Signs of the meaning of the word peace. Complete encyclopedia of symbols. Emblems of modern religions

Continuation of the first part: Occult and mystical symbols and their meaning. Geometric symbols, Universal symbols-images and symbols-concepts. Emblems of modern religions. Crosses: the most common forms. Images of time. Symbolism of the plant and animal kingdom. Mythical creatures.

Encyclopedia of symbols

Swastika straight (left-handed)

Swastika as a solar symbol

A straight (left-sided) swastika is a cross with the ends curved to the left. Rotation is considered to occur clockwise (opinions sometimes differ in determining the direction of movement).

The straight swastika is a symbol of blessing, good omen, prosperity, good luck and aversion to misfortune, as well as a symbol of fertility, longevity, health and life. It is also a symbol of masculinity, spirituality, inhibiting the flow of lower (physical) forces and allowing the energies of a higher, divine nature to manifest.

Reverse swastika (right-handed)

Swastika on a Nazi war medal

The reverse (right-handed) swastika is a cross with the ends bent to the right. Rotation is considered to occur counterclockwise.

The reverse swastika is usually associated with the feminine principle. Sometimes it is associated with the launch of negative (physical) energies that block the passage to sublime powers of the spirit.

The Sumerian swastika, formed by four women and their hair, symbolizes the female generative force

Pentagram (pentacle): general meaning of the symbol

Pentagram sign

The pentagram, written in one line, is the most ancient of all the symbols that we possess. It had different interpretations in different historical times of mankind. It became the Sumerian and Egyptian star sign.

Later symbolism: five senses; masculine and feminine principles expressed by five points; harmony, health and mystical powers. The pentagram is also a symbol of the victory of the spiritual over the material, a symbol of security, protection, and a safe return home.

Pentagram as a magical symbol

Pentagrams of the White and Black Magicians

The pentacle, with one end up and two down, is a sign of white magic known as the "foot of the druid"; with one end down and two up, it represents the so-called “goat’s hoof” and the horns of the devil - a characteristic change in symbolism from a positive to a negative sign when it is turned over.

The White Magician's Pentagram is a symbol of magical influence and the dominance of disciplined Will over the phenomena of the world. The will of the Black Magician is directed towards destruction, towards refusal to perform a spiritual task, therefore the inverted pentagram is seen as a symbol of evil.

Pentagram as a symbol of a perfect person

Pentagram symbolizing the perfect man

The pentagram, a five-pointed star, is a symbol of a perfect man standing on two legs with his arms spread apart. We can say that man is a living pentagram. This is true both physically and spiritually - man possesses and exhibits five virtues: love, wisdom, truth, justice and kindness.

Truth belongs to the spirit, love to the soul, wisdom to the intellect, kindness to the heart, justice to the will.

Double pentagram

Double Pentagram (Man and the Universe)

There is also a correspondence between the human body and the five elements (earth, water, air, fire and ether): will corresponds to earth, heart to water, intellect to air, soul to fire, spirit to ether. Thus, by his will, intellect, heart, soul, spirit, man is connected with the five elements working in the cosmos, and he can consciously work in harmony with them. This is precisely the meaning of the symbol of the double pentagram, in which the small one is inscribed in the large one: man (microcosm) lives and acts within the Universe (macrocosm).

Hexagram

Hexagram image

A hexagram is a figure composed of two polar triangles, a six-pointed star. It is a complex and seamless symmetrical shape in which six small individual triangles are grouped around a large central hexagon. The result is a star, although the original triangles retain their individuality. Since the upward-facing triangle is a heavenly symbol, and the downward-facing triangle is an earthly symbol, together they are a symbol of a person who unites these two worlds. It is a symbol of a perfect marriage that binds a man and a woman.

Seal of Solomon

Seal of Solomon, or Star of David

This is the famous magical seal of Solomon, or the Star of David. The upper triangle in her image is white, and the lower one is black. It symbolizes, first of all, the absolute law of analogy, expressed by the mystical formula: “What is below is similar to what is above.”

The Seal of Solomon is also a symbol of human evolution: one must learn not only to take, but also to give, absorb and radiate at the same time, radiate for the Earth, perceive from Heaven. We receive and are fulfilled only when we give to others. This is the perfect union of spirit and matter in man - the union of the solar plexus and the brain.

