Quest tasks using proppa cards. “Propp's cards as a means of teaching creative storytelling to preschool children” material on speech development (preparatory group) on the topic. Where else can I use it?

Purpose of the lesson: Introducing children to Propp's cards, teaching children to use cards to compose new fairy tales.

Lesson objectives:

• Learn to form nouns in the genitive and instrumental cases of the plural.
• Develop imagination, imaginative thinking, coherent speech. Nurture humanity: the ability to experience the fate of fairy-tale heroes as if it were your own.
• To promote, through a fairy tale, the development of communication with peers, kindness, and friendship.

1. Game “What will be useful on the road?”

Children enter to the music “Visiting a Fairy Tale.”

The teacher offers to go beyond distant lands to the thirtieth kingdom. Let's think about what we will need on the road?

What can you use to quickly go to the search site?

• On a magic carpet
• In boots
• On a winged horse
• On a sivka-burka
• On a humpbacked horse
• On a gray wolf
• On a flying ship, etc.

Who can show us the way?

• ring
• Clew
• Feather

Who will help us not to die of hunger and thirst?

• Self-assembled tablecloth
• That, I don’t know what, etc.

Remember the assistants who carry out any order of the hero:

• Two from the bag
• Genie from a bottle
• Aladdin's magic lamp
• Well done from the casket

Remember the miraculous drinks and fruits:

• Living and dead water
• Rejuvenating apples
• Fruits (nuts, apples) from which ears and nose grow.

Name the musical instruments:

• Drum
• Dudochka
• Horn (troops appear)

Name the assistants who are needed to delay the pursuit?

• Stick a comb into your hair (dies - comes to life)
• Scallop - forest
• Towel - river
• Brush, tooth - mountains
• Other means:
• Mother's blessing, doll, ax (butt up or down)

2. Transference to the thirtieth kingdom, distant lands (the magic remedy “I don’t know what”).

Guess the magical means with which we will travel to a magical land? - “I just called, out of nowhere, a table appeared, on it were various dishes, appetizers, snacks, wines and honeys”?

Educator: Swat Naum, are you here? Show yourself to us.

Educator: Swat Naum, take us to the distant kingdom.

(A strong wind sounds, a violent wind, weakens at the end)

Children hold hands and “curl up” into a ball.

A wild wind picked up the children and carried them away - mountains and forests, cities and villages flash below. The wind weakens and we descend into the thirtieth kingdom.

Educator: We are standing at the crossroads of three roads near a large stone, and on the stone there is an inscription:

“If you go straight, you will do a good deed”

“If you go to the right, you will disappear (you yourself will disappear or you will part with your friends forever)

“If you go left, you will find a toy”

3. “If you go left, you will find the game”

(there is a game on a stump, it is guarded by the snake Scarapea) – Game “Fairy Tale Constructor”

V.Ya. Propp studied many fairy tales and compiled a construction set; using Propp's cards you can easily compose fairy tales.

Tasks: Guess who I am? From what fairy tale

4. “Journey along a straight path.” “If you go straight, you will do a good deed”

Goal: Reproduction of the fairy tale “Little Red Riding Hood” (an old fairy tale in a new way), differentiation into semantic parts and correlation with a specific function (absence, prohibition, violation of the prohibition, trouble, way out of trouble, magical means, difficulties and trials, victory).

“House with a bell” /voice sounds/
Worth a small antique
House over a green hillock
There is a bell hanging at the entrance,
Decorated with silver.
And if you gently, quietly
You will call it
Then believe me,
That an old lady will wake up in the house,
Gray-haired, gray-haired old lady,
And immediately open the door
The old lady will say affably:
- Come in, don’t be shy, my friend! –
He will put the samovar on the table,
A pie is baked in the oven
And he will be with you
Drink tea until dark,
And a good old fairy tale
She'll tell you.

Let's ring the bell.

- Nobody opens it.

There is a note at the door: “The evil witch mixed up all the pages in my book of fairy tales. Help me collect the book, and then I can return to my hut.”

Separately there are pages from books on fairy tales “Little Red Riding Hood”, “The Three Little Pigs”, “Puss in Boots”, “Masha and the Bear”, “Little Muk”, “Doctor Aibolit”.

