War and peace is a short entertainment for secular youth. Entertainment for secular youth - evening at Dolokhov's. Question: Pierre loves Natasha more than Andrey

Homework.

1. Retelling of the lecture and textbook materials p. 240-245.

2. Choose a topic for an essay on the novel “War and Peace”:

a) Why can Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky be called the best people of their time?

b) “The Club of the People’s War.”

c) The real heroes of 1812

d) Court and military “drones”.

e) Favorite heroine of L. Tolstoy.

f) What do Tolstoy’s favorite heroes see as the meaning of life?

g) Spiritual evolution of Natasha Rostova.

h) The role of a portrait in creating an image - a character.

i) The character’s speech as a means of characterizing him in the novel.

j) Landscape in the novel “War and Peace”.

k) The theme of true and false patriotism in the novel.

l) Mastery of psychological analysis in the novel “War and Peace” (using the example of one of the characters).

3. Prepare for the conversation on Volume I, Part 1.

a) Salon of A.P. Scherer. What are the hostess and the visitors of her salon like (their relationships, interests, views on politics, behavior, Tolstoy’s attitude towards them)?

b) P. Bezukhov (chap. 2-6, 12-13, 18-25) and A. Bolkonsky 9th chapter. 3-60 at the beginning of the path and ideological quest.

c) Entertainment for secular youth (evening at Dolokhov’s, chapter 6).

d) The Rostov family (characters, atmosphere, interests), chapters 7-11, 14-17.

e) Bald Mountains, the estate of General N.A. Bolkonsky (character, interests, activities, family relationships, war), ch. 22-25.

f) What is different and common in the behavior of people at the Rostovs’ name day and in the house in Bald Mountains compared to the Scherer salon?

“Family Thought” in the novel “War and Peace.” Spiritual quests of Bolkonsky, Bezukhov. Female images in the novel.

Target: show the tearing off of all and every mask from high society society; reveal the conflict between A. Bolkonsky and P. Bezukhov with this society; analyze scenes from the life of Moscow high society (the history of the struggle for the inheritance of Count Bezukhov).

Equipment: printed materials, cards, film “War and Peace” (fragments), can be used before or after analyzing the episodes.

During the classes

I. Test work according to options involving printed material (for each student).

L. N. Tolstoy devoted seven years (1863-1869) to the novel “War and Peace,” in his own words, “of incessant and exceptional labor, under the best living conditions.” Almost all autographs of the novel have survived to this day. They amount to more than five thousand sheets, mostly filled in on both sides.

“I started a novel about 4 months ago, the hero of which should be the returning Decembrist. ... My Decembrist should be an enthusiast, a mystic, a Christian, returning to Russia in 56 with his wife, son and daughter and trying on his strict and somewhat ideal view of the new Russia.”

So, the main creative impulse, the result of which was “War and Peace,” was the artist’s thought about his modernity. But in the novel about the Decembrist, only the first chapters were written. Tolstoy spoke about the further development of the original plan in one of the rough drafts of the preface to the novel “War and Peace.”

“In 1856, I began to write a story with a well-known direction, the hero of which should be a Decembrist returning with his family to Russia. Involuntarily, I moved from the present to 1825, the era of my hero’s errors and misfortunes, and left what I started. But even in 1825, my hero was already a mature family man. To understand him, I needed to be transported to his youth, and his youth coincided with the glorious era of 1812 for Russia. Another time I abandoned what I had started and began to write from the time of 1812, the smell and sound of which are still audible and dear to us, but which now it is so distant from us that we can think about it calmly. But the third time I left what I had started, but not because I needed to describe the first youth of my hero, on the contrary: between those semi-historical, semi-public, semi-fictional great characters of the great era, the personality of my hero receded into the background, and into the foreground became, with equal interest for me, both young and old people, and men and women of that time. For the third time I returned back with a feeling that may seem strange to most readers, but which, I hope, will be understood by those whose opinions I value; I did this out of a feeling similar to shyness and which I cannot define in one word. I was ashamed to write about our triumph in the fight against Bonaparte’s France without describing our failures and our shame. Who has not experienced that hidden but unpleasant feeling of shyness and distrust when reading patriotic works about the 12th year? If the reason for our triumph was not accidental, but lay in the essence of the character of the Russian people and troops, then this character should have been expressed even more clearly in the era of failures and defeats.

So, having returned from 1856 to 1805, from now on I intend to take not one, but many of my heroines and heroes through the historical events of 1805, 1807, 1812, 1825 and 1856.”

L. N. Tolstoy. Sketches of the preface to War and Peace, 1867.

“At the time of the birth of the “book about the past,” it was no coincidence that Tolstoy was captivated by Herder’s ideas that the ends and beginnings of human existence extend far beyond the boundaries of his own earthly existence. Tolstoy could not talk about the repetition of certain phenomena in the course of history, but about the living commonality between the entire past and present, about the countless number of their intertwinings and mutual transitions. This is how the relationship between the beginning of the century and the time of the book’s creation developed in “War and Peace.”

J. S. Bilinkis. "War and Peace", 1986.

Exercise.

1. What issues of social life were relevant in the 60s (based on the works of A. N. Ostrovsky, I. S. Turgenev, F. M. Dostoevsky, already known to you from this time)?

2. How did Tolstoy’s plan change? Did the transfer of the novel's action to the era of 1812 mean that the writer had left the times?

3. In the diary of the writer M. Prishvin there is the following entry: “The secret modernity of a story about non-modern things is, perhaps, the touchstone of true creativity.” Did you feel the secret modernity of the novel “War and Peace” while reading it on your own? What is she wearing?

Option. The meaning of the title of the novel and its characters

"L. N. Tolstoy began publishing the novel “War and Peace” even before completing work on it. In 1865-1866 a version of the first volume entitled “1805” appeared in the magazine “Russian Messenger”. The title “War and Peace” appears, apparently, only at the end of 1866. The words in the title of the novel are ambiguous, and the title includes the entire set of their meanings.

