Intercessors in Rus' live well. People's intercessors: Ermil Girin and Grisha Dobrosklonov based on Nekrasov's poem Who Lives Well in Rus' essay. Several interesting essays

Essays on literature: “People’s intercessors” in the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'” The theme of the “people's protector” runs through the entire work of N. A. Nekrasov, and it also sounds in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” Many writers and poets have tried to answer the question “What to do?” Nekrasov also looked for an answer to this in his work. What to strive for in life? What is the real happiness of a person in Russia? What needs to be done to make everyone happy? - he asked himself. The poet believed that to resolve these issues, people are needed who are able to join the fight and lead others.

He showed such characters in the images of Yakim Nagogo, Ermila Girin, Savely Korchagin, Grisha Dobrosklonov. In Yakima, Nagom presents the peculiar character of the people's truth-seeker. He lives a miserable life, like all the peasantry, but is distinguished by his rebellious disposition. Yakim is ready to stand up for his rights. This is what he says about the people: Every peasant has a Soul that is like a black cloud, Angry, menacing - and it would be necessary for Thunder to thunder from there, to rain bloody rains. Ermila Girin is a man whom the people themselves chose as mayor, recognizing his justice. Even as a clerk, Ermila gained authority among the people because... he would advise and provide information; Where there is enough strength, he will help out, He will not ask for gratitude, And if you give, he will not take it!

But Yermila was also guilty: he shielded his younger brother from recruiting, but the people forgave him for his sincere repentance. Only Ermila’s conscience was not at peace: he left the mayor’s office and hired a mill. And again the people fell in love with him for his good treatment, for his even attitude towards the landowner and the poor, for his kindness. The “gray-haired priest” characterizes Ermila this way: He had everything he needed for happiness and peace, And money, and honor, An enviable, true honor, Not bought either by money or fear: by strict truth. With intelligence and kindness.

From the priest’s statement it is clear that Girin achieved honor with “strict truth”, “intelligence and kindness”. He is concerned about the attitude of the people towards him, but Ermila himself judges himself even more strictly. He strives to alleviate the situation of the peasants, to help them financially, although he himself was not yet ready for a revolutionary action. Girin is already satisfied that his conscience is clear, that he makes the lives of others at least a little easier.

Savely the hero represents a different type of Russian peasant. He is the embodiment of strength and courage. Despite the rods and hard labor, he did not accept his fate. “Branded, but not a slave,” he says about himself. Savely embodies the best traits of the Russian character: love for the homeland and people, hatred of oppressors, self-esteem. His favorite word - “push” - helps to see in him a person who knows how to cheer up his comrades, rally them, and captivate them. Savely is one of those who stood up well for the “patrimony.” Together with the men, he executes the hated manager, the German Vogel.

People like Savely will not stand by at the time of peasant unrest. The most conscientious of the “people's defenders” is Grisha Dobrosklonov. He devotes his entire life to the struggle, lives among the people, knows their needs, and is educated. The future of Russia, the poet believes, belongs to people like Grisha Dobrosklonov, for whom “fate was preparing a glorious path, a great name for the people’s intercessor, consumption and Siberia.” Grisha Dobrosklonov’s songs reflect his thoughts about life’s ideals, his hopes for a bright future: The people’s share, their happiness, Light and freedom First of all. In a moment of despondency, O Motherland! My thoughts fly forward. You are still destined to suffer a lot, But you will not die, I know. Saved in slavery, the heart is free - Gold, gold, the people's heart!

The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov helps to understand that truly happy is the one on whose side the truth is, on whom the people rely, who chooses an honest path for himself, being a “people's defender”.

In the poem by N.A. Nekrasov, wanderers are looking for the happy. Behind the search for them lies the complex theme of national happiness.

The images of people's intercessors in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” are represented by several characters. The author presents each of them in his own way, but they are all close and understandable to the poet. He relies on them, he trusts the Russian land to them.

