Yakov pavlov hero of the battle of stalingrad exploits. Sergeant Pavlov - the commander of the impregnable "fortress" in Stalingrad

Know Soviet people that you are the descendants of fearless warriors!
Know, Soviet people, that the blood flows in you great heroes,
Those who gave their lives for the Motherland, without thinking about the benefits!
Know and honor Soviet people the exploits of grandfathers and fathers!

The inconspicuous house of pre-war Stalingrad, which was destined to become one of the symbols of fortitude, heroism, and military exploits, is Pavlov's house.

“... On September 26, a group of scouts of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment under the command of Sergeant Ya. F. Pavlov and a platoon of Lieutenant N.Ye. Zabolotny of the 13th Guards Rifle Division took up defensive positions in 2 residential buildings on 9 January Square. Subsequently, these houses went down in the history of the Battle of Stalingrad as "Pavlov's house" and "Zabolotny's house" ... ".

During the days of the Battle of Stalingrad, the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of Colonel I.P. Elina.

The commander of the 3rd battalion, Captain A.E. Zhukov was ordered to carry out an operation to seize two residential buildings. For this, two groups were created under the command of Sergeant Pavlov and Lieutenant Zabolotny, who successfully coped with the task assigned to them.

The house, captured by the soldiers of Lieutenant Zabolotny, could not withstand the onslaught of the enemy - the advancing German invaders blew up the building together with the Soviet soldiers defending it.

Sergeant Pavlov's group managed to survive, they held out in the Regional Consumer Union House for three days, after which reinforcements under the command of Lieutenant Afanasyev arrived to their aid, delivering ammunition and weapons.

The building of the Regional Consumer Union became one of the most important strongholds in the defense system of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment and the entire 13th Guards Rifle Division….

Before the war, it was a 4-storey residential building for workers of the regional consumer union. It was considered one of the prestigious houses of Stalingrad: it was surrounded by the elite House of Signalers, the House of NKVD workers. Specialists from industrial enterprises and party workers lived in Pavlov's house. Pavlov's house was built in such a way that a straight, flat road to the Volga led from it. This fact played an important role during the Battle of Stalingrad.

In mid-September 1942, during the battles on the square on January 9, Pavlov's house became one of two four-story buildings, which it was decided to turn into strong points, since from here it was possible to observe and fire the part of the city occupied by the enemy to the west up to 1 km, and on north and south - even further. It was for this house that the most fierce battles unfolded.

September 22, 1942 a company of sergeant Yakov Pavlov approached the house and took a foothold in it - only four people remained alive at that time. Soon - on the third day - reinforcements arrived: a machine-gun platoon under the command of Lieutenant I. F. Afanasyev, who, as a senior in rank, led the defense of the house. But, nevertheless, for the gunners, the house was named after the person who was the first to take root in it. So the house became Pavlov's house.

With the help of sappers, the defense of Pavlov's house was improved - the approaches to it were mined, a trench was dug to communicate with the command located in the Mill building, a telephone with the call sign "Mayak" was installed in the basement of the house. The garrison of 25 people held positions for 58 days, repelling endless attacks from significantly superior enemy forces. On Paulus's personal map, this house was marked as a fortress.

“A small group, defending one house, destroyed more enemy soldiers than the Nazis lost in the capture of Paris,” noted Army-62 commander Vasily Chuikov.

Fighters of 10 nationalities defended Pavlov's house - Georgian Masiashvili and Ukrainian Lushchenko, Jew Litsman and Tatar Ramazanov, Abkhaz Sukba and Uzbek Turgunov. So Pavlov's House became a real stronghold of friendship between peoples during the Great Patriotic War. All the heroes were awarded government awards, and Sergeant Ya. F. Pavlov, who was wounded during the assault on the "milk house" and then sent to the hospital, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The second house on the 9 January square was occupied by a platoon of Lieutenant N. Ye. Zabolotny. But at the end of September 1942, German artillery completely destroyed this house, almost the entire platoon and Lieutenant Zabolotny himself died under its ruins.

Pavlov's House:

Defenders of Stalingrad near Pavlov's House

Zabolotny's House:

Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov:

From me.

I think it is important to filter the information from this video, throwing historical lies aside.

TVC is a western broadcasting company operating in the Russian telecommunications space. As always, such structures, telling about the exploits of our grandfathers and grandmothers during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, will certainly add a spoon "Psychological tar" to the historical "A barrel of honey" heroic battles of the Red Army for our great Soviet Motherland.

Remember that any information, even a heroic deed, emotionally negatively colored, leaves a negative impression on a person.

Thus, our psychological enemy gradually convinces us that "The nazis were people too" and it doesn't matter for them that they considered themselves superhuman and us subhuman, with all the ensuing consequences. and for them it is not important that the history of the atrocities of the soldiers of the Red Army is not known, but the atrocities of the Nazis are known to all mankind and presented to the Nuremberg court. Some say that "If we were captured by Hitler, we would now be drinking Bavarian beer and eating Bavarian sausages", and it doesn't matter to them that only Belarusians were killed by the Nazis every fourth that exists, which provides for the disposal (extermination) of excess Slavs and the conversion of the survivors into slaves, "Stalin is as much a tyrant and murderer as Hitler", but they don't care that Stalin defended the multinational Soviet people from destruction and enslavement and that it was Hitler who invaded the territory of the USSR destroying cities, villages, Soviet citizens ... And does anyone know such a case that a Nazi soldier or officer shouting “For Germany! For Hitler! " rushed to the embrasure of the Soviet pillbox, covering his body with a machine gun spewing deadly fire in order to save his colleagues and complete a combat mission? When will we stop believing the lies of Western experts in Psychological Warfare and learn to define a "spoonful of psychological tar" in our historical heroic "barrel of honey"?

After the war, the area where the Pavlov's House, was named the Defense Square. A semicircular colonnade by architect I.E. Fialko was built near Pavlov's house. In front of the house, it was planned to build a monument to the soldier of Stalingrad, but the memory of the soldier's feat was immortalized. In 1965, according to the project of sculptors P.L. Malkova and A.V. Golovanov, on the end wall of the house from the side of the square, a memorial wall-monument was erected in honor of the military feat of the defenders of Stalingrad. The inscription on it reads:

“This house at the end of September 1942 was occupied by Sergeant Pavlov Y. F. and his comrades A. P. Aleksandrov, V. S. Glushchenko, N. Ya. Chernogolov. During September-November 1942 the house was heroically defended by soldiers 3 1st battalion of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 13th Guards Order of Lenin Rifle Division: Aleksandrov A.P., Afanasyev I.F., Bondarenko M.S., Voronov I.V., Glushchenko V.S., Gridin T. I., Dovzhenko P.I., Ivashchenko A.I., Kiselev V.M., Mosiashvili N.G., Murzaev T., Pavlov Ya.F., Ramazanov F. 3., Saraev V.K., Svirin I. T., Sobgaida A. A., Torgunov K., Turdyev M., Khait I. Ya., Chernogolov N. Ya., Chernyshchenko A. N., Shapovalov A. E., Yakimenko G. I. "

Defenders of the Pavlov House:

The data on the number of defenders range from 24 to 31. (About 50 people once claimed the name of the Unknown Soldier who defended the House of Soldiers' Glory.) There were also more than thirty civilians in the basements, some were seriously injured as a result of the fires that broke out. after the attacks of German artillery and bombing. The Pavlov house was defended by servicemen of different nationalities:

