Remember the works of music, literature and art known to you, embodying the lyric. What kinds of art are there? Famous works of various types of art where at the same time

Art emerged almost immediately after the emergence of humanity, and many of the greatest works in painting, sculpture and other fields of art have been created over the centuries. Which of them is considered the best is a very controversial issue, because even experts disagree on this matter. Today we will try to compile a list of the ten most famous works of art of all time.

10 PHOTOS

1. "Starry Night" by Van Gogh.

Painting by Dutch artist Vincent Van Gogh in 1889. The inspiration for this piece of art was the night sky, which he observed from the window of his room at St Paul's Orphanage.

Prehistoric cave paintings of animals, created about 30 thousand years ago. Chauvet Cave is located in the south of France.

Monolithic stone statues located on Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean. It is believed that the statues were created by the aborigines of the island between 1250 and 1500 AD.

The most famous work of the French sculptor Auguste Rodin, created in 1880.

This painting, painted by Leonardo da Vinci between 1494 and 1498, is a scene of Jesus' last meal with his disciples, described in the biblical Gospel of John.

One of the most famous frescoes by Michelangelo is in the Sistine Chapel of the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. The fresco illustrates the story of the creation of Adam from the biblical book of Genesis.

One of the most famous ancient Greek sculptural works, created sometime between 130 and 100 BC. The marble sculpture was discovered in 1820 on the island of Milos.

The painting by the Italian artist Sandro Botticelli depicts the scene of the appearance of the goddess Venus from the sea. The painting is in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. 10. "Mona Lisa", da Vinci.

A masterpiece by Leonardo da Vinci, created between about 1503 and 1506. The painting is in the Louvre Museum in Paris.

Autumn is a bright orange, mesmerizing with its beauty, time of the year. But, despite the abundance of colors, autumn is recognized as a sad period in the life of every living creature. Activity decreases, animals and birds insulate their nests and burrows. And the person begins to take stock and think about life.

It is autumn that famous artists love to depict in their paintings, and musicians devote whole sonatas and compositions to the lyrical image of autumn sorrow.

Famous pieces of music about autumn

Consider the most touching and memorable pieces of music:

• "Seasons". Concert No. 3 "Autumn" by Antonio Vivaldi;
• "Autumn Melody" by Alexei Rybnikov is an incredibly beautiful and gentle melody to which it is very comfortable to sit wrapped in a warm blanket and look out the window at the autumn rain;
• "Autumn" by the Russian Soviet pianist Georgy Sviridov, who knew how to feel the mood of autumn nature like no other, and therefore created such a melody that will be remembered by more than one generation.

Famous autumn paintings

Drawing autumn is one of the favorite pastimes of both great and budding artists. It is in the fall that you can delve into your inner world, understand yourself and reflect on the canvas a beautiful landscape with a subtle sadness inherent in autumn.

• "Golden Autumn" by Isaac Levitan;
• “Autumn rains. Pushkin "Victor Popkov;
• "Autumn Bouquet" by Ilya Repin;
• "Autumn Song" by Viktor Borisov-Musatov.

It is noticed that in past centuries, artists preferred to paint autumn landscapes, which depicted forests, fields and gardens. But modern artists often paint an autumn city: park benches covered with yellow leaves, lone lamp posts in the rain, couples walking under an umbrella.

In any case, any of these autumn pictures creates a corresponding pleasant-sad mood.

Autumn in literature

Poets and writers of all times and peoples write essays about autumn with pleasure. It is in the fall that significant events often take place in the lives of heroes. The "autumn" works studied at school include the following authors:

• Fyodor Tyutchev "There is in the original autumn ...";
• Ivan Turgenev "Autumn";
• Alexander Blok "The autumn day is high and quiet ...";
• A.S. Pushkin "Autumn morning".

Can this or that work be considered a work of art? Many people ask this question, not only seeing, but also looking at the works of famous artists of the last century. Even famous artists sometimes confuse works of art with interior items. We have selected five interesting books, which clearly explain what contemporary art is, and have written out of them the most interesting quotes about famous works of the 20th century.

Pablo picasso

"Maidens of Avignon", 1907

Material:canvas, oil

Direction:cubism

The painting "Maidens of Avignon" is the first cubist work of Picasso - he depicted the Barcelona prostitutes not realistically, but "disassembled" their bodies and faces into many geometric shapes.