Thus, the concept of “war” in Tolstoy’s narrative means more than just military clashes between warring armies. War is generally hostility, misunderstanding, selfish calculation, separation.

War does not only exist in war. In the ordinary, everyday life of people separated by social and moral barriers, conflicts and clashes are inevitable. Fighting with Prince Vasily for the inheritance of the dying Count Bezukhov, Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya is conducting military operations. Tolstoy deliberately emphasizes this: “She took off her gloves and, in the position she had won, settled down in a chair.” She wins the battle for the mosaic briefcase, which contains the will of the old count. Prince Vasily does not give up and continues the war - this time for Pierre himself, along with all his inheritance. The matter is being carried out by completely peaceful and even attractive means - Pierre's marriage to the beautiful Helen. But the whole picture of the fatal “explanation” is in some way very reminiscent of military difficulties, and it is striking that the author talks about the love explanation in the same words as about the war. Just as in war there is a terrible line that separates life from death, friends from enemies, so Pierre, alone with Helen, feels a certain line that he is afraid to cross, crosses and thereby causes his misfortune. Then straight war follows - a duel with Dolokhov, more terrible than military action, because the murder could have happened in peaceful life.

Just like “war,” the concept of “peace” is revealed in the epic in a wide variety of meanings. Peace is the life of a people not in a state of war. The world is a peasant gathering that started a riot in Bogucharovo. The world is a “pool”, “nonsense and confusion” of everyday interests, which, unlike abusive life, so prevent Nikolai Rostov from being a “wonderful person” and so annoy him when he comes on vacation and understands nothing about this “stupid world." The world is the whole people, without distinction of classes, animated by a single feeling of pain for the desecrated fatherland. The world is the immediate environment that a person always carries with him, wherever he is, in war or in peaceful life, like the special “peace” of Tushin, the poetic love world of Natasha or the sadly focused spiritual world of Princess Marya. But the world is the whole world, the Universe; Pierre speaks about him, proving to Prince Andrei the existence of the “kingdom of truth.” Peace is a brotherhood of people, regardless of national and class differences. The world is life.

Such simple words - war and peace - in the title indicate the epic breadth and comprehensiveness of the book."

L. D. Opulskaya. L. N. Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace”, 1987.

Exercise.

Show, based on your impressions after reading the novel yourself, that the words “war” and “peace” in the title are not only key to the artistic content of the novel, but also images rich in many meanings.

Option. Genre and composition of the novel

“...What is “War and Peace”? This is not a novel, still less a poem, even less a historical chronicle. “War and Peace” is what the author wanted and could express in the form in which it was expressed. Such a statement about the author’s disdain for the conventional forms of a prosaic work of art might seem arrogant if it were intentional and if it had no examples. The history of Russian literature since the time of Pushka not only presents many examples of such a deviation from the European form, but does not even provide a single example of the opposite. Starting from Gogol’s “Dead Souls” to Dostoevsky’s “House of the Dead,” in the new period of Russian literature there is not a single artistic prose work that is slightly beyond mediocrity, which would fully fit into the form of a novel, poem or story.”

L. N. Tolstoy. A few words about the book “War and Peace”. 1868.

“The work now proposed comes closest to a novel or story, but it is not a novel, because I cannot and do not know how to put known boundaries on the persons I have invented - such as marriage or death, after which the interest of the story would be destroyed. I couldn’t help but imagine that the death of one person only aroused interest in other people, and marriage seemed mostly like the beginning, not the end of interest. I cannot call my work a story because I do not know how and cannot force my persons to act only for the purpose of proving or clarifying any one thought or series of thoughts.”

L. N. Tolstoy. Drafts of the preface to War and Peace. 1867.

“War and Peace” is one of the few books in world literature of the 19th century to which the title of epic novel is rightfully attached. Events of large historical scale. General life (and not private) form the basis of its content; it reveals the historical process, achieves an unusually wide coverage of Russian life in all its layers, and as a result of this, the number of characters, in particular characters from the people’s environment, is so large; it shows Russian national life.”

L. D. Opulskaya. L. N. Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace. 1987.

Exercise.

1. How is “War and Peace” different from the 19th century novels you know?

2. What are the main features of the epic mentioned in the above materials?

II. Survey and test of knowledge of the text, vol. I, parts 1-3:

Name the main events of volume I, parts 1-3;

What did Marya Dmitrievna give to Natasha Rostova for her birthday? ( yacht earrings with pears);

With whom (adults) did Natasha Rostova dance at her birthday party? ( with Pierre);

From whom did M. Bolkonskaya first learn about Anatoly Kuragin’s upcoming matchmaking with her? ( from Julie's letter).

What caused the dissatisfaction of the regimental commander Bogdanovich Nikolai Rostov?

What wound did N. Rostov receive and in what battle? ( hand, Battle of Shengraben);

Why didn’t Tushin and his battery retreat? ( Didn't receive orders, Zherkov chickened out.)

Did Pierre propose to Helene to marry him? ( Prince Vasily blessed without a proposal);

Why didn’t M. Bolkonskaya accept A. Kuragin’s proposal to marry him? ( I saw A. Kuragin and his companions meeting in the garden).

How the Battle of Austerlitz ended for Prince Andrei ( leads the battalion into battle with a banner, is wounded).

Related information.