№	FULL NAME.	Rank/ position	Armament	Nationality
1 reconnaissance group	Fedotovich	sergeant part-commander	pistol-	Russian
2 reconnaissance group	Glushchenko Sergeyevich	corporal	manual	Ukrainian
3 reconnaissance group	Alexandrov Alexander P.	Red Army soldier	manual	Russian
4 reconnaissance group	Chernogolov Yakovlevich	Red Army soldier	manual	Russian
5 commander garrison	Afanasiev Filippovich	lieutenant garrison commander	heavy	Russian
6 branch mortars	Chernyshenko Nikiforovich	junior lieutenant mortar squad leader	mortar	Russian
7 branch mortars	Gridin Terenty Illarionovich		mortar	Russian
8 machine gun senior sergeant Voronova I.V.	Voronov Vasilevich	Art. sergeant machine gun crew commander	machine gun	Russian
9 machine gun senior sergeant Voronova I.V.	Hight Yakovlevich		pistol-	Jew
10 machine gun senior sergeant Voronova I.V.	Ivaschenko Ivanovich		heavy	Ukrainian
11 machine gun senior sergeant Voronova I.V.	Svirin Timofeevich	Red Army soldier	manual	Russian
12 machine gun senior sergeant Voronova I.V.	Bondarenko	Red Army soldier	manual	Russian
13 machine gun senior sergeant Voronova I.V.	Dovzhenko	Red Army soldier	heavy	Ukrainian
14 branch armor-piercing	Sobgaida	Art. sergeant armor-piercing squad leader	PTR	Ukrainian
15 branch armor-piercing	Ramazanov Faizrahman Zulbukarovich	corporal	PTR	Tatar
16 branch armor-piercing	Yakimenko Gregory Ivanovich	Red Army soldier	PTR	Ukrainian
17 branch armor-piercing	Murzaev	Red Army soldier	PTR	Kazakh
18 branch armor-piercing	Turdyev	Red Army soldier	PTR	Tajik
19 branch armor-piercing	Turgunov Kamolzhon	Red Army soldier	PTR	Uzbek
20 submachine gunner	Kiselev	Red Army soldier	pistol-	Russian
21 submachine gunner	Mosiashvili	Red Army soldier	pistol-	Georgian
22 submachine gunner	Saraev	Red Army soldier	pistol-	Russian
23 submachine gunner	Shapovalov Egorovich	Red Army soldier	pistol-	Russian
24	Khokholov Badmaevich	Red Army soldier sniper	rifle	Kalmyk

Among the defenders of the garrison, who were in the building not constantly, but only periodically, it is worth noting the sergeant's sniper Chekhov Anatoly Ivanovich and medical instructor Ulyanova Maria Stepanovna, which took up arms during the German attacks.

In the memoirs of A.S. Chuyanov, they also appear in the defenders of the house: Stepanoshvili (Georgian), Sukba (Abkhazian). In his book, the spelling of some surnames is also different: Sabgaida (Ukrainian), Murzuev (Kazakh). -1 -2

Rodimtsev with the heroic garrison "Pavlov's House".

Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov(October 4, 1917 - September 28, 1981) - the hero of the Battle of Stalingrad, the commander of a group of fighters, which in the fall of 1942 defended a four-story residential building on Lenin Square (Pavlov's house) in the center of Stalingrad. This house and its defenders have become a symbol of the heroic defense of the city on the Volga. Hero of the Soviet Union (1945).

Yakov Pavlov was born in the village of Krestovaya, finished elementary school, worked in agriculture. In 1938 he was drafted into the Red Army. He met the Great Patriotic War in combat units in the Kovel region, as part of the troops of the South-Western Front.

In 1942, Pavlov was sent to the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 13th Guards Division of General A.I. Rodimtseva. He took part in defensive battles on the outskirts of Stalingrad. In July-August 1942, senior sergeant Ya.F. Pavlov was reorganized in the city of Kamyshin, where he was appointed commander of the machine-gun department of the 7th company. In September 1942 - in the battles for Stalingrad, carried out reconnaissance missions.

In the evening of September 27, 1942, Pavlov received a combat mission from the company commander, Lieutenant Naumov, to reconnoiter the situation in a 4-storey building overlooking the central square of Stalingrad - the 9th January square. This building occupied an important tactical position. With three soldiers (Chernogolov, Glushchenko and Aleksandrov), he knocked the Germans out of the building and completely captured it. Soon the group received reinforcements, ammunition and telephone communications. Together with the platoon of Lieutenant I. Afanasyev, the number of defenders increased to 26 people. It took a long time to dig a trench and evacuate civilians hiding in the basements of the house.

The Germans constantly attacked the building with artillery and aerial bombs. But Pavlov avoided heavy losses and for almost two months did not allow the enemy to break through to the Volga.

On November 19, 1942, the troops of the Stalingrad Front launched a counteroffensive. On November 25, during the attack, Pavlov was wounded in the leg, lay in the hospital, then was the gunner and the commander of the reconnaissance department in the artillery units of the 3rd Ukrainian and 2nd Belorussian fronts, in which he reached Stettin. He was awarded two Orders of the Red Star and many medals.

June 17, 1945 to junior lieutenant Yakov Pavlov was assigned the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (medal number 6775)... Pavlov was demobilized from the ranks of the Soviet Army in August 1946.

After demobilization, he worked in the city of Valdai, Novgorod Region, was the third secretary of the district committee, graduated from the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU. Three times he was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR from the Novgorod region. After the war, he was also awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution.

He repeatedly visited Stalingrad (now Volgograd), met with residents of the city who survived the war and restored it from the ruins. In 1980, Ya. F. Pavlov was awarded the title of "Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Volgograd."

In Veliky Novgorod, in a boarding school named after him for orphans and children left without parental care, there is a Pavlov Museum (Derevyanitsy microdistrict, Beregovaya Street, 44).

Ya.F. Pavlov was buried in the Alley of Heroes of the Western Cemetery of Veliky Novgorod.

Glushchenko Vasily Sergeevich, corporal, member of the reconnaissance group that seized the Pavlov House.

At the end of October 1942, the department of Sergeant Yakov Pavlov was ordered to knock out the enemy who had settled there from the four-story House of Specialists and hold the object until reinforcements arrived. There was a daring fight with a clearly outnumbered enemy. Desperate onslaught and the courage of a handful of Soviet fighters, the Nazis decided that a large unit would attack them. But the attackers were nothing at all: Sergeant Pavlov, privates Aleksandrov, Chernogolov and the Stavropol collective farmer, infantryman Vasily Glushchenko. On the fourth or fifth day, a small reinforcement arrived, and the Pavlov House garrison, which held an unparalleled defense of only one building for 58 days, went down in history of the great battle on the Volga. They stood to death, the enemy did not manage to knock them out of the house-fortress.

After the war, Vasily Glushchenko settled with us in Maryinskaya. On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Victory, the Hero of the Soviet Union Yakov Pavlov himself came to the village to meet with him. Some of the old-timers still remember this. They remember how, straightening his mustache with a light movement, Vasily Sergeevich told:

“There were, however, rarely moments of calm. And then a sort of barking voice could be heard from their German hiding places:

"Rus, give up."

I give them all the strength in response:

“No gaps, fascist bastard! It's not just Russians. If I start to list them all, you will die if you do not listen. "

Indeed, the defenders of the Pavlov House included representatives of many nationalities. Together with the Russians, Ukrainians, Georgians, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Kazakhs, Jews, Tartars fought hand in hand. They were workers before the war, and in the war, in general, they remained essentially the same workers: they fought as they worked.

