Founding of Rome. A Brief History of Ancient Rome

According to a beautiful legend, Rome was founded by Romulus, one of two brothers fed by a she-wolf in his lair. But you, since you started reading this article, are probably wondering how far the legend is from reality.

Today we will find out how titled Italian historians explain the origin of Rome.

I am sitting at a lecture on Ancient Rome at the University of Bologna, many of you know that I am studying history in Italy. Our professor says...

What evidence do we have? Literary sources and archaeological finds!

Who founded Rome - Romulus

Alas, not a single literary source names the person who personally saw how Romulus outlined the boundaries of the new city. There are no direct eyewitnesses and could not be. Because writing in Rome appeared only at the end of the 7th century BC, that is, more than a hundred years have passed since the founding of Rome.

But even the appearance of writing does not shed light on the mystery, because the history of Rome really began to be interested in a few centuries later - when it grew, strengthened and began to threaten its neighbors. Approximately from the middle of the IV century BC. The ancient Greeks paid the most attention to Rome. But the historians we can rely on today - Titus Livius and Dionysius of Halicarnassus - lived in the first century BC!

Of course, they also relied in their works on other authors who heard folk legends about Romulus and the first seven kings of Rome... But today no one can determine what share of the truth reached them after so many years...

Greek historians tried to show that the Romans owe their origin to... who else, the ancient Greeks!

Dionysius of Halicarnassus writes so directly in his "Roman Antiquities": "The inhabitants of Arcadia were the first of the Hellenes to cross the Adriatic and landed in Italy. They were led by Enotre, the son of Lycaon, born 17 generations before the Trojan War ... Enotre and the Hellenes who sailed with him, found here a lot of land useful for grazing and for agriculture.Some of them were deserted, some inhabited by local peoples, but these settlements were few in number.Freeing Italy from the barbarians, Enotre founded new cities, close to each other, as they did in ancient times. The lands occupied by him were called Enotria, and the inhabitants who inhabited it were called Oenotry "...

Titus Livius dedicated 142 books to Rome. The first of them fully tells about his formation... Titus Livy mentions the legend of Aeneas, who, after the Trojan War, also sailed to Italy.

Well, it turns out that the Italians are the direct descendants of the ancient Greeks?

Of course no. In modern historiography, one can read about many nationalities that lived in Italy in the Bronze Age. "Golasecca" - in modern Piedmont and Lombardy; not far from Padua, another culture, it is called the "Este culture"; on the territory of today's Tuscany and Emilia - the "civilization of Villanoviana", from which the Etruscans came ...

However, we digress. Who founded Rome?

Surprisingly, all ancient historians answer unequivocally: Romulus. It is doubtful whether this was a real person. Or due to the fact that the city was already called Rome, the legend added a founder with a consonant name - Romulus? Yes, it often happens: with a lack of facts, cause and effect are reversed ...

In Italy, archaeologists are constantly finding something interesting...

Both Titus Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus tell how Romulus took a plow in his hands and outlined the boundaries of the new city. The god Mars was declared the father of Romulus. You can read this beautiful legend on the website, go to

However, the authors themselves are not very sure about it. Titus Livy writes: "Antiquity is excusable, interfering with the human with the divine, to exalt the beginning of cities; and if it is permissible for any people to sanctify their origin and erect it to the gods, then the military glory of the Roman people is such that, if he calls Mars himself his ancestor and father their ancestor, the tribes of men will demolish it with the same humility with which they demolish the power of Rome. But such stories, no matter how they look at them and no matter what people think about them, I do not attach great importance. "

Who founded Rome? summed up our professor. - We will assume that it was Romulus, not forgetting that the confirmation of this is a legend. In fact, we do not know exactly why Rome was called Rome. According to one version, the word was based on ruma , which means a female breast, shaped like a rounded hill (on such a hill the city was born). According to another version - from the word Rumon , in ancient Latin, this was the name of the Tiber River, on which Rome stands. ( Note: the Italian name of the city is Roma).

Rome was founded in 753 BC

If the name of Romulus is called by a legend recognized as vague even by historians, then how did scientists calculate the year of the foundation of Rome with such accuracy?

The answer is archeology!

"First of all, Romulus fortified the Palatine Hill, where he was brought up," writes Titus Livius.

Today, the Palatine Hill in Rome looks like this.