An open literature lesson held in group 1 “B”

Topic: “Secular aristocracy and advanced nobility. Contrast as the main artistic device in Leo Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace”

Organizing time
You have the right to determine your attitude towards what will happen now. You can pretend that you are present at the lesson, or you can take part in its organization, which I would really like. So, following our long tradition, I invite you to dialogue:
- dialogue with me;
- dialogue with yourself;
- dialogue with each other
and to a dialogue with Lvov Nikolaevich Tolstoy and his heroes, which we will talk about in class.
Now let me ask you a question that, at first glance, is not related to the topic. Is it difficult to be human? Have you ever had moments in your life when you wanted to be someone other than a person?
(Students' answers)
And here is the opinion of one poet on this matter:(music Melody of Autumn by Chopin )

A man doesn't want to be a flower
Even if the light bee
From it with a skillful proboscis
I took sweets for the future.
The spider magically pulls the thread
The wolf hears all the rustles in the darkness -
A person doesn't want to be anyone
Only a person on earth.
I asked flowers and spiders,
I asked the animals what they were:
Which of you living is ready
To get into our human skin.
Everyone shook their heads in a row:
They say it’s better in a field or a hollow.
It's damn hard, they say,
To be called a man on earth.

What is the difficulty of human existence?
(Students' answers)

The novel “War and Peace” is a hymn to the Russian people, their valor and honor, their selfless perseverance and devotion to their homeland. For the first time in literature, Tolstoy portrayed heroes who think, seek answers to the most complex questions of human existence, and have high intelligence.
Goal setting .

What do you think the lesson will be about, based on the above thoughts and the topic of the lesson? (answers)

Today in the lesson we will talk about human qualities, about how the writer characterizes the life of high society and the middle nobility, about the meaning of life, about the main artistic technique that Tolstoy used in his work - about contrast as the main thing. reception of the novel

There are phrases written on the board that will help you when answering to express your opinion.: (type)

I think, I think it's noticeable that, probably from my point of view, I understand that….

Because... because... despite the fact that... on the one hand... on the other hand... thus...

Have you ever been to a salon? L.N. Tolstoy invites us. Let's try to recognize the heroes.

Poll-quiz “Whose face is this?”

“She rose with the same unchanging smile... with which she entered the living room.”

(Helen)

“The face was clouded with idiocy and invariably expressed self-confident grumpiness.”

(Hippolytus)

“With a grimace marring his handsome face, he turned away...”

(Prince Andrey)

“…bright expression of a flat face.”

(Prince Vasily)

“A restrained smile that constantly played on his face...”

(Anna Pavlovna)

Are these faces or masks? Prove it.

Before us are masks, as their expression does not change during the evening. L. Tolstoy conveys this with the help of the epithets “unchanging”, “unchanging”, “constantly”.

You were divided into groups in advance, each group member had his own homework

1 group . Evening at the Scherer salon.

Card No. 1B social status

characters and their relationship to each other.

Card No. 1B Topics of conversation: how interesting they are to those talking

Watch the beginning of the movie.

We hear the heroes, and they speak French. Doesn't it bother you that there is a war with Napoleon, and in St. Petersburg the highest nobility speaks French?

Why does L. Tolstoy introduce French speech?

This was the way it was accepted. Knowledge of French was mandatory for a nobleman.

So, we have educated people before us. We can assume that in French we will hear philosophical thoughts about life, witty remarks, interesting conversations

What are we talking about?

Role-playing reading of dialogue (in Russian).

This is the birth of gossip about Hippolyte the womanizer, about his relationship with Princess Bolkonskaya, about the unenviable position of the “officer” of Prince Andrei.

-Prove that this is gossip (a lie).

-Prince Andrei later characterizes his wife as a rare woman with whom you can be calm for your honor.

-She pulled away when Ippolit “forgot” to remove his hands while handing him the shawl.

-She gets into the carriage, not paying attention to Hippolyte’s cries .

Well, education and knowledge of foreign languages ​​are not always a sign of intelligence, decency, or internal culture. Perhaps L. Tolstoy introduces French speech to show that behind the external gloss of some heroes there is an inner emptiness hidden.

Card no. 1A Pierre's behavior and the mistress's attitude towards him

Card no. 2A highlight the comparisons used by the author, what do they indicate?

We hardly see sincere, living people. The writer talks about the lack of spirituality among most of the guests and the hostess herself. This is the highest light. What is the middle progressive nobility?

Group 2: (also on cards) Pierre Bezukhov visiting Prince Andrei

Card no. 2b Andrey at the evening at Sherer's.Describe the portrait, manner of speaking and behaving in society. What features are expressed in his appearance?

Card no. 2B Liza Bolkonskaya at an evening at Sherer's

Card no. 3B Andrey and Pierre's attitude towards each other(film excerpt)

Card no. 4A Andrey's monologue about Bonoparte. How did you understand it?

Group 3 Entertainment of secular youth:

Dolokhov's behavior

Anatol Kuragin in the characterization of his father, in his behavior at the evening

Fun with a bear and its consequences(film excerpt)

The attitude of Andrei Bolkonsky and Count Rostov to such a pastime

Would you like to continue communicating with such representatives of the aristocracy as Vasily Kuragin, Dolokhov, etc.? No, why? Then we leave the salon.

4 group Name day at the Rostovs

The attitude of Count and Countess Rostov to guests and to each other

Behavior and interests of children in the Rostov house

The atmosphere during the birthday dinner (topic of conversations, how interesting they are to those talking, general atmosphere)(film excerpt)

Group 5 Events in the house of Count Bezukhov

The behavior of Prince Vasily Kuragin, his interests

The behavior of Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya, its reasons

Boris Drubetskoy and Pierre Bezukhov in this situation

Group 6 Bolkonsky family in Bald Mountains

- the old prince's past

- occupations and interests of a local nobleman

- Princess Marya Bolkonskaya

- relationship between father and children

Result: novel pictriple on contrasts. The episodes reviewed show the main layers of Russian society and outline the main storylines that reflect the complexity and diversity of life. The high society is hypocritical and prim, the middle nobility is the complete opposite: hospitable and welcoming, everything here is sincere and humane

Summary (about morality in society)

Reflection:

something I thought about especially seriously while working on the episodes...

I was surprised...

It was especially important for me to understand...

Teacher: Yes, it may take a lifetime to find some answers.