Until his death, Glushchenko kept a letter from Marshal Vasily Chuikov, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. The illustrious commander, years after the war, personally greeted and thanked the soldier:

“Dear Vasily Sergeevich, friend at the front, hero of the Stalingrad epic! Your feat is written in golden letters in history. HousePavlova, who you bravely defended all 58 days, remained an unsubdued fortress ... Thank you, soldier and comrade in arms. "

This year marks the 115th anniversary of the birth of Vasily Glushchenko. In honor of this date, a memorial evening was held at the Maryinsky House of Culture. The chairman of the Council of Veterans of the village, Lev Sokolov, told the audience, among whom there were many students of the village school, about the Battle of Stalingrad itself. And the history teacher and head of the stanitsa museum Alexander Yaroshenko introduced the biography of our heroic fellow countryman.The guests of the meeting saw the photographs of Vasily Glushchenko, including the front ones.

Ivan Filippovich Afanasiev(1916 - August 17, 1975) - lieutenant, veteran of the Great Patriotic War, participant in the Battle of Stalingrad. He headed the defense of the Pavlov House.

Born in the village of Voronezh, Ust-Labinsky District, Krasnodar Territory. Russian.

October 2, 1942, during street fighting in Stalingrad, lieutenant Ivan Filippovich Afanasiev He led the defense of one of the houses (five days before that, the house was occupied by the reconnaissance group of Sergeant Yakov Pavlov. Later, this house will become known as the Pavlov House. The defense of the house lasted 58 days.

Despite the continuous attacks of the Nazis and bombing from the air, the garrison at home held its object until the start of the general offensive of the Soviet troops.

November 4, 1942 Ivan Filippovich Afanasiev led his soldiers on the offensive across the square on January 9. By 11 o'clock, the guards took possession of one of the houses in the square, repelling four enemy attacks. In this battle, Lieutenant Afanasyev was wounded (with loss of hearing and speech) and was sent to the hospital. On January 17, 1943, in a battle for the factory part of the city, he was again wounded.

By order of the 13th Guards Regiment No.: 17 / n dated: 22.02.1943, the commander of the machine-gun platoon of the 42nd Guards Regiment of the 13th Guards Regiment of the Guards Lieutenant Afanasyev was awarded the Order of the Red Star for the fact that in the battles for the city of Stalingrad near the village of Krasny Oktyabr, together with his platoon, he destroyed about 150 enemy soldiers and officers, destroying 18 soldiers with personal weapon fire, and blocked 4 dugouts, allowing the infantry to conduct a counterattack.

After the Battle of Stalingrad, he took part in the battles on the Oryol-Kursk Bulge, near Kiev, Berlin and ended the war in Prague.

By order of the 111th brigade number: 6 of: 07/23/1943, the commander of the bullet platoon of the rifle company of the 111th tank brigade of the guard, Lieutenant Afanasyev, was awarded the Order of the Red Star for the fact that, while repelling the enemy's counterattack, he destroyed his platoon with fire from heavy machine guns up to 3 enemy platoons, personally suppressing one enemy mortar from a machine gun.

By order of the 111th brigade number: 17 / n of: 01/15/1944, guard lieutenant Afanasyev was awarded the Order of the Red Star for the fact that in the battle for the station of Chenovichi, with the fire of machine guns of his platoons, he destroyed up to 200 enemy soldiers and officers, while Afanasyev himself destroyed about 40 soldiers, replacing the wounded machine gunner.

By order of the 25th tank corps: 9 / n dated: 05/09/1944, the party organizer of the submachine gun battalion of the 111th brigade of guards, Lieutenant Afanasyev, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree for the dedication and courage shown during the performance of his direct duties as a party organizer directed to maintain the morale of the battalion soldiers.

By order of the 173 ATRB of the 25th Panzer Division, Senior Lieutenant Afanasyev was awarded the medal "For the Liberation of Prague".

By order of the commander of the 25th Panzer Division, Senior Lieutenant Afanasyev was awarded the medal "For the capture of Berlin."

By order of the 230th gas station of the 53rd Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front No.: 3/1074 dated: 07.10.1946, Senior Lieutenant Afanasyev was awarded the medal "For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."

As a result of a concussion received during the war in 1951, Ivan Afanasyev lost his sight, which was partially restored after operations.

Afanasyev settled in Stalingrad after the war. Despite his vision problems, he managed to write a memoir, as well as to correspond with other defenders of the Pavlov House.

10/15/1967, at the opening of the monument to the ensemble on the Mamayev Kurgan, together with Konstantin Nedorubov, he accompanied a torch with eternal flame from the Square of the Fallen Fighters to Mamayev Kurgan. And in 1970, together with Konstantin Nedorubov and Vasily Zaitsev, he laid a capsule with a message to descendants (which will be opened on May 9, 2045, on the day of the centenary of Victory).

Died Ivan Filippovich Afanasiev August 17, 1975, and was buried in the central cemetery of Volgograd. However, in his will he indicated that he would like to rest with other soldiers on the Mamayev Kurgan. In 2013 he was reburied at the memorial cemetery of the Mamayev Kurgan. A memorial plate is installed on his grave.

Alexey Chernyshenko participant in the defense of the Pavlov House and commanded the mortar squad.Junior Lieutenant Alexei Nikiforovich Chernyshenko was born and lived in the village of Shipunovo, Altai Territory, and from there in 1941 at the age of 18 he was drafted into the ranks of the Red Army and went to the front.

Alexei Nikiforovich Chernyshenko died in 1942 a heroic death in one of the battles for Stalingrad and was buried in a mass grave in the city of Stalingrad.

Sergeant Khait Idel Yakovlevich was born in the village of Khashchevate, Odessa region in 1914. Was called up to the ranks of the Red Army Gayvoronsky RVK. Red Army soldier, shooter, 273 joint venture, 270 rifle division.

Khait Idel Yakovlevich heroically died on 11/25/1942 on the last 58th day of the defense of “Pavlov's house” in Stalingrad.

Khait Idel Yakovlevich was buried in a mass grave near the Volga, not far from Gerhart's mill, located next to Pavlov's house in the city of Stalingrad.

Red Army soldier of the Red Army Ivan Timofeevich Svirin... The war tore Ivan Timofeevich away from his peaceful profession. Before the war, he worked on a collective farm with. Mikhailovka of the Kharabalinsky district. From there he went to the front. A wife and four children remained at home.

As it becomes clear from the documents, Ivan Timofeevich was a machine gunner in the garrison of "Pavlov's House". He, along with everyone, repulsed enemy attacks, went to the command post of a rifle company with combat reports, equipped positions for firing points, stood at the post. In terms of age, Ivan Timofeevich was the oldest, then he was 42 years old. He had years of civil war behind him. Often in between battles, he talked with newcomers, helped them understand a lot that was happening in the garrison.

In January 1943 he was killed in the battles for the workers' settlement "Red October". The Svirins' house keeps books about the heroes of the immortal garrison as a memory of her husband and father.

Sobgaida Andrey Alekseevich was born in 1914 in the village. Politotdelskoe, Nikolaevsky District, Stalingrad Region. At the age of 27, he went to the front. Behind him was already several months of frontline life, he took part in the battles near Kharkov. He was wounded, was treated at the Kamyshin hospital. Soldier Sobgaida was given only two days to visit his family.

In the morning I was on my way. On the way to burning Stalingrad. There were battles for every meter of land, for every house.

Sobgaida Andrey Alekseevich was one of the defenders of Pavlov's house. In one of the defensive positions, Andrei was wounded. Only he did not leave the garrison, he tried to help his comrades. Together with other soldiers, he dug trenches from home to mill. The last and most violent attack was repulsed in mid-November. The company commander Naumov was killed, many were wounded, including Pavlov. The offensive is ahead. In one of the offensive battles, Andrei Alekseevich Sobgaida was killed.