Yakim Nagoy

The worker, the peasant Yakim is one of those on whom the author hopes. Yakim can become an intercessor of the common people, leading Rus' to happiness and prosperity. The man has become one with the earth with all his soul. Outwardly, he became similar to her: wrinkles like cracks in dried soil, his neck like a layer cut off by a plow, his hair like sand, the skin of his hands like tree bark. The tiller himself is a lump of earth on a plow. The author's comparison is significant. The man is not just black and hard, like the work of a plowman. The earth gives bread and feeds people. Yakim is the one with whose hands the earth does this, in other words, Yakim is the soul of the earth. When creating the character, the author turned to folk art. He makes the hero similar to the epic heroes, defenders of Rus'. They all work on the earth until their strength is needed. Yakima has its own fate, but it is typical for the time described. The peasant went to work in St. Petersburg. He is smart, observant and attentive. Yakim gains his experience by trying to compete with the merchant. There is courage and obstinacy in the man’s character; not everyone could dare to do this. The result is prison. Many brave men find themselves there. The author emphasizes the character's individuality. The man loves beautiful things, he saves pictures from fire. The hero's spirituality is also emphasized by the choice of his companion. She also protects not money, but icons from fire. Purity of thoughts and hope for justice are the basis of the Yakima Nagogo family.

Nekrasov is amazingly talented: he ends the story about Yakima with a song about freedom. The great Volga River is a symbol of the breadth and power of the people, the power of men is inexhaustible, it cannot be hidden or stopped. It will burst out like a river flow.

Ermil Girin

Nekrasov shows that among the people there appear leaders, leaders who are trusted. If they raise the people, they will follow them. Yermil is young, but the men trust him. They prove their boundless devotion when they give him their last penny. The poet reveals in one episode the whole essence of the Russian person. He has no desire for wealth by any means; he strives to get everything honestly and deservedly. The man is open to communication, he shares his troubles, and is not afraid to be ridiculed. The strength of the Russian people is in unity. How did a young guy become smart? The author suggests: he served as a clerk. I delved into every story and valued every penny. Yermil helped free of charge, realizing that the poor and disadvantaged peasants had no extra money. Fate gives the man power. He does not pass the test, commits a sin and repents. Then he cannot use the gifts of fate. Girin rents a mill. But even here his character does not change. For the miller, everyone is equal: the poor and the rich. Life at that time does not give Yermil the opportunity to become happy alone when everyone around him is in poverty. He does not go against the rebels and ends up in hard labor. This is how the fate of many people's intercessors ends.

Old Man Savely

The Russian land endowed the peasants with strength. They live long, but not easily. The earth is stingy for happy moments. Serfdom is difficult and cruel. Savely came from places where there was less serfdom, in the very depths of the Russian land. He lives among nature, which raises him to be free and strong. Savely is as strong as a bear or elk. He takes knowledge and health from nature. The forest gives him spirit and special qualities, for this the man truly loves the forest, in a way that not many people can. The man could not see through the German manager’s cunning, but did not tolerate his bullying. Savely's rebellion is sharp, like the swing of a hero's sword. With his shoulder he pushes the German into the well, and the peasants bury him alive. The result of the rebellion was hard labor and settlements. Savely gains wisdom and becomes a person who can explain complex concepts. His speech is an example of the Russian word. “Branded, but not a slave!” - the basis of the character of the people's intercessor. Savely was not broken, he returned home, but his relatives only valued money in life. The fate of the peasant is an example of how difficult it is for intercessors among people who have given up and lost (or have not found) real goals in life. Savely - symbolizes the hitherto hidden power of the people, their intelligence and wisdom.

Grigory Dobrosklonov

In Nekrasov's poem, the image of Grisha is special. The author trusts him with the future of the country. He must become a real protector of the people. The hero grew up in the family of a clerk. In this you can see the strong Orthodoxy of the country. The mother plays a big role in character development. This is the feminine principle of the Russian soul, kindness and responsiveness. Grisha understood what he needed to strive for already in his youth. Then he just moves towards his goal. The young defender is ready to give his life for the people's happiness. The poet shows him in such a way that it becomes clear that Gregory will achieve his goal. It is interesting that the young man conveys thoughts about patriotism and struggle through songs. He lifts the spirit of the people, explains problems and leads to their solution. Someone doesn't hear Gregory's singing. Others don't think about the words. The poet hopes that there are those who will support Gregory and go with him.