1. Once upon a time there was a girl. Grandmother gave her a red riding hood. The girl wore a cap every day and was nicknamed Little Red Riding Hood. One day Little Red Riding Hood went to her grandmother to take a pot of butter and a pie.
2. “Walk straight along the path and don’t turn anywhere,” her mother told her. Don't talk to anyone on the road, it's very dangerous.
3. But the girl picked flowers, feasted on berries, sang loudly and met a wolf. She told him that she was going to her grandmother, who lived on the edge of the village.
4. The wolf ran to grandma along a short path. He runs, and towards him... Naf - Naf. The wolf was happy, he wanted to eat him, and the pig invited him to go visit him, where his two brothers Nif - Nif and Nuf-Nuf - were waiting for him.
5. The wolf decided to eat the piglets and went to visit Naf-Naf. But Naf - Naf quickly slammed the door in front of the wolf’s very nose. The wolf lost time
6. And when he came to his grandmother, Little Red Riding Hood was already there.
7. They began to live - to live, not to know grief

The wolf ran to the grandmother along a short path, and when he ran to her, Doctor Aibolit was visiting her, who came to find out how the grandmother was doing.

And then Little Red Riding Hood came up.

The wolf ran to her grandmother, and Little Red Riding Hood met Carlson, who invited her to take a ride to her grandmother and drank tea with jam. And the wolf was treated to sausages and he stayed to guard his grandmother’s house.

Educator: That's how wonderful it turned out.

The pages in the magic book got mixed up, but surprisingly, new and interesting fairy tales turned out... We composed these fairy tales ourselves and are giving the old lady “Old fairy tales in a new way.”

5. We return to the intersection. “If you go to the right, you will be lost”

Baba Yaga's hut.

B.-Y.: “Fu-fu-fu! Before, the Russian spirit was unheard of, unseen; Nowadays the Russian spirit sits on a spoon and rolls into its own mouth.”

Voss: You, grandma, don’t scold, get off the stove and sit on the bench. You will have time to ride on our bones. Better come play with us. Guess which fairy tale the sons of Malanya are from. If you guess right, we will stay with you. If you don’t guess, you’ll let us go in peace.

Fizminutka Game “At Malanya’s, at the old lady’s”

Goal: Formation of the grammatical structure of speech. The formation of words in the instrumental and genitive cases of the singular and plural, the formation of new words with the help of suffixes (ate, fought, chilled, ran away, shot, heard, drank)

At Malanya's, at the old lady's,
In a cramped little hut,
There were five sons
And all without eyebrows.
With ears like these,
With eyes like these
With a head like this
With such a beard
Didn't eat anything
We looked all day
And they did everything like this!

Vos-l: – Who helped us B.-Ya. win. True, ingenuity is an addition to the mind. Rely on magic, but don’t make a mistake yourself.

6. Hurry, matchmaker Naum, return us to kindergarten.

A “strong whirlwind” sounds - a violent wind picked up and carried the children: mountains and forests, cities and villages flash below. The wind weakened and we descended. Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.

7. Game “Reporter”

Writing fairy tales using Propp's cards using reference tables.

Let's call Propp's cards. Enumeration: absence (the hero’s departure from home),

prohibition, violation of prohibition , trouble, way out of trouble, magical remedies, difficulties and trials, victory.

Target: Reproduction of new fairy tales invented by children, in order of functions (using Propp’s cards), (using cards from the game “Fairy Tale Constructor”, “support” cards).

