Jules Verne. All books by Jules Verne The first novel by Jules Verne

Jules Verne, Jules Gabriel Verne; France Paris; 02/08/1828 – 03/24/1905

Jules Verne's books need no introduction. Many of them have been filmed more than once in many countries around the world, and his novels are even now enjoying enormous success. And this is despite the fact that many of the predictions of this great science fiction writer have already come true, many readers still express a desire to read Jules Verne’s books. An excellent confirmation of this is the high place of one of the first science fiction writers in our ranking. And the writer’s numerous books in our ratings allow us to say a lot about his significance in world literature.

Briefly about Jules Verne

Jules Verne was the first of five children in the family of lawyer Pierre Verne. Therefore, the further choice of profession was predetermined and Jules began to study law in Paris. But from an early age, Jules Verne gravitated towards literature and therefore, like many writers of those years, he began by writing a play. In 1850, his play “Broken Straws” was staged at the Historical Theater named after. After that, for more than two years he worked as the secretary to the director of the Lyric Theater, was a stockbroker, but did not stop writing.

In 1857, Jules Verne married the widow Honorine, whom he met at a friend's wedding. Around the same period, he began to travel actively. So in 1859 he visited England and Scotland, in 1961 he visited Scandinavia, and in 1867 he visited the USA. Just during the trip to Scandinavia, Vern’s only son is born.

Jules Verne's first novel was published in 1863. It was called "Five Weeks in a Balloon" and was very well received by the public. Subsequently, Jules Verne wrote all his new books in the same genre, and they became a huge success not only in France, but throughout the world. The science fiction writer’s hard work is simply incredible; he works almost every day from five in the morning to eight in the evening. At the same time, he continued to travel until 1886. when he was wounded in the ankle by a mentally unstable nephew with a revolver. And even when Jules Verne became completely blind shortly before his death, he continued to dictate new works. By the way, many of them were published more than 80 years after the writer’s death, thanks to the writer’s great-grandson.

The novels of Jules Verne left a huge mark on the history of literature. Many of today's luminaries of science fiction began with the books of Jules Verne. Many others consider themselves to be one of these. During his work, the science fiction writer managed to predict the appearance of airplanes and helicopters, the active use of aluminum, space flights, the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway, television, video communications and much more.

Jules Verne books on the Top books website

In the ratings of our site, Jules Verne's novels are represented not only among. Many of them, even after the advent of many, so excite the minds of readers that they are in the rating. One of these is the novel “The Mysterious Island,” which over the years has not diminished in number of people willing to read it. But other Jules Verne books also find their readers.

All books by Jules Verne

This list of books by Jules Verne contains all the literary works of the writer. Some of them were published after the author’s death. At the same time, this list of books by Jules Verne does not include the writer’s plays, which have practically not been translated into Russian.

Adventure trilogy:

Books outside of series:

1. Thompson & Co. Agency.
2. The archipelago is on fire.
3. Bluff. American morals.
4. Brothers Kip.
5. In Magellania (At the end of the world).
6. Chasing the meteor
7. Chasing the meteor.
8. In the land of furs.
9. Bottom up.
10. Magnificent Orinoco.
11. The hilarious troubles of three travelers in Scandinavia.
12. Eternal Adam.
13. Lord of the world.
14. Around the Moon.
15. Second homeland.
16. Sea invasion.
17. Hector Servadac. Travels and adventures in the circumsolar world.
18. Mister D-sharp and Mrs. E-flat.
19. Comte de Chantalin.
20. Two years of vacation.
21. Village in the air.
22. Ten hours on the hunt.
23. Road to France.
24. Drama is in the air.
25. Drama in Livonia.
26. Drama in Mexico.
27. Danube pilot.
28. Uncle Robinson.
29. Zhangada. Eight hundred leagues along the Amazon.
30. Zhededya Zhamet or the story of one inheritance.
31. Marriage of M. Anselme de Thiol.
32. The will of an eccentric.
33. Castle in the Carpathians.
34. Green beam.
35. Wintering in ice.
36. Golden Volcano (Klondike).
37. Golden Volcano.
38. Ideal city
39. Stories of Jean-Marie Cabidoulin.
40. Clovis Dardantor.
41. Claudius Bombarnac. A reporter's notebook on the opening of the great Trans-Asian Highway
42. Shipwreck of the Jonathan.
43. Ice sphinx.
44. Lottery ticket No. 9672.
45. Baby.
46. Martin Paz.
47. Master Zacharius.
48. Matthias Sandor.
49. Lighthouse at the end of the world.
50. Lighthouse at the end of the world. Original version.
51. Mrs. Breniken.
52. Mikhail Strogoff. Moscow - Irkutsk.
53. Rebels with the Bounty.
54. Foundling from the dead "Cynthia"
55. The extraordinary adventures of Barsak's expedition.
56. One day of an American journalist in 2890.
57. Study tour.
58. Siege of Rome.
59. Paris in the twentieth century.
60. Steam house. Traveling through Northern India.
61. Floating city.
62. Floating island.
63. Beautiful yellow Danube.
64. Adventures of the Raton family. Philosophical tale.
65. The adventures of three Russians and three Englishmen in South Africa.
66. Doctor Ox's quirk.
67. Those who broke the blockade.
68. Journey to England and Scotland (Journey Backwards).
69. The Voyage and Adventures of Captain Hatteras.
70. Fellows' journey.
71. Five weeks in a hot air balloon. The journey and discoveries of three Englishmen in Africa.
72. Five hundred million begumas
73. Robur the Conqueror.
74. Direct route from Earth to Moon in 97 hours 20 minutes.
75. San Carlos.
76. The Priest in 1835 (The Priest in 1839. ed. 1992).
77. North versus South.
78. Family without a name.
79. The fate of Jean Morin.
80. The Secret of Wilhelm Storitz (The Invisible Woman, The Invisible Bride, The Secret of Storitz).
81. The Mystery of Wilhelm Storitz.
82. The unrest of one Chinese in China.
83. The amazing adventures of Uncle Antifer.
84. Stubborn Keraban.
85. Flag of the homeland.
86. Fritt-Flacc.
87. Gil Braltar.
88. Caesar Cascabel.
89. Chancellor. Diary of a passenger J.-R. Casallona.
90. Black India.
91. Robinson School.
92. Express of the future.
93. South Star

Jules Gabriel Verne(French Jules Gabriel Verne) - French writer, classic of adventure literature; his works contributed significantly to the development of science fiction.

Biography

Father - lawyer Pierre Verne (1798-1871), descended from a family of Provencal lawyers. Mother - Sophie Allot de la Fuie (1801-1887), Breton of Scottish origin. Jules Verne was the first of five children. After him were born: brother Paul (1829) and three sisters Anna (1836), Matilda (1839) and Marie (1842).

Jules Verne's wife's name was Honorine de Vian (nee Morel). Honorine was a widow and had two children from her first marriage. On May 20, 1856, Jules Verne arrived in Amiens for his friend’s wedding, where he first met Honorine. Eight months later, on January 10, 1857, they got married and settled in Paris, where Verne had lived for several years. Four years later, on August 3, 1861, Honorine gave birth to a son, Michel, their only child. Jules Verne was not present at the birth because he was traveling in Scandinavia.

Study and creativity

The son of a lawyer, Verne studied law in Paris, but his love of literature prompted him to follow a different path. In 1850, Verne's play "Broken Straws" was successfully staged at the "Historical Theater" by A. Dumas. In 1852-1854. Verne worked as the secretary to the director of the Lyric Theater, then was a stockbroker, while still writing comedies, librettos, and stories.

Cycle “Extraordinary Journeys”

* “Five Weeks in a Balloon” (Russian translation 1864 ed. by M. A. Golovachev, 306 pp., entitled: “Air travel through Africa. Compiled from the notes of Dr. Fergusson by Julius Verne”).