No, no, yes, you can see how scientists in heavy boots are excavating on the territory of the Palatine.

We've come to the fun part...

In 1988, the Italian archaeologist Andrea Carandini and his team excavated on the southern slope of the Palatina. He discovered a semblance of a palisade, and parallel to it, closer to the center of the hill, the remains of a wall, they date back to the 8th century BC.

The hypothesis of scientists: the stone wall enclosed Ancient Rome, it was laid by Romulus. A palisade circled the boundaries of the holy possessions of the city, he went around a larger territory. It was impossible to plant trees on it, or to bury the dead, or to build houses and workshops ... A kind of "no man's land".

Another historian who lived in the 1st century BC, Mark Terentius Varro, describes the ancient ritual of laying the foundation of the city:

"In Lazio, it was customary to lay a city in the manner of the Etruscans. A bull and a cow were harnessed to a plow, and this was how the limit of the city was outlined. It was a religious custom, the ritual was performed on the day marked by a sign. The boundaries of the city were marked by a ditch and a wall. A ditch is a furrow, which the plow left behind. The wall was the earth that came out from under his knife. The wall was built inside, the ditch outside. The boundaries of the city were marked by columns. Beyond them, the possessions of the city no longer extended."

Varro mentions that the day for laying the city was chosen on purpose. Scientists today call not only the year of the founding of Rome, but also the day - April 21, the feast of pastures and grazing animals.

Not always the border of the city's possessions and the stone wall were close to each other, sometimes there was a significant space between them. The wall was built for protection and covered the territory that needed it. And the border of possessions in Rome lay with a large margin, as if implying that the city would grow.

The expansion of the boundaries of the city could only take place in special cases. Then the old columns were preserved, and new possessions were designated by new ones, as the rituals dictated. In Rome, it was possible to expand the boundaries of the city only at the expense of the territory conquered from another people. The next time after Romulus, the border was outlined already in the 1st century BC. And the last time - under the emperor Aurelian in the III century AD.

Another find of archaeologists in Latin is called "Black Stone".

On January 10, 1899, during excavations in the Roman Forum, the scientist Giacomo Boni discovered this tombstone. An inscription is carved on the stone, which warns: anyone who touches it brings great disasters on his head.

Scientists believe that the stone may mark the burial place of Romulus. According to another version, Faustulus, who sheltered and raised the brothers Romulus and Remus, was buried here. If you are a simple tourist who came to Rome, then you can easily find the place where Lapis Niger rests in the Roman forum.

As soon as the find was discovered, it was immediately associated with a written source, which mentions a black stone near the site of the comitia, not far from the curia. The tomb of Romulus is marked with a black stone, the chronicle says.

Of course, no one dares to name the exact year the stone appeared, they only say that the age of the find allows us to be sure that the monarchs of Rome were very ancient. None of the scientists speaks about whether human remains were found anywhere near the Black Stone.

Where to look for Romulus, they don't know yet...

There is a version that Romulus could have been killed at one of the "sessions" of the curia, which took place not far from the "black stone", cut his body into pieces, and taken out of the city ...

Who founded Rome, the year of the foundation of Rome - today I tried to answer these questions without cunning, with maximum frankness. As far as the knowledge obtained in one of the best universities in the world allows.

Hope the article was helpful. Although, probably, it did not live up to the expectations of some readers 😉

2800 years ago, a small settlement appeared on one of the hills not far from the stormy river in those days, the founder of which declared that the Great City would soon stand here. This is how the history of Rome began - Eternal and Mighty. He survived a lot - ups and downs, mortal battles, epidemics and looting, the troubled Middle Ages, conspiracies and the true Renaissance. Today we know Rome as a hospitable city with an unusually warm atmosphere. Its ruins speak volumes, the abundance of attractions is amazing, and tourists get so many emotions that many fall in love with the Eternal City immediately and forever.

Anna Capitolina ,

The history of Rome, numbering almost three thousand years, is full of interesting and legendary events. The Rape of the Sabine Women is one of many historical episodes that later turned into a legend. This incident occurred in ancient Rome, during its founding, and to a large extent influenced the course of the entire subsequent history of the city.

History of ancient Rome

Anna Capitolina

The history of ancient Rome was considered fiction for a long time, and they knew about it only from the testimony of ancient writers, who fantasized quite a lot. But the ongoing archaeological excavations, analysis and comparison of events suggest that in fact, from the depths of centuries, some reliable facts, nevertheless, have come down to us.