Lance corporal, armor-piercer Ramazanov Faizrakhman Zulbukarovich, Born in 1906. Was born in Astrakhan.

Ramazanov Faizrakhman Zulbukarovich, a participant in the Battle of Stalingrad, including the defense of Pavlov's house, liberated Hungary and took Berlin.

He was seriously wounded, but to the evil of all deaths he survived. He was awarded the Order of Battle Glory, medals "For Stalingrad", "For Kharkov", "For Balaton" and other awards.

From Pavlov's House, one of the best snipers of the 13th Guards Sergeant fired at the enemy Anatoly Ivanovich Chekhov, who destroyed more than 200 Nazis.

General Rodimtsev, right on the front line, presented 19-year-old Anatoly Chekhov with the Order of the Red Banner.

The Nazis managed to destroy one of the walls of the house. To which the soldiers jokingly replied:

“We have three more walls. A house is like a house, only with a little ventilation. "

Gridin Terenty Illarionovich was born on May 15, 1910 in the village of Blizhneosinovsky, Second Don District of the Don Cossack Region.

In 1933 he graduated from the Nizhne-Chirsk Agricultural College. He worked as an agronomist.

Drafted to the Red Army on 03.24.1942. Kaganovichesky district military registration and enlistment office (now Surovikinsky) and was sent to the Astrakhan military school.After he was assigned to the 13th Guards Rifle Division.

After the Red Army men were consolidated in Pavlov's house, mortarmen arrived there with junior lieutenant A.N. Chernyshenko, among them T.I. Gridin.

The collection of the Surovikinsky Museum of History and Local Lore contains a copy of the book "House of Soldiers' Glory", on the title page of which the author made a donative inscription by his hand:

“To a fighting friend from the Stalingrad battles T.I. Gridin from the commander and author, May 9, 1971, Afanasyev. "

Terenty Illarionovich read the book with a pencil in his hands and emphasized the most vivid episodes, made notes in the margins. For instance:

“I was in the house with the mortarmen at a time when the 8th company of the 3rd battalion was still in the building of the military organization” (p. 46)

“The explosion collapsed the entire western end wall of our House of Soldiers' Glory. At this time our company commander was standing in the basement window. With a strong explosion of a heavy projectile, I was concussed, hit me in the head with rubble and blew off the door to the basement ”(p. 54).

“We have witnessed how the building of the military trade organization turned into a heap of ruins. During the day there was an L-shaped house, and in the morning only smoke came out of the ruins ”(p. 57).

“The mortarmen were in the House at the head of senior sergeant Gridin, and at that time the commander of a platoon of company mortars, Comrade Chernyshenko Alexei, a young Siberian who had just graduated from the 10th grade and the school of command personnel, was sent to us” (p. 60).

December 2, 1942 Gridin T.I. was seriously wounded in the right arm and sent to the hospital. After being seriously wounded, he did not take part in hostilities.

After the war, Terenty Illarionovich lived in the town of Surovikino, Volgograd Region, worked as an agronomist at the plant protection station, kept up active correspondence with his comrades in arms, and came to the city of Volgograd to meet with fellow soldiers.

Died Gridin Terenty Illarionovich April 23, 1987, he was buried in the city of Surovikino.

Art. sergeant of the red army commander of the machine gun crew Voronov Ilya Vasilievich... The Stalingrad epic of the machine gunner Voronov began like this. After being seriously wounded on the Don bank in May 1942, Ilya Voronov, as best he could, fought off the doctors, who were trying to send him to recuperate in the warm rear, away from the battles. In September, from the hospital evacuated to Astrakhan, half-treated soldiers, among whom was twenty-year-old Ilya, went to fight in the burning Stalingrad. Machine gunners were worth their weight in gold, and even more so aces like Voronov, who treated thirty-kilogram "maxims" like toys.

Guard sergeant Yakov Pavlov, who was instructed by the command of the 3rd battalion of the 42nd rifle regiment of the 13th Guards Division to hold the most important strategic object of access to the Volga - Pavlov's house, asked Voronov for help.

The peasant son Ilya Voronov - a height of about one meter ninety, pood fists - could choose the best position for his machine gun to attack, and the most inconspicuous place to dig in and wait out, if the combat situation required it. He was not only the commander of the machine-gun crew, the assistant to the platoon commander, but also a real ringleader. Voronov learned his machine gunners the song "Forward, we are dashing Stalinists" and was himself a lead singer.

“Yasha, if it’s difficult, I’m at the mill,” he said to Pavlov before he went into the house.

At this time, Voronov's machine gun was working at the very mill that still stands in Volgograd as a destroyed reminder of the Battle of Stalingrad.

“Send me Voronov,” Pavlov begged and demanded from his command.

And in the end, the battalion commander summoned Voronov and ordered:

"You are going to Pavlov's house."

“At first I didn't understand: what house? - Ilya Vasilievich recalls.

- This house was then officially called the House of Specialists. It turns out that the messenger is "to blame". Yasha told him:

"Tell Voronov to come to Pavlov's house."

And the messenger to the commanders said:

"To Pavlov's House". So it has gone on since then. "

"Well, now we can fight," Pavlov hugged the finally arrived Voronov.

Few people know that when the house was in the hands of the Nazis, 34 civilians remained in it and drank in full grief.

Having seized the house, the Germans mocked people: they beat old people, women were raped. And when Sergeant Pavlov and his comrades kicked out the invaders, they told him so:

"If you leave us here, we will not forgive you."

After such words, they could not leave this house! This is tantamount to betrayal. How then to look into the eyes of children who have become almost family. One of the elders, ten-year-old Vanya, brought cartridges, water, helped to bandage the soldiers.

And once Voronov went into one of the rooms, and there a naked woman sits and wraps her baby in her dress.

Why naked? Why are you embarrassing my fighters? " - machine gunner Ilya Voronov was surprised.

“I have nothing to swaddle with,” the woman replied. "Get dressed, I will now," - replied the machine gunner.

And he brought the woman new removable footcloths for the diapers.

After many, many years, that child turned, according to Ilya Vasilyevich, into a beautiful woman. She set the table and met the defenders of the Pavlov House in her Volgograd apartment. She knew perfectly well that she was alive because machine gunner Voronov, sergeants Pavlov and Ramazanov, private Glushchenko gave her mother their rations, and they themselves climbed to the wheat warehouse located between the house and the mill. There were problems with food and ammunition: the command would send 10 - 12 boats, but two or three would arrive. So the soldiers were chewing on the wheat they got under fire. For water we made our way to the Volga, overflowing with oil from tanks bombed by the Nazis. Then the water was filtered through rags and footcloths six times. And she still smelled of kerosene. We drank ourselves, and cleared for the machine gun.

What the Nazis did not do to take this house: they fired at it from machine guns, bombed it with planes, and threw grenades at it. And ours rose as if from the ashes: "patched" the broken windows and doorways with bags of earth - and answered. We did not sleep for several days - and therefore the Nazis lost count. It seemed to them that the house was not a wounded platoon, but almost a regiment.

The moment came when the Nazis could not stand it. "Hey, rus, how many of you are there?" - came from a fascist loudspeaker, which was installed a few meters from Pavlov's house.

“A full battalion and a supplement,” answered the Pavlovites.

When the general offensive began, five survived in the dilapidated house.

They lasted 58 days! What are the components of heroism? Sergeant Voronov knows them. Here's a simple Russian girl, the Nazis shot in the hand and sent to ours for information on the location of the units, and took her mother hostage. Heroism consisted of fearlessness: when you leaned out of the house almost to the waist and poured fire on the fascists, took revenge for breaking a fragile Russian girl, forcing at the age of ten to choose: life or Motherland, mother or soldiers-liberators.