The success of the novel inspired Verne; he decided to continue to work in this “key”, accompanying the romantic adventures of his heroes with increasingly skillful descriptions of incredible, but nevertheless carefully thought out scientific miracles born of his imagination.

The work of Jules Verne is imbued with the romance of science, faith in the good of progress, and admiration for the power of thought. He also sympathetically describes the struggle for national liberation.

In the novels of J. Verne, readers found not only an enthusiastic description of technology and travel, but also bright and lively images of noble heroes (Captain Hatteras, Captain Grant, Captain Nemo), cute eccentric scientists (Dr. Lidenbrock, Dr. Clawbonny, Jacques Paganel).

Later creativity

In his later works, a fear of the use of science for criminal purposes appeared:

* “Flag of the Motherland” (1896),
* "Lord of the World", (1904),
* “The Extraordinary Adventures of the Barsak Expedition” (1919) (the novel was completed by the writer’s son, Michel Verne),

faith in constant progress was replaced by an anxious expectation of the unknown. However, these books were never as huge a success as his previous works. After the writer’s death, a large number of unpublished manuscripts remained, which continue to be published to this day.

Writer - traveler

Jules Verne was not an “armchair” writer; he traveled a lot around the world, including on his yachts “Saint-Michel I”, “Saint-Michel II” and “Saint-Michel III”. In 1859 he traveled to England and Scotland. In 1861 he visited Scandinavia.

In 1867 he took a transatlantic cruise on the Great Eastern to the United States, visited New York and Niagara Falls.

In 1878, Jules Verne made a long trip on the yacht Saint-Michel III across the Mediterranean Sea, visiting Lisbon, Tangier, Gibraltar and Algeria. In 1879, Jules Verne again visited England and Scotland on the yacht Saint-Michel III. In 1881, Jules Verne visited the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark on his yacht. Then he planned to reach St. Petersburg, but a strong storm prevented this.

In 1884, Jules Verne made his last great journey. On the Saint-Michel III he visited Algeria, Malta, Italy and other Mediterranean countries. Many of his trips subsequently formed the basis of “Extraordinary Travels” - “The Floating City” (1870), “Black India” (1877), “The Green Ray” (1882), “Lottery Ticket” (1886), etc.

Last 10 years of life

On March 9, 1886, Jules Verne was seriously wounded by a revolver shot from his mentally ill nephew Gaston Verne, Paul's son, and he had to forget about traveling forever.

In 1892, the writer became a Knight of the Legion of Honor.

Shortly before his death, Verne went blind, but still continued to dictate books. The writer died on March 24, 1905 from diabetes.

Predictions

In his writings, he predicted scientific discoveries and inventions in a variety of fields, including submarines, scuba gear, television and space flight:

* Electric chair
* Submarine (works about Captain Nemo)
* Airplane (“Lord of the World”)
* Helicopter (“Robur the Conqueror”)
* Rocket and space flights
* Tower in the center of Europe (before the construction of the Eiffel Tower) - the description is very similar.
* Interplanetary travel (Hector Servadac), spacecraft launches prove the possibility of interplanetary travel.

Film adaptations of works

Many of Verne's novels were successfully filmed:

* The Mysterious Island (film, 1902)
* The Mysterious Island (film, 1921)
* The Mysterious Island (film, 1929)
* The Mysterious Island (film, 1941)
* Mysterious Island (film, 1951)
* Around the World in 80 Days (film, 1956)
* Mysterious Island (film, 1961)
* Mysterious Island (film, 1963)
* Adventure Island
* The Misadventures of a Chinese Man in China (1965)
* Mysterious Island (film, 1973)
* The Mysterious Island of Captain Nemo (film)
* Mysterious Island (film, 1975)
* Monster Island (film)
* Around the World in 80 Days (film, 1989)
* Mysterious Island (film, 2001)
* Mysterious Island (film, 2005)