Anna Capitolina

The seventh ancient Roman king waged aggressive and predatory wars that replenished the budget of Rome, which helped to complete the Capitoline Temple and the city sewer - the Great Cloaca. But the cruel deeds of Tarquinius the Proud, as well as the abuses and adulteries of his sons, caused discontent among the Romans.

History of the Roman Republic

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During the time of the Roman Republic, cruel executions and popular entertainment spectacles flourished with the killing of slaves in front of hundreds of spectators, and the Romans were called barbarians and merciless foreigners who destroyed the inhabitants of conquered countries. But at a certain moment, the process of robbery even of their own people acquired simply colossal proportions.

History of the Roman Empire

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Last modified: August 4, 2018Among the most popular and visited places by the Romans were monumental public buildings for sanitary purposes. Roman baths were intended not only for performing water procedures, but also were the main tool of socialization. The Romans often visited the baths in order to communicate, ...

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According to the descriptions of the ancient Roman historian-encyclopedist Suetonius, Octavian did not disdain relations with strangers, even being married to the one he truly fell in love with. But as his friends assured, Augustus played with women for the sake of ferreting out the plans of ill-wishers.

History of Rome during the Renaissance

Anna Capitolina

The first mention of Farnese dates back to around 1210. The ancestors of a well-known family left their mark in Orvieto, where they were known as Signors de Farneto. The ancestors of the noble Farnese were cavalrymen, took part in wars and uprisings, participated in meetings as representatives from Orvieto, were bishops and diplomats.

Modern times: Roman Republic, Italian Kingdom, Italian Republic

Anna Capitolina

The future king of a united Italy was born on March 14, 1820 in Turin, which at that time was part of the Kingdom of Sardinia. His father - Carlo Albert - from 1831 to 1849. occupied the royal throne of Piedmont and Sardinia. He became famous for the implementation of a number of important state reforms, supported art and science, abolished the feudal system, tried to participate in the expulsion of the Austrians from the territory of Northern Italy. At the end of his reign

The history of Rome briefly goes something like this. The city on the Palatine was founded by one of the legendary twins - Romulus, who, as a result of a violent quarrel, killed his half-brother Remus. The first ancient Roman king managed to attract men to the settlement, but the problem with the appearance of indigenous people was too acute, since at first there were no women here. I had to resort to tricks, as a result of which the hearts of the representatives of the neighboring tribe of the Sabines were won, and soon after that the first Romans and Roman women were born.

The history of Rome from its foundation to the present day is divided into several periods. For almost a quarter of a millennium, Ancient Rome was ruled by kings, each of whom contributed to the history of the city. After the exile in 509 BC. the last, seventh ruler, the republican period began, lasting until the year 27. And this is almost five centuries old. Then came the era of emperors, among whom were both creators and madmen.

The age of the city of Rome is 2770 years. It belongs to the most ancient settlements in the world and has preserved the monuments of Antiquity. This is why it is valuable for archaeologists, historians and lovers of antiquity.

From the article it will become clear why Rome is called the Eternal City. To do this, you should learn more about its history, way of life and inhabitants.

Foundation of the city

The history of Rome is connected with the tribes of Ithaca, who lived on the left bank of the Tiber River. In the ninth century BC, they settled on the hills of Latium. Gradually, representatives of the Latins and Sabines united and built a fortification on Capitol Hill. This is how Rome was born. The city was named after the ruler Romulus. The legend about him says that he escaped with his brother Rem and was fed by a she-wolf. Later he founded his city.

Today, Roman historians call the exact date of the founding of Rome - 04/21/753 BC. The land belonged to the representatives of the founding tribes, who were called patricians. Gradually, the population of Rome increased to one hundred thousand people. Newly arrived people and their descendants were called plebeians. They were free, but did not have their own land and could not engage in state affairs.

Periods of Rome

The city has existed for more than two and a half thousand years. During this time, he went through many periods. Ancient times are usually divided into the following stages:

• royal - considered since the founding of the city, implies the rule of seven kings;
• republican - the city expanded, becoming the capital of a new state;
• imperial - began under Julius Caesar, the city expanded at the expense of the Field of Mars. It was continued by Augustus, who increased the space at the expense of the suburbs and divided the city into fourteen parts. After the fire, which is associated with the emperor Nero, the city was completely rebuilt by the Flavian dynasty.