In his poem N.A. Nekrasov creates images of “new people” who emerged from the people’s environment and became active fighters for the good of the people. This is Ermil Girin. Whatever position he is in, whatever he does, he strives to be useful to the peasant, to help him, to protect him. He gained honor and love with “strict truth, intelligence and kindness.”

The poet suddenly breaks off the story about Ermil, who was imprisoned at the moment when the village of Stolbnyaki in the Nedykhanev district was rebelling. The pacifiers of the riot, knowing that the people would listen to Yermil, called him to exhort the rebellious peasants. Yes, apparently, the people’s intercessor did not speak to the peasants about humility.

The type of democratic intellectual, a native of the people, is embodied in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the son of a farm laborer and a semi-impoverished sexton. If not for the kindness and generosity of the peasants, Grisha and his brother Savva could have died of hunger. And the young men respond to the peasants with love. This love filled Grisha’s heart from an early age and determined his path:

About fifteen years old

Gregory already knew for sure

What will live for happiness

Wretched and dark

Native corner

It is important for Nekrasov to convey to the reader the idea that Dobrosklonov is not alone, that he is from a cohort of brave in spirit and pure in heart, those who fight for the happiness of the people:

Rus' has already sent a lot

His sons, marked

The seal of God's gift,

On honest paths

I cried for a lot of them...

If in the era of the Decembrists the best people from the nobility stood up to defend the people, now the people themselves send their best sons from among themselves to battle, and this is especially important because it testifies to the awakening of national self-awareness:

No matter how dark the vahlachina is,

No matter how crammed with corvée

And slavery - and she,

Having been blessed, I placed

In Grigory Dobrosklonov

Such a messenger.

Grisha’s path is a typical path of a commoner democrat: a hungry childhood, a seminary, “where it was dark, cold, gloomy, strict, hungry,” but where he read a lot and thought a lot...

Fate had in store for him

The path is glorious, the name is loud

People's Defender,

Consumption and Siberia.

And yet the poet paints the image of Dobrosklonov in joyful, bright colors. Grisha has found true happiness, and the country whose people bless “such a messenger” for battle should become happy.

The image of Grisha contains not only the features of the leaders of revolutionary democracy, whom Nekrasov loved and revered so much, but also the features of the author of the poem himself. After all, Grigory Dobrosklonov is a poet, and a poet of the Nekrasov movement, a poet-citizen.

The chapter “A Feast for the Whole World” includes songs created by Grisha. These are joyful songs, full of hope, the peasants sing them as if they were their own. Revolutionary optimism is heard in the song “Rus”:

The army rises - innumerable,

The strength in her will be indestructible!

The poem contains the image of another people's defender - the author. In the first parts of the poem, we do not yet hear his voice directly. But in the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World,” the author directly addresses the readers in lyrical digressions. In this chapter, the language takes on a special coloring: along with folk vocabulary, there are many words that are bookish, solemn, romantically elevated (“radiant”, “sublime”, “punishing sword”, “the embodiment of the people’s happiness”, “grievous slavery”, “Rus' reviving ").

The author's direct statements in the poem are imbued with a bright feeling, which is also characteristic of Grisha's songs. All the author’s thoughts are about the people, all his dreams are about people’s happiness. The author, like Grisha, firmly believes in “the power of the people - a mighty force,” in the golden heart of the people, in the glorious future of the people:

Limits have not yet been set for the Russian people: There is a wide path before them!

The poet wants to instill this faith in others, to inspire his contemporaries to a revolutionary feat:

Such soil is good - . The soul of the Russian people... O sower! come!..

Mother Nature! when would such people
Sometimes you didn't send to the world,
The field of life would die out...
N. A. Nekrasov. In memory of Dobrolyubov

The poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is rightfully considered the poet’s main book, his highest achievement. And not only because we have an encyclopedic coverage of Russian reality, showing representatives of almost all classes of society, typical for a turning point in the country’s history, illuminated by the poetic genius of Nekrasov. The work is multi-layered and multifaceted. The poet created his main book for the people and in the name of the people, expressing their cherished dreams and aspirations. “Who Lives Well in Rus'” sounds like an indictment against the poet’s contemporary state system.