* French director J. Méliès made the film “20,000 Leagues Under the Sea” in 1907 (in 1954 this novel was filmed by Walt Disney), other film adaptations (1905, 1907, 1916, 1927, 1997, 1997 (II); 1975 USSR).
* “Children of Captain Grant” (1901, 1913, 1962, 1996; 1936, 1985 USSR),
* “From the Earth to the Moon” (1902, 1903, 1906, 1958, 1970, 1986),
* “Journey to the Center of the Earth” (1907, 1909, 1959, 1977, 1988, 1999, 2007),
* “Around the World in 80 Days” (1913, 1919, 1921, 1956 Oscar for Best Picture, 1957, 1975, 1989, 2004),
* “The Fifteen-Year-Old Captain” (1971; 1945, 1986 USSR),
* “Michael Strogoff” (1908, 1910, 1914, 1926,1935, 1936, 1943, 1955, 1956, 1961, 1975, 1999).

Film adaptations in the USSR

Several films based on the works of Jules Verne were made in the USSR:

* Captain Grant's Children (1936)
* Mysterious Island (1941)
* The Fifteen-Year-Old Captain (1945)
* Broken Horseshoe (1973)
* Captain Nemo (1975)
* In Search of Captain Grant (1985, 7 episodes) is the only Russian film that shows, albeit inaccurately, the life of the writer. For example, his wife is shown not as a widow with two children, but as a twenty-year-old girl, while the writer is over 30 years old. In fact, the age difference between the spouses was smaller (28 and 26 years at the wedding in 1858).
* Captain of the Pilgrim (1986)
* Also, a scene from the novel “From a Gun to the Moon” is reproduced at the beginning of the film “The Man from Planet Earth” (1958).

In total, there are more than 200 film adaptations of the works of the great writer. The permanent record holder for the number of film adaptations is the novel “Around the World in 80 Days”!

Inaccuracies

Much in the works is not true. In addition, in related novels there are many discrepancies in dates, “adjusting” dates to real events.

* Climate of Tierra del Fuego and Estados Island
* Climate of Kerguelen Island.
*Weather conditions in the Sahara
* Existence of Tabor and Lincoln Islands. Moreover, Tabor Island (Maria Teresa Reef) was considered real at the time of the writer. This is not a figment of the writer's imagination. By the way, on some modern maps the Maria Theresa Reef is also marked.
* The water surface of the South Pole and the volcano at the North Pole
* Calculation of the “rocket” flight
* “In the 29th Century: One Day of an American Journalist in 2889”, the videophone and its analogues were invented “a little” earlier.
* Nature of Latvia and ethnic origin of Latvians
* The state of weightlessness at only one point between the Earth and the Moon, from the novel “From the Earth to the Moon.” In fact, weightlessness manifests itself throughout the entire flight. However, we should not forget that the novel was written in the 60s of the 19th century and the ideas of scientists of that time about weightlessness were very, very vague.
* Inaccuracies in the depiction of the political system of Russia in the novel “Michael Strogoff”.

Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia

Jules Verne- extremely popular French writer, founder of science fiction along with H.G. Wells. Verne's works, written for both teenagers and adults, captured the entrepreneurial spirit of the 19th century, its charm, scientific progress and inventions. His novels were mostly written in the form of travelogues, taking readers to the moon in From the Earth to the Moon or in a completely different direction in Journey to the Center of the Earth. Many of Verne's ideas turned out to be prophetic. Among his most famous books is the adventure novel Around the World in 80 Days (1873).

“Oh - what a journey - what a wonderful and unusual journey! We entered the Earth through one volcano and exited through another. And this other was more than twelve thousand leagues from Sneffels, from that dreary country of Iceland... We left the region of eternal snow and left behind the gray fog of the icy expanses to return to the azure sky of Sicily! (from Journey to the Center of the Earth, 1864)

Jules Verne was born and raised in Nantes.

His father was a successful lawyer. To continue the family tradition, Verne moved to Paris, where he studied law. His uncle introduced him to literary circles, and he began publishing plays under the influence of writers such as Victor Hugo and Alexandre Dumas (son), whom Verne knew personally. Despite the fact that Verne devoted most of his time to writing books, he received a lawyer's degree. During this time, Verne suffered from digestive problems that would plague him periodically throughout his life.