The history of Rome, which is associated with antiquity, ended in the fifth century. It was captured by the Visigoths under the leadership of Alaric, and later plundered by the Vandals.

During the Middle Ages, the city became the center of the papacy. Gradually, the main place became the Vatican Hill. The most well-preserved are those buildings that were used by Christians. The rest of the buildings were destroyed by time and raids.

The new time began for Rome with an attack by the French, who created a republic and expelled the pope. The confrontation continued for several centuries. The city was seized in turn by the French, the Neapolitans, the popes.

Rome conquered Italy

Since the advent of Rome, there has been a struggle with other tribes that inhabited the Apennine Peninsula. First of all, the war was fought with the Etruscans.

By the third century BC, the state centered in Rome took possession of the entire peninsula. The Italian tribes were forced to submit, they gave away part of their lands, began to send their children to serve in the Roman army. The northern lands, on which the Greek colony of Tarentum was located, remained unconquered. Pyrrhus arrived to help the Greeks. At first he won, but with heavy losses. As a result, the Romans won a victory and staged a triumph in their city. Through Rome they led a thousand captive Greeks and four enemy elephants.

By 265 BC, Rome had subjugated all of Italy. Further, the city expanded its influence further and further.

Italy took over Rome

Until the middle of the nineteenth century, there was no single Italian state on the map. The lands were divided between independent kingdoms, the Habsburg Empire. In 1861, the struggle for unification began.

The Italian states fought the Austrians and the French for their lands. Finally, in 1870, they entered Rome. In the same year, the city became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy.

Ancient Rome - the Eternal City, which in 1922 was captured by the Nazis. This continued until 1943.

Description of the ancient city

At the time of the founding of Rome, people lived in huts made of reeds, which were covered with clay. Stone houses began to appear in the sixth century BC.

Closer to our era, Emperor Octavian August created the Forum - a new square in the city. There, the Black Stone marked the burial place of Romulus.

The description of the city of Rome should begin with the main shrine - the temple of Jupiter. It was located on the Capitol Hill, was completed in the sixth century BC. Two centuries later, the Romans built many temples, stone roads, bridges, water pipes, circuses.

In the third century BC, the first palaces appeared in the city. At this time, the Romans began to conquer other states, exporting their valuables. The streets of Rome began to be paved with stone in 174 BC. They were always filled with people who walked. Noble citizens moved through the streets on stretchers. But sometimes passage was forbidden due to too narrow streets.

In the third century BC, apartment buildings (insulas) appeared in the city, which had several floors. In one apartment there was a kitchen and a couple of rooms. People with low income could rent one apartment. These houses did not have running water, so water had to be taken from fountains. The Romans bathed in public baths.

Wealthy Romans lived in luxurious houses (domuses). On the territory of the house there were many halls, baths, bedrooms. There was also a courtyard with a garden.

Daily life in the city during the empire

During the empire, the population reached one million people. The city was filled with many peoples who lived in separate quarters. The city consisted of 14 districts.

A Roman's day began at sunrise. He spent the first hours in prayer. Further, poor residents visited wealthy citizens to ask for alms. The latter worked in judicial institutions, in the city council.

Their working day began at three o'clock (in the modern world it is nine o'clock in the morning). At six o'clock, Roman time, there was a small dinner, and two hours later, a big dinner. After dinner, people went about their business, relaxing and having fun.

Every day, residents visited the baths, the so-called baths. There were not only pools of water, but also libraries, places for walking. The city had more than one thousand private baths and eleven public ones.

Roman society was quite militarized. The state had universal military service, which applied to men aged from seventeen to forty-six years. To get a government post, a man was required to take part in ten military companies.

A separate topic is worthy of the favorite entertainment of all the inhabitants of Rome - the gladiator fights that took place in the Colosseum.

Surviving sights

Before analyzing why Rome is called the Eternal City, it is worth remembering those cultural monuments that have survived to this day.

List of the main attractions of the Antiquity period:

• Colosseum - ancient Flavian amphitheater;
• Pantheon - a temple that was built for all the gods;
• Mausoleum of Hadrian - built as the burial place of the emperor, but later began to be used by the popes as a fortress, and today it has become a museum;
• Imperial forums - architectural monuments not associated with the Forum, were built over a hundred and fifty years;
• The forum is the center of the ancient city, where the most important political, religious and economic events took place.

