I belong to a warrior in Japanese characters. Japanese martial arts terms from A to Z 語彙. 武道の用語集 Dictionary of martial arts terms

Bushido (translated as "the way of the warrior") is a samurai code, a set of laws, requirements and rules for the behavior of a real samurai in society, in battle and alone.

This is the philosophy and ethics of the Japanese warrior, which originated from the distant past. Bushido, which originally united the general military laws, thanks to the moral meaning introduced into it and the veneration of the arts in the 12th-13th centuries, as well as the development of the samurai class, merged with it and fully formed in the 16th-17th century as the code of honor of the samurai.

義

Guy - justice. Always be honest in your actions. Believe in the justice not of other people, but in the one that is in you. For a samurai, there is no gradation in the assessment of honor and justice, there is only black or white, truth or falsehood. Every honest person who has a pure soul should not be afraid of the truth.

勇

Yu - courage. Lift yourself above the crowd. To hide in your shell like a turtle means not to live at all. A samurai must have the spirit of a hero. It is very dangerous and risky, but only then life is full. This is not spiritual blindness - the samurai is smart and strong. Replace your fear with respect and caution.

仁

Jin is virtue. Compassion and pity. Intense training makes a samurai fast and strong. He develops strength, which he must use for the common good. If fate does not give him such an opportunity, he finds it himself.

礼

Ray is respect. There is no need for a samurai to be cruel and prove his strength. Even with the most evil enemy, a samurai must be polite. Without this quality, we are nothing more than animals. True inner strength is manifested in conflicts.

誠

Makoto - sincerity. If a samurai says he will do something, he must do it. Nothing in this world can stop him. He must not give a word, must not promise. The mere fact that he said this is already a guarantee of fulfillment. Saying and doing are one and the same. Remarkably, the character consists of "say" (言) and "become" (成), that is, "what you said - did it."

名誉

Mayo is an honor. For a samurai, there is only one judge who can judge his honor, and that is himself. The decisions he makes and executes reflect his true self. You can't hide from yourself!

忠義

Chugi - devotion. The samurai is responsible for his actions, voluntarily taking responsibility for his deeds. He is absolutely devoted and loyal to his superior and is a model for his subordinates. A man's word is his footprints, you can follow him wherever he goes. Watch where you go!

Japanese vocabulary

Bushido, or the Way of the Warrior, is a code of conduct that is reminiscent of the honor code of knights. In battle and everyday life, Japanese samurai warriors observed seven moral principles.

Virtue one: Guy - Justice.

Gi is the ability to make the right decisions without hesitation, act with integrity, and treat everyone as an equal, regardless of their color, race, gender, or age.

Virtue two: Yu - Courage.

Yu - the ability to get out of any situation with honor and confidence.

Third Virtue: Jin - Kindness.

Jin is compassion and generosity. This virtue works in conjunction with the gi and prevents the samurai from exalting himself or bending others to his will.

Virtue Fourth: Ray - Respect.

Ray is courtesy and proper behavior. This virtue prescribes to treat everyone with respect.

Virtue 5: Makoto - Honesty.

Makoto is the ability to be honest with yourself and others. It means doing justice and always trying to do your job the best you can.

Virtue sixth: Meiyo - Nobility.

Nobility is sought with pure intentions. It can only be achieved with the right behavior. Success is a noble goal.

Virtue seventh: Tyungi - Fidelity.

Tyungs are the basis of all virtues; without devotion to the cause and fidelity to others, no one will achieve the goal.

A little about pronunciation

In Japanese words, each syllable is pronounced separately:

Ma-sa-mo-to

Ka-zu-ki

Japanese names and surnames

In Japanese names, the family name usually comes before the given name. In feudal Japan, names reflected the social position of a person and his spiritual principles. The rules of politeness prescribe to add to the surname (or name - in an informal setting) the particle "san", which means "master", "lady". "sama" is added to the names of high-ranking persons. Teachers are addressed by adding "sensei" after the name, but the "Young Samurai" retains the usual European word order. "Kun" and "Tyan" are added to the names of boys and girls, respectively.

abunai- danger

ama- Japanese pearl divers

arigato- Thank you

ashigaru- foot soldiers, samurai of the lower strata

bakemono jutsu- "ghostly" ninja technique

bo- wooden combat staff

bōjutsu- art of owning bo

bokken- wooden sword

bonsai- dwarf tree

budo- Japanese martial arts

bushido- The way of the warrior - the moral code of the samurai

Butoku-den- Palace of Military Virtues

Butsu-den- Buddha Palace

wakizashi- short sword

washi- Japanese paper

gaijin- stranger, stranger (derogatory)

Gambate!- Hold on! Do not give up!