In 1854, Charles Baudelaire translated Poe's works into French. Verne became one of the most devoted admirers of the American writer and wrote his Voyage in a Balloon (1851) under the influence of Poe. Jules Verne would later write a sequel to Poe's unfinished novel, The Story of Gordon Pym, which he called The Sphinx of the Ice Plains (1897). When his career as a writer slowed, Verne turned again to brokerage, a business he had been involved in until the publication of Five Weeks in a Balloon (1863), which was included in the Extraordinary Voyages series. In 1862, Verne met Pierre Jules Hetzel, a publisher and children's writer who published Verne's Extraordinary Journeys. They collaborated until the end of Jules Verne's career. Etzel also worked with Balzac and Georges Sand. He carefully read Verne's manuscripts and did not hesitate to suggest corrections. Verne's early work, Twentieth-Century Paris, did not please the publisher, and it did not appear in print until 1997 in English.

Verne's novels soon gained incredible popularity around the world. Without training as a scientist or experience as a traveler, Verne spent most of his time researching for his works. Unlike fantasy literature such as Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland (1865), Verne tried to be realistic and stick to the facts in detail. When Wells, in First Man on the Moon, invented cavorite, a substance that defies gravity, Verne was unhappy: “I sent my heroes to the moon with gunpowder, this could actually happen. Where will Mr. Wells find his Cavorite? Let him show it to me!” However, when the logic of the novel contradicted modern scientific knowledge, Verne did not stick to the facts. Around the World in 80 Days, a novel about the realistic and courageous journey of Phileas Fogg, is based on the real journey of the American George Francis Train (1829-1904). Journey to the Center of the Earth is vulnerable to criticism from a geological point of view. The story tells of an expedition that penetrates into the very heart of the Earth. In Hector Servadac (1877), Hector and his servant fly around the entire solar system on a comet.

In Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, Verne described one of the forefathers of modern superheroes, the misanthropic Captain Nemo and his amazing submarine, the Nautilus, named after Robert Fulton's steam submarine. “The Mysterious Island” is a novel about the exploits of people who find themselves on a desert island. In these works, which were made into films more than once, Verne combined science and invention with adventures looking back to the past. Some of his work became reality: his spaceship predated the invention of the real rocket a century later. The first electric submarine, built in 1886 by two Englishmen, was named Nautilus in honor of Vernon's ship. The first nuclear submarine, launched in 1955, was also named Nautilus.

Disney's 1954 film 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (directed by Richard Fleischer) won an Oscar for its special effects, which included a mechanical giant squid controlled by Bob Mattly. The interiors of the Nautilus were recreated based on the book by Jules Verne. James Mason played Captain Nemo, and Kirk Douglas played Ned Land, a burly sailor. Mike Todd's Around the World in 80 Days (1957) won the Academy Award for Best Picture, but failed to win any awards for its 44 supporting roles. The film featured 8,552 animals, including Rocky Mountain sheep, bulls and donkeys. 4 ostriches also appeared on the screen.

During the first period of his career, Verne expressed optimism about the central role of Europe in the social and technological development of the world. When it came to inventions in the field of technology, Verne's imagination often contradicted the facts. In From the Earth to the Moon, a giant cannon shoots the protagonist into orbit. Any modern scientist would tell him now that the hero would have been killed by the initial acceleration. However, the idea of ​​a space gun first appeared in print in the 18th century. And before that, Cyrano de Bergerac wrote “Travels to the Sun and Moon” (1655) and described a rocket for space travel in one of his stories.

“It is difficult to say whether Verne took the idea of ​​that huge cannon seriously, because much of the story is written in rather humorous language... He may have believed that if such a cannon were built, it might be suitable for sending shells to the moon. But it is unlikely that he really thought that any of the passengers could survive after this" (Arthur Clarke, 1999).