The forum was a fairly large area, on which temples, arches, basilicas are located. During excavations, an ancient prison, the house of the Vestal Virgins, food warehouses and much more were discovered here.

Who told about Rome?

Every citizen of Rome knew the heroes of his native city. The ideal of the ancient Roman was the image of a stern warrior who was content with homespun clothes, ordinary food, modest housing without embellishment. Traditions about such people have come down to us through the ages.

Much is known about Rome thanks to Titus Livius and his work on the history of Rome. The writer told about the city from the moment of its appearance. Interesting information about the heroes of Rome is contained in Virgil's poem "Aeneid".

The heroes of these creations appear before modern people as very cruel, yet generous. They love freedom, stand for justice and are loyal to their city.

It remains to be seen why Rome is called the Eternal City.

Who said that Rome is Eternal?

For the first time, Rome was called the eternal city by the poet Tibull Albius. He lived in 50-20 years BC. In his work (The Book of Elegies), the author, through Apollo, conveys to the readers the idea that Rome will be a powerful city. The words about eternity began to be used in their writings and speeches by many Roman orators and writers. For example, Emperor Hadrian, traveling through other lands, saw the ruins there and realized that his city would exist forever.

To understand why Rome is called the Eternal City, it is worth knowing a little about the city of that time. Tibull lived during the time of Octavian Augustus. Under this emperor, urban structures that had been lost earlier were reconstructed and restored. The emperor proudly declared that he found the city made of brick, and left it marble.

History has confirmed the words about eternity. Despite the wars, all sorts of upheavals, rebellions, the city was recovering, strengthening its power.

BC. , however new research indicates that Rome is much older. Archaeologists say they have found evidence that there was some kind of infrastructure in the capital of Italy that was prevalent at least 100 years before the founding of Rome.

How many years have passed since the founding of Rome?

Patrizia Fortini, lead archaeologist at the excavations (Foro Romanum), says that the technology used to build the walls of ancient structures in the Eternal City was most popular at a time when there was no talk of building Rome. The wall discovered by archaeologists was built using volcanic tuff, which allowed underground water to flow freely into the Spino River, a tributary of the Tiber. Not far from the building, archaeologists found fragments of pottery and leftover food.

“It was necessary for us to conduct a thorough study of the ceramic material, which allowed us to approximately determine the date of construction of the wall. We assume that it was built between the 9th and early 8th century BC," Fortini says. Scholars already know that Rome was settled gradually and that the date of its founding, April 21, 753, arose from the discovered writings of a certain author. Recent finds and discoveries indicate that the first settlers came to Rome around the 10th century BC. – this means that the city is already at least 3000 years old!

The "Black Stone", a square black marble surface located in the Roman Forum, is located near (Arco di Settimio Severo), a famous monument built in the very center of the forum as early as 203 AD.

Many historians believe that one of the founders of the city, Romulus, is buried under this stone.

Archaeologists have been excavating here since 2009, using some of the surviving photographs, images and other materials that they inherited from scientists who had previously explored the site. So, initially archaeologists worked here under the leadership of Giacomo Boni, who led the excavations of the Forum from 1899 until his death in 1925.

According to photographs taken of the site, Fortini and her team created a 3D model of the Forum, and used laser scanners and high-quality photographs to uncover the very wall that the archaeologist called the "first building" in the city.

The Roman Forum was originally the most important square of the empire and Rome, in ancient times there was a regular market. Today, it is one of the most popular Eternal City, which is visited daily by tourists. The prospect of going around all the ruins under the scorching Italian sun does not frighten the guests of the city, who tend to take pictures here against the backdrop of ancient buildings, where the voices of the ancient Romans can still be heard.

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What is Rome in terms of history? In short, this is more than 28 centuries of ups and downs, with almost complete destruction, and then a new flourishing and magnificent urban development. These are civil strife with rivers of blood and at the same time or against this background - a brilliant development of the arts. This is a split, confrontation, and then the reunification of religion. The same vicissitudes touched secular power. All this is Rome - ambiguous, multifaceted, based on seven hills, or rather on the Palatine by two twins, fed by a she-wolf, and which is not only the capital of Italy, but of the entire Catholic world. However, in order to make the sightseeing of the Eternal City more meaningful, it would be nice to know, at least in general terms, the history of the ancient city that influenced all of humanity, which can be divided into three large periods.

