The inner world of a Russian hut presentation. The inner world of a Russian hut. Lesson topic: "The inner world of a Russian hut"

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The inner world of a Russian hut Completed by: Okhapkina Nadezhda Nikolaevna, art teacher at MBOU “Secondary School No. 35” Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod Region

Russian villages fit surprisingly harmoniously into the surrounding nature. Feeling his home was a part of nature, where everything is subordinated to order, purposefulness and beauty, the peasant felt protected and strong, and therefore free.

The peasant perceived his home as a special world. The house had three vertical tiers, reminiscent of three worlds. The ceiling, attic and roof were likened to the world above, bright, transformed.

The hut was reminiscent of the mastered, earthly, sanctified world in which human life took place.

The basement (underground) reminded of the world of evil, evil spirits. It was considered a great punishment if the prankster was locked underground.

The entire porch was decorated with carved openwork valances. There were steps leading up to the porch. The porch is the “open arms” of the house. It connects him with the street, his neighbors. “To live in neighbors is to be in conversations.” Let's go up to the porch and open the door.

Entering the hut, willy-nilly, everyone must bow to the owners, otherwise you might get a bump on your forehead: the door to the hut is low. And the threshold, on the contrary, is high, so that there is less wind. The threshold was given special significance: it was considered the boundary between the internal and external worlds. They crossed it with prayer and the sign of the cross.

The air in the hut is special, spicy, filled with the aromas of dry herbs and baked dough. Upon entering the hut, you will immediately notice the stove; it occupies almost half of the hut. The whole way of life, the whole life of a peasant, is connected with the stove. It’s not for nothing that they say: “The oven heats and cooks, bakes and fries. She will feed, dry and delight the soul.”

In front of the mouth of the stove there is a well-arranged shelf - a wide thick board on which pots and cast iron pots are placed.

Near the mouth of the oven there are iron grips at attention, which are used to place pots in the oven and remove them.

There was also a wooden tub with water near the stove.

The stove was covered with a wall on the side or a box was attached in the form of a cabinet with doors - a golbets. It was often painted with bright colors and birds and animals were depicted on it.

The corner to the right of the stove was called the woman's kut. The hostess was in charge here, everything was equipped for cooking.

The other corner, to the left of the stove, was called red, that is, beautiful. The red corner was facing southeast. He received the first rays of the sun and, as it were, personified the dawn. Here, on an elegant corner shelf (shrine), icons were placed and a lamp was burning. In the red corner there was a table where the whole family dined. This part of the house was the most honorable. If the owner wanted to show special respect to the guest, he invited him to the front corner.

From the door to the side wall there was a shop - a horse shop, this was the place of the male half. Here, on autumn and winter evenings, men repaired shoes, made crafts, and repaired horse harnesses.

Shelves with utensils were strengthened under the ceiling, and wooden floorings were arranged near the stove - floors, on which people slept. And during get-togethers or weddings, children would climb in there and gaze with curiosity at everything that was happening in the hut.

A significant place in the hut was occupied by a wooden weaving mill - krosno, on which women weaved. Its individual parts were often decorated with round rosettes - signs of the sun, as well as sculptural images of horses.

For a newborn, an elegant cradle was hung from the ceiling. Rocking gently, she lulled the baby to the melodious song of a peasant woman.

When dusk fell, they burned a torch. A forged light was used for this.

Rainbow homespun rugs stretched across the floor. They truly resembled a road running along the ground. In many northern villages, houses with painted interiors have been preserved. Sometimes it seems that the whole world fits into an ancient house: trees and grass, birds and animals, earthly and heavenly, visible and invisible.

The house resembles a ship on which a family sails and escapes on the troubled sea of ​​everyday life, where everyone lives in harmony with each other and in harmony. A simple village hut, but how much wisdom and meaning it has absorbed! The interior of the hut is as high art as anything created by the talented Russian people.

Literature Goryaeva N.A., Ostrovskaya O.V. Decorative and applied arts in human life: A textbook on fine arts for grade 5. 2013.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

The inner world of a Russian hut

Development of a lesson for grade 5 on the topic: “The inner world of a Russian hut.” The material is presented in an accessible form for children, allowing for dialogue. Through the lesson, students become familiar with the basic concepts in...