Five pointed star

Five pointed star

Star of Bethlehem

The five-pointed star has been interpreted in different ways, including symbolizing joy and happiness. It is also the emblem of the Semitic goddess Ishtar in her warlike incarnation, and in addition, the Star of Bethlehem. For Freemasons, the five-pointed star symbolizes the mystical center.

The Egyptians attached great importance to five- and six-pointed stars, as is clear from the text preserved on the wall of the mortuary temple of Hatshepsut.

Seven pointed star

Seven-pointed star of magicians

The seven-pointed star repeats the characteristic features of the five-pointed one. The Gnostic star has seven rays.

Seven- and nine-pointed stars, drawn with one line, are mystical stars in astrology and magic.

The Star of Magi can be read in two ways: sequentially along the course of the rays (along the line of the star) and along the circumference. Along the rays are the planets that control the days of the week: Sun - Sunday, Moon - Monday, Mars - Tuesday, Mercury - Wednesday, Jupiter - Thursday, Venus - Friday, Saturn - Saturday.

Nine-pointed star

Nine-pointed star of magicians

Nine-pointed stars, like seven-pointed ones, if they are drawn with one line, are mystical stars in astrology and magic.

The nine-pointed star, made up of three triangles, symbolizes the Holy Spirit.

Monad

Four components of the monad

This is a magical symbol called the monad by John Dee (1527–1608), advisor and astrologer to Queen Elizabeth I of England.

Dee presents the nature of magical symbols in terms of geometry and tests the monad in a number of theorems.

Dee explores the monad at such a deep level that he finds connections between his theory and Pythagorean harmony, biblical knowledge and mathematical proportions.

Spiral

Spiral structure of the Milky Way

Spiral shapes are found very often in nature, from spiral galaxies to whirlpools and tornadoes, from mollusk shells to patterns on human fingers, and even the DNA molecule has the shape of a double helix.

The spiral is a very complex and multi-valued symbol. But first of all, it is a symbol of the great creative (vital) force both at the cosmic level and at the microcosm level. The spiral is a symbol of time, cyclical rhythms, the change of seasons, birth and death, the phases of “aging” and “growth” of the Moon, as well as the Sun itself.

Tree of Life

The Tree of Life in the Human Being

Tree of Life

The Tree of Life does not belong to any culture - not even the Egyptians. It transcends races and religions. This image is an integral part of nature... Man himself is a miniature Tree of Life. He possessed immortality when connected to this tree. The Tree of Life can be thought of as the arteries of a large cosmic body. Through these arteries, as if through channels, flow the life-giving forces of the cosmos, which feed all forms of existence, and the cosmic pulse of life beats in them. The Tree of Life is a separate section, part of the scheme of the universal code of life.

Sphere

Armillary sphere (engraving from the book by Tycho Brahe)

A symbol of fertility (like the circle), as well as integrity. In Ancient Greece, the sign of the sphere was a cross in a circle - an ancient emblem of power. A sphere composed of several metal rings, illustrating the cosmogonic theory of Ptolemy, who believed that the Earth was at the center of the Universe, is an ancient emblem of astronomy.

Platonic solids

Platonic solids inscribed in a sphere

The Platonic solids are five unique shapes. Long before Plato, Pythagoras used them, calling them ideal geometric bodies. Ancient alchemists and such great minds as Pythagoras believed that these bodies were associated with certain elements: cube (A) - earth, tetrahedron (B) - fire, octahedron (C) - air, icosahedron (D) - water, dodecahedron ( E) is ether, and the sphere is emptiness. These six elements are the building blocks of the universe. They create the qualities of the Universe.

Planet symbols

Planet symbols

Planets are represented by a combination of simple geometric symbols. This is a circle, a cross, an arc.

Consider, for example, the symbol of Venus. The circle is located above the cross, which personifies a certain “spiritual attraction” that pulls the cross upward into the elevated areas belonging to the circle. The cross, subject to the laws of generation, decay and death, will find its redemption if it is raised within this great circle of spirituality. The symbol as a whole represents the feminine principle in the world, which is trying to spiritualize and protect the material sphere.

Pyramid

Great Pyramids of Cheops, Khafre and Mikerin

The pyramid is a symbol of the hierarchy that exists in the Universe. In any area, the pyramid symbol can help to move from the lower plane of multiplicity and fragmentation to the higher plane of unity.

It is believed that the initiates chose the pyramid shape for their sanctuaries because they wanted the converging lines towards the Sun to teach humanity a lesson in unity.

Star tetrahedron

Star tetrahedron

A star tetrahedron is a figure consisting of two intersecting tetrahedra. This figure can also be perceived as a three-dimensional Star of David.