1. Tolstoy depicts high-society receptions, entertainment of secular youth, ceremonial dinners, balls, hunting, Christmas fun of gentlemen and servants.
2. Developed by Razrabotka in the Ready-made lessons section and published on January 17, 2015 You are in: Ready-made lessons > “War and Peace” entertainment for secular youth (evening at Dolokhov’s).
3. And the fun of the “golden youth”, who know very well that their parents Moreover, for Dolokhov there is no sincere friendship.

Students for the lesson. Assignment to option 1. Prepare a retelling of the episode in court on behalf of Troekurov and Dubrovsky according to plan. How did the clerks greet the heroes in court? How do others react to Dubrovsky's sudden madness?

What does Troekurov think about during the trial? What kind of life did young Dubrovsky lead in St. Petersburg? How did your comrades treat Dubrovsky? What did the hero dream about? What character traits are characteristic of Vladimir Dubrovsky?

The relationship between Oblomov and Stolz. Oblomov about secular society, his dreams and ideal of life, the plan of youth, self-criticism.

What don't you like about it? What feelings did the news of his father’s illness awaken in the hero? Review of the performance you watched. Reviews are always subjective and individual. There is no need to retell the plot of the play.

Tell us how the images embodied by the actors corresponded to your ideas about the heroes of the work. You may want to compare the performance you watched with other productions of this work, if you have seen them before. Read the legend. Meeting with an old woman.

And the fun of the “golden youth”, who know very well that their parents. Moreover, for Dolokhov there is no sincere friendship. This position was popular among the youth of the 1810s, who had a sharp Elsewhere he wrote: “Secular people have their own way of thinking, their own. Dolokhov slowly straightened his bent leg and straight, with his light and... Such generally accepted entertainments as required physical training.

In the master's estate. A soldier in the next world. Five centuries, Prometheus, Apples of the Hesperides. Zhukovsky V. A. Svetlana. Pushkin A.S. Terrible revenge. Taras Bulba. Turgenev I. S. Stories from the series “Notes of a Hunter”: Bezhin Meadow, Burmistr, Biryuk.

Tolstoy L. N. Story “Poor People” Korolenko V. G. In a bad society. Dostoevsky F. M.

Boy at Christ's Christmas tree. Lapti. Kuprin A. White poodle. Ballroom pianist. Andreev. Stories “Thick and Thin”, “Joke.

Pantry of the sun. Astafiev V. P. Horse with a pink mane. O. Henry Leader of the Redskins. Gifts of the Magi. Jack London Love of life. Additionally Black Sasha. Diary of Fox Mickey Paustovsky K. G. Disheveled sparrow.

Distant years. The last damn thing. Steel ring. Meshcherskaya side. Electric machine.

Astafiev V.P. Trees grow for everyone. Monk in new pants.

Who killed the corncrake? Zheleznikov V.K. An eccentric from the sixth “B”. Traveler with luggage. Good morning to good people. Scarecrow. Iskander F. The Adventures of Chika.

Bronze bird Bulychev K. The Adventures of Alice. The girl to whom nothing will happen.

Reserve of fairy tales. Kozlik Ivan Ivanovich. A hundred years from now. Girl from the city.

Pristavkin A. A golden cloud spent the night. O. Wilde The Canterville Ghost Jack London White Fang Riordan R. Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief.

Assignment based on the story by N.V. Gogol. The witch collects stars.

Relation to Vakula. Solokha and her guests. The devil stole the month. The devil is happy that Vakula decided to sell his soul out of love for Oksana.

Travel on the line to St. Petersburg. The devil depicted in the portrait of Vakula. Patsyuk. Episode: Vakula and Patsyuk. Textbook on the Russian language - paragraph 9. Read chapters 1. Repeat the concepts.

What charges are brought against Yeshua? How to understand the words of Yeshua: “there are no evil people in the world”? Which passages from the Yershalaim chapters seem most significant to you? What events in the Yershalaim chapters are evidence of Bulgakov’s idea: good cannot be completely destroyed, this is the moral foundation on which any society should be built? Can Professor Preobrazhensky be called a positive hero? Can he be considered an impeccable person? Why are Sharikovs dangerous?

What did the professor mean when he said: “? The history of the creation of the poem. How many parts would you highlight? How do they relate to each other? What do we see, what do we touch? Let's note the key words in the first part of the poem.

Give examples. What role does anaphora play in the first part of the poem? What vocabulary accompanies this appearance? What sound writing techniques are used by the author?). How is the title character of the poem portrayed, are the author given specific features to her?

Prove with examples from the text. What are they pointing to? Why, in this case, does not there arise a feeling of monotony, boring repetition, as is felt in the first part of the poem?

What artistic means help create a feeling of unreality? What does he mean? The lesson will focus on Luke's role in the drama. What is the meaning of using the past tense in the characters’ self-characteristics? Give examples. Which character is opposed to the others?

How does Luke affect night shelters? What do we know about Luke? What does Luke say to each of the inhabitants of the shelter? Bunin? 8. Why did it come only when the heroes separated? What torments the hero the most? What would change if the heroine told the lieutenant her first and last name?

Why does he feel ten years older at the end of the story? Why, of the two definitions of what happened given by the heroine (“sunstroke” and “eclipse”), was the first chosen as the title of the story? Choose one of the statements below and write an essay based on the story by I. A. Bunin. Take a line from a statement as an epigraph or title. Also, the topic of the essay can be called as follows: . Dostoevsky) Man, be a man, for, living madly, you are an ox; indulging in fornication, you are a pig or a mad horse; living treacherously, you are a serpent and an asp; acting recklessly, you are an ass; when you're restless. But the Lord said before your existence, O man: “Let us make man in our image and likeness” (Gen.

Saint John Chrysostom) My life is a reverent and joyful communion of the eternal and temporary, near and far. Bunin) This short life is eternally changing. I will tirelessly console myself with this early sun, the smoke over the village, In the fresh park of leaves slowly falling. And you, familiar old bench. To future poets, unknown to me, God will leave a secret - the memory of me: I will become their dreams, I will become incorporeal, inaccessible to Death, - a wonderful ghost.