1. Fairy tale “About the good girl Masha.”
2. Fairy tale “The Enchanted Princess”.

The famous Soviet folklorist Vladimir Yakovlevich Propp in his book “Morphology of Fairy Tales” “divided” folk tales into functions. “A fairy tale,” notes V. Ya. Propp, “often attributes the same actions to different characters. This gives us the opportunity to study a fairy tale based on the functions of the characters. Function is understood as the action of the actor, defined from the point of view of its dependence on the course of action.”
After analyzing the structure of fairy tales, V. Ya. Propp formulated the following three principles:
. constant, stable elements of a fairy tale are the functions of the characters, regardless of who and how they are performed;
. the number of functions known to a fairy tale is limited;
. the sequence of functions is always the same. According to Propp's system, there are thirty-one of these functions, taking into account the fact that they vary and change internally:
1) absence of any family member;
2) a ban addressed to the hero;
3) violation of the ban;
4) scouting;
5) issuance;
6) catch;
7) involuntary complicity;
8) sabotage (or shortage);
9) mediation;
10) beginning counteraction;
11) the hero’s departure from home;
12) test of the hero by the donor;
13) the hero’s reaction to the actions of the future donor;
14) receiving a magical remedy;
15) moving the hero to the location of the subject of the search;
16) entry of the hero and antagonist into the struggle;
17) the hero receives a mark;
18) defeat of the antagonist;
19) elimination of trouble or shortage;
20) return of the hero;
21) pursuit of the hero;
22) deliverance of the hero from persecution;
23) the arrival of an unrecognized hero to his home or to another country;
24) unfounded claims of a false hero;
25) a difficult task for the hero;
26) problem solving;
27) hero identification;
28) exposing a false hero or antagonist;
29) the hero getting a new look;
30) punishment of the enemy;
31) the hero’s marriage.
“Of course, not all fairy tales have all these functional elements; the strict sequence of functions may be violated, jumps, additions, and synthesis are possible, but this does not contradict the main course of development of the action. A fairy tale can begin with the first function, with the seventh or with the twelfth...”
According to Propp, the structure of a fairy tale echoes the structure of childhood experience, which inevitably includes completing a task, fights, difficult trials, and disappointments.
An attempt by L. E. Tumina to analyze the structure of children's fairy tales, based on Propp's theory, showed that the frequently used functions of the characters in children's fairy tales are those that, in fact, create the movement of the fairy tale.
1) absence of one of the family members, considered as a preparatory part;
2) sabotage or shortage, acting as a starting point;
3) the elimination of trouble or shortage is the climax of the fairy tale;
4) the return of the hero - denouement.
Some functions of the characters (17, 24, 27-30) are absent in children's fairy tales.
For more information about using cards and their options, see JI. E. Tumina. J. Rodari mentions in his book another game with cards - “Let's put the cards on the table”, which can also be used in the classroom. We often use the following cards:
1) the appearance of a hero;
2) order or prohibition;
3) violation of the ban;
4) sabotage;
5) departure of the hero;
6) difficult trials;
7) meeting with the donor;
8) task;
9) magical gifts;
10) supernatural properties of the enemy;
11) fight;
12) elimination of trouble;
13) false hero;
14) return;
15) arrival home;
16) exposing the false hero;
17) recognition of the hero;
18) punishment of the enemy;
19) wedding.
The drawings on the cards should accurately reflect the function, but it is better not to use scenes from famous fairy tales so that there is no “binding”. It is enough to discuss each function with the children.

From the book "Basics of Puppet Therapy"
L. G. Grebenshchikova

Gulshat Sagitova
Propp's maps (from work experience)

Dear Colleagues!

I would like to start my master class with the words of D. Rodari “Fairy tales, good and bad, can help educate the mind. A fairy tale can give the keys to enter reality in new ways, it can help a child get to know the world, it can gift his imagination and teach him to critically perceive his surroundings.”

The problem of speech development of preschool children is very relevant today, since the percentage of preschool children with various speech disorders remains consistently high.

Speech is one of the important lines of child development. Thanks to his native language, the baby enters our world and receives ample opportunities to communicate with other people. Poorly speaking children, beginning to realize their shortcomings, become silent, shy, and indecisive; it becomes difficult for them to communicate with other people (adults and peers,

cognitive activity decreases. This happens because a child with various speech problems becomes "complicated" interlocutor; it is difficult for him to be understood by others. Therefore, any delay, any disturbance in the development of a child’s speech negatively affects his activity and behavior, and therefore the formation of his personality as a whole.

Working in a senior group, I came across the fact that many children can only retell with the help of leading questions, and when composing stories using pictures More often there is a tendency to list individual objects or actions, and the plot line is difficult to follow. For most children, the task of laying out a sequence of four plots is impossible. pictures and make up a story based on them, retell a familiar fairy tale.