Ganjitsu- New Year's Eve in Japan

geisha- Japanese girl entertaining guests

gi- workout clothes

daimyō- feudal ruler

daisho- two swords, a wakizashi and a katana, traditional samurai weapons

daruma- Japanese traditional roly-poly doll, personifying Bodhidharma - a deity that brings happiness

zabuton- pillow

zazen- meditation

zanshin- constant vigilance, literally: the unsleeping mind

jindo- arrows with blunt wooden tips

zori- straw sandals

zen Literally: concentration, contemplation

juuban- petticoat-pants

"Dim Mak"- Touch of Death

dojo- training room

dokujutsu- the art of poisoning

ikebana- literally: the life of flowers, in traditional Japanese art, the symbolic composition of plants

inro- storage box for small items

in-yo- an ancient samurai prayer, meaning "Light and Darkness"

irezumi- how to apply a tattoo

kagemusha- shadow warrior

kaginawa- rope with trident grappling hook

kakurenbo- Japanese version of hide-and-seek

kakegoe- cry

Kama- sickle-shaped cold weapon

kami- perfume; worship and deification of natural forces and phenomena

kamon- family coat of arms

Kampai!- toast "Let's be healthy!"

kanabo- large oak club with iron spikes

kanji- Chinese characters that are used in Japanese writing

kata- sequence of movements in martial arts

katana- long sword

kati- victory

kati guri- dried chestnuts

kappan- a bloody seal on a document, symbolizing its inviolability

ki- the flow of energy or life force (in China - qi)

kiai- literally: concentrated spirit; used in martial arts in the form of a shout, which helps to concentrate energy on the execution of the technique

kiai jutsu- art of kiai

Kiyosa- equestrian archery competition

kimono

kitty- Japanese art of mounted archery

kissaki- sword point

koan- a Buddhist riddle that promotes the development of intuition

cookie-nage- air throw

kunoichi- female ninja

kenjutsu- sword art

kyujutsu- the art of archery

ma-ay- distance between two opponents

manrique hussars- weapon in the form of a chain with two weighted ends

maekuzuke- a couplet to which a haiku is added

mokuso- meditation

momiji gari- ceremony of admiring the maple leaves

mon- family coat of arms

menpo- protective metal mask, partially or completely covering the face

menuki- an ornament that adorns the hilt of a sword

metsuke- Technique "Looking at a distant mountain"

mugan ryu- School of closed eyes

musya shugyo- warrior's pilgrimage

naginata- a weapon with a long wooden handle and a curved blade at the end

ninjutsu- the secret martial art of the ninja

ninja- hired killer in Japan

ninjato- ninja sword

Niten ichi ryu- School of Unity of Two Heavens

nobori- long rectangular flag of a military unit

nodachi- large two-handed sword

obi- belt

oh goshi- hip throw

omamori- Buddhist amulet that protects the wearer

origami- the art of paper folding

ofuro- bath

randori- big fight, training fight

Ryoanji- Shrine of the Pacified Dragon

ri- Japanese measure of length, approximately 3.93 km

ronin- samurai without master

Ray- bow command

sado- tea way

sayonara- goodbye

sakaki- evergreen tree

sakura- Japanese cherry

sake- rice wine

samurai- japanese warrior

sashimono- a small rectangular flag worn by samurai on the battlefield

sasori- scorpion

satori- enlightenment

saya- scabbard

shogun- literally: the great commander conquering the barbarians

shoji- Japanese sliding door

si- four, or death

shinobi shozoku- ninja clothes

Shishi-no-ma- Palace of Lions

sohei- warrior monk

suko- "claws" that help climb walls

sushi- a dish of raw fish and rice

senryu- Japanese poems

sensei- teacher

sencha- green tea

seoi nage- shoulder throw

seppuku- ritual suicide

shuriken- throwing "asterisk" made of metal

shuryujin- rope weapon with weighted ends

shaku- a measure of length, about 30 cm

tabi- socks with a separate thumb

taijutsu- body art (hand-to-hand combat)