This is how the defense of “Pavlov's House” ended for Voronov.

“Once, during a battle in the center of the city, an enemy grenade fell at my feet,” the veteran said. - I quickly tossed it back, but then another exploded, and I was wounded in the face and stomach. I did not feel pain and continued to fight, wiping off the blood that flooded my eyes. During the next counterattack of the enemy, I was again wounded, but I was in such an evil excitement that, even when I ran out of cartridges, I pulled the rings out of the grenades with my teeth and threw them towards the Fritzes. When the nurse crawled up, while bandaging, she counted more than twenty shrapnel and machine-gun wounds on the body.

I spent 15 and a half months in hospital beds and underwent dozens of operations. He returned to his native village of Glinka in 1944, and his mother and sisters live in a dugout. The heart seemed to be squeezed by ticks: it was necessary to rebuild the village, build a house for the family, but he was on one leg. Harnessed. He worked as a storekeeper, head of a milk farm, a security guard at a grain flow, so much so that others could not keep up on two legs. I did not give anyone a descent.

After the war, Ilya Vasilyevich cried only once, in the eighty-first. From Nizhny came a telegram from Pavlov's son:

"Dad is dead".

Natalya Alexandrovna is the daughter of the legendary commander of the 13th Guards Rifle Division A.I. Rodimtseva - in her book about the war and about her father she wrote about the Russian soldier Ilya Voronov:

"This man is a diamond of the highest standard."

For three years now he has not traveled to the city on the Volga. I was younger - I went there every year. I sat at the same table with Marshal Chuikov, and he repeated:

"If it were not for you, the defenders of the house, it is still not known how the war would have turned."

Afanasyev I.F., Voronov I.V., Ulyanova M.S.

LADYCHENKO (ULYANOVA) Maria Stepanovna "Chizhik".

"V From the first to the last day, Masha, an affectionate and skillful nurse, was part of our garrison for 58 days of the defense of the Pavlov House. And if the enemy was advancing? .. Masha took a machine gun and grenades, stood by, fought and shouted:

"Beat the nasty guys, the fascist - the enemy!"

L. I. SAVELIEV. "PAVLOV'S HOUSE". A story-story about Soldier's glory:

“… The Nazis have begun another“ concert ”and now everyone is at the firing points. There and Naumov, who brought the artillerymen to the house ... the medical instructor Chizhik - komrots, prudently took her with him when he equipped the expedition for the gun ... everyone was sure that when needed, Chizhik would definitely be there ... Chizhik hurried - medical instructor Marusya Ulyanova, who provided Dronov first help. ... But most of the guests-fellow soldiers were at the platoon commander Ivan Filippovich Afanasyev, ... and Maria Stepanovna Ulyanova-Ladychenko - after all, she also lives in Volgograd. For her front-line friends, she remained like that: MARUSYA - CHIZHIK ”. (S. 136-138, 144, 206).

STALINGRAD. 1942-1943. The battle of Stalingrad in documents ”. Moscow. 1995. P. 412. Collections of the All-Russian State Medical University, folder No. 198, inv. No. 9846, original:

“FROM THE POLITICAL REPORT OF THE 62nd ARMY ON THE INCLUSION OF ARMED WORKING UNITS OF THE STALINGRAD PLANTS IN THE ARMY.

... Ulyanova Maria Stepanovna, an employee of the Krasny Oktyabr plant, is considered in the 42nd joint venture of the 13th Guards. with the best nurse. Under any fire, she performs her duties in cold blood. She was recently awarded the Medal of Courage. ...

The head of the political department of the 62nd army, brigade commissar Vasiliev. TsAMO, f. 48, op. 486, d.35, l. 319a-321. (S. 321-323. KP).

Ulyanova Maria Stepanovna: Medal for Courage fund 33 inventory 686044 file 1200 p. 2 I am sending a piece of the award order:

"14. Medical instructor of the 3rd Infantry Battalion of the Red Army Guards Ulyanov Maria Stepanovna for taking 15 wounded soldiers and commanders and 15 rifles from the battlefield in the battles for Stalingrad from November 22 to 26, 1942 and providing first aid to 20 wounded commanders and soldiers. Born in 1919, Russian member of the Komsomol, in the Patriotic War since December 1941, has 2 wounds, in the spacecraft since 1941 ..., has no awards ... ".

Volgograd Regional Committee of the CPSU, Institute of Military History of the USSR Ministry of Defense. "THE HISTORICAL FEAT OF STALINGRAD". Moscow. 1985.S. 219:

"In the legendary house of Sergeant Ya. F. Pavlov, TOGETHER WITH HIS DEFENDERS, FROM THE BEGINNING TO THE END OF THE FIGHTS, WAS MARIA ULYANOVA, who provided medical assistance to many soldiers."

In the museum of the HISTORY OF THE KIROVSKY DISTRICT there is a record about a participant in the Great Patriotic War and the Battle of Stalingrad, a participant in the battles of the legendary garrison of the House of Soldiers' Glory (“Pavlov's House”) LADYCHENKO (ULYANOVA) Maria Stepanovna:

“Ulyanova had three combat medals:

- "For Courage";

- "For the Defense of Stalingrad";

- "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."

Combat path Gary Badmaevich Khokholov began in 1941. 1941 - when the war began, Garia worked at a fish cannery:

“... I had armor, and all my comrades went to the front. Well, I think everyone is at war, and I will catch carp?

I did not have time to leave Kalmykia yet, they turned me back - I did not fit for health reasons. On the second attempt, I still broke through to the front, ”the veteran later recalled.

IN 1 942, as an 18-year-old boy, Gary goes to the army. He falls into the training battalion of the 139th rifle division, located in the Astrakhan region (Kharabali). I managed to study for a mortar operator for 1.5 months. Drop-out recruits are sent on a 5-day march (at night on foot) and young cadets-mortars find themselves on the left bank of the Volga.

Meanwhile, fierce battles are taking place in the very center of Stalingrad. For more than two months, the soldiers of the 42nd Regiment of the 13th Guards Division have been holding back the enemy's onslaught. Stone buildings - House of Sergeant Y. Pavlov, House of Lieutenant N. Zabolotny and Mill No. 4 - were turned into strongholds. "Not one step back!"- following the given order and the dictates of the soul, the guardsmen did not want to retreat.

The Pavlov House or, as many today call it, the House of Soldiers' Glory, had an advantageous, dominant position in this area (the territory occupied by the enemy was well shot). That is why the commander of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment I.P. Yelin orders the commander of the 3rd rifle battalion, captain A.E. Zhukov capture the house and turn it into a stronghold. The soldiers of the 7th rifle company, commanded by senior lieutenant I.P. Naumov. At the end of September 1942, this house was seized by Sergeant J.F. Pavlov with his squad (3 soldiers).

At the same time:

“On September 20 we crossed the Volga ...” - the entry was made with a simple pencil by the hand of G. Khokholov himself on 1 sheet of a Red Army book.

On the third day of Pavlov's stay there, reinforcement arrives at the House with his comrades: a machine-gun platoon of 7 people, headed by Lieutenant I.F. Afanasyev, a group of 6 armor-piercing men under the command of senior sergeant A.A. Sabgaids, four mortarmen under the command of Lieutenant A.N. Chernushenko and three submachine gunners. The commander of the group was I.F. Afanasyev.

In the book "The Guardsmen Fought to the Death" General A.I. Rodimtsev recalls:

“As a joke, Afanasyev called his assault group an international brigade. If the machine gunners represented only three nationalities - Russians, Ukrainians and Uzbeks, then an even more complex national family was represented by the armored soldiers of A.A. Subguides ".