Outline of an art lesson in 5th grade The inner world of a Russian hut

The outline of an art lesson is compiled on the basis of the Program “Decorative and Applied Arts in Human Life”, author B.M. Nemensky. The lesson is compiled in accordance with the new provisions and requirements...

Electronic presentation of the first quarter fine arts lesson. Topic: “The inner world of a Russian hut”

Electronic presentation of the first quarter fine arts lesson. Topic: “The inner world of a Russian hut” ...

Lesson topic: "The inner world of a Russian hut."

(5th grade. Program by B.M. Nemensky)

Lesson type: combined(lesson of new knowledge and practical work)

The purpose of the lesson:

To form in students imaginative ideas about organization, the wise arrangement by a person of the interior space of a hut and decor.

Introduce the concept of interior, its features in a peasant home; form the concept of spiritual and material.

Tasks:

Educational:

Continue introducing students to the living conditions of peasants, emphasizing that they remained almost unchanged over the centuries.

Pay attention to the wealth of traditions and customs associated with the world of the peasant hut.

Involve students in searching for antiques, setting up an exhibition, collecting proverbs and sayings on the topic of the lesson, which helps to increase interest in the subject and develop students’ creative abilities.

Emphasize the originality, talent of the Russian people, their simplicity and deep spirituality.

Educational:

Activate cognitive interest in history.

Develop children's horizons, memory, students' attention, thinking, ability to analyze.

Summarize graphic skills related to drawing up a housing diagram, imagination and fantasy.

Educational:

To instill in students an interest in the historical past of the Motherland.

To cultivate aesthetic and artistic taste in the process of perceiving educational material.

Visual range: presentation on the topic of the lesson, illustrations for Russian fairy tales, epics,

drawings of an empty room.

Music series: folk songs.

Equipment and materials: brushes, paints, a jar for water, pencils, A4 sheets, PC, projector, screen.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment. (2 minutes)

Teacher:

My friends, I am very glad

Enter your welcoming class

And for me it’s already a reward

Attention to your smart eyes,

I know everyone in the class is a genius

But talent is of no use without work,

Let's take brushes and paints in our hands

And together we will write a lesson.

Today we have guests from schools in the Vygonichsky district at an extracurricular lesson. In the Vygoniichi region there are many villages and hamlets with their own history and the facades of ancient houses that are preserved to this day in their original form.

All this is the history and cultural heritage of our Motherland, which we must protect and preserve, otherwise we will not have a past, and a people who do not know their history and traditions have no future.

2. Updating basic knowledge. (5 minutes)

SLIDE №1

Teacher:

Russian hut... This is not the first time we have encountered it in our lessons and extracurricular activities, and again we turn to its image.

What does the concept of a rustic or wooden house mean to you?

(A rustic, wooden house is the cradle of peasant Russia. Man, feeling unprotected from cosmic forces and elements, sought to create his own world, his own home - kind and cozy. Your own microcosm, a small universe.)

Teacher:

Guys, let's remember what the design of a village house is?? (The pediment of the hut is the brow, the front part of the facade is the face, the middle beam along the ceiling is the mother - the Milky Way, the floor is the ground, the windows are the eyes.)

What model of the world does she represent? What did the hut represent? (Combination of three cosmic elements - sky, earth and underworld.)

How was the Russian hut built? With what tool?

(It’s a pity that few ancient wooden structures have survived to this day. Some of them were destroyed by fires in the hard years, others were spared by time. But we still know that our ancestors built their houses with the help of one ax. And that’s why huts and were called chopped. There is not a single nail in such a building. After all, nails rust, and with them the wood deteriorates.)

Teacher:

Well done boys,

Why are we all around the hut!?

What do you think, if we go into the hut, what can we talk about and what new things will we learn?

"The inner world of a peasant hut"

Today in the lesson we will continue to get acquainted with the inner world of the Russian hut, its interior and decoration, and consolidate knowledge about the organization and wise arrangement by man of the internal space of the hut.

And for this you need magic words - everything you just said about the hut, I summed it up in verse:

Teacher:

In the hut there is the same order that is observed in nature, everything is harmonious and perfect.

Let's find out what was in the Russian hut.

