"The problem of existence" and "practical truth" (Oblomov and Stolz). Roman I.A.Goncharov "Oblomov": the system of proper names Oblomov meaning of the name and surname

Uncover the secret of the last name OBLOMOV(in Latin transliteration OBLOMOV) looking at the calculation results in the numerological magic of numbers. You will discover hidden talents and unknown desires. Perhaps you do not understand them, but you feel that you do not know something about yourself and your loved ones.

The first letter of the surname OBLOMOV will tell about the character

Characteristic features of the surname OBLOMOV

• constancy
• penetrating ability
• ability to feel great
• unity with nature
• impermanence
• lack of systematicity
• artistry
• great ingenuity
• logics
• pettiness
• solicitude
• shyness
• pedantry
• industriousness
• great emotionality
• mysterious unrest

OBLOMOV: the number of interactions with the world "8"

People under the influence of the number eight have a restless and purposeful character. They are rarely happy with what they have and strive to maximize the boundaries of their capabilities. The potential of the "eight" players is very great, but the demands cannot be called small, so they rarely experience a sense of satisfaction from the work done or the joy of victory. People of the eight know how to make plans and translate them into reality, but they have to put up with the fact that everything turns out a little (or even not at all) as it was intended.

G8s are not afraid of much. Responsibility for others and leadership of large teams is natural for them, as are the sudden changes in life. They tend to get along well with those around them, but try to avoid being too close and prefer to play a leadership role in the relationship. Highly appreciating intelligence, moral qualities and a sense of humor, they do not tolerate flattery and lies, and are also very sensitive to manifestations of impolite and tactless.

The marital relations of the G8 are developing peacefully, although passion or even deep affection is not always present in them. Nevertheless, people of the eight almost always strive for stable relationships and marriage - without a constant life partner, they feel uncomfortable. An innate tact helps them to avoid quarrels in the family, and to cope with everyday problems is the ability to both act independently and distribute responsibilities.

Eights love to receive guests and do not miss the opportunity to show off their home, usually large and cozy. Own housing is a "fad" of many people of the eight; in rented apartments or the parental home, they usually do not feel very comfortable. At the same time, they cannot be called money-grubbing, interested only in material goods; many G8s generously share everything they earn, take an active part in the activities of charitable organizations and help their close and distant relatives with money. But the main thing that people of the Eight give to those around them is their love and sincere interest.

"Eights" care about others so much that sometimes they do not have enough strength and energy to arrange their own lives. Another common problem is the pursuit of unattainable goals and the inability to remain calm and common sense if obstacles arise in the way.

OBLOMOV: the number of spiritual aspirations "3"

The three have an ambiguous influence on their charges: they can be friendly and arrogant, compliant and uncompromising, sociable and closed. They like to be in sight, they like comfort, but they cannot be called stable for sure, so their behavior always remains extremely unpredictable.

Those born under the sign of the three equally listen to the voice of the heart and mind, and in adulthood they carry the baggage of invaluable experience and worldly wisdom. Accustomed to being guided in everything by the arguments of reason, C grade students are completely incapable of sympathy, but among their acquaintances there are many vulnerable, impressionable and even unbalanced people.

Those under the influence of the troika can succeed in any profession, but still prefer areas that can give stability. They are well versed in people, can draw a psychological portrait of everyone and easily find a way out of even the most difficult situations. Students of C grade feel very comfortable in a secular society, they know how to maintain a conversation, they have not only oratorical skills, but also the ability to listen to others. They love friendly gatherings, and if they take up the organization of a holiday, then they cope with it better than any professional.

In the sphere of personal relationships, strange as it may seem, the people of the troika regularly face problems. They seem callous and indifferent, do not tend to demonstrate positive traits of their character and are rarely themselves. Such a person may well be known as a cunning liar and a hypocrite, since his desire to embellish the truth sometimes knows no boundaries. He is not used to sharing his thoughts and desires with his soul mate, but at the same time he lives in a castle in the air.

Born under the influence of the troika always finds his place under the sun. He likes to tell people about his successes, often greatly exaggerating reality. Many consider this person to be an ordinary braggart, but at the same time they do not judge him too harshly, because he is not devoid of charm. In addition, a C grade student is happy to make gifts, is attentive to those in need, and often participates in charity.

OBLOMOV: the number of true features is "5"

If the five exerts their influence on a person, then they remain adult children for a long time. Even at an advanced age, such people behave like teenage rebellious people. Such a person is ready to risk everything for the sake of a mere trifle. Thinking over and planning the consequences of their decisions is not for them. Sometimes the protest of such persons is directed against the generally accepted rules and looks rather ridiculous.

In general, we can say that this is a kind of entertainment. Inventing enemies and fighting them is the main fun for an "excellent student". A stable, calm life makes him sad, dissatisfied, and a desire for change.