Rome in antiquity

In the territory that Rome will occupy in the future, in fact, as throughout Europe of the Iron Age, human settlements arose - low hills, as well as the close location of the river, contributed to this process. The founder father, as the legend says, being at a tender age, playing with his brother, laid out small stones in the form of a pyramid and declared that there would be a city. Their names were Romulus and Remus, and the year was then 753 BC. Rem decided to claim his rights to the future settlement, but the enraged Romulus in the heat of rage kills his half-brother and single-handedly founds the city.

Interesting. There is no historical grain in the legend of Romulus and Rem, according to experts. Moreover, only one person appeared in the original version of the legend. This is confirmed by the well-known sculpture, dating from the 4th century, of a she-wolf feeding one child, which is kept in the Bologna Museum. However, the equally famous sculptural image of the "Capitolian Wolf" says otherwise - there are two children. But almost certainly these twin figures were placed there during the Renaissance.

Located at the crossroads of trade routes, the city grew rapidly and gained its grandeur and wealth. And soon it became the capital of the kingdom, which includes all the surrounding lands, with the Etruscan rulers at the head. The tyranny of the rulers, and there were seven of them in the history of the reign, including Romulus, brought the people to a revolution, which successfully took place in 510 BC. e. and proclaimed the Roman Republic. The growth of land and capital did not dry out, and after 400 years Rome became the capital of the Empire. And for a long thousand years it was the largest, most influential and richest city in the entire Western world. In addition, under the emperor Constantine, during whose reign St. Peter's Cathedral and St. Paul's Basilica were founded, and Christians were no longer fed to lions in the arena of the Colosseum, Rome becomes a religious center.

Middle Ages

Under the furious onslaught of merciless barbarians in the 4th century AD, the Roman Empire, as well as the Eternal City, its capital, fell. The vast majority of buildings are irretrievably destroyed. Antique sculptures, objects of art, as well as legal laws with moral principles were of no value to the ferocious invaders - Rome is plunged into darkness. However, against the backdrop of a catastrophic decline, the power of the Pope is growing by leaps and bounds, which will soon subjugate the city itself, as well as the provinces surrounding it.

Fact. In 395, the Roman Empire, due to the collapse, consisted of Western and Eastern (Byzantine). An avalanche of barbarians moved to the West, in which Rome was located in 410. The last emperor, Romulus Augustus, was overthrown by the Vandal tribes led by Odoacer. The remnants of the former imperial power migrated to Byzantium, which lasted another 1000 years.

So, papal power is growing stronger - new temples, cathedrals, churches are being built everywhere. Soon the Eternal City becomes a citadel of seemingly spiritual, but in fact pronounced secular power. In the 15th century, with the advent of the Renaissance, Rome literally flourished - there was an energetic construction of bridges and luxurious palaces. The city takes on a new look. It was during this era that such geniuses as Michelangelo, Raphael and other masters created their immortal works. A new St. Peter's Cathedral was built on the site of the destroyed one, and the Sistine Chapel was erected.

New and recent history

In 1798, during the Franco-Prussian War, Rome was occupied by the troops of the French commander Berthier. And again, how many centuries ago the Roman Republic was proclaimed. From the Pope, he was Pius VI in those days, they demanded the renunciation of secular power, which, in principle, is logical. However, he turned out to be, for which he was expelled from the city, where he later died. Until 1870, Rome was in a fever - either the Austrians took it, or the troops of the Neapolitan king Ferdinand I, who, by the way, executed all the republicans. Napoleon Bonaparte was also noted, who generally abolished the Papal State in 1808, and in 1811 declared his newborn son the king of Rome.

And yet, the time of troubles passed when, in 1870, the Eternal City was finally occupied by the troops of the Italian kingdom and declared it the capital of Italy. And the period of city construction begins again, sometimes too active and hectic - the Tiber is fettered with stone embankments, new hills are being built at full speed, wide comfortable streets are being designed. After the First World War, Rome becomes the center of Italian fascism. At the same time, in 1929, an enclave appeared on its territory - the Vatican. World War II, fortunately, did not cause irreparable damage to the monuments of the city. And in 1944 he was already liberated by the allied forces. And since then, Rome has been one of the most peaceful cities on the planet with the brightest history and many monuments that attract tourists from all over the world.

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