Entering the hut we will see under the ceiling POLAVOSHNIKI(shelves), they housed peasant utensils: dishes, baskets, baskets. The dishes were usually wooden or clay.

SLIDE No. 6

For newborns, an elegant dress was hung from the ceiling of the hut CASSET. The cradle was secured on a flexible pole to the mother.

SLIDE No. 7

The floor - the ground - was covered HOMEWOVEN RUGS- paths.

SLIDE No.

To illuminate the hut in the evening they used LUCHINA, which was placed in SVETETS.

SLIDE No.

In a peasant house BAKE was a nurse, a protector from the cold, a healer from diseases. It is no coincidence that the stove is a common character often found in Russian fairy tales.

What fairy tales do you know that talk about the stove?

“Whatever is in the oven is all swords on the table.”- says the Russian proverb. The stove serves not only to heat the home, but also for cooking. You can use it to dry food for future use – mushrooms, for example (and you can also dry felt boots after a winter walk). On the stove it was possible “warm the bones” for the elderly - for this purpose it was equipped with a couch. At the bottom of the stove, you can see a recess for storing firewood. It was believed that behind the stove lived a brownie - the keeper of the hearth. During matchmaking, the bride was traditionally hidden behind the stove. The Russian stove is a home, a place surrounded by reverence for the entire peasant family: it is a source of existence and well-being.

The stove is a clean place; you cannot spit on the stove or burn garbage in it. The guest who entered the hut, first of all, leaned his palms against the stove, thus paying respect to the mistress of the house and asking for favor from the brownie.

Near the mouth of the furnace there are iron grips, which are used to place cast iron pots in and out of the furnace. There is also a poker and a shovel for baking bread nearby. The warmth that the stove breathed was akin to spiritual warmth.”

In the hut, where the stove was heated “black,” there was no ceiling: the smoke came out of the window right under the roof. Such peasant huts were called chicken. Only the rich had a stove with a chimney and a hut with a ceiling. Why is that? In the smoking hut all the walls were black and smoked. It turns out that such sooty walls do not rot longer, the hut could last a hundred years, and a stove without a chimney “ate” less wood.

“The peasant was clever and put a hut on the stove.”

Wanting to convey his state of mind, the man said: “It’s like warming yourself by the stove.”Where is the coziest place in the house? On the stove:“Don’t feed me bread, just don’t drive me out of the oven.”They swore on the stove the truthfulness of their words:“If I’m lying, then God forbid I at least choke on the stove.”They say about a person who does not understand anything about current events:“It’s like I fell out of an oven.”

SLIDE

In front of us on the left RED CORNER hut. The spiritual center of the house. Spiritual - from the word “soul”. It also happens on the right, it all depends on which corner at the entrance the stove was in - the red corner was located diagonally from the stove.

Why is this corner called red? Do not know ?

What does the word red mean? Red means beautiful, main. The dawn lit up in the morning.

Initially, houses were built so that this corner of the house was directed towardssoutheast. The east was associated with the idea of ​​paradise, blissful happiness, life-giving light and hope; they turned to the east with prayers, spells, and incantations.

Icon always hung with the front side facing the east, where the sun rises - the embodiment of kindness. Everyone followed this rule: be it a peasant hut, royal chambers or merchant mansions. In case of any misfortune or fire, the icon was the first to be taken out of the hut.

All significant events of family life were noted in the red corner. A table was placed here, at which both everyday meals and festive feasts and rituals took place.

BOYAR GAME

SLIDE No.

One of the material objects was TABLE. The table was treated with respect and called “God’s palm,” which is why it was forbidden for children to hit the table or climb on it. Along the walls there were wide STORE. Benches differed from benches in that benches were firmly attached to the walls, and benches could be freely moved from place to place.

SLIDE No. 12

WOMEN'S CORNER

Who spent the most time at the stove?

The corner opposite the stove was called - woman's cut, women's corner. Here the housewife, closer to the stove, prepared food, there was a cabinet for storing kitchen utensils - dishware

Therefore, the part where the stove stood was called the female half. There the housewives spun and did handicrafts.

SLIDE No. 13

MEN'S CORNER

A shop was set up from the door to the side wall - KONIK, where men did household work. The vertical board often depicted a horse, hence the name. This place was the male half.