Unfortunately, modern parents rarely tell fairy tales to their children. It is much easier to turn on an audio disc, have your child watch TV or play a computer game. This saves parents time and effort. As a result, many modern children are practically unfamiliar with fairy tales, they don’t even know "Turnip", "Koloboka", have not heard about "Teremok", "Mitten" And "Little Red Riding Hood".

teachers, working with children of senior preschool age, often find it difficult to choose techniques, methods and forms work on the development of children's word creation. To compose a creative story with preschool children, it is most advisable to use models. Therefore, for this purpose I was developed method of teaching children to retell Russian folk tales using Propp's map.

Many who are interested in fairy tales know the name Vladimir Proppa. Professor Propp studied Russian folk tales. The results of his research were published in the book "Morphology of a fairy tale". Studying the plot of fairy tales and the relationship between the heroes of the fairy tale, folklorist Vladimir Yakovlevich Propp, identified 31 permanent functions. In his work"Grammar of Fantasy" J. Rodari reduced their number to 20. Their sequence may vary and not every tale may contain them in full. Fairytale situations or functions 20 :

Violation of the ban

Sabotage

Departure of the hero

Meeting with the donor

Magic gifts or magic remedy

The Hero Appears

Pest or antihero

Homecoming

Arrival home

False hero

Difficult tests

Elimination of trouble

Recognition of the hero

Exposing the False Hero

Punishment of the False Hero

Wedding or happy ending.

The scientist also identified seven types of characters according to their functions: pest (antagonist, giver, wonderful helper, stolen hero (sought object, sender, hero, false hero. The older preschooler meets all these characters in a fairy tale, so he knows their characteristics.

Cards, which were invented by Vladimir Yakovlevich Propp these are peculiar schemes by which children recognize those events and episodes of the fairy tale that are symbolically depicted on these maps. Children create various combinations from them, according to the plot of the fairy tale.

The functions presented in the diagrams are generalized actions and concepts. They are used for in-depth analysis of fairy tales, perception of traditional ways of constructing a fairy tale and organizing the plot in it, thereby promoting the development of creative, creative thinking.

The results of recent psychological and pedagogical research have shown that it is more useful for a preschooler to offer not only an illustration, but it is also necessary to show various directions: abstract, comical, schematic, realistic, etc. All this material provides significant assistance in the development of children’s verbal creativity, since the clarity and clarity of their execution allows them to retain a large amount of information in memory and model the plot more flexibly. This allows the author of the fairy tale, when composing his own narrative, to abstract from a specific act, character, or situation.

Let's consider Propp's cards using the example of a fairy tale"Swan geese"(prohibition, violation of the prohibition, departure of the hero, task, magical gifts, supernatural properties of the antihero, struggle, victory, returning home, punishment of the false hero, happy ending).

Working with Propp's maps can be built as follows way:

At the first stage, I introduce children to the genre of literary work - a fairy tale; we identify its difference from other genres and isolate the structure of a fairy tale - its composition.

Saying. Initiation (invitation to a fairy tale) puts listeners in a special mood, transports them to a fairy-tale world. Its goal is to prepare the audience for listening to the fairy tale, to interest it (Beyond the distant fields, beyond the deep seas; In a certain kingdom, in a heavenly state, once upon a time).

The narration is full of events and so-called fabulous formulas: speech clichés, rhythmic proverbs that characterize various actions and descriptions of characters (He did such a good job - he couldn’t think of it, couldn’t guess, couldn’t describe it with a pen; Hut, hut, stand with your back to the forest, and with your front towards me, etc.).

The ending, like a saying, limits the fairy tale from real life and returns it to reality. reality: (They arranged a feast for the whole world, and there I drank sweet honey, it flowed down my mustache, but it didn’t get into my mouth; Here’s a fairy tale for you, and for me a bunch of bagels).

At the second stage, "preparatory games".

"Miracles in a sieve"- identifying various miracles, how and with the help of which transformation and magic are carried out.

"Magic Words" or fairy-tale sentences that carry the main meaning.

“What will be useful on the road”- the main magical means of fairy tales (self-assembled tablecloth, scarlet flower).

"Know the Hero"– identification of positive and negative character traits of heroes.

"What common"– comparative analysis of fairy tales from the point of view of similarities and differences between them.

"The Fourth Wheel"– definition of an extra item.

"Solving Fairytale Problems".