The bulk of Verne's works were written by 1880. In Verne's later novels, pessimism about the future of human civilization is visible. In his story "The Eternal Adam", future discoveries of the 20th century were overthrown by geological cataclysms. In Robur the Conqueror (1886), Verne predicted the birth of a ship heavier than air, and in the novel's sequel, Master of the World (1904), the inventor Robur suffers from delusions of grandeur and plays cat and mouse with the authorities.

Verne's life after 1860 was uneventful and bourgeois. He traveled with his brother Paul to the USA in 1867, visiting Niagara Falls. During a ship trip around the Mediterranean, he was welcomed in Gibraltar, North Africa, and in Rome, Pope Leo XII blessed him and his books. In 1871 he settled in Amiens and was elected councilor in 1888. In 1886, an attempt was made on Verne's life. His paranoid nephew, Gaston, shot him in the leg, and the writer was immobilized for the rest of his life. Gaston never recovered from his illness.

At the age of 28, Verne married Honorine de Vian, a young widow with two children. He lived with his family in a large country house and sometimes sailed on a yacht. To the dismay of his family, he began to admire Prince Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921), who devoted himself to revolutionary activities, and whose personality may have influenced the noble anarchist in The Wreck of the Jonathan (1909). Verne's interest in socialist theories was already noticeable in Matthias Sandor (1885).

For over 40 years, Verne published at least one book a year. Despite the fact that Verne wrote about exotic places, he traveled relatively little - his only balloon flight lasted 24 minutes. In a letter to Etzel, he confesses: “I think I’m going crazy. I got lost among the incredible adventures of my heroes. I only regret one thing: I cannot accompany them pedibus cum jambis.” Verne's works include 65 novels, about 20 stories and essays, 30 plays, several geographical works, and opera librettos.

Verne died in Amiens on March 24, 1905. Verne's works inspired many directors: from Georges Meslier (From the Earth to the Moon, 1902) and Walt Disney (20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, 1954) to Henry Levine (Journey to the Center of the Earth ", 1959) and Irwin Allen ("Five Weeks in a Balloon", 1962). The Italian artist Giorgio de Ciroco was also interested in Verne’s works and wrote a study based on them “On Metaphysical Art”: “But who better than him could capture the metaphysical element of a city like London, with its buildings, streets, clubs, squares and open spaces; the haze of a Sunday afternoon in London, the melancholy of a man, a walking phantom, as Phileas Fogg appears to us in Around the World in 80 Days? Jules Verne's work is filled with these joyful and comforting moments; I still remember the description of the steamer leaving Liverpool in his novel The Floating Island.

On September 27, 2015, the first monument to the writer in Russia was unveiled on the Fedorovsky embankment in Nizhny Novgorod.

The future writer was born in 1828 on February 8 in Nantes. His father was a lawyer, and his mother, half-Scottish, received an excellent education and took care of the house. Jules was the first child, after him another boy and three girls were born in the family.

Study and writing debut

Jules Verne studied law in Paris, but at the same time was actively involved in writing. He wrote stories and librettos for Parisian theaters. Some of them were staged and even had success, but his real literary debut was the novel “Five Weeks in a Balloon,” which was written in 1864.

Family

The writer was married to Honorine de Vian, who by the time she met him was already a widow and had two children. They got married, and in 1861 they had a common son, Michel, a future cinematographer who filmed several of his father’s novels.

Popularity and travel

After his first novel was successful and favorably received by critics, the writer began to work hard and fruitfully (according to the recollections of his son Michel, Jules Verne spent most of his time at work: from 8 in the morning to 8 in the evening).

It is interesting that since 1865, the cabin of the yacht “Saint-Michel” has become the writer’s study. This small ship was purchased by Jules Verne while working on the novel “The Children of Captain Grant.” Later, the yachts “San Michel II” and “San Michel III” were purchased, on which the writer sailed around the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas. He visited the south and north of Europe (Spain, Portugal, Denmark, Norway), and the north of the African continent (for example, Algeria). I dreamed of sailing to St. Petersburg. But this was prevented by a strong storm that broke out in the Baltic. He had to give up all travel in 1886 after being wounded in the leg.