“The poet Guillaume Apollinaire said: 'Picasso examines an object in the same way that a surgeon dissects a corpse.' This is the essence of Cubism: the artist chooses the subject of the image, analyzes and deconstructs it. Why did Picasso choose not to create the elegant and atmospheric figurative works that were so popular with collectors and critics? He was aware of the professional danger that Matisse posed for him. Because after the painting "The Happiness of Existence", presented in 1906, Matisse began to be considered the most interesting young artist of that time. The 1907 Cézanne exhibition inspired Picasso, and he decided to further develop what the famous artist had begun. The painting "Maidens of Avignon" was based on the ideas of Cézanne and became the beginning of a new artistic direction. "

- What are you looking at? The amazing, shocking and sometimes bizarre 150-year history of contemporary art

Kazimir Malevich

"Black square",
1915

Materials:canvas, oil

Direction:suprematism

One of the most discussed works of the 20th century is Malevich's Black Square, which was written in 1915. Despite the fact that the artist gave a theoretical basis for his painting in the manifesto "From Cubism and Futurism to Suprematism", many viewers still question its value, noting that you do not need to be an artist to paint a square.

“By transforming all pictorial elements into geometric shapes and using open colors, Malevich hoped to reach the pinnacle of expressiveness and free painting from any political and social meanings. The Suprematists did not depict the surrounding reality, and tried to avoid any symbols and narratives, and used elements of a simple form - in this way they created a new creative reality. "

- 50 art ideas you need to know about

Marcel Duchamp

Fountain, 1917

Material:urinal

Direction:conceptualism,
dadaism, surrealism

Another most important work of the 20th century is the "Fountain" by Marcel Duchamp, who was the first to get the idea to turn a household item into a work of art - this is how the concept of ready-made appeared.

“He was sure that he had invented a new kind of sculpture: now the artist could choose any object that is produced in large quantities and has a known aesthetic value, and, freeing it from its functional purpose (in other words, making it useless), giving it a name and placing it in a new context, turn it into a work of art. "

- WHAT ARE YOU LOOKING AT? AMAZING, SHOCKING AND SOMETIMES STRANGE HISTORY OF CONTEMPORARY ART FOR 150 YEARS

Barnett Newman

Onement I, 1948

Materials:canvas, oil

Direction:abstract expressionism

The first abstract work with a vertical stripe was made by the Russian artist Olga Rozanova - in 1918 her "Green Stripe" was created. However, she was unknown to most Western experts, so such works glorified the American abstractionist Barnett Newman. He, like Rozanov, went further than Malevich and created a work that has no boundaries - a picture, as it were, is a fragment of a large work, which has no background and no depicted object.

“Newman shared the interest of other Abstract Expressionists in ancient myths and primitive art. The dividing line in the picture, which was later called "lightning", became the artist's "calling card". Despite the modest size of the painting Onement I (69x41 cm), Newman considered it to be his creative achievement, as he invented a new method that surprised the viewer and moved him emotionally, because the artist managed to overcome the limitations within the painting. "

Richard Hamilton

“So what makes our homes today so different, so attractive?”, 1956

Materials:magazine clippings

Direction:pop Art

It is considered the first painting to be classified as pop art. She was featured in the famous This Is Tomorrow exhibition at London's Whitechapel Gallery in 1956. In addition to Hamilton, young artists took part in it, whose works are classified as op-art (optical art) and pop art.

Dan Flavin

"Monument for V. Tatlin", 1964

Materials:fluorescent lamps
on metal bases

Direction:minimalism

Dan Flavin dedicated his work to the unrealized Monument of the Third International. As Suzy Hodge writes, this is an ironic work, which, on the one hand, is made of ordinary elements (as opposed to Tatlin's unique designs for Monument), and on the other hand, it is temporary (the lamps burn out), which contradicts the nature of monumental architecture.

"Children could have attached fluorescent lamps to the wall, but they would not ask viewers to rethink [this way] several things at once: the functionality of objects, philosophical ideas that first appeared in Russia in 1915, and the gallery space itself."

- Why couldn't your five-year-old

Jeff Koons

Rabbit, 1987

Materials:stainless steel

Direction: neo-pop

One of the most expensive contemporary artists, known for his passion for kitsch, in many ways continues the line of Warhol. His works are created by hands of 135 employees, and the "Factory" of the artist is the whole corporation Jeff Koons LLC.

"Rabbit" Koons is so cold that it seems, was not created by man. This is not just an ideal industrial product, but above all an image of embodied desire. The artist prefers to call his object a chameleon: the reflective material makes the "Rabbit" a sort of postmodern Brancusi, it constantly changes its skin and regenerates itself. He lets the space with the audience inside him. " - Defining contemporary art. 25 years in 200 basic pieces

Mike Kelly

“More hours of love,
how can you compensate
and reckoning for sins ", 1987

Materials:stuffed factory toys on canvas, dried corn, wax candles on wood and metal base

Direction:conceptualism

Contemporary artist Mike Kelly used various techniques to convey his ideas: he made videos, came up with performances and installations. Kelly often used the image of childhood in his works. The artist began to make work from worn-out toys and knitted shawls in the late 1980s.