"Lost and found"– a golden incubator for golden eggs was found; lost three-collar chain mail, etc.

"Fairytale Dictionary"- come up with a new unprecedented word and, if possible, explain it or draw: walking boots, flying carpet, invisible hat.

At the third stage - direct familiarization with the functions of a fairy tale. We read a fairy tale and "lay out" its functions or we accompany it Propp's maps(schematic images). As you accumulate experience you can offer tasks or games:

Expose maps according to the story

Find "familiar" cards in the fairy tale I just read

Find an error in the location cards based on the plot of a fairy tale

Determine the absence of a friend cards

Separate the excess map

At the fourth stage, it is proposed to retell the fairy tale, based on Propp's maps. To do this, we need to highlight the key moments of the fairy tale, build diagrams based on the plot of the fairy tale and try to tell it according to Propp's maps.

At the fifth stage, you create your own fairy tales - a set of 5-6 is offered kart, it is agreed in advance who will be the main character, who or what will interfere with the hero, what magical means the hero will have, what the beginning and ending will be, what fairy tale words will be in the fairy tale.

Propp's maps provide invaluable assistance in the sensory development of children, since their influence extends to all senses, including tactile analyzers. The child does not simply act as a passive observer or listener, but is an energy center of creative activity, the creator of original literary works.

Propp's maps They allow you to stimulate and develop coherent speech, enrich children’s speech, and allow you to study a huge number of fairy tales, which contributes to successful learning at school.

Result working with Propp maps:

– the ability to determine the genre of a work;

– remember the sequence of events;

– highlight the main content of the tale;

– build a content scheme based on Propp's maps;

- confidently manipulate cards.

What's happened Propp's maps? Famous fairy tale researcher V.Ya. Propp analyzed the structure of Russian folk tales and identified in them a set of constant structural elements, or functions.

With help Propp's map you can easily analyze the structure of a tale by breaking it down into functions again. to your child This will help you better understand the content of the tale and make retelling easier.

Action plan

Stage 1: introduce children to as a genre of literary work. Explain the general structure of a fairy tale:
- saying, beginning (invitation to a fairy tale);
- narration;
- ending of the fairy tale (returning the listener to reality).

Stage 2: reading a fairy tale and accompanying the reading by laying out Propp's map;

Stage 3: retelling the fairy tale, based on Propp's maps;

Stage 4: at this stage you can try to compose fairy tales yourself using Propp's maps. To do this, 5-8 cards are selected, the main characters are invented, who will be the main character, the hero’s assistants and those who will harm him are chosen.

How to use creativity techniques

How can you use the fairy tale method to help your child cope with some task?
Using this method, the child, one way or another, identifies himself with the main character, plays out the situation, which ultimately helps, again, to creatively approach the task that has arisen before him and prepare for it psychologically.

To do this, you can start a fairy tale, for example, with the words: “A hero who looks like a baby goes to solve a problem. During the fairy tale, he solves the problem (problem), finds new friends, defeats the “dragon” and returns back happy.

It is advisable to direct the child to take full part in inventing (composing) a fairy tale, only occasionally helping and telling him how to “this way and that way...” build the development of the fairy tale.

In order to get the maximum effect from composing a fairy tale, it is recommended to follow a number of simple rules:

1 It is desirable that the main character and the child have some common features. Maybe they both like jam or watch the same cartoon.

2 When constructing a fairy tale, it is necessary to create a safe magical space for the main character. Therefore, formulas like: “A long time ago, in some kingdom-state” are used...

3 It’s good when the main character has a friend-helper in the space of a fairy tale. A friend in a fairy tale helps to ease mental stress and defuse emotions.

4 During the fairy tale, it is necessary to solve some problem. The main character solves a problem, acquires a certain skill and is transformed.

5 An antihero is introduced into the fairy tale - a character who must be defeated (or perhaps changed).

6 The ending of a fairy tale should be positive. The problem is solved, after which the hero returns home, receives half the kingdom and a beautiful wife.

Usage example

Here we provide a list of the main motives identified by the researcher Propp:

1. Once upon a time. We create a fabulous space. (Each fairy tale begins with the introductory words “a long time ago”, “once upon a time”, “in the thirtieth kingdom”).