It is interesting that even if no struggle is temporarily observed in the life of such a person, he himself is drawn to dramas and tragedies. It is not only interesting for him, but also feeds his vitality. Suffering and dark stories make him curious. And this can lead to stupid actions and fatal mistakes. But the “excellent student” simply cannot overcome this attraction. He wants to know this world thoroughly and from all sides.

Often too vivid imagination and self-confidence are to blame. With this set of traits, they rarely become good spouses, reliable business partners. After all, they don't care about the future. They will never raise funds for significant purchases - they would rather take a loan. They are also not in a position to plan life - at any moment the journey may be disrupted.

At the same time, they believe that fate favors them and if suddenly a serious trouble happens, they will be able to mobilize all their talents and everything will be resolved in the best way. Even if they have already been wrong, it teaches them nothing. They rarely draw conclusions from the situation. It is this skill that they lack the most.

What can not be taken away from people under the sign of the five is erudition and outlook. They can tell about everything in the world, and exciting and emotional. They will always listen to them with pleasure. If such a person has a hobby, he will try to benefit from it. In general, we can say that these people are always at the forefront.

There, where the more cautious never go, "excellent students" will follow with joy. And for such adventures, you always need to be in good physical shape, so they love sports, monitor nutrition and often remain slim and fit until old age.

Disease and monotonous life drives such people into depression, from which it is not easy for them to get out.

Ilya is an old Russian name, especially common among the common people. Suffice it to recall the epic hero Ilya Muromets, who, together with other heroes, defended the vast expanses of his native land. The same name, which carried in itself the special, primordial features of the Russian nation, was given to another literary hero, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. According to the writer Goncharov, Oblomov embodied the national type of character and worldview, those fundamental properties of the Russian soul, for which it is still considered mysterious and strange to this day.

Etymology of the name

However, the name Ilya is not natively Russian. His East Slavic roots grew out of Jewish soil. The full, traditional form of the word is Elijah. In the Slavic tradition, a short, or truncated form (Ilya) was fixed, and patronymics, respectively, were Ilyich, Ilyinichna. Diminutive nicknames - Ilyushenka, Ilyushechka, Ilyusha. Sounds beautiful, gentle, kind, right? The meaning of the name Ilya (in Hebrew sounds like "Eliyahu") in translation from the Hebrew - "my God", "true believer", "the power of the Lord." That is, it has a pronounced religious character. However, its modern carriers do not think so much about the semantic side, paying more attention to euphony and fashion. But, probably, few people know that Ilya has one more meaning of the name. The same word is found in the Kurdish language. It is translated as "bright", "glorious", "great". And in the Islamic religion there is a saint with this name. In the oriental manner, it is pronounced Ali. That's what an interesting nickname Ilyush has!

Anthroponymics, astrology and psychology

What kind of person can Ilya be? The meaning of a name is a serious thing, it should always be taken into account when choosing one or another nickname for a baby. It was not in vain that we remembered at the beginning of the article about Ilya Muromets. A favorite character of folk epics, he personifies tremendous spiritual and physical strength, unshakable courage and courage, generosity and kindness. It is believed that all these wonderful qualities manifested themselves in the hero largely due to such a sonorous, musical name. By the way, of the 3 heroes (there are also Dobrynya and Alyosha), it is Muromets who is the fairest, most reasonable, wise. True, and the oldest. And he owns the palm among the legendary mythological images created by the people's dream and fantasy of an almighty protector and patron. So, we have identified some of the psychological aspects of the name Ilya. The meaning of the name, however, is far from being exhausted by them.

Let us recall another hero of myths, now religious ones. The legendary Ilya is a prophet, a saint, the only one besides Christ who received the great honor of being ascended to heaven alive. He is widely and deeply revered among the peoples of the entire Christian world, and especially in Orthodoxy. Moreover, this is one of the greatest images of the Old Testament, the embodiment of true Faith, deep and serious, the ability to remain true to your convictions in any situations, prove the truth by your own example and lead whole nations. Therefore, Ilya (the meaning of the name and numerous examples confirm this) is usually endowed with a special charisma - very strong, great charm, great will and endurance. This is the very core on which the character of people is based, who were so named and raised accordingly from childhood. But the sound shell of the name also indicates other features: softness, even some femininity, gentleness, delicacy. It is voiced, musical, pleasant to the ear thanks to the confluence of vowel sounds and a voiced soft consonant.

No wonder there are many people of art among the owners of the name Ilya: Repin, Glazunov, Averbukh. What else can you add about the owners of the name Ilya? They are sociable, friendly, although they do not really like to let someone into the depths of their own "I". Their intuition is at their height, devotion to the family, caring for loved ones, high ideals prevail as priorities. True, they are characterized by irascibility, impulsiveness. But on the other hand, Ilya is quick-witted, forget grievances, regret their harshness.