“Kelly's first work, in which he used soft toys, is of great importance for a number of reasons, but the main one is how many associations and emotions arise in the viewer. Dolls, which were bitten and torn by babies, replace the image of a child. What children do with their inanimate friends is violence without malice. "

- Defining contemporary art.
25 years in 200 basic pieces

Tracey Emin

"My bed", 1998

Materials:mattress, bed linen, various objects

Direction:Young British Artists

With her works, Tracey Emin literally turns the soul in front of the viewer. Her most famous work - "My Bed" - is a document of the artist's long depression. Bottles of vodka, cigarette packs, photographs and a soft toy: everything remained untouched, exactly as it was in the saddest days of Emin.

“Many children leave their beds unmade and throw things around the room, but if you look closely at this installation by Tracey Emin, it becomes clear that the bed belongs to an adult. When this work was first shown, tapes, appliques, videos and photographs were hung on the walls around the work - all of which showed that the author was experiencing personal trauma, as well as fear and helplessness. "

Visual arts

Painting

Monumental painting, presented in the form of mosaics and frescoes, also refers to a very ancient form of art.

Easel painting includes paintings of various genres, which are painted on canvas, paper using oil paint.

Painting genres include:

• Portrait
• Historical genre
• Mythological genre
• Battle genre
• Household genre
• Landscape
• Marina
• Still life
• Animalistic genre

1. Graphics and its types

   • Engraving- a drawing applied to a flat surface of a material, covered with paint for printing on paper. Engraving materials include: metal (steel, zinc, copper), wood, plastic, cardboard.
   • Print Is a print from an engraving board, which is an easel work of artistic graphics. Prints include engraving, lithography, silk-screen printing, monotype.
   • Book graphics - included in the design of the book, is its decorative design, illustration.
   • Ex-libris- a sign that indicates the owner of the book. The mark is located on the inside of the binding or cover.
   • Poster- an image aimed at attracting everyone's attention, which is created for educational or campaign purposes.
   • Linocut- engraving on linoleum.
   • Woodcut- woodcut.
   • Etching- metallic appearance of the engraving.
   • Computer graphics- images compiled on a computer, dynamically or static.

2. Sculpture

   Definition 2

   An art form that originated in antiquity. The found sculptures consisted of clay, wood, stone and depicted people and animals, quite similar to the originals.

   The sculpture is divided into a round one, which spreads in space and on the relief, in the form of volumetric images on a plane. Both in painting and in sculpture there are easel and monumental forms.

   Monumental sculpture is intended for streets and squares and for long-term use, therefore, bronze, marble, granite are used for this type of sculpture.

   Easel sculpture includes portraits, small genre groups that are performed in wood, plaster and other materials.

   Arts and crafts

   The main goals of the creators of works of decorative and applied art are $ 2 $:

   • Creating a thing necessary for everyday life
   • Endowing a thing with certain artistic qualities

   Thus, objects and things related to everyday life should serve a person not only for practical purposes, but also decorate his life.

   Today, most of the works of decorative and applied art are mainly an aesthetic function, but this was not always the case.

   The types of arts and crafts include:

   • Batik - hand-painted on fabric.
   • Embroidery
   • Macrame
   • Knitting
   • Beading
   • Lace making
   • Tapestry
   • Ceramics
   • Mosaic
   • Artistic painting on wood, ceramics and metal
   • Stained glass
   • Origami
   • Graffiti

Non-visual arts

1. Architecture

   Definition 3

   Architecture Is the art of designing and building buildings. Architectural structures can be presented in the form of detached buildings, as well as in the form of architectural ensembles. Ensembles can also be formed historically.

   Architecture makes it possible to analyze technical advances and artistic styles from different eras. For example, the Egyptian pyramids, which make it possible to judge the style of that period, the temples of Ancient Greece, Rome, etc.

2. Literature

   In the broadest sense of the word, literature can be considered the entire totality of written texts.

   The types of literature include:

   • Art
   • Prose
   • Memoirs
   • Scientific and popular science
   • Reference
   • Training
   • Technical

   Depending on certain criteria, literary works are classified as one or another genre:

   Criteria.

   • Form - short story, opus, ode, sketch, story, story, play, novel, epic, epic, essay.
   • Content - comedy, tragedy, farce, parody, interlude, drama.
   • Epic genus
   • Lyric genus
   • Dramatic genus

3. Music

   Music is an art form that uses sound and silence, which are organized in time, to embody artistic images.

   Types of music:

   • Classic
   • Popular
   • Non-european
   • Ethnic
   • Variety
   • Vanguard
   • Alternative
   • Instrumental
   • Chamber
   • Sonata
   • Nocturne
   • Prelude

Remark 1

The arts also include:

• Cinema
• Theatre
• Choreography