taiko- literally: big drum

Taka-no-ma- Palace of the Falcon

tank- a short Japanese poem containing approximately thirty-one syllables

tanto- knife, dagger

Taryu-jiai- martial arts competitions between schools

tatami- mats that cover the floor

Cho-no-ma- Butterfly Palace

tomoe nage- throw over the head with the emphasis of the foot in the stomach

tonfa- weapon in the form of a stick

tory- defending

torii- Japanese gate

tofu- bean curd

tessen- Japanese fan with a weighted metal rod

tetsu-bishi- metal "hedgehog" with sharp spikes

cha-no-yu- literally: meeting for tea

uke- attacker (partner on whom the technique is practiced)

futon-Japanese bed: a flat mattress that is spread directly on the tatami mat and rolled up in the morning

hajime!- Start!

hai- Yes

haiku- short Japanese poem

hakama- Traditional Japanese clothing

jamon- pattern on the sword; appears as a result of blade hardening

Hanami- cherry blossom viewing festival

hara- center of vital energy

hashi- Food sticks

Hatsuhinode- first sunrise of the year

hibachi- small earthenware brazier

Ho-oh-no-ma- Phoenix Palace

chi sao- "sticky hands" (or "sticky hands")

Yabusame- Ritual equestrian archery

yakatori- pieces of fried chicken on a stick

yame!- stop!

I get a lot of e-mails asking me to translate a certain phrase into Japanese in order to get a tattoo, or help choosing characters, and a lot of requests are related to the theme of the samurai.

We already had a post about how real samurai talk, and this one I will devote to the hieroglyphs that write "Bushido" and the principles of a real samurai. You can read more about the code itself and the samurai on many other sites of interested people. From one of them I took descriptions of the principles.

武士道

Bushido:- consists of the hieroglyphs "warrior", "samurai" and "way".

Note that the "samurai" (士) has a longer upper horizontal stroke than the lower one. If you write it backwards, you get "earth" (土).

7 principles of the samurai

Guy- justice. Always be honest in your actions. Believe in the justice not of other people, but in the one that is in you. For a samurai, there is no gradation in the assessment of honor and justice, there is only black or white, truth or falsehood. Every honest person who has a pure soul should not be afraid of the truth.

YU:- courage. Lift yourself above the crowd. To hide in your shell like a turtle means not to live at all. A samurai must have the spirit of a hero. It is very dangerous and risky, but only then life is full. This is not spiritual blindness, the samurai is smart and strong. Replace your fear with respect and caution.

Jin- virtue. Compassion and pity. Intense training makes a samurai fast and strong. He develops strength, which he must use for the common good. If fate does not give him such an opportunity, he finds it himself.

Ray- respect. There is no need for a samurai to be cruel and prove his strength. Even with the most evil enemy, a samurai must be polite. Without this quality, we are nothing more than animals. True inner strength is manifested in conflicts.

Makoto- sincerity. If a samurai says he will do something, he must do it. Nothing in this world can stop him. He must not give a word, must not promise. The mere fact that he said this is already a guarantee of fulfillment. Saying and doing are one and the same. Remarkably, the character consists of "say" (言) and "become" (成), that is, "what he said, he did."

名誉

Mayo- honour. For a samurai, there is only one judge who can judge his honor, and that is himself. The decisions he makes and executes reflect his true self. You can't hide from yourself!

忠義

Chu:gi- devotion. The samurai is responsible for his actions, voluntarily taking responsibility for his deeds. He is absolutely devoted and loyal to his superior and is a model for his subordinates. A man's word is his footprints, you can follow him wherever he goes. Watch where you go!

For many centuries, Japan was drowning in warriors and civil strife, resulting in a military shogunate, and the Japanese art of war, after Europeans visited it, became known to the whole world. Of course, wartime influenced almost all spheres of Japanese life, and in speech and writing it was impossible to do without special vocabulary. Today we decided to analyze for you a few "militant" hieroglyphs.

Japanese hieroglyphs tattoo. Hieroglyph "warrior"

士 shi (not to be confused with 土 - "earth", where the upper horizontal line is shorter than the lower one). This simple hieroglyph, consisting of only three lines, is, at the same time, very important. It is part of such words as 武士 (bushi) - bushi warrior, 武士道 (bushido:) - bushi warrior way.