Peasant property was stored under the bench. And on the wall hung horse harnesses, clothes and work supplies. On the men's side there was one more thing... It simultaneously served as a bench, a bed, and storage of things.

Can you guess what we're talking about?

SLIDE No. 14

Of course it is BOX. Over time, he replaced the bunk. There was a large chest in the corner to store clothes. Boxes and caskets were made to store jewelry. Chests came in different sizes. Small chests not intended for sitting were calledchests . Large chests were lined with iron strips for strength, and often a bracket was made for the lock. They were decorated with carvings, forged metal patterns, and drawings. And they kept things and jewelry in chests.

5. Summing up.

Teacher:

Today you will get acquainted with the interior of a peasant hut.

To continue we must find out what is INTERIOR? (Discussion of the word by childrenINTERIOR is the internal view of the room and its decoration.)

6.Practical work (15 min)

(Safety rules for working with scissors)

Look, we have opened our mouths -

You can put paper in it,

Paper in our mouth

Will split into parts.

Work in groups. The guys agree on what they will draw and which item from the interior. After drawing, they cut it out and attach it to a previously prepared drawing of an empty room. (music plays in the background)

7. Reflection on the lesson results.(5 minutes)

Demonstration of children's completed work.
- Well done guys, pay attention to what creative work we did.

(Teams receive marks while evaluating each other)

Questions to reinforce a new topic:

What was considered the main thing in the hut?

A shop that was set up for men?

What did you use to store clothes?

How is each item decorated?

This is our culture, which reflects the character, morals, customs and traditions of our people.

8. Homework:

Continuing the topic, find information about household items

Teacher:

A) Red corner

B) Blue corner

B) Dining corner

D) Front corner

What would you call this corner in the house? In the front corner of the hut there was a red corner. This is the spiritual center of the house. There was a dining table nearby. In the corner there were icons decorated with an embroidered towel.

Seating the guest in red corner, they said: "Meet

not with flattery, but with honor."

Sleeps in summer

In winter it burns

Mouth opens

What they give, he swallows.

What do you know about the Russian stove?

And how many fairy tales were told to children on the stove!

In which fairy tales is the stove mentioned?

What tool would we not be able to see near the stove?

A) Iron grip

B) Poker

B) Wooden shovel

D) Mop

In almost every hut one could find:

A) Loom

B) Printing press

B) Drilling machine

D) Lathe

A) Polavoshniki

B) Polati

Determine what was called...

The place under the curtains was a kind of hallway and was called: A) the hostess’s corner

B) owner's angle

B) angle for punishment

D) corner for children

Chests were made large and small. Chests are a mandatory part of the hut. They stored clothes, canvases and other household utensils.

What did they keep in the chests?

The space from the stove to the front wall was intended for the kitchen - kut. The hostess was in charge here, everything was adapted for cooking. At the window, closer to the light, there was a spinning wheel, and next to it there was a cradle - an unsteady one.

A shaky cradle is a hanging cradle. A cot is an ideal place for a newborn to sleep; it is much smaller, more convenient and cozy than a crib, and it creates a feeling of safety and comfort. Silent and smooth rocking reminds the baby of sensations familiar before birth. This is how children fell asleep for many centuries in a row.

A) Cradle

B) Cradle

D) Crib

The most ancient device for lighting a hut is considered to be a “fireplace” - a small depression, a niche in the very corner of the stove. A burning splinter was placed in the fireplace; a well-dried splinter gave a bright and even light. A splinter was a thin sliver of birch, pine, aspen, oak, ash, and maple. A little later, lighting appeared with a torch inserted into the “Svetets”. And to catch the falling embers, they placed a trough of water under the light. On major holidays, expensive and rare candles were lit in the hut to provide full light.

A) Flashlight

B) Candle

B) Light bulb

D) Svetets

There are embroidered white towels on the walls; the floor is a table, the benches have been scraped; on the beds there are lace frills - valances; The frames of the icons are polished to a shine...

For good owners, everything in the hut was sparkling clean.

Review questions:

• Why do people decorate their homes?
• What can the decor of a peasant hut tell you about?
• Name the elements of the hut
• Which corner was the spiritual center of the house and what events could take place here?
• What role did the stove play in the life of a peasant family?