Integrated lesson of Russian language and literature.

Proper names play an important role in the structure of the text and the figurative system of Goncharov's novel Oblomov. They not only determine the essential features of the characters of the heroes, but also reflect the main plot lines of the work, their significance is one of the features of the writer's style

Download:

Preview:

Expressive capabilities and the role of proper names

in the text of a work of art (I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov")

Lesson objectives:

1. to show the expressive possibilities of proper names in the text; their role in the creation of images of the heroes of a literary work, the development of its main themes;

2. to contribute to the development of research skills with the text of a work of art, an explanatory dictionary;

3. improving spelling and punctuation skills.

During the classes:

We begin work in the lesson with a syntactic warm-up:

“Many called him Ivan Ivanovich, others - Ivan Vasilich, still others - Ivan Mikhailich. His last name was also called differently: some said that he was Ivanov, others called him Vasiliev or Andreev, others thought that he was Alekseev ... All this Alekseev, Vasiliev, Andreev, or whatever you like, there is some kind of incomplete, impersonal allusion to the mass of people, a dull echo, its indistinct reflection.

How many simple sentences are in the 1st sentence? How are the main members of the proposal expressed? What is common in the structure of parts 2 and 3?

Draw up a proposal outline.

How many rows of homogeneous members are in the 3rd sentence?

I.A. Goncharov belongs to those writers for whom the choice of the name of the hero is fundamentally important. It is often one of the key words of the text and usually contains symbolic meanings. In Goncharov's prose, proper names act as an important means of characterizing heroes, organize the literary text at its different levels, and serve as a key to the subtext of the work. These features of the writer's style can be traced to the example of the novel "Oblomov", which contains a number of riddles associated with the name of the characters.

The novel contrasts two groups of proper names:

1) widespread names and surnames with an erased inner form, which, according to the author's own definition, are only "dull echoes" (referring to text I);

2) "significant" names and surnames, the motivation of which is found in the text. The most transparent are the “speaking” names of officials.

What are they talking about?

Worn out → the verb "wipe" in the meaning of "hush up the matter".

Vytyagushin → the verb "to pull" in the meaning of "to rob".

Makhov → corresponds to the phraseological unit “give up everything”.

Thus, these names of officials directly characterize their activities.

The same group includes the surname Tarantiev.

Find the same root words in Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary.

(To tarant is to speak briskly, sharply, quickly, hastily, to chatter).

Taranta (obl.) Is a lively and sharp talker.

“His movements were bold and sweeping; he spoke loudly, boldly and always angrily; if you listen to it at some distance, it’s as if three empty carts are driving across the bridge. ”

Tarantiev's name - Micah - reveals literary connections and refers to one of the heroes of Gogol's "Dead Souls".

To whom exactly, who bears the same name?(To Sobakevich)

There is a connection with the folklore character, whom the same Sobakevich very much resembled.(Bear).

In the novel "Oblomov" proper names are combined into a rather harmonious system: its periphery is made up of "speaking" names, which are given, as a rule, to secondary characters, in the center are the names of the main characters. These names are characterized by a plurality of meanings.

The name of the main character of the novel, included in the title, has repeatedly attracted the attention of researchers.

Let's try and we will conduct a small study, with which words the name Oblomov relates and how its meaning is revealed.

(Students themselves name some words: fragment, bummer, break off; the list of words is supplemented with the help of V. Dahl's dictionary).

If the students no longer offer other options, then the work continues with the help of the teacher. The task of the students is to clarify the meaning of words and expressions.

Will Goncharov confirm our observations?

Let's turn to the text of the novel.

“... (he) was glad that he was lying, carefree, like a newborn baby ...;

... I am a flabby, shabby, worn-out caftan ...;

He felt sad and painful because of his underdevelopment, a halt in the growth of moral strength, for the heaviness that interferes with everything;

From the first minute, when I realized myself, I felt that I was already going out ... He ... fell asleep as strong as a stone, sleep. "

Find words and expressions in sentences that match our observations.

Thus, the text regularly emphasizes the early "extinction" of the forces of the spirit and the lack of integrity in the character of the hero.

The plurality of motivations of the Oblomov surname is connected, as we can see, with different meanings: first of all, it is under-incarnation, which manifests itself in the “breakdown” of a possible but unrealized life path (“He has not advanced a step in any field”), lack of integrity, a circle , reflecting the features of the hero's biographical time and the repetition of "the same thing that happened with grandfathers and fathers." "Sleepy kingdom" Oblomovka can be graphically depicted in the form of a circle "What is Oblomovka, if not all forgotten, miraculously survived" blissful corner "- a fragment of Eden?" - writes Y. Lomits in the book "Goncharov".