In this pink park, in this silence. Bunin for his poem? How does this reflect the author's intent?

What does the author achieve through this? Which verses most clearly emphasize this? How do they reflect the main idea of ​​the poem? What trope is present here and how does this characterize the lyrical hero? Isolate the plot skeleton of the story, identifying the exposition, the plot, the development of the action, the climax and the denouement. What elements of the picture depicted are not motivated by the plot, that is, not connected with it in any way?

Why is the main character deprived of a name? How does the author describe it?

How is society shown in the story? What images in the story have symbolic meaning? I. A. Bunin Stories “Mr. from San Francisco”, “Clean Monday”, “Easy Breathing” A. I. Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet”, “Olesya”, “Duel” M.

Gorky's play "At the Bottom". Yesenin's poem "Anna Snegina" V.

V. Mayakovsky poem “Cloud in Pants” by A. A. Akhmatova “Requiem” M.

A. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”, “Heart of a Dog” M. A. Sholokhov Roman-epic “Quiet Don”, “Don Stories” (“Mole”, “Alien Blood”, “Food Commissar”) A. P. Platonov “Return”, “In a Beautiful and Furious World”, “The Hidden Man”, “At the Dawn of Foggy Youth”B. L. Pasternak. The novel "Doctor Zhivago" by V.

T. Shalamov “Kolyma stories” A. I. Solzhenitsyn “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”, “Matrenin’s Dvor”, “Gulag Archipelago” V. P. Astafiev “Lyudochka”, “Sad Detective” V. V. Bykov “Sotnikov” V. Kondratyev "Sashka" B. Vasiliev “Tomorrow there was war” E.

Zamyatin “We” Yu. V. Trifonov “Exchange” V. M. Shukshin Stories “Freak”, “Cut off”, “Microscope”, “Alyosha Beskonvoyny”, “Letter”, “Sorry, madam!” V. S. Rozov “Forever Alive” A.

Vampilov “Elder Son” A. Pristavkin “The golden cloud spent the night” Ch.

Aitmatov “The Scaffold” Homework on literature for 3. Why did the meeting with P. Karataev return Pierre’s sense of the beauty of the world? The theme of the people's war (part. How does the author explain the causes and significance of partisan warfare. What is the significance of the image of Tikhon Shcherbaty in the novel?

The death of Petya Rostov (part. What words in the text help to clearly imagine the whole scene? What thoughts and feelings does Petya’s death give rise to in the reader? Individual tasks: 4. (To Prozorov L., Derevitskaya N.) Tolstoy about the war 1.

How did Pierre begin to relate to others after returning from captivity? Melnikov S., Putintsev I.) Meeting Pierre with Natasha (part. Determine the ideological and compositional meaning of these chapters in the novel. Prozorova A., Rzaev A.) Re-read the epilogue of the novel. How is the main idea of ​​the novel resolved - about the purpose of man, about how to live?

What two paths do the heroes choose? Re-read chapter 1. Battle of Borodino) and answer the questions. Why does Tolstoy begin his description of the battle by describing its disposition? Why is the battle shown through Pierre's eyes? How did Pierre become convinced of the truth of the old soldier’s words: ? Why Prince Andrey?

Are the words of Prince Andrei fair that the French should be executed? Did Pierre find his place among the soldiers at Raevsky's battery? Is it easy to be Russian in battle? Show this using the example of Prince Andrei's regiment. Heroism and courage of the participants in the battle.

How does the scene with the portrait of his son and the phrase: ? What is the mood in the French camp? How is the true heroism of the people revealed in one of the episodes of the Battle of Borodino - at the Raevsky battery? What meaning does Tolstoy put into words about the moral victory of the Russian army? Image of war 1. I part 2- 3)1. Analysis of the review scene in Braunau (part.

The uselessness and unpreparedness of war. The attitude of Kutuzov and the soldiers towards her. Tolstoy's attitude to war.

His assertion of the senselessness and inhumanity of war. The storyline of Nikolai Rostov, her role (part Description of the Battle of Shengraben. Tolstoy’s cowardice of Zherkov and the staff officer, the ostentatious courage of Dolokhov, the true heroism of Timokhin and Tushin (part Andrey, dreams of? What is the owner and visitors of the salon like (their relationships, interests, views on politics, behavior, Tolstoy’s attitude towards them)?

Which characters and in what sequence does Tolstoy introduce the reader to in the first chapters of the novel? Watch how the author tears off the masks from his heroes. Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky as strangers in A.'s living room. French and Russian in the description of Anna Pavlovna's salon. Name the details that reveal the spiritual closeness of Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky. Ch. 7- 1. 1, 1. 4- 1. Reception of guests by the hosts.

The nature of their conversation.

Questions about the novel "War and Peace" 1.Which of the heroes of the novel "War and Peace" is the bearer of the theory of non-resistance?

2.Which member of the Rostov family in the novel “War and Peace” wanted to give carts for the wounded?
3.What does the author compare the evening in Anna Pavlovna Scherer’s salon in the novel “War and Peace” to?
4.Who is part of the family of Prince Vasily Kuragin in the novel “War and Peace”?
5. Having returned home from captivity, Prince Andrei comes to the idea that “happiness is only the absence of these two evils.” Which ones exactly?

Essay. Depiction of the War of 1812 in the novel War and Peace. according to the plan, supposedly (in the role of critics) 1) introduction (why

called war and peace. Tolstoy’s views on war. (3 sentences approximately)

2) the main part (the main image of the war of 1812, the thoughts of the heroes, war and nature, the participation in the war of the main characters (Rostov, Bezukhov, Bolkonsky), the role of commanders in the war, how the army behaves.

3) conclusion, conclusion.

Please help, I just read it a long time ago, but now I didn’t have time to read it. PLEASE HELP

URGENT!!!