In this kanji, the upper horizontal stroke is drawn first, then the vertical one, and the lower horizontal one completes the character. It can also be translated as "noble man" and acquires such a meaning in the words 博士 (hakase) - professor, doctor of science; 学士 (gakushi) - graduate; 名士 (meishi) is a celebrity. And the third meaning is not a meaning at all, but a suffix denoting a person -

同士 (do:shi) - comrade; 力士 (rikishi) - sumo wrestler; 弁護士 (bengoshi) - lawyer; 飛行士(hiko:shi) - pilot.

Japanese hieroglyphs tattoo. Hieroglyph "samurai"

侍 samurai. The very concept of "samurai" comes from the word "serve" and indeed, samurai, in addition to protecting their master, also performed the role of his servants. Samurai are sometimes referred to as 武士, but bushi is a broader concept.

The character for "samurai" consists of three elements: a simplified element for "man" 人　hito, "earth" 土tsuchi, and "protect" 守るmamoru. In fact, it turns out that a samurai is "a person who protects the earth."

Japanese hieroglyphs tattoo. Hieroglyph "strength"

力 chikara. (not to be confused with 刀 - katana, Japanese sword) This character, although simple and consists of only two strokes, is part of many important words in Japanese and means strength both literally and figuratively. The on reading of this kanji is ryoku, riki.

The meaning of "strength" in the literal sense:

体力 (tairyoku) - physical strength

圧力 (atsuryoku) - pressure

人力車 (jinrikishya) - rickshaw

力士 (rikishi) sumo wrestler

強力 (kyou:ryoku) strength, power

The meaning of the kanji "strength" in the meaning of "ability":

能力 (no: ryoku) - ability, skill

There is also the meaning of "effort, effort":

協力 (kyou:ryoku) - cooperation

努力 (doryoku) - effort, effort

Japanese hieroglyphs tattoo. Hieroglyph "dragon"

It would seem that what makes the kanji "dragon" in our list of "martial" characters? Everything is explained very simply - the dragon symbolizes strength and masculinity. One reading ryu:. This character has no additional meanings.

Try to draw one of the Japanese "militant" hieroglyphs yourself and write in the comments if you succeeded.

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HIEROGLYPH "WAR"

WAR, JUST WAR, or rather, WEAPONS

Today we are talking about the character 戦 (war). Rather, it is not quite "War". Today, the main Japanese meaning of the hieroglyph 戦 is to fight, fight, fight (tatakau), and hence the noun tatakai - battle, battle, and, of course, war ... In general, its main meaning expresses only one of the more global problem - war.

First of all, kun reading "tatakai". Let's pay attention to the consonance: atatakay - warm, tatakay - battle. 温かい戦い (atatakai tatakai) - a warm (for us, hot) battle - after that, it is unlikely that anyone will forget kun reading, that is, the Japanese reading of the character 戦.

We will take the on reading "SEN" from the word "War" (senso :), but we will talk about this word some other time, now a play on words: ONSEN - the world-famous hot springs of Japan - 温泉 (onsen). Pay attention, although here "sen" is different (the hieroglyph 泉 is well played out in the Kanja essays), but "he" is the one that is warm (atatakai). What is the "source" here, you ask? And it has absolutely nothing to do with it, but for yourself personally you can easily turn a "hot spring" into a hot battle 温戦 - the same thing turns out to be OH + SEN.

And now the most interesting: graphic images of the hieroglyph 戦. An eloquent picture speaks more than a thousand spoken words :) If it is difficult to remember the hieroglyph 戦, then we will replace the element 単 (TAN simple) with the Teutonic knight from the movie Alexander Nevsky, and the hieroglyph 戈 (KA hoko spear, weapon) with Chelubey from the famous painting by Mikhail Ivanovich Avilov" The duel of Peresvet with Chelubey on the Kulikovo field. Phenomenal coincidence!

Nevertheless, along with the representation of the 単 element as a knight, we strongly recommend that you still remember the basic meaning of the 単 element - simple. The thing is that each of us has met and will meet the word 簡単 (kantan) more than once - simple. Here in it our hieroglyph 単 is visible. By the way, it was after the "knightly-Tatar-Mongolian" interpretation that the hieroglyph 戦 is somehow confidently fixed in memory and the hieroglyph 単: 簡単な戈 (kantan-na hoko) - a simple spear, 簡単な戦 (kantan-na tatakai) - a simple battle .