The name and patronymic of the hero, united by repetition - Ilya Ilyich - are associated with the image of time that is consistent with the novel. The passage of time in Pshenitsyna's house, as in Oblomovka, is compared with the slow gradualness with which the geological changes of our planet occur: a mountain is slowly crumbling there, here for centuries the sea deposits silt or recedes from the coast and forms an increment of soil. This expanded image extends to Oblomov's life in the last part of the novel:

“But the mountain was crumbling little by little, the sea receded from the coast or tide to him, and Oblomov gradually enteredold normal own life".

Biographical time turns out to be reversible, and in Pshenitsyna's house Ilya Ilyich again returns to the world of childhood - the world of Oblomovka: the end of life repeats its beginning, the circle is closed:

"The present and the past have merged and mixed ..."

What is the meaning of the hero's surname especially stands out in the ending of the novel?

A circle. But at the same time, the meanings associated with the verb break (break off) also turn out to be significant. In "a forgotten corner, alien to movement, struggle and life", Oblomov stops time, overcomes it, but the acquired ideal of peace, in turn, breaks off the wings of his soul, plunges him into sleep.

Compare : “You had wings, but you untied them;

... he has a mind no less than others, only he is buried, crushed by all sorts of rubbish and fell asleep in idleness. "

The name of the hero, Ilya, indicates not only "eternal repetition" (Ilya Ilyich), but also has folklore and mythological roots.

What associations arise in this regard?(Ilya Muromets, Ilya the prophet).

The name connects Oblomov with the world of his ancestors, brings his image closer to the image of an epic hero and prophet. Oblomov's name, it turns out, unites, it carries in itself an indication of both prolonged static ("motionless" rest), and the possibility of overcoming it, the acquisition of saving fire, but this possibility remains unrealized in the fate of the hero. Confirm with the text of the novel:

“... in my life, after all (neither) when (not) lit (neither) saving, (nor) destructive fire ... Either I (did not) understand this life, or it (not) where

(does not) suit, but I (did not) know anything better, (did not) see, (nor) anyone (did not) show it to me. "

1. Open brackets, insert missing letters, place punctuation marks.

The antipode of Oblomov is Andrei Ivanovich Stolz.

Their names and surnames are also contrasting. This opposition has a special character: it is not the proper names themselves that are opposed, but the meanings generated by them.

Oblomov's “childishness”, “under-incarnation”, “roundness” is opposed to the “masculinity” of Stolz (Andrey is from the ancient Greek “courageous, brave”), and to the meekness, gentleness, “natural gold” of the heart of Ilya Ilyich is the pride (StOIZ - “proud”) of an active human and rationalist. Stolz's pride has different manifestations in the novel: from self-confidence and awareness of his own willpower to saving the strength of the soul. The German surname of the hero, opposed to the Russian surname Oblomov, introduces into the text of the novel the opposition of two worlds: "our" (Russian, patriarchal) and "alien".

Olga Ilyinskaya (after marriage - Stolz) occupies a special place in the system of images of the novel.

How does her name emphasize the internal connection with Oblomov?

Ilyinskaya - a repetition of Oblomov's name in the structure of the heroine's surname. According to E. Krasnoshchekova, “in an ideal, fate-conceived version, Olga was intended for Ilya Ilyich. But the insurmountability of circumstances divorced them. The drama of human under-incarnation was revealed in the sad finale by the fate of the blessed meeting. "

What is the reason, what is indicated by the change in the name of Olga Ilyinskaya → Stolz?

This change reflects both the development of the plot of the novel and the development of the character of the heroine.

Her name itself evokes persistent associations among readers. "Missionary" (according to the subtle remark of I. Annensky) Olga bears the name of the first Russian saint (Olga → German. Helge - "under the auspices of a deity"; "sacred", "prophetic"). As P.A. Florensky, the name Olga reveals a number of character traits of those who wear it: “Olga ... stands firmly on the ground. By her integrity, Olga is non-stop and in her own way straightforward ... Once she has gone by will to a certain goal, Olga will completely and without looking back go to achieve this goal, sparing neither others nor herself. "

In the finale of the novel, Oblomov's son Andrei Ilyich appears, who is brought up in the Stolz house and bears his name. The future belongs to him.

Please comment on this combination of names of opposing heroes.

The unification of names serves as a sign of the characters and the philosophies they represent.

Lesson summary ... So, we have made sure that proper names play an important role in the structure of the text and the figurative system of the novel. They not only determine the essential features of the characters of the heroes, but also reflect the main plot lines of the work; their significance is one of the features of the writer's style.

Homework:

Olga Ilyinskaya in the novel is contrasted with Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna.

1. What can the name of the heroine tell us?

2. Find in the text of the novel there are portraits of Olga and Agafya Matveyevna. Check it out contrasting details.

3. Wheat in Christian symbolism is a sign of rebirth. When and why does the transformation of Agafya Matveyevna take place, the revival of her soul?