2. Special circumstance (“father died”, “the sun disappeared from the sky”, “the rains stopped pouring and a drought set in”).

4. Violation of the prohibition (fairy tale characters look out of the window, leave the yard, and drink water from a puddle; at the same time, a new face appears in the fairy tale - an antagonist, a pest).

5. The hero leaves home (in this case, the hero can either set off, be sent away from home, say, with the blessing of his parents to look for his sister, or be expelled, for example, a father takes his daughter expelled by his stepmother to the forest, or leave home, turning into a goat after the ban has been violated).

6. The appearance of a friend-helper (gray wolf, puss in boots).

7. A method of achieving the goal (this could be flying on a magic carpet, using a treasure sword, etc.).

8. The enemy begins to act (the snake kidnaps the princess, the witch poisons the apple).

9. Gaining victory (breaking evil spells, physical destruction of the antagonist - the Serpent, Koshchei the Immortal, victory in the competition).

10. Pursuit (what fairy tale, like a detective story, is complete without a chase? Heroes can be pursued by geese-swans, the Serpent Gorynych, Baba Yaga, Dashing Accursed and other, no less “cute” characters).

11. The hero escapes from persecution (by hiding in a stove, turning into someone, or using magical means and covering vast distances).

12. The donor tests the hero. And then a new character appears - a wizard, a gnome, an old woman who needs help, or a beggar. Baba Yaga gives the girl the task of doing her homework, the Serpent invites the hero to lift a heavy stone.

13. The hero passes the test of the donor (everything is obvious).

14. Receiving a magical remedy (it can be transferred, made, bought, appear from nowhere, stolen, given by a donor).

15. Absence of the donor (Baba Yaga lets go in peace, the wizard disappears, the dragon hides back in the cave).

16. The hero enters into battle with the enemy (sometimes it is an open battle - with the Serpent Gorynych, sometimes a competition or a game of cards).

17. The enemy is defeated (in fairy tales, the antagonist is not only defeated in battle or competition, but also expelled or destroyed with the help of cunning).

18. The hero is marked (a mark is applied to the body or given a special object - a ring, a towel, an icon; he takes something from a defeated enemy).

19. The hero is given a difficult task (to get a ring from the bottom of the sea; to weave a carpet; to build a palace in one night; to bring something, I don’t know what).

20. The hero completes the task (how could it be otherwise?).

21. The hero is given a new look (a common technique is immersion in boiling water or hot milk, which makes the hero even more beautiful).

22. The hero returns home (usually this occurs in the same forms as the arrival, but it can also be a victorious arrival on a defeated dragon).

23. The hero is not recognized at home (sometimes due to external changes that have occurred to him, a spell cast, injury, growing up).

24. A false hero appears (that is, one who pretends to be a hero or takes credit for his merits).

25. Unmasking a false hero (this can happen as a result of special tests or testimony of authority figures).

26. Recognizing the hero. (And then a substitution is discovered. The false hero is expelled in disgrace, and our character is embraced by a loving royal couple)

27. Happy ending (a feast for the whole world, a wedding, half a kingdom to boot).

28. Moral (what conclusion can be drawn from the story that happened).

You can download the complete archive of Propp's maps for free. In the archive, in one folder there are pictures separately, and in another there are two prepared sheets so that you can print them on a printer and use them for the game.