On long winter evenings they cut bowls and spoons, hammered ladles, wove, embroidered, wove bast shoes, tues, and baskets.

Almost everything in the hut was done by hand.

Target: To form in students figurative ideas about the organization, the wise arrangement by a person of the internal space of a hut.

Visual range: Drawings of the interior of a peasant home; reproductions; ICT presentation

Literary series: L. May “In a low light ...”, V. Belov - a statement about the Russian stove, children's books with illustrations of a Russian hut.

Organizing time

Preparing for the lesson. Set up for the lesson.

Updating of reference knowledge

What principles were used to decorate the appearance of a peasant hut?

Why did people decorate their homes?

Formation of new knowledge

(On the screen there is an image of a hut, frame No. 5) Russian hut... We have already met with it more than once in our lessons, and we return to this image again. Man, feeling unprotected from cosmic forces and elements, sought to create his own world, his own home - kind and cozy. We are already familiar with the pattern of the decorative elements of the hut, its design: the pediment of the hut is the forehead, the front part is the face, the windows are the eyes. The log hut is a model of the world - a combination of three cosmic elements - sky, earth and the underworld.

Verb, purse and timber
The house was built with a carved porch
With deliberate masculine taste
And each with their own face.

V. Fedotov

But let's, guys, mentally enter a peasant's home ( an image of the interior of the hut appears on the screen, frame No. 6)

In a low room with a casement window
The lamp glows in the twilight of the night:
The weak light will completely freeze,
It will shower the walls with trembling light.
The new light is neatly tidied up:
The window curtain turns white in the darkness;
The floor is planed smooth; the ceiling is level;
The stove collapsed into a corner.
On the walls there are installations with grandfather’s goods,
A narrow bench covered with a carpet,
Painted hoop with an extendable chair
And the bed is carved with a colored canopy.

Here there is the same order that is observed in nature, everything is like in nature - harmonious and perfect.

The ceiling is the sky, the floor is the earth, the underground is the underworld, the windows are light.

(Frame No. 7) Ceiling associated in popular ideas with the sky; matitsa (middle beam supporting a wooden ceiling) personified the Milky Way. Path in the sky.

(Frame No. 8) There were half-shoulders under the ceiling, with peasant utensils on them. The dishes were usually wooden or clay. And near the stove they reinforced a wooden flooring - a floor. They slept on the floors.

(Frame No. 9) Almost every hut had a loom - red, on which women weaved.

(Frame No. 10) For newborns, an elegant cradle was hung from the ceiling of the hut. The cradle was secured on a flexible pole to the mother.

(Frame No. 11 ) Floor – land; homespun rugs - paths sent in the direction from the door to the front windows - were a figurative expression of the idea of ​​a path-road.

Underground symbolized the lower, underground world.

(Frame No. 12) Window-eye – connection with the big world, white light. The house looked at the world through windows - eyes; it connected the world of home life with the outside world.

To illuminate the hut in the evening, a torch or kerosene lamp was used. A kerosene lamp was hung from the ceiling or placed on a table.

A simple peasant house consisted of one large room, conventionally divided into two main centers - spiritual and material.

Under material center we understand the world of objects intended for our body, health, well-being. In a peasant house, the source of all this was the OVEN - a nurse, a protector from the cold, a healer from diseases. It is no coincidence that the stove is a common character often found in Russian fairy tales.

Name fairy tales where the stove is an active character.

(“At the command of the pike”, “Geese-swans”)

(Frame No. 13) “What is in the oven is all on the table,” says the Russian proverb. What is there in it? What can you “throw” on the table? Coals and firebrands, or what? This question can only be asked by a person who has never seen a Russian stove - a heating structure that has been popular on Russian soil since the beginning of the 15th century. This stove serves not only to heat the home, but also for cooking. You can use it to dry food for future use – mushrooms, for example (and you can also dry felt boots after a winter walk). It was possible to “warm the bones” of old people on the stove - for this purpose it was equipped with a couch. You could even wash yourself in the stove. Pay attention to individual details and the shape of the stove. In front of the mouth of the furnace there was a hearth on which the cast iron pots were placed. Small depressions in the walls of the oven were used for drying splinters or, in winter, for drying mittens. Under the hearth, at the bottom of the stove, you can see a recess for storing firewood.