IF ANYONE HAS FORGOT HOW SINQWAIN IS COMPOSED

1) a title in which the keyword is entered

2) 2 adjectives

3) 3 verbs

4) a phrase that carries a certain meaning

5) summary, conclusion

EXAMPLE:

SINQWAIN THROUGHOUT THE NOVEL "WAR AND PEACE"

1. epic novel

2.historical, world

3. convinces, teaches, narrates

4. learned a lot of lessons (me)

5, encyclopedia of life

Help me please! War and Peace! Answer questions about the Battle of Shengraben:

1. Trace the contrast between the behavior of Dolokhov and Timokhin in battle. What is the difference? (Part 2, Ch. 20-21)
2. Tell us about the behavior of officer Zherkov in battle? (Ch. 19)
3. Tell us about the Tushin battery. What is her role in battle? (Ch. 20-21)
4. The name of Prince Andrei is also correlated with the problem of heroism. Do you remember with what thoughts he went to war? How have they changed? (Part 2, Chapter 3, 12, 20-21).

1) Does Leo Tolstoy like the characters presented in the Sherer salon?

2) What is the point of comparing the interior of A.P. Scherer with a spinning workshop (chapter 2)? What words would you use to define the communication between the hostess and her guests? Is it possible to say from them: “they are all different and all the same”? Why?
3) Re-read the portrait description of Ippolit Kuragin (chapter 3). As one of the researchers noted, “his cretinism in the novel is not accidental” (A.A. Saburov “War and Peace of L. Tolstoy”). Why do you think? What is the meaning of the striking similarity between Hippolytus and Helen?
4) What stood out among the guests of the salon were Pierre and A. Bolkonsky? Can it be said that Pierre’s speech in defense of Napoleon and the French Revolution, partly supported by Bolkonsky, creates A.P. in the salon. Sherer situation of “woe from mind” (A.A. Saburov)?
5) Episode “Salon A.P. Scherer” is “linked” (using Tolstoy’s own word, denoting the internal connection of individual paintings) with a description (Chapter 6) of the entertainment of St. Petersburg’s “golden” youth. Her “joint riot” is “salon stiffness topsy-turvy.” Do you agree with this assessment?
6) Episode “Salon A.P. Scherer" is linked by contrast (a characteristic compositional device in the novel) with the episode "Name Day at the Rostovs".
7) And the episode “Salon A.P. Sherer”, and the episode “Name Day at the Rostovs” are in turn linked with chapters depicting the Bolkonsky family nest.
8) Can you name the purposes of different visitors coming to the salon?
9) But at the same time, a foreign element is detected in the cabin. Someone clearly doesn’t want to be a faceless “spindle”? Who is this?
10) What do we learn about Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky, barely crossing the threshold of the salon of Her Majesty's maid of honor A.P. Scherer?
11) Do they belong in a high society living room, judging only by the portraits and demeanor of the characters?
12) Compare the portrait of Pierre and Prince Vasily and their manner of behavior.
13) Name the details that reveal the spiritual closeness of Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky.

^ II. Lecture material.

The novel “War and Peace” is one of the most patriotic works in Russian literature of the 19th century. K. Simonov recalled: “For my generation, who saw the Germans at the gates of Moscow and at the walls of Stalingrad, reading “War and Peace” at that period of our lives became an forever remembered shock, not only aesthetic, but also moral...” It was “War and Peace”. "peace" became during the war years the book that most directly strengthened the spirit of resistance that gripped the country in the face of an enemy invasion... "War and Peace" was the first book that came to our minds then, during the war."

The first reader of the novel, the wife of the writer S.A. Tolstaya, wrote to her husband: “I’m rewriting War and Peace and your novel lifts me up morally, that is, spiritually.”

What can be said about L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” based on the statements heard?
1. The history of the creation of the novel.

Tolstoy worked on the novel War and Peace from 1863 to 1869. The novel demanded from the writer maximum creative output, full exertion of all spiritual forces. During this period, the writer said: “Every day of labor you leave a piece of yourself in the inkwell.”

A story on a modern theme, “The Decembrists,” was originally conceived; only three chapters remain of it. S. A. Tolstaya notes in her diaries that at first L. N. Tolstoy was going to write about the Decembrist who returned from Siberia, and the action of the novel was supposed to begin in 1856 (amnesty of the Decembrists, Alexander II) on the eve of the abolition of serfdom. In the process of work, the writer decided to talk about the uprising of 1825, then pushed back the beginning of the action to 1812 - the time of childhood and youth of the Decembrists. But since the Patriotic War was closely connected with the campaign of 1805-1807. Tolstoy decided to start the novel from this time.

As the plan progressed, there was an intense search for the title of the novel. The original, “Three Times,” soon ceased to correspond to the content, because from 1856 to 1825 Tolstoy moved further and further into the past; Only one time was in the spotlight - 1812. So a different date appeared, and the first chapters of the novel were published in the magazine “Russian Messenger” under the title “1805”. In 1866, a new version emerged, no longer concretely historical, but philosophical: “All’s well that ends well.” And finally, in 1867 - another title where the historical and philosophical formed a certain balance - “War and Peace”.

The writing of the novel was preceded by a huge amount of work on historical materials. The writer used Russian and foreign sources about the War of 1812, carefully studied the archives, Masonic books, acts and manuscripts of the 1810-1820s in the Rumyantsev Museum, read the memoirs of contemporaries, family memoirs of the Tolstoys and Volkonskys, private correspondence from the era of the Patriotic War, met I talked with people who remembered 1812 and wrote down their stories. Having visited and carefully examined the Borodino field, he compiled a map of the location of Russian and French troops. The writer admitted, talking about his work on the novel: “Wherever historical figures speak and act in my story, I did not invent, but used material from which I accumulated and formed a whole library of books during my work” (see diagram in Appendix 1).
2. Historical background and problems of the novel.