It was in this group that G. Khokholov was also included.This is how Khokholov himself describes his appearance in the battalion.

“On the night of September 20, we took a barge to the burning city. And immediately into battle. Then they stopped. They took us to the basement of a house. The smokehouse was burning and in its light they wrote down by name. I spoke Russian badly, but I still have a Red Army book with the personal signature of I.I. Naumov: 13th Guards Rifle Division, 42nd Guards Regiment, 3rd Guards Regiment, 7th Rifle Company, date - September 20, 1942. After a short clerical procedure, they took us further - here already bullets whistled, missiles flashed, the front line was felt ... There were about twenty of us. The platoon commander explained that the city is almost entirely with the Germans, but we will stay in this house. "

From the memoirs of G. Khokholov:

“I remember the endless fascist attacks: German planes circled over the house, artillery, mortar and machine-gun shelling did not subside. The Germans stormed the house several times a day. For all my life I have remembered the smell of burning, lime dust, corroding the eyes. And also the piercing autumn wind and burnt wheat, which he chewed to satisfy hunger. "

In the book by Alexander Samsonov "The Battle of Stalingrad" there are lines:

“Often the famous sniper of the division A.I. Chekhov fired well-aimed fire at the enemy from the attic. "

And Khokholov in his letter tells how exactly Chekhov taught him the art of sniper in a besieged house. The lessons, apparently, were not in vain. Proof of this is the entry in the book of the Red Army soldier, which is especially dear for a veteran:

"Awarded with the award badge" Excellent sniper ".

The date of presentation - November 7, 1942 - clearly indicates that for the first time Khokholov used his marksmanship skills, defending the house that later became famous.

In one of his last interviews, the veteran said:

“One day the company commander handed me a sniper rifle and ordered me to shoot at the gas tanks of enemy vehicles and drivers, but not to betray myself. He took up his post at the northwest side of the house. A second soldier was on duty at another observation post. I stretched a wire to him in order to keep in touch in this way. When one of us took a break, the other took aim at the enemy. Some of us were to be killed. I am alive. Unfortunately, I don’t remember the name of that Ukrainian guy. ”

Brave Soviet soldiers held out for 58 days and nights. They left the building on November 24, when the regiment launched a counteroffensive.November 21-24 were the bloodiest battles in the defense of Stalingrad.The morning of November 25 - an attack on the enemy. In battle, G. Khokholov was wounded, and he crawls to the shelter. At night, the wounded are carried out to the Volga to be transported to the other side. This is how he himself recalls it:

“The last battle took place early in the morning of November 25th. Komroty spent the night with us, explained the problem. He was the first to attack - jumped out the window and shouted:

"Follow me, forward!"

The Germans opened heavy mortar fire. A few steps from the house, a machine gun slashed me in the legs, and I fell like a sheaf. It was felt that a lot of our people were killed.

We, the wounded, were carried to the Volga. But the crossing did not work - there was broken ice along the river. Nobody bandaged us, I experienced terrible torment for five days. Thought it was the end. And only in the hospital EG-3638 in the city of Ershov, Saratov region, I believed in my salvation. "

After a hospital in the Saratov city of Ershov, Khokholov ends up in the 15th Airborne Division, in which he takes part in the battles on the Kursk Bulge. In the terrible battles on the Kursk Bulge, 8 thousand people fought, of which 400 people remained alive. Garya Khokholov receives a second wound in these battles. A bomb explodes next to him - he receives severe injuries to both arms and legs. The unconscious soldier is sent by train to the Chita region, to the Trans-Baikal-Petrovsky hospital. And inIn 1943, after treatment with a certificate of the 2nd disability group on 2 crutches, he returned home to restore the post-war homeland.

Kamolzhon Turgunov was drafted to the front at the end of 1941, where he mastered the specialty of an anti-tank rifle shooter (armor-piercer). After the Battle of Stalingrad, he took part in the liberation of Ukraine, Belarus, Romania, Hungary.

I met the victory in German Magdeburg. Returning home with two wounds, he worked as a tractor driver in his native collective farm in the village of Bardankul, Turakurgan district, Namangan region, where he lived with his family - his wife and 16 children... A documentary film is dedicated to him in Uzbekistan "Long way home", filmed by the well-known cameraman and director Davran Salimov in the country.

On March 17, 2015, the last defender of the Pavlov House, Kamolzhon Turgunov, passed away at the age of 92 in Namangan.

Pavlov's house has become a symbol of not only military, but also labor valor. It was with the restoration of this house - a Pavlov's House became the first house of the restored Stalingrad - the famous Cherkasov movement began to restore the city in free time from work. Women's team of builders A.M. Cherkasova restored Pavlov's house immediately after the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, in 1943-44 (the beginning of restoration is considered June 9, 1943).

The Cherkasov movement rapidly expanded among the masses: by the end of 1943, over 820 Cherkasov brigades worked in Stalingrad, in 1944 - 1192 brigades, in 1945 - 1227 brigades. The memorial wall-monument, opened on May 4, 1985 on the end wall of the house from the side of Sovetskaya Street, tells about this. Authors: architect V. E. Maslyaev and sculptor V. G. Fetisov. The inscription on the memorial wall reads:

"In this house, the feat of war and labor merged together.".