4. She realized that she had lost and her life brightened, that God put his soul into her life and took it out again, that the sun shone in her and faded forever ... Forever, really; but on the other hand, her life was also comprehended forever: now she already knew why she lived and that she had not lived in vain. "

Place punctuation marks, explain their setting.

Find keywords in the text that create images of light and radiance.

Materials for the lesson.

I. “Many called him Ivan Ivanovich, others Ivan Vasilievich, and others Ivan Mikhailovich. His surname was also called differently, some said that he was Ivanov, others called Vasiliev or Andreev, and others thought that he was Alekseev ... All this Alekseev, Vasiliev Andreev, or whatever you like, there is some incomplete faceless hint of the mass of people, a dull echo of its vague reflection. "

II. “(He) was glad that he was lying, carefree like a newborn baby ...;

... I am a flabby, shabby, worn-out caftan; He felt sad and painful because of his underdevelopment, a halt in the growth of moral strength, for the heaviness that interferes with everything;

And envy gnawed at him that others lived so fully and widely, while it was as if a heavy stone had been thrown on the narrow and pitiful path of his existence;

From the first minute, when I became conscious of myself, I felt that I was already going out ";

He ... fell asleep as sound as a stone sleep.

III. “In my life, after all (n-) when (n-) lit (n-) some (n-) saving (n-) destructive fire ... Either I (n-) understood this life or it (n-) where (n -) is good, but better I (n-) what (n-) knew (n-) seen (n-) who (n-) pointed it out to me. "

Goncharov's novel Oblomov is a landmark work of 19th century literature, touching upon both acute social and many philosophical problems, while remaining relevant and interesting to the modern reader. The ideological meaning of the novel "Oblomov" is based on the opposition of an active, new social and personal principle with an obsolete, passive and degrading one. In the work, the author reveals these principles at several existential levels, therefore, in order to fully understand the meaning of the work, a detailed consideration of each of them is required.

The public meaning of the novel

In his novel Oblomov, Goncharov was the first to introduce the concept of Oblomovism as a generalized name for outdated patriarchal-landowners' foundations, personal degradation, and the stagnation of a whole social stratum of the Russian philistine, unwilling to accept new social trends and norms. The author considered this phenomenon on the example of the protagonist of the novel, Oblomov, whose childhood was spent in the distant Oblomovka, where everyone lived quietly, lazily, taking little interest and almost not caring about anything. The hero's native village becomes the embodiment of the ideals of the Russian old-bourgeois society - a kind of hedonistic idyll, a “conserved paradise” where there is no need to study, work or develop.

Depicting Oblomov as a "superfluous person", Goncharov, unlike Griboyedov and Pushkin, whose characters of this type were ahead of society, introduces into the narrative a hero lagging behind society and living in the distant past. An active, active, educated environment oppresses Oblomov - the ideals of Stolz with his work for the sake of labor are alien to him, even his beloved Olga is ahead of Ilya Ilyich, approaching everything from a practical side. Stolz, Olga, Tarantiev, Mukhoyarov, and other acquaintances of Oblomov are representatives of a new, "urban" type of personality. They are more practitioners than theoreticians, they do not dream, but do, create new things - someone working honestly, someone cheating.

Goncharov condemns "Oblomovism" with its gravitation towards the past, laziness, apathy and complete spiritual withering away of the personality, when a person essentially becomes a "plant" lying around the clock on the sofa. However, Goncharov also depicts the images of modern, new people as ambiguous - they do not have the peace of mind and inner poetry that Oblomov had (remember that only resting with a friend, Stolz found this peace of mind, and already married Olga is sad for something far away and is afraid to dream making excuses to her husband).

At the end of the work, Goncharov does not make a definite conclusion who is right - the practitioner Stolz or the dreamer Oblomov. However, the reader understands that it was precisely because of "Oblomovism", as a phenomenon of sharply negative and long obsolete, that Ilya Ilyich "disappeared". That is why the social meaning of Goncharov's novel Oblomov is the need for constant development and movement - both in the continuous construction and creation of the surrounding world, and in work on the development of one's own personality.

The meaning of the title of the work

The meaning of the title of the novel "Oblomov" is closely related to the main theme of the work - it was named after the name of the protagonist Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, and is also associated with the social phenomenon "Oblomovism" described in the novel. The etymology of the name is interpreted by researchers in different ways. So, the most widespread version is that the word "bummer" comes from the words "fragment", "break off", "break", denoting the state of mental and social breakdown of the landlord nobility, when it turned out to be in a borderline state between the desire to preserve the old traditions and foundations and the need to change to the requirements of the era, from a creator person to become a practical person.