Last years

The writer's latest novels differ from his first. They feel fear. The writer renounced the idea of ​​the omnipotence of progress. He began to understand that many achievements of science and technology would be used for criminal purposes. It should be noted that the writer’s last novels were not popular.

The writer died in 1905 from diabetes. Until his death he continued to dictate books. Many of his novels, unpublished and unfinished during his lifetime, are published today.

Other biography options

• If you follow the brief biography of Jules Verne, it turns out that over the 78 years of his life he wrote about 150 works, including documentary and scientific works (only 66 novels, some of which are unfinished).
• The writer’s great-grandson, Jean Verne, a famous opera tenor, managed to find the novel “Paris of the 20th Century” (the novel was written in 1863 and published in 1994), which was considered a family legend and in the existence of which no one believed. It was in this novel that cars, the electric chair, and the fax were described.
• Jules Verne was a great soothsayer. He wrote in his novels about an airplane, a helicopter, video communications, television, about the Trans-Siberian Railway, about the Channel Tunnel, about space exploration (he almost exactly indicated the location of the cosmodrome at Cape Canaveral).
• The writer’s works have been filmed in different countries around the world, and the number of films based on his books has exceeded 200.
• The writer has never been to Russia, but in 9 of his novels the action takes place in the then Russian Empire.

On April 6, 1860, the brig Forward sailed from the port of Liverpool with eighteen crew members on board. But neither during the sailing, nor even for a long time after it, none of them knew the purpose of the voyage, or even the name of the captain. And only having gone deep into the Arctic water, the sailors learned that the expedition was led by the famous navigator John Hatteras, who had set himself the ambitious task of becoming the first person to reach the North Pole. Jules Verne began working on the novel in 1863, almost immediately after finishing the novel “Five Weeks in a Balloon.” In the work on the book, authentic documents from polar expeditions were used, and the explorer John Franklin, whose expedition went missing, is sometimes called the prototype of Hatteras. In the process of work, the author constantly consulted about his individual episodes with the publisher Etzel; however, not all of Etzel’s advice was unquestioningly accepted by Verne - for example, he did not include the French in Hatteras’s expedition. Jules Verne was completely immersed in writing the novel: “I, along with the characters, are at 80 degrees latitude at 40 degrees Celsius below zero - and I’m catching a cold just from writing about it!” The novel was completed in the spring of 1864. The author's preliminary plan for the novel's ending is interesting. Jules Verne intended to end the novel with the death of the hero in a volcanic crater, and not to return him to England. However, during the work the plan was changed. At the time of writing the novel, it was not known for certain what was located at the North Pole - none of the expeditions had yet reached it. The first publication was in Etzel’s magazine “Magasin d’Education et de Recreation” (“Journal of Education and Entertainment”) from March 20, 1864 to December 5, 1865, under the title “The British at the North Pole. Ice desert." The first chapter of the novel began the publication of Etzel's magazine; the magazine subsequently published 30 novels by Jules Verne. The book was met with positive reviews from French and foreign critics. On May 4, 1866 (other sources call it June 2), the novel was published as a separate edition, in two volumes: the first was called “The British at the North Pole. The Travels of Captain Hatteras,” and the second is “The Icy Desert. The Adventures of Captain Hatteras. Publisher Etzel wrote a preface to the first volume. November 26, 1866 (sometimes there is an erroneous date - 1867) - the novel was published by Etzel in one volume, this was the first “double” volume of “Extraordinary Journeys”. The title of the novel is “The Travels and Adventures of Captain Hatteras. The British at the North Pole. Ice Desert”, illustrated with 259 drawings by artists Rio and de Monto. The novel was first published in Russian in 1866-67, translated by L. Shelgunova. In 1870 it was published in a translation by Marko Vovchka and then reprinted many times in the same translation.... Further