"I was approached by my voters - residents of Veliky Novgorod, working at the JSC" Plant "Kometa". In their letter, they ask for help in protecting the honest name of their fellow countryman and former colleague, Hero of the Soviet Union Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov, false information about whom has recently begun to appear more and more in the media ... "From the request of the State Duma deputy, Hero of Russia E. Zelenova to the Council of Veterans of the Volgograd Region.
Who has not heard of the famous "Pavlov House" in Volgograd ?! It was named after the name of the guard sergeant Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov, the commander of the machine-gun section of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment. During the defensive battles in Stalingrad in September 1942, a reconnaissance group of three fighters, commanded by Ya.F. Pavlov, recaptured the only four-story building of the regional consumer union on Penzenskaya Street, 61 that survived the bombing in the city center.
A handful of brave men held this building for three days, which was of strategic importance: from here the situation was controlled on a fairly large area of ​​contact between the troops. Then a platoon under the command of Lieutenant Ivan Afanasyev came to the aid of this group. In total, 24 soldiers held the building for almost 2 months, which went down in history as "Pavlov's House" - this is how it initially appeared in combat reports. Yakov Pavlov continued to fight with dignity, and the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the feat in Stalingrad was awarded to him after the end of the war - by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 27, 1945 (since 1943, Yakov Pavlov fought as an artilleryman: he met victory in the rank petty officers, later he was awarded the first officer rank "junior lieutenant").
Let us turn again to the history of Pavlov's House. Even in recent times, every boy knew the chronology of 58 days of his defense in Volgograd. Pavlov himself and his front-line comrades were famous people in the hero-city. Often they came here on holidays, corresponded with pioneer squads, workers' brigades that bore their names. Today, only two of that little garrison survived. And they have no time for travel. Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov himself in the postwar years worked in the national economy, graduated from the Higher School of Art at the Central Committee of the CPSU, three times was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, was awarded the Orders of Lenin and the October Revolution. In 1980 he was awarded the title of "Honorary Citizen of Volgograd". A year later, the front-line hero was gone ...
The man died, but his name remained in history. And around this name in recent years, something of a phantasmagoria has begun to occur. I will not retell everything that other newspapers print, I will just name the headlines of several publications: "Sergeant Pavlov is alive?", "The secret of machine gunner Pavlov", "Did Sergeant Pavlov become elder Kirill?" ...
Now it is already difficult to establish who was the first to put forward the "version" that the legendary defender of Stalingrad is still alive, being ... an old wonder-worker, Archimandrite Kirill (?!). Such a legend is presented in different variations. Like, at the most terrible moment of the battle, when death was already hovering over the defenders of that house, the Most Holy Theotokos appeared to the brave warrior. Pavlov perked up and realized that he would stand and survive, no matter what. Then he swore that if he survived, he would go to a monastery after the war. And, returning from the front, Sergeant Pavlov allegedly entered the seminary, then became a monk and received the name Cyril. As if they called him one day to the military registration and enlistment office of the city of Zagorsk (now Sergiev Posad) and asked: "What are we going to tell the authorities?" Monk Cyril replied: "Tell me that I am dead." And the military registration and enlistment office agreed with this ...
Since the story is too vague and unlikely, the staff of the Volgograd panorama museum "Battle of Stalingrad" persistently tried to unravel this knot ... And it turned out that not one, but three Pavlovs, who distinguished themselves in Stalingrad, became Heroes of the Soviet Union. In addition to Yakov, this is Captain Sergei Mikhailovich Pavlov and Guard Senior Sergeant Dmitry Ivanovich Pavlov (the latter died in 1971). The deputy director of the museum, candidate of art history Svetlana Argastseva even showed the photographs of the three Pavlovs and the elder Kirill to the criminologists - in order to establish external similarities, but they did not find such.
However, back to the legendary hero. The funeral of Yakov Fedotovich in the fall of 1981 was attended by an employee of the museum, Ivan Loginov. They buried the hero in front of a large crowd of people who for many years knew Yakov Fedotovich personally and well. What questions could arise after this sad ceremony at the Western cemetery of Novgorod? None. The exposition of the museum contains the Gold Star and other awards of J.F. Pavlova.
Nevertheless, on the eve of the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad, "the story of reincarnation" again began to roam the pages of newspapers. At the same time, many are puzzled why Elder Kirill himself does not refute it? He really knows for sure that this is just a beautiful fairy tale on a military-spiritual theme. However, it has its own truth. She is that Fr. Kirill, living in the world, bore the common Russian surname Pavlov, and during the Great Patriotic War he defended Stalingrad.
And the last thing. A documentary film has survived, depicting the post-war meeting in Stalingrad of junior lieutenant Yakov Pavlov with women who restored the house, which he defended with his fighting brothers. Then the guardsman boldly signed on the wall: "The house received from Cherkasova (Alexandra Maksimovna Cherkasova was the initiator of the women's movement to restore Stalingrad. - MV) in full fitness. Guard junior lieutenant, Hero of the Soviet Union Yakov Pavlov."
Volgograd

Of our country, becoming one of the most famous heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad. A mention of him can be found today in any history textbook. Commanding a group of fighters, in the fall of 1942, he organized the defense of a four-story residential building on the 9th January square in the center of Stalingrad, and this house went down in history as Pavlov's house. The house itself and, of course, its defenders, became symbols of the heroic defense of the city during the Great Patriotic War.

Yakov Pavlov was born exactly 100 years ago, on October 4 (October 17, new style), 1917 in the small village of Krestovoy (today it is the territory of the Valdai district of the Novgorod region), in an ordinary peasant family, by nationality - Russian. A few days after his birth, the October Revolution took place, followed by a civil war. Jacob's childhood was difficult enough, which was true for the whole country. He managed to finish only elementary school. In 1938 he received a summons and was drafted into the ranks of the Red Army. He met the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in the army, fought since June 1941. He met the war near Kovel in Ukraine as part of the troops of the Southwestern Front.

The plan for the 1942 summer-autumn campaign of the Nazi troops provided for the capture of Stalingrad and an offensive in the Caucasus. The Battle of Stalingrad began on July 17, 1942, from that day until November 18, the Germans did not stop trying to capture this large administrative, industrial and transport center on the Volga. According to Hitler's plans, German troops were to capture Stalingrad, which is of great strategic importance, in two weeks of fighting, but the stubborn resistance of the Soviet troops in the city destroyed by the hostilities confused all the plans of Hitler's generals.

In 1942, Yakov Pavlov was sent to the 42nd Guards Regiment of the 13th Guards Rifle Division of General Alexander Rodimtsev. After the defeat of Soviet troops near Kharkov, this division was withdrawn to the left bank of the Volga, where it was reorganized. During the reorganization of the division, Sergeant Yakov Pavlov was appointed commander of the machine-gun section of the 7th company. In September 1942, Rodimtsev's division became part of the 62nd Army of the Stalingrad Front.

The division was tasked with crossing the Volga and dislodging German troops from the coastal strip, occupying and firmly defending the central part of Stalingrad from the enemy. On the night of September 14-15, 1942, the advance detachment of the 42nd Guards Regiment managed to cross the Volga and immediately entered into battle with the enemy. On September 15, the regiment's soldiers recaptured the central railway station, making it possible for the rest of the 13th Guards Rifle Division to cross the Volga. On September 16, the wars of the 39th Guards Regiment, supported by the combined 416th Infantry Regiment of the 112th Infantry Division, during the assault and stubborn battles captured the top of the Mamayev Kurgan. From 21 to 23 September, the wars of the 13th Guards Rifle Division, with the support of front-line artillery, withstood the strongest onslaught of the enemy, preventing the Germans from reaching the Volga in the central part of the city.

It is in the central part of the city in the area of ​​the 9th January square (today Lenin Square) that a four-story brick house is located, which later went down in history. It was the building of the regional consumer union, house number 61 on Penzenskaya street. It is he who will go down in history as Pavlov's house. Next to him was the House of Sovkontrol - the future house of Zabolotny - a mirror copy of Pavlov's house. A railway line to Gosmelnitsa No. 4 (Gergardt-Grudinin's mill) ran between these two houses. Both buildings played a key role in the defense of the square and the approaches to it. In the area of ​​these buildings, the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of Colonel Ivan Yelin defended, who ordered the commander of the 3rd Rifle Battalion, Captain Alexei Zhukov, to seize these houses, turning them into strong points.

Pavlov's house after the end of the Battle of Stalingrad. In the background - Gerhardt's Mill

The Regional Consumer Union House was a four-story building with four entrances. It was built in the second half of the 1930s by the project of the architect Sergei Voloshinov, who died on September 27, 1942, together with his wife, who was expecting a child, it happened in their house on Pugachevskaya Street during the next bombing of Stalingrad. The building of the Regional Consumer Union was considered one of the most prestigious in the city; other elite residential buildings were located next to it: the Houses of the NKVD workers, the House of Signalers, the House of Railwaymen and others. Experts from industrial enterprises, as well as party workers, lived in Pavlov's house.

Both houses were very important, the Soviet commanders correctly assessed their tactical importance for building defenses in this sector. The surrounding countryside was clearly visible from the houses. It was possible to conduct observation, as well as to fire at enemy positions in occupied parts of Stalingrad: to the west up to one kilometer, to the north and south - and even more. Also from the houses it was possible to view all the paths of a possible breakthrough of the Nazis to the Volga, which was just a stone's throw from here. To capture the houses, two groups were created: the group of Sergeant Pavlov and Lieutenant Zabolotny. Zabolotny's house was subsequently burned out and blown up by the advancing German troops during the battles; it collapsed, burying the Soviet soldiers who defended it under the ruins.