The novel "War and Peace" tells about the events that took place during three stages of Russia's struggle with Bonapartist France. Volume 1 describes the events of 1805, when Russia fought in alliance with Austria on its territory; in the 2nd volume - 1806-1811, when Russian troops were in Prussia; Volume 3 - 1812, volume 4 - 1812-1813. Both are dedicated to a broad depiction of the Patriotic War of 1812, which was fought by Russia on its native soil. In the epilogue, the action takes place in 1820. Thus, the action in the novel covers fifteen years.

The basis of the novel is historical military events, artistically translated by the writer. We learn about the war of 1805 against Napoleon, where the Russian army acted in alliance with Austria, about the battles of Schöngraben and Austerlitz, about the war in alliance with Prussia in 1806 and the Peace of Tilsit. Tolstoy depicts the events of the Patriotic War of 1812: the passage of the French army across the Neman, the retreat of the Russians into the interior of the country, the surrender of Smolensk, the appointment of Kutuzov as commander-in-chief, the Battle of Borodino, the council in Fili, the abandonment of Moscow. The writer depicts events that testify to the indestructible power of the national spirit of the Russian people, which suppressed the French invasion: Kutuzov’s flank march, the Battle of Tarutino, the growth of the partisan movement, the collapse of the invading army and the victorious end of the war.

The range of problems in the novel is very wide. It reveals the reasons for the military failures of 1805-1806; the example of Kutuzov and Napoleon shows the role of individuals in military events and in history; pictures of guerrilla warfare are painted with extraordinary artistic expressiveness; reflects the great role of the Russian people, who decided the outcome of the Patriotic War of 1812.

Simultaneously with the historical problems of the era of the Patriotic War of 1812, the novel also reveals current issues of the 60s. 19th century about the role of the nobility in the state, about the personality of a true citizen of the Motherland, about the emancipation of women, etc. Therefore, the novel reflects the most significant phenomena of the political and social life of the country, various ideological movements (Freemasonry, legislative activity of Speransky, the emergence of the Decembrist movement in the country). Tolstoy depicts high-society receptions, entertainment of secular youth, ceremonial dinners, balls, hunting, Christmas fun of gentlemen and servants. Pictures of transformations in the village by Pierre Bezukhov, scenes of the rebellion of Bogucharovsky peasants, episodes of indignation of urban artisans reveal the nature of social relations, village life and city life.

The action takes place either in St. Petersburg, then in Moscow, then in the Bald Mountains and Otradnoye estates. Military events - in Austria and Russia.

Social problems are resolved in connection with one or another group of characters: images of representatives of the masses who saved their homeland from the French invasion, as well as images of Kutuzov and Napoleon. Tolstoy poses the problem of the masses and individuals in history; the images of Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky - the question of the leading figures of the era; with the images of Natasha Rostova, Marya Bolkonskaya, Helen - touches on the women's issue; images of representatives of the court bureaucratic horde - the problem of criticism of rulers.
3. The meaning of the novel's title, characters and composition.

Did the heroes of the novel have prototypes? Tolstoy himself, when asked about this, answered negatively. However, researchers later established that the image of Ilya Andreevich Rostov was written taking into account family legends about the writer’s grandfather. The character of Natasha Rostova was created on the basis of studying the personality of the writer’s sister-in-law Tatyana Andreevna Bers (Kuzminskaya).

Later, many years after Tolstoy’s death, Tatyana Andreevna wrote interesting memoirs about her youth, “My Life at Home and in Yasnaya Polyana.” This book is rightly called “the memoirs of Natasha Rostova.”

In total there are over 550 people in the novel. Without so many heroes, it was not possible to solve the task that Tolstoy himself formulated as follows: “Capture everything,” that is, to give the broadest panorama of Russian life at the beginning of the 19th century (compare with the novels “Fathers and Sons” by Turgenev, “What is to be done? "Chernyshevsky, etc.). The very sphere of communication between the characters in the novel is extremely wide. If we remember Bazarov, then he is mainly given in communication with the Kirsanov brothers and Odintsova. Tolstoy's heroes, be it A. Bolkonsky or P. Bezukhov, are given in communication with dozens of people.

The title of the novel figuratively conveys its meaning.

“Peace” is not only a peaceful life without war, but also that community, that unity to which people should strive.

“War” is not only bloody battles and battles that bring death, but also the separation of people, their enmity. The title of the novel implies its main idea, which was successfully defined by Lunacharsky: “The truth lies in the brotherhood of people, people should not fight each other. And all the characters show how a person approaches or departs from this truth.”

The antithesis contained in the title determines the grouping of images in the novel. Some heroes (Bolkonsky, Rostov, Bezukhov, Kutuzov) are “people of peace” who hate not only war in its literal sense, but also the lies, hypocrisy, and selfishness that divide people. Other heroes (Kuragin, Napoleon, Alexander I) are “people of war” (regardless, of course, of their personal participation in military events, which brings disunity, enmity, selfishness, criminal immorality).

The novel has an abundance of chapters and parts, most of which have plot completeness. Short chapters and many parts allow Tolstoy to move the narrative in time and space and thereby fit hundreds of episodes into one novel.

If in the novels of other writers a large role in the composition of images was played by excursions into the past, unique backstories of the characters, then Tolstoy’s hero always appears in the present tense. The story of their life is given without any temporal completeness. The narrative in the epilogue of the novel ends at the outbreak of a whole series of new conflicts. P. Bezukhov turns out to be a participant in secret Decembrist societies. And N. Rostov is his political antagonist. Essentially, you can start a new novel about these heroes with an epilogue.
4. Genre.

For a long time they could not determine the genre of “War and Peace”. It is known that Tolstoy himself refused to define the genre of his creation and objected to calling it a novel. It's just a book - like the Bible.
“What is “War and Peace”?

This is not a novel, still less a poem, even less a historical chronicle.