Tetrahedra appear as two opposing laws: the law of spirit (radiation, bestowal, selflessness, selflessness) and the law of matter (pulling in, cooling, freezing, paralysis). Only a person can consciously combine these two laws, since he is the connecting link between the world of spirit and the world of matter.

The star tetrahedron thus represents the two poles of creation in perfect balance.

Universal symbols-images

A thing is just not because God wants it, but God wants it precisely because it is just.

Image symbols are often objects (things) or graphic images that imitate the shape of the creature or object with which they are associated. Their meanings are sometimes unexpected, but more often they are obvious, since they are based on a certain quality that is inherent in these objects or creatures: a lion - courage, a rock - perseverance, etc.

Arch, arc

Sacrifice to an astral deity (from a 13th-century Arabian manuscript)

The arch (arc), first of all, is a symbol of the firmament, the god of Heaven. In initiation rites, passing through the arch signifies a new birth after completely abandoning one's old nature. In ancient Rome, an army passed through a triumphal arch after defeating an enemy.

The arch and bow are common elements in Islamic culture. Often mosques have arched entrances. It is believed that a person entering a mosque through an arched door will be protected by the symbolic powers of the spiritual (higher) sphere.

Ba-gua

Ba-gua and the Great Monad (charm against evil forces, China)

Ba-gua (in some sources pa-kua) are eight trigrams and pairs of opposites, usually arranged in a circle, symbolizing time and space.

Scales

Outweighing scales. The lung gives way. Heavy pulls

Libra symbolizes justice, impartiality, judgment, and assessment of a person’s merits and demerits. A symbol of the balance of all opposites and complementary factors. Attribute of Nemesis - the goddess of fate.

Disk

Solar winged disk (Egypt)

The disk is a multifaceted symbol: a symbol of creation, the center of the Void, the Sun, Heaven, deity, spiritual and heavenly perfection. The disk of the rising Sun is a symbol of renewal of life, life after death, resurrection. The disk of the Sun with the horned Moon or with horns means the union of solar and lunar deities, the unity of two in one.

The winged disk is a solar deity, the fire of Heaven, a combination of the solar disk and the wings of a falcon or eagle, the movement of the celestial sphere around its axis, transformation, immortality, the productive power of nature and its duality (protective and deadly aspects).

Rod, staff, scepter

Hooked staff and flail of Tutankhamun

The rod, staff and scepter are ancient emblems of supernatural power.

The wand is a symbol of transformation, associated with witchcraft and mysterious creatures. The staff is a symbol of male strength and power, often associated with the energy of trees, phallus, snake, hand (pointing finger). This is also an attribute of pilgrims and saints, but it can also mean knowledge, which is the only support of a person. The scepter is more ornate and is associated with higher deities and rulers, with spiritual power and at the same time compassionate wisdom.

Mirror

Fortune telling scene depicted on the back of a bronze mirror (Greece)

Symbolizes truth, self-realization, wisdom, mind, soul, the reflection of the supernatural and divine intelligence reflected in the Sun, Moon and stars, the clearly shining surface of divine truth.

It is believed that the mirror has magical properties and is the entrance to the looking-glass world. If a mirror is hung with its reflective surface facing down in a temple or over a tomb, it opens the way for the ascent of the soul. In magic, mirrors serve to develop the gaze.

Snake Ourobor (Oroboro, Ouroboros)

Snake biting its own tail

A ring-shaped figure depicting a snake biting its own tail is a symbol of eternity, indivisibility, cyclicality of time, alchemy. The symbolism of this figure has been interpreted in many ways, as it combines the creative symbolism of the egg (the space within the figure), the earthly symbolism of the snake, and the heavenly symbolism of the circle. In addition, a snake biting its tail is a symbol of the law of karma, the wheels of samsara are the wheels of Incarnation.

Caduceus

Caduceus

Caduceus (Greek - “staff of the messenger”) is often called the rod of Hermes (Mercury), the ancient god of wisdom. This is a “magic” wand with small wings, which is entwined with two snakes, intertwined so that the bodies of the snakes form two circles around the wand, symbolizing the fusion of two polarities: good - evil, right - left, light - darkness, etc., which corresponds to the nature of the created world.

The caduceus is worn by all messengers as a sign of peace and protection, and it is their main attribute.