In addition, there is a version about the connection of the title with the Old Slavonic root "oblo" - "round", which corresponds to the description of the hero - his "rounded" appearance and his quiet, calm character "without sharp corners." However, regardless of the interpretation of the title of the work, it points to the central storyline of the novel - the life of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov.

The meaning of Oblomovka in the novel

From the plot of the novel "Oblomov" the reader learns from the very beginning a lot of facts about Oblomovka, about what a wonderful place it is, how easy and good it was for the hero, and how important it is for Oblomov to return there. However, throughout the entire narrative, the events did not transfer us to the village, which makes it a truly mythical, fabulous place. Picturesque nature, gentle hills, a calm river, a hut on the edge of a ravine, which the visitor should ask to stand “back to the forest, and in front of it” in order to go inside - even in the newspapers there was never a mention of Oblomovka. No passions worried the inhabitants of Oblomovka - they were completely cut off from the world, spent their lives, arranged in constant rituals, in boredom and tranquility.

Oblomov's childhood passed in love, his parents constantly pampered Ilya, indulging all his desires. However, Oblomov was particularly impressed by the stories of the nanny, who read to him about mythical heroes and fairy-tale heroes, closely linking his native village with folklore in the hero's memory. For Ilya Ilyich Oblomovka is a distant dream, an ideal comparable, perhaps, to the beautiful ladies of medieval knights who glorified their wives, whom they sometimes never saw. In addition, the village is also a way to escape from reality, a kind of half-invented place where the hero can forget about reality and be himself - lazy, apathetic, completely calm and detached from the world around him.

The meaning of Oblomov's life in the novel

Oblomov's whole life is connected only with that distant, quiet and harmonious Oblomovka, however, the mythical estate exists only in the hero's memories and dreams - pictures from the past never come to him in a cheerful state, his native village appears before him as a kind of distant vision, in its own way unattainable like any mythical city. Ilya Ilyich in every possible way opposes the real perception of his native Oblomovka - he still does not plan the future estate, he hesitates for a long time with an answer to the headman's letter, and in a dream he does not seem to notice the uncomfortableness of the house - the crooked gates, the sunken roof, the swaying porch, the neglected garden. Yes, and he really does not want to go there - Oblomov is afraid that seeing a dilapidated, ruined Oblomovka that has nothing to do with his dreams and memories, he will lose his last illusions, for which he grabs with all his might and for which he lives.

The only thing that causes complete happiness in Oblomov is dreams and illusions. He is afraid of real life, afraid of getting married, which he dreamed of many times, afraid to break himself and become different. Having wrapped himself in an old robe and continuing to lie on the bed, he “conserves” himself in a state of “Oblomovism” - in general, the dressing gown in the work is, as it were, part of that mythical world that returns the hero to a state of laziness at the end of his extinction.

The meaning of the hero's life in Oblomov's novel boils down to gradual dying - both moral and mental, and physical, in order to maintain his own illusions. The hero does not want to say goodbye to the past so much that he is ready to sacrifice a full life, the opportunity to feel every moment and recognize every feeling for the sake of mythical ideals and dreams.

Conclusion

In the novel Oblomov, Goncharov depicted the tragic story of the extinction of a person for whom the illusory past has become more important than the multifaceted and beautiful present - friendship, love, social well-being. The meaning of the work indicates that it is important not to stop at one place, indulging oneself with illusions, but always strive forward, expanding the boundaries of one's own “comfort zone”.

Product test

In the novel "Oblomov", the mastery of Goncharov as a prose writer manifested itself in full force. Gorky, who called Goncharov "one of the giants of Russian literature," noted his special, plastic language. Goncharov's poetic language, his talent for figurative reproduction of life, the art of creating typical characters, compositional completeness and the enormous artistic power of the picture of Oblomovism and the image of Ilya Ilyich presented in the novel - all this contributed to the fact that the novel "Oblomov" took its rightful place among the masterpieces of world classics.

Of great importance in the work is the portrait characterization of the heroes, with the help of which the reader gets to know the characters and makes an idea of ​​them and the traits of their characters. The protagonist of the novel, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, is a man of thirty two to thirty three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, in which there is no idea, with a pale complexion, plump hands and a pampered body. Already from this portrait characteristic, we can get an idea of ​​the hero's lifestyle and mental qualities: the details of his portrait speak of a lazy, immobile lifestyle, of his habit of spending aimlessly. However, Goncharov emphasizes that Ilya Ilyich is a pleasant person, gentle, kind and sincere. The portrait characterization, as it were, prepares the reader for the collapse of life that Oblomov inevitably awaited.