At the same time, the poem is a hymn to the courage and fortitude of the Russian people. Among the gallery of images of sufferers and toilers, rogues and rebels, Nekrasov also shows us a people's intercessor - one who, coming from among the people themselves, will influence their views and beliefs, and will be able to lead them.
This is the first image in Russian literature of a fighter who came from among his people, flesh of his flesh. The son of a rural sexton and seminarian, Grigory Dobrosklonov does not belong to the clergy class, since in Russia since 1868 this category did not enjoy the privileges of the clergy, but lived by the fruits of its labors, that is, eked out a meager existence as a peasant. The motif of Gregory’s hungry childhood, fed half-and-half bread with his mother’s tears, is repeated several times in the poem; his “emaciated face”, life in the seminary,
Where it was dark, cold,
Gloomy, stern, hungry,
where they woke up before the light and waited “greedily for the rusher,” where “the thrifty grabber was underfed.”

With a heart filled with love for his own mother and gratitude to the land that nurtured him, lending a helping hand in difficult times, the hero chooses his path in life. There is no calculation in him, no desire to take the “high road”:
Eternal boils there,
Inhuman
Feud-war
For mortal blessings...
Grisha chooses the “honest road”:
They walk along it
Only strong souls
Loving,
To fight, to work.
For the bypassed, for the oppressed...
This is a conscious choice from the age of fifteen, the love for the homeland in his heart merged with the love for his poor mother - and there is no more sincere affection, sincere patriotism, which is why the words “motherland” are so natural in his mouth. Gregory already knew for sure
Who will he give his whole life to?
And for whom he will die.
Refusing personal benefits and benefits, he is going to university not for himself, not for a future career, but in order to bring more benefit to his native people.
I don't need any silver
No gold, but God willing,
So that my fellow countrymen
And every peasant
Lived freely - fun
All over holy Rus'!
How does this remind us of Dobrolyubov, whose surname is so easily guessed in the hero’s name, and Rakhmetov, the hero of N. G. Chernyshevsky’s novel “What is to be done?” - whose name was on the lips of the reading public during the writing of the poem. This is what the poem says about them:
Rus' has already sent a lot
His sons, marked
The seal of God's gift,
On honest paths
I mourned a lot of them
(While the falling star
They're rushing by!).

Behind the sons of Rus' one can discern the figures of N.G. Chernyshevsky, V.G. Belinsky, T.G. Shevchenko; Nekrasov brings his hero into this cohort of fighters for the people's happiness.
No matter how dark the vahlachina is,
No matter how crammed with corvée
And slavery - and she,
Having been blessed, I placed
In Grigory Dobrosklonov
Such a messenger.
Fate had in store for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia.
It was not for nothing that Nekrasov also made his hero a poet - his comrade-in-arms in the struggle. His songs “from the heart itself” are not only evidence of a blood connection with the Russian people, spiritual unity with their world, but also an attempt to comprehend what is happening, to realize his life credo. Following the songs “Hungry” and “Salty”, which recreate gloomy, hopeless pictures of the life of the people, other lines appear, marking fundamental changes in society, the growth of self-awareness of the people:
Enough! Finished with past settlement.
The settlement with the master has been completed!
The Russian people are gathering strength
And learns to be a citizen...
Developing the theme of the growth of popular indignation, the formation of a citizen, Grigory Dobrosklonov composes his main song - “Rus”.