At the end of September 1942, Lance-corporal V.S.Glushchenko and Red Army soldiers A.P. Aleksandrov and N. Ya. Chernogolovy also entered Pavlov's reconnaissance and assault group. Pavlov's group was able to enter the house and capture it, knocking the Germans out of it. A handful of fighters held out in the house for three days, after which reinforcements arrived at it: a machine-gun platoon of Lieutenant Ivan Afanasyev (7 fighters with one heavy machine gun), a group of armored fighters of senior sergeant Andrei Sobgaida (6 fighters with three anti-tank rifles), four mortars with two company mortars under the command of junior lieutenant Alexei Chernyshenko and three submachine gunners. A telephone connection was also provided to the house and ammunition supply was organized. This small garrison held out in the house for almost two months, preventing the Germans from reaching the Volga in this defense sector. During the battle, civilians (about 30 people) were also hiding in the basement of the house, who could not evacuate from it, some of them were seriously wounded as a result of artillery shelling and bombing.

Almost all the time, the Germans fired at this house from artillery and mortars, air strikes were struck at it (as a result of the strikes, one of the walls was completely destroyed), continuous attacks were carried out, but the Germans could not take the house. Soviet soldiers competently prepared him for an all-round defense; during attacks, they fired at the enemy from different places in the house through prepared embrasures made in bricked windows, as well as breaches in the walls. As soon as the Germans approached the building, they were met by dense rifle and machine-gun fire from various firing points on different floors of the building, grenades were flying towards the Nazis.

At the same time, Lieutenants Afanasyev, Chernyshenko (died during the defense) and Sergeant Pavlov managed to establish good fire interaction with strong points arranged in neighboring buildings - with the Zabolotny house and the mill building, which housed the command post of the 42nd Infantry Regiment. A significant role in the competent organization of the defense was played by the fact that Afanasyev and Pavlov were experienced fighters, Pavlova could be called a career soldier, after all, he had been in the army since 1938. The interaction of strong points was also greatly simplified by the fact that an observation post was equipped on the third floor of Pavlov's house, which the Germans could not destroy. Later, the commander of the 62nd Army, General Vasily Chuikov, recalled: "A small group of Soviet soldiers, defending one house, destroyed more enemy soldiers than the Nazis lost in the capture of Paris."

The defenders of the house were greatly assisted by the reserve positions prepared by them. In front of the house itself there was a cemented fuel depot, to which the defenders were able to dig an underground passage. And about 30 meters from the house there was a hatch leading to a water tunnel, to which an underground passage was also dug. This is how the defenders of Pavlov's house, relatively quietly and safely, could receive the ammunition and food necessary for defense. During the shelling, all the defenders of the house, except for the outpost and observers, went down to the shelters. After the end of the shelling, the entire small garrison again took up its positions and met the enemy with fire.

Pavlov's grave at the Western cemetery of Veliky Novgorod

The defense of the house lasted for about two months until November 24, 1942, when its defenders left it and the 42nd regiment, along with other units, launched a counteroffensive. During the heroic defense of Pavlov's house, only three of its defenders were killed: Junior Lieutenant Alexei Chernyshenko, Sergeant Idel Hait and Red Army soldier Ivan Svirin. At the same time, many of the defenders of the house were injured. Yakov Pavlov himself was seriously wounded in the leg on November 25, 1942 during an attack on German positions.

After returning from the hospital, Sergeant Pavlov fought with the same dignity as in Stalingrad, but in the artillery. He was the commander of the reconnaissance department in various artillery units of the 3rd Ukrainian and 2nd Belorussian fronts, as part of which he safely reached Stettin, having gone through the Great Patriotic War from the first to the last day. For his military services, he was awarded two Orders of the Red Star, as well as numerous medals. On June 17, 1945, Junior Lieutenant Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov was awarded the honorary title of Hero of the Soviet Union and the Gold Star medal (No. 6775), by that time he had already joined the Communist Party. He was presented to the award precisely for the feat accomplished back in Stalingrad in 1942.

After demobilization from the army in 1946, Yakov Pavlov returned to his native land. He worked for a long time in the city of Valdai, Novgorod region, was the third secretary of the district party committee, graduated from the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU. Three times he was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR from the Novgorod region. After the end of World War II, he was also presented to the Order of the October Revolution. In the post-war years, he often came to Stalingrad, where he met with local residents who survived the war and rebuilt the Volga city from the ruins. Not only Yakov Pavlov, but all the other defenders of the house have always been the most dear guests of the townspeople. In 1980, Yakov Pavlov was awarded the title of "Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Volgograd."

Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov died on September 28, 1981 at the age of 63. Most likely, his front-line wounds made their contribution to the relatively early death of the hero. He was buried in the Alley of Heroes of the Western Cemetery of Veliky Novgorod. Currently, the name of Yakov Pavlov is a boarding school for orphans and children left without parental care in Veliky Novgorod. Streets in Veliky Novgorod, Valdai and Yoshkar-Ola were also named after Yakov Pavlov.

Based on materials from open sources

Yakov Pavlov was born in the village of Malaya Krestovaya, now the Valdai district of the Novgorod region, finished elementary school, worked in agriculture. In 1938 he was drafted into the Red Army. He met the Great Patriotic War in combat units in the Kovel region, as part of the troops of the South-Western Front.

In 1942, Pavlov was sent to the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 13th Guards Division of General A.I. Rodimtsev. He took part in defensive battles on the outskirts of Stalingrad. In July-August 1942, senior sergeant Ya. F. Pavlov was reorganized in the city of Kamyshin, where he was appointed commander of the machine-gun section of the 7th company. In September 1942 - in the battles for Stalingrad, carried out reconnaissance missions.

In the evening of September 27, 1942, Pavlov received a combat mission from the company commander, Lieutenant Naumov, to reconnoiter the situation in a 4-storey building overlooking the central square of Stalingrad - the 9th January square. This building occupied an important tactical position. With three soldiers (Chernogolov, Glushchenko and Aleksandrov), he knocked the Germans out of the building and completely captured it. Soon the group received reinforcements, ammunition and telephone communications. Together with the platoon of Lieutenant I. Afanasyev, the number of defenders increased to 24 people. It took a long time to dig a trench and evacuate civilians hiding in the basements of the house.

The Nazis constantly attacked the building with artillery and aerial bombs. But Afanasyev avoided heavy losses and for almost two months did not allow the enemy to break through to the Volga.

On November 19, 1942, the troops of the Stalingrad Front (see Operation Uranus) launched a counteroffensive. On November 25, during the attack, Pavlov was wounded in the leg, lay in the hospital, then was the gunner and the commander of the reconnaissance department in the artillery units of the 3rd Ukrainian and 2nd Belorussian fronts, in which he reached Stettin. He was awarded two Orders of the Red Star and many medals. On June 17, 1945, Junior Lieutenant Yakov Pavlov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (medal No. 6775). Pavlov was demobilized from the ranks of the Soviet Army in August 1946.

After demobilization, he worked in the city of Valdai, Novgorod Region, was the first secretary of the district committee, graduated from the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU. Three times he was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR from the Novgorod region. After the war, he was also awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution. He repeatedly visited Stalingrad (now Volgograd), met with residents of the city who survived the war and restored it from the ruins. In 1980, Ya. F. Pavlov was awarded the title of "Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Volgograd."

In Veliky Novgorod, in a boarding school named after him for orphans and children left without parental care, there is a Pavlov Museum (Derevyanitsy microdistrict, Beregovaya Street, 44).

Pavlov was buried in the Alley of Heroes of the Western Cemetery of Veliky Novgorod. There is a version that Pavlov did not die in 1981, but became the confessor of the Holy Trinity-Sergius Lavra, Fr. Cyril. This information has no confirmation - this is his namesake, who was also the defender of Stalingrad.

Image in culture

• Battle of Stalingrad (1949) - Leonid Knyazev
• Stalingrad (1989) - Sergei Garmash.

• Yakov Pavlov is mentioned in the Call of Duty computer game in the Pavlov campaign.