In the portrait of Oblomov's antipode, Andrei Stolz, the author used different colors. Stolz is the same age as Oblomov, he is already over thirty. He is in motion, all made up of bones and muscles. Getting acquainted with the portrait characteristics of this hero, we understand that Stolz is a strong, energetic, purposeful person who is alien to dreaminess. But this almost ideal personality resembles a mechanism, not a living person, and this repels the reader.

Other features prevail in the portrait of Olga Ilyinskaya. She “was not a beauty in the strict sense of the word: there was neither whiteness in her, nor the bright color of her cheeks and lips, and her eyes did not burn with rays of inner fire, there were no pearls in her mouth and corals on her lips, there were no miniature hands with fingers in the form of grapes ". The size of the head and the oval and the size of the face strictly corresponded to a somewhat high growth, all this, in turn, was in harmony with the shoulders, the shoulders - with the camp ... The nose formed a slightly noticeable graceful line. Lips thin and compressed - a sign of a seeker, focused on something thought. This portrait testifies to the fact that before us is a proud, intelligent, a little conceited woman.

In the portrait of Agafya Matveyevna Pshenitsyna, such features as gentleness, kindness and lack of will emerge. She is about thirty years old. She had almost no eyebrows, her eyes were "grayish obedient," like the rest of her expression. The hands are white, but stiff, with protruding knots of blue veins. Oblomov accepts her for who she is and gives her an apt assessment: "What she is ... simple." It was this woman who was next to Ilya Ilyich until his last minute, his last breath, gave birth to his son.

Equally important for characterizing the character is the description of the interior. In this, Goncharov is a talented continuer of Gogol's traditions. Thanks to the abundance of everyday details in the first part of the novel, the reader can get an idea of ​​the character's peculiarities: “How Oblomov's home suit went to his deceased features ... long, soft and wide, when, without looking, he lowered his legs from the bed to the floor, he certainly fell into them right away ... "Describing in detail the objects surrounding Oblomov in everyday life, Goncharov draws attention to the hero's indifference to these things. But oblomov, indifferent to everyday life, remains his captive throughout the novel.

The image of the robe, which appears repeatedly in the novel and indicates a certain state of Oblomov, is deeply symbolic. At the beginning of the story, a comfortable robe is an integral part of the hero's personality. During the period of Ilya Ilyich's love, he disappears, and returns to the shoulders of the owner on the evening when the hero broke up with Olga.

The branch of lilacs plucked by Olga during her walk with Oblomov is also symbolic. For Olga and Oblomov, this thread was a symbol of the beginning of their relationship and at the same time heralded the end. Another important detail is the opening of bridges on the Neva. The bridges were lifted at a time when Oblomov, who lived on the Vyborg side, had a turning point in the direction of the widow Pshenitsyna, when he fully realized the consequences of life with Olga, got scared of this life and again began to plunge into apathy. The thread connecting Olga and Oblomov broke, and it cannot be forced to grow together, therefore, when the bridges were built, the connection between Olga and Oblomov was not restored. The snow falling in flakes is also symbolic, which marks the end of the hero's love and, at the same time, the sunset of his life.

It is no coincidence that the author describes in such detail the house in the Crimea, in which Olga and Stolz settled. The decoration of the house "bore the stamp of the thought and personal taste of the owners", it contained a lot of engravings, statues, books, which speaks of the education, high culture of Olga and Andrei.

An integral part of the artistic images created by Goncharov and the ideological content of the work as a whole are the names of the heroes. The names of the heroes in the novel "Oblomov" carry a great semantic load. The protagonist of the novel, according to the primordial Russian tradition, received his surname from the family estate Oblomovka, the name of which goes back to the word "fragment": a fragment of the old way of life, patriarchal Russia. Reflecting on Russian life and its typical representatives of his time, Goncharov was one of the first to notice the failure of internal national features, fraught with a precipice, or a breakdown. Ivan Alexandrovich foresaw the terrible state into which Russian society began to fall in the 19th century and which by the 20th century had become a mass phenomenon. Laziness, lack of a definite goal in life, burning and desire to work has become a distinctive national feature. There is another explanation for the origin of the name of the protagonist: in folk tales, the concept of "sleep-oblomon" is often found, which enchants a person, as if crushes him with a gravestone, dooming him to a slow, gradual extinction.

Analyzing contemporary life, Goncharov looked for the antipode of Oblomov among the Alekseevs, Petrovs, Mikhailovs and other persons. As a result of these searches, a hero with a German surname arose Stolz(translated from German - "proud, full of self-esteem, aware of his superiority").

Ilya Ilyich all his conscious life strove for an existence "which would be full of content, and would flow quietly, day after day, drop by drop, in silent contemplation of nature and quiet, barely creeping phenomena of family, peacefully busy life." He found such an existence in Pshenitsyna's house. “She was very white and full in her face, so the blush couldn't seem to break through her cheeks (like a wheat bun). The name of this heroine - Agafia- translated from Greek means "kind, good". Agafya Matveyevna is a type of modest and meek woman-mistress, an example of female kindness and tenderness, whose vital interests were limited only to family concerns. Oblomov's maid Anisya(translated from Greek - "fulfillment, benefit, completion") is close in spirit to Agafya Matveyevna, and therefore they so quickly became friends and became inseparable.