“War and Peace” is what the author wanted and could express

in the form in which it was expressed

^ L. N. Tolstoy.
“... This is not a novel at all, not a historical novel, not even a history-

A historical chronicle is a family chronicle... it’s a true story, and a family true story.”

N. Strakhov
“...an original and multifaceted work, “combining

an epic, a historical novel and a right essay.”

I. S. Turgenev
In our time, historians and literary scholars have called “War and Peace” as an “epic novel.”

“Novel” features: plot development, in which there is a beginning, development of action, climax, denouement - for the entire narrative and for each storyline separately; interaction of the environment with the character of the hero, the development of this character.

Signs of an epic - theme (the era of major historical events); ideological content - “the moral unity of the narrator with the people in their heroic activities, patriotism... glorification of life, optimism; complexity of the composition; the author’s desire for a national-historical generalization.”

Some literary scholars define War and Peace as a philosophical and historical novel. But we must remember that history and philosophy in the novel are only components. The novel was not created to recreate history, but as a book about the life of an entire people, a nation, artistic truth was created. Therefore, this is an epic novel.
III. Checking the notes (key points on the questions).
Homework.

1. Retelling of the lecture and textbook materials p. 240-245.

2. Choose a topic for an essay on the novel “War and Peace”:

a) Why can Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky be called the best people of their time?

b) “The Club of the People’s War.”

c) The real heroes of 1812

d) Court and military “drones”.

e) Favorite heroine of L. Tolstoy.

f) What do Tolstoy’s favorite heroes see as the meaning of life?

g) Spiritual evolution of Natasha Rostova.

h) The role of a portrait in creating an image - a character.

i) The character’s speech as a means of characterizing him in the novel.

j) Landscape in the novel “War and Peace”.

k) The theme of true and false patriotism in the novel.

l) Mastery of psychological analysis in the novel “War and Peace” (using the example of one of the characters).

3. Prepare for the conversation on Volume I, Part 1.

a) Salon of A.P. Scherer. What are the hostess and the visitors of her salon like (their relationships, interests, views on politics, behavior, Tolstoy’s attitude towards them)?

b) P. Bezukhov (chap. 2-6, 12-13, 18-25) and A. Bolkonsky 9th chapter. 3-60 at the beginning of the path and ideological quest.

c) Entertainment for secular youth (evening at Dolokhov’s, chapter 6).

d) The Rostov family (characters, atmosphere, interests), chapters 7-11, 14-17.

e) Bald Mountains, the estate of General N.A. Bolkonsky (character, interests, activities, family relationships, war), ch. 22-25.

f) What is different and common in the behavior of people at the Rostovs’ name day and in the house in Bald Mountains compared to the Scherer salon?

5. Individual task. Message “Historical commentary” on the contents of the novel “War and Peace” (Appendix 2).
Annex 1

L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace.” History of creation.

Conclusion:“I tried to write the history of the people.”

1857 - after a meeting with the Decembrists, L.N. Tolstoy conceived a novel about one of them.

1825 - “Involuntarily, I moved from the present to 1825, the era of my hero’s errors and misfortunes.”

1812 - “To understand my hero, I need to travel back to his youth, which coincided with the glorious era of 1812 for Russia.”

1805 - “I was ashamed to write about our triumph without describing our failures and our shame.”

Conclusion: A huge amount of material has accumulated about the historical events of 1805-1856. and the concept of the novel changed. The events of 1812 were at the center, and the Russian people became the hero of the novel.
Appendix 2

Historical commentary to volume I of the novel “War and Peace.”

In the first volume of the epic novel “War and Peace,” the action takes place in 1805.

In 1789, at the time of the French Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte (in his homeland, the island of Corsica, his surname was pronounced Buanaparte) was 20 years old, and he served as a lieutenant in a French regiment.

In 1793, a counter-revolutionary uprising supported by the English fleet occurred in Toulon, a port city on the Mediterranean Sea. The revolutionary army besieged Toulon from land, but could not take it for a long time, until the unknown captain Bonaparte appeared. He laid out his plan for taking the city and carried it out.

This victory made 24-year-old Bonaparte a general, and hundreds of young men began to dream of their Toulon.

Then there were 2 years of disgrace, until 1795 there was a counter-revolutionary uprising against the Convention. They remembered the young, decisive general, called him, and he, with complete fearlessness, shot a huge crowd in the middle of the city from cannons. The following year, he led the French army operating in Italy, walked along the most dangerous road through the Alps, defeated the Italian army in 6 days, and then the selected Austrian troops.

Returning from Italy to Paris, General Bonaparte was greeted as a national hero.

After Italy there was a trip to Egypt and Syria to fight the British on the territory of their colonies, then a triumphant return to France, the destruction of the gains of the French Revolution and the post of first consul (from 1799).

In 1804 he proclaimed himself emperor. And shortly before the coronation he committed another cruelty: he executed the Duke of Enghien, who belonged to the French royal house of Bourbon.

Promoted by the revolution and having destroyed its conquests, he is preparing a war with the main enemy - England.

In England they also made preparations: they managed to conclude an alliance with Russia and Austria, whose combined troops moved west. Instead of landing in England, Napoleon had to meet them halfway.

Russia's military actions against France were caused primarily by the tsarist government's fear of the “revolutionary infection” spreading throughout Europe.

However, under the Austrian fortress of Braunau, an army of forty thousand under the command of Kutuzov was on the verge of disaster due to the defeat of the Austrian troops. Fighting off the advanced units of the enemy, the Russian army began to retreat in the direction of Vienna to join forces coming from Russia.

But French troops entered Vienna before Kutuzov’s army, which faced the threat of destruction. It was then that, fulfilling Kutuzov’s plan, General Bagration’s four-thousandth detachment accomplished a feat near the village of Shengraben: he stood in the way of the French and made it possible for the main forces of the Russian army to escape from the trap.

The efforts of the Russian commanders and the heroic actions of the soldiers ultimately did not bring victory: on December 2, 1805, in the battle of Austerlitz, the Russian army was defeated.