The furnace of the furnace (the vaulted cooking chamber) could be heated to 200 degrees, and this is a very high temperature - after all, water already boils at 100 degrees. Bakers know that this is exactly the temperature required to bake bread. Experts in Russian cuisine will add that a heated crucible retains heat for hours - which means you can “drown” milk in it, cook crumbly porridges, cook roasts. The taste of food cooked in a Russian oven is not forgotten.

(Frame No. 14) Near the mouth of the furnace there are iron grips, which are used to place cast iron in the furnace and take it out of the furnace. There is also a poker and a shovel for baking bread nearby.

(Frame No. 15) Listen, guys, how powerfully, wisely, and deeply in Russian, the writer V. Belov, an expert on peasant life, wrote about the stove: “The stove fed, watered, treated and consoled, sometimes babies were born on it, and when a person became decrepit, it helped to withstand the brief death throes with dignity and calm down forever. A stove was needed at any age, in any condition, position. It cooled down along with the death of the entire family or house... The warmth that the stove breathed was akin to spiritual warmth.”

(Frame No. 16) Red corner (front, large, holy) – facing southeast. The east was associated with the idea of ​​paradise, blissful happiness, life-giving light and hope; they turned to the east with prayers, spells, and incantations. The epithet “red” has a lot to do with it. Remember, the girl is beautiful...Red bench, red windows, red corner.

Red means beautiful, main. In the red corner there was a shrine, decorated with dry medicinal herbs and, on holidays, snow-white towels with embroidery and lace. The red corner represented the dawn. In this part of the hut, important events in the life of the family took place; the most dear guests were seated in the red corner, on a red bench at the table.

(Frame No. 17) A simple peasant hut, and how much wisdom and meaning it has absorbed! The interior of the hut is as high art as anything created by the talented Russian people.

Let's look at the image of a village hut from photographs and paintings by artists.

Draw a fragment of the interior of the hut with the main objects.

Sequence of images of a peasant interior:

1. Options for the compositional solution of a peasant interior: image of the corner of the front wall with two adjacent side walls. (Frame No. 18)

2. fit into the interior (optional) a stove, bench, etc.

3. execution in color (practice the “log” stroke, making furnishings and household items)

Lesson summary

Analysis of student work.

Homework: Select illustrations of peasant household items.

Addition

Presentation on the topic of the lesson “The inner world of a Russian hut” -

Class: 5

Presentation for the lesson

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Class– 5 general education

The purpose of the lesson:(Slide 2)

• development of creative and cognitive activity;
• formation of practical skills to work in a small team (group);
• formation of the concept of the unity of benefit and beauty in the interior of a home and household items;
• nurturing love for the Motherland and folk culture.

Lesson type – lesson on developing skills and abilities.

Equipment and materials

For the teacher: (visual)

• illustrations depicting elements of the Russian stove, “red corner”, “upper room”, “stove corner”, household utensils;
• examples of peasant home interiors;
• multimedia projector (presentation).

Literary range: poems, fairy tales.

Musical range: folk melodies, Russian folk songs.

For students (art materials) - gouache, paper (white and colored), glue, scissors, cardboard box, various materials.

Lesson Plan 1

1. A conversation about the interior decoration of a Russian hut.
2. Setting an artistic task.
3. Independent selection of materials for work.

Lesson Plan 2

1. Formation of groups.
2. Setting up an artistic task to create a model of the interior of a Russian hut.
3. Work in small groups.
4. Summarizing.

During the classes

Organizing time.

Children sit at desks, divided into 4 groups. Russian folk music sounds. The teacher reads poetry against the background of music. (Slide 3)

Here's a Russian hut...
In the center there is a table, a stove, an image,
The cradle is nursing the baby,
A samovar and an iron, a large chest against the wall.

Teacher's conversation.

What do you think will be discussed in class today? (about the inner world of the hut).

The title RUSSIAN IZBA appears. (Slide 4)

Imagine that we are in a real Russian hut. Let's consider the inner world of a Russian hut.

How much interesting and wise things the Russian hut has “absorbed”! The inner world of a Russian house was special and unique. The household items that filled it played a certain role in people's lives.