But if Agafya Matveyevna loved Oblomov thoughtlessly and selflessly, Olga Ilyinskaya literally “fought” for him. For the sake of his awakening, she was ready to sacrifice her life. Olga loved Ilya for his own sake (hence the surname Ilyinskaya).

The surname of Oblomov's "friend" Tarantieva, carries a hint of the word ram... In the relations of Mikhei Andreevich with people, such qualities as rudeness, arrogance, persistence and unprincipledness are revealed. Isai Fomich Overwritten, to whom Oblomov gave the power of attorney to manage the estate, turned out to be a fraud, grated roll... In conspiracy with Tarantiev and brother Pshenitsyna, he skillfully robbed Oblomov and well wiped out their footprints.

Speaking about the artistic features of the novel, one cannot ignore the landscape sketches: for Olga, walks in the garden, a lilac branch, flowering fields - all this is associated with love, feelings. Oblomov also realizes that he is connected with nature, although he does not understand why Olga constantly pulls him for a walk, enjoys the surrounding nature, spring, happiness. The landscape creates a psychological background for the entire story.

To reveal the feelings and thoughts of the heroes, the author uses such a technique as an internal monologue. This technique is most clearly revealed in the description of Oblomov's feelings for Olga Ilyinskaya. The author constantly shows thoughts, remarks, internal reasoning of the heroes.

Throughout the entire novel, Goncharov subtly jokes, sneers at his heroes. This irony is especially noticeable in the dialogues between Oblomov and Zakhar. This is how the scene of putting the robe on the shoulders of the owner is described. “Ilya Ilyich hardly noticed how Zakhar undressed him, took off his boots and threw a robe over him.

What's this? he only asked, glancing at the robe.

The hostess brought it today: they washed and repaired the dressing gown, - said Zakhar.

Oblomov sat down and remained in his chair. "

The main compositional device of the novel is the antithesis. The author contrasts images (Oblomov - Stolz, Olga Ilyinskaya - Agafya Pshenitsyna), feelings (Olga's love, selfish, proud, and Agafya Matveyevna's love, selfless, all-forgiving), lifestyle, portrait characteristics, character traits, events and concepts, details (branch lilac, symbolizing hope for a brighter future, and a robe like a quagmire of laziness and apathy). Antithesis makes it possible to more clearly identify the individual traits of the characters of the heroes, see and understand two incomparable poles (for example, two colliding states of Oblomov - violent temporary activity and laziness, apathy), and also helps to penetrate into the inner world of the hero, to show the contrast that is present not only in the external but also in the spirit world.

The beginning of the work is built on the collision of the vain world of St. Petersburg and the isolated inner world of Oblomov. All visitors (Volkov, Sudbinsky, Alekseev, Penkin, Tarantyev) who visit Oblomov are prominent representatives of a society living by the laws of falsehood. The main character seeks to isolate himself from them, from the dirt that his acquaintances bring in the form of invitations and news: “Don't come, don't come! You're out of the cold! "

At the reception of the antithesis, the entire system of images in the novel is built: Oblomov - Stolz, Olga - Agafya Matveevna. The portrait characterization of the heroes is also given in opposition. So, Oblomov is plump, full, "with the absence of any definite idea, any concentration in the facial features"; Stolz, on the other hand, consists entirely of bones and muscles, "he is incessantly in motion." Two completely different types of character, and it is difficult to believe that there can be anything in common between them. And yet it is so. Andrei, despite his categorical rejection of Ilya's lifestyle, was able to discern in him features that are difficult to maintain in the stormy stream of life: naivety, gullibility and openness. Olga Ilyinskaya fell in love with him for his kind heart, "pigeon tenderness and inner purity." Oblomov is not only inactive, lazy and apathetic, he is open to the world, but some kind of invisible film prevents him from merging with him, walking the same path with Stolz, living an active full-fledged life.

Two key female characters of the novel - Olga Ilyinskaya and Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna - are also given in opposition. These two women symbolize two life paths that are provided to Oblomov as a choice. Olga is a strong, proud and purposeful nature, while Agafya Matveyevna is kind, simple and economic. It would be worth Ilya to take one step towards Olga, and he was able to plunge into the dream that was depicted in "Dream ...". But communication with Ilyinskaya was the last test for Oblomov's personality. His nature is incapable of merging with the cruel outside world. He refuses the eternal search for happiness and chooses the second path - he plunges into apathy and finds peace in the cozy house of Agafya Matveyevna.