Do you like fairy tales? Most people will answer yes to this question. Did you know that all fairy tales have their own unique set of storylines, which are found in varying quantities in each of them? This is why there are so many similar works in the fairy tales of the peoples of the world. (Russian folk tale “The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats”, English folk tale “The Wolf and the Three Little Kittens”, Persian fairy tale “Shangul and Mangul”; “Two Frosts” and “Old Frost and Young Frost” (Lithuanian); “Truth and Falsehood” (Yakut) and “How the Brothers Made Fire" (Chuvash); “The Fox and the Burbot" (Yakut) and “The Fox and the Crayfish" (Russian). Since ancient times, fairy tales have taught, lulled, and entertained. Nowadays, this genre is no less relevant , even more, it is included in school general education programs. Most works of folk art have an educational purpose. Unobtrusively, young children are instilled with the idea that walking alone in the forest is dangerous - there are wolves, the savvy will always defeat the scientist, the good - the evil, and to become a real hero you need pass the test. Taking the proposed scheme as a basis, any person far from literary creativity can compose his own fairy tale, simply following step by step according to the specified stencil. The author of the analysis of the structure of a fairy tale is the outstanding Soviet scientist, famous fairy tale researcher Vladimir Yakovlevich Propp, who wrote during his life 4 scientific works and devoted his life to the study of world folklore. Vladimir Yakovlevich, based on studies of Russian fairy tales, identified a sequence of similar structural elements (functions) that are found in all fairy tales. In total, Propp identified 30 such elements. His followers (students) reduced the number of elements to 28. According to the author of the method, the model for analyzing fairy tales provides for the presence of constant and variable members. The heroes may be different, but the events that happen to them are always approximately the same. That is, we can say that this is a kind of construction set from which you can assemble very different designs, but it will always be based on the same elements. Of course, a fairy tale does not necessarily have to contain all these elements. So what are these elements? Let me introduce some of them. 1. Once upon a time. We create a fabulous space. (Each fairy tale begins with introductory words to the kingdom.) words “long ago,” “once upon a time,” “once upon a time,” “in 3. Prohibition (“don’t open the window,” “don’t leave the yard,” “don’t drink water”). 4. Violation of the prohibition (fairy tale characters look out of the window, leave the yard, and drink water from a puddle; at the same time, a new face appears in the fairy tale - an antagonist, a pest).

5. The hero leaves home (in this case, the hero can either set off, be sent away from home, say, with the blessing of his parents to look for his sister, or be expelled, for example, a father takes his daughter expelled by his stepmother to the forest, or leave home, turning into a goat after the ban has been violated). 6. The appearance of a friend and assistant (gray wolf, puss in boots). and Full find: http://www.planerka.info/item/KartyProppa) elements description can be a list of method Using “Propp's cards” as a methodological technique was proposed by J. Rodari in the book “The Grammar of Fantasy”. What can Propp's maps be useful for? Firstly, with the help of Propp's maps you can easily analyze the structure of a fairy tale, breaking it down into functions. This will help the child better understand the content of the fairy tale and make retelling easier. The clarity and colorfulness of the cards allows children to retain a large amount of information in their memory. In addition, these cards stimulate the development of mental processes, activate coherent speech, and enrich the vocabulary. The functions presented in fairy tales (prohibition, appearance of a hero, victory, returning home) are generalized actions, concepts - this allows children to abstract from a specific action, hero, situation, and therefore, logical thinking in children will develop more intensively. Maps also provide invaluable assistance in the sensory development of children, because they affect all senses. I organize my work with Propp's maps as follows. At the first stage, I introduce children to the genre of literary work - a fairy tale; Together with students, we identify its differences from other genres and isolate the structure of a fairy tale (composition). At the next stage, a direct acquaintance with the functions of a fairy tale takes place. We read the fairy tale and “lay out” it according to its functions, accompanying it with Propp’s maps (schematic images). Here you can use ready-made cards, or you can invite students to prepare cards themselves. The most important thing is that the drawing must be recognizable. This visual aid is recommended by modern teachers and

psychologists as one of the productive methods for developing speech, memory and imagination. And it’s not surprising, because Propp’s cards combine both creativity (drawing, modeling, literature) and play. As you gain experience, you can offer the following tasks: arrange the cards along the plot, find “familiar” cards in the fairy tale you just read, find an error in the arrangement of cards according to the plot of the fairy tale, determine the absence of a familiar card, separate the extra card. The next stage offers a retelling of the fairy tale based on Propp’s cards. To do this, you need to highlight the key moments of the fairy tale, build diagrams based on the plot of the fairy tale, and try to tell it using Propp's cards. At the fourth stage, you create your own fairy tales, a set of 56 cards is offered, it is agreed in advance who will be the main character, who or what will interfere with the hero, what magical means the hero will have, what the beginning and ending will be, what fairy tale words will be in the fairy tale, etc. .d. And in the end, the children come to compose their own unique fairy tale. V.Ya. Propp in his book “Russian Fairy Tale” noted: “The universality of the fairy tale, its, so to speak, ubiquity, is as amazing as its immortality.”