The peasant's dwelling consisted of a cage, a hut, a passage, an upper room, a basement and a closet. The main living space is a hut with a Russian stove. (Slide 5)

The hut in Rus' began with a porch, which “invited” guests to enter the house. (Slide 6) Every house necessarily had a shop. The benches and benches were different from each other. The bench was most often located along the wall and stood motionless. (slide 7)

The bench had legs and could be easily moved. If the owner of the house seated a guest on a bench, this was regarded as a sign of respect from the family. This way the guest could judge the host’s attitude towards him.

The white old woman sits in one place,
You can’t move it from corner to corner and you can’t pull it out of the hut (stove). (Slide 8, 9)

What rituals and customs were associated with the stove in Rus'? (slide 10)

It was believed that a brownie lived behind the stove - the keeper of the hearth. During matchmaking, the bride was traditionally hidden behind the stove.

Indeed, the stove is the soul of a peasant house. She is a nurse, a water provider, and a body warmer. Without a stove there is no hut.

Over time, the Russian stove acquired a lot of convenient devices. For example, a pole-shelf in front of the mouth of the stove, on which the housewife could keep cooked food warm. (slide 11) The stove was usually placed in the corner to the right or left of the entrance. The corner opposite the mouth of the stove was considered the housewife's workplace. (Slide 12) Everything here was adapted for cooking. At the stove there was a poker, a grip, a broom, and a wooden shovel. Next to the stove there was always a towel and a washstand - an earthenware jug with two drain spouts on the sides. Underneath there was a wooden basin for dirty water. On the shelves along the walls there were peasant utensils: pots, ladles, cups, bowls, spoons. As a rule, they were made from wood by the owner of the house himself.

The place of honor in the hut - the “red corner” - was located diagonally from the stove, in the far corner of the room, so that the icons were the first thing anyone saw. Entering the room, the Christian, first of all, crossed himself in front of the images and bowed to God, and only then greeted the owner. (Slide 13, 14)

The red corner was always kept clean, and sometimes decorated with embroidered towels. The most dear guests were seated in the red corner, and during the wedding - young people. According to tradition, on the wedding day the bride was taken to the wedding from the red corner.

There was little furniture in the hut - a table, benches, chests, dish shelves - that's probably all. (The wardrobes, chairs, and beds familiar to us appeared in the village only in the 19th century) (slide 15)

The main piece of furniture in the hut was the dining table. He stood in the red corner. (slide 16) On ordinary days, the head of the family sat at the dinner table. Each family member knew his place. The owner of the house sat under the icons during a family meal. His eldest son was located on the right hand of his father, the second son on the left, the third next to his elder brother. Children under marriageable age were seated on a bench running from the front corner along the facade. Women ate while sitting on side benches or stools. It was not supposed to violate the established order in the house unless absolutely necessary. The person who violated them could be severely punished. On weekdays the hut looked quite modest. There was nothing superfluous in it: the table stood without a tablecloth, the walls without decorations. Everyday utensils were placed in the stove corner and on the shelves. On a holiday, the hut was transformed: the table was moved to the middle, covered with a tablecloth, and festive utensils, previously stored in cages, were displayed on the shelves.

Peasants kept their clothes in chests. The greater the wealth in the family, the more chests there are in the hut. They were made of wood and lined with iron strips for strength. Often chests had ingenious mortise locks. If a girl grew up in a peasant family, then from an early age her dowry was collected in a separate chest. (slide 17, 18)

Benches, benches, and chests with flat lids were used for sleeping. Hanging cradles, wobbly cradles or cradles were intended for infants, which were decorated with carvings, paintings, and figured cutouts in the boards. Each family had its own lucky cradle, and if it didn’t already exist, it was made with prayers and love. And then it was passed on from generation to generation: as soon as the baby grew up, he gave way to the newborn. (Slide 19, 20)

The decoration of the peasant hut was unusually harmonious. The interior of the hut is as beautiful a creation as anything the peasant created.

Creative task.

Now let's see what illustrations you brought. Using them, come up with your own composition for the interior of the hut.

In the second lesson, students, in a box prepared in advance for the model (2 walls are removed in the box and a corner composition is made), using different materials, create a model of the interior decoration of a Russian hut, household items and labor items.

Summing up the lesson.

Students demonstrate their work. You can place brought toys into the interior, which will act as residents.