He sings about “a free heart saved in slavery,” about the mighty power of the people, creating a vivid, unique metaphor showing the growth of popular indignation and revolutionary upsurge:
Rus' does not move,
Rus' is like dead!
And she caught fire
Hidden spark -
They stood up - unwounded,
They came out - uninvited,
Live by the grain
The mountains have been destroyed!
The army is rising -
Uncountable,
The strength in her will affect
Indestructible!
Nekrasov considers him, the only one among the heroes of the poem, happy, because, in the opinion of the poet-fighter, only a fighter for the people's cause is happy. Nekrasov ends the story about Grisha on an optimistic note, endowing the hero with indestructible strength and, most importantly, faith in a bright future, readiness and desire to give his life for his homeland:
He heard immense sounds in his chest,
The sounds of grace delighted his ears,
The radiant sounds of the noble hymn -
He sang the embodiment of people's happiness!..

In his poem N.A. Nekrasov creates images of “new people” who emerged from the people’s environment and became active fighters for the good of the people. This is Ermil Girin. Whatever position he is in, whatever he does, he strives to be useful to the peasant, to help him, to protect him. He gained honor and love with “strict truth, intelligence and kindness.”

The poet suddenly breaks off the story about Ermil, who was imprisoned at the moment when the village of Stolbnyaki in the Nedykhanev district was rebelling. The pacifiers of the riot, knowing that the people would listen to Yermil, called him to exhort the rebellious peasants. Yes, apparently, the people’s intercessor did not speak to the peasants about humility.

The type of democratic intellectual, a native of the people, is embodied in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the son of a farm laborer and a semi-impoverished sexton. If not for the kindness and generosity of the peasants, Grisha and his brother Savva could have died of hunger. And the young men respond to the peasants with love. This love filled Grisha’s heart from an early age and determined his path:

About fifteen years old

Gregory already knew for sure

What will live for happiness

Wretched and dark

Native corner

It is important for Nekrasov to convey to the reader the idea that Dobrosklonov is not alone, that he is from a cohort of brave in spirit and pure in heart, those who fight for the happiness of the people:

Rus' has already sent a lot

His sons, marked

The seal of God's gift,

On honest paths

I cried for a lot of them...

If in the era of the Decembrists the best people from the nobility stood up to defend the people, now the people themselves send their best sons from among themselves to battle, and this is especially important because it testifies to the awakening of national self-awareness:

No matter how dark the vahlachina is,

No matter how crammed with corvée

And slavery - and she,

Having been blessed, I placed

In Grigory Dobrosklonov

Such a messenger.

Grisha’s path is a typical path of a commoner democrat: a hungry childhood, a seminary, “where it was dark, cold, gloomy, strict, hungry,” but where he read a lot and thought a lot...

Fate had in store for him

The path is glorious, the name is loud

People's Defender,

Consumption and Siberia.

And yet the poet paints the image of Dobrosklonov in joyful, bright colors. Grisha has found true happiness, and the country whose people bless “such a messenger” for battle should become happy.

The image of Grisha contains not only the features of the leaders of revolutionary democracy, whom Nekrasov loved and revered so much, but also the features of the author of the poem himself. After all, Grigory Dobrosklonov is a poet, and a poet of the Nekrasov movement, a poet-citizen.

The chapter “A Feast for the Whole World” includes songs created by Grisha. These are joyful songs, full of hope, the peasants sing them as if they were their own. Revolutionary optimism is heard in the song “Rus”:

The army rises - innumerable,

The strength in her will be indestructible!

The poem contains the image of another people's defender - the author. In the first parts of the poem, we do not yet hear his voice directly. But in the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World,” the author directly addresses the readers in lyrical digressions. In this chapter, the language takes on a special coloring: along with folk vocabulary, there are many words that are bookish, solemn, romantically elevated (“radiant”, “sublime”, “punishing sword”, “the embodiment of the people’s happiness”, “grievous slavery”, “Rus' reviving ").

The author's direct statements in the poem are imbued with a bright feeling, which is also characteristic of Grisha's songs. All the author’s thoughts are about the people, all his dreams are about people’s happiness. The author, like Grisha, firmly believes in “the power of the people - a mighty force,” in the golden heart of the people, in the glorious future of the people:

Limits have not yet been set for the Russian people: There is a wide path before them!

The poet wants to instill this faith in others, to inspire his contemporaries to a revolutionary feat:

Such soil is good - . The soul of the Russian people... O sower! come!..