Key

Saint Peter with the keys to the gates of heaven (detail of a stone image, Notre Dame, Paris, 12th century)

The key is a very powerful symbol. This is power, the power of choice, inspiration, freedom of action, knowledge, initiation. The crossed gold and silver keys are the emblem of papal power, the symbolic “keys to the Kingdom of Heaven” that Christ handed over to the Apostle Peter. Although keys can either lock or unlock doors, they are almost always symbols of access, liberation and (in rites of passage) initiation, the progression from one stage of life to the next. In Japan, the keys to the rice storage are a symbol of prosperity.

Wheel

Wheel of Law

Wheel of existence (samsara)

The wheel is a symbol of solar energy. The sun is the center, the spokes of the wheel are the rays. The wheel is an attribute of all solar gods and earthly rulers. It also symbolizes the life cycle, rebirth and renewal, nobility, variability and changes in the material world (the circle is the limit of the material world, and the center is the “immovable mover,” the cosmic source of light and power).

The spinning wheel is associated with the cycles of manifestation (birth, death and rebirth) and the destiny of man.

At an ordinary level, the wheel of Lady Luck (wheel of fortune) is a symbol of ups, downs and the unpredictability of fate.

Chariot

Antique hero on a chariot, symbolizing his readiness for battle

A dynamic symbol of the power, might and speed of movement of gods, heroes or allegorical figures. The chariot is also a symbol of human essence: the charioteer (consciousness), using the reins (willpower and mind), controls the horses (vital forces) pulling the cart (body).

The chariot (in Hebrew - Merkabah) is also a symbol of the chain of descent from God through man into the world of phenomena and then the triumphant ascent of the spirit. The word “Merkaba” also means the human light body.

Cauldron, bowl

Ritual cauldron (China, 800 BC)

Carl Jung views the cup as a feminine symbol that receives and gives. On the other hand, the cup can be a symbol of a difficult fate (“bitter cup”). The so-called poisoned chalice promises hope but brings disaster.

The cauldron is a more powerful symbol and is often associated with ritual activities and magic, representing transformative power. The cauldron is also a symbol of abundance, an inexhaustible source of life support, revitalizing forces, the reproductive forces of the earth, the rebirth of warriors for a new battle.

Blood

Detail of the painting “The Sixth Palace of the Underworld” by Fey Pomeranese: the last drops of blood flow out from a glass shaped like an ankh, a symbol of life

Ritual symbol of vitality. In many cultures, blood is believed to contain some of the divine energy or, more generally, the spirit of the individual.

Blood is red solar energy. Represents the principle of life, soul, strength, including rejuvenating. Drinking someone's blood means becoming related, but you can also absorb the power of an enemy and thereby protect him after death. Mixing of blood is a symbol of union in folk customs (for example, brotherhood by blood) or agreement between people, as well as between man and God.

Labyrinth

Plan of a medieval dance-labyrinth on the marble floor of the Cathedral in Chartres (France)

The labyrinth symbolizes the world, the Universe, incomprehensibility, movement, a complex problem, an enchanted place. This is a symbol of mystery, enigma, which has many different interpretations, often contradictory, sometimes frightening.

Images of a labyrinth on houses are considered an amulet for protection against hostile forces and evil spirits.

Burial sites, burial caves and labyrinthine burial mounds protect the dead and prevent them from returning.

Lotus

Vishnu and Lakshmi observing creation: Brahma grows from a lotus flower originating from Vishnu's navel

The amazing veneration of the lotus in various cultures is explained both by the extraordinary beauty of the flower and by the analogy between it and the idealized form of the vulva as the divine source of life. Therefore, the lotus, first of all, is a symbol of fertility, birth and rebirth. The lotus is the source of cosmic life, a symbol of the gods who created the world, as well as the sun gods. The lotus symbolizes the past, present and future, as each plant has buds, flowers and seeds at the same time. This is a symbol of a noble man who grew out of dirt, but is not stained by it.

Moon

Above – the waxing moon and the full moon; below – waning moon and new moon

The Moon is the ruler of the feminine principle. It symbolizes abundance, cyclical renewal, rebirth, immortality, occult power, variability, intuition and emotions. The ancients measured time by the cycles of the moon; determined the timing of the onset of high and low tides; predicted what the future harvest would be like.

Although the moon's symbolism is usually positive, in some cultures it is represented as an evil eye watching over events, associated with death and the ominous darkness of the night.

Magic circle

Doctor Johann Faustus and Mephistopheles (from Christopher Mardlowe's The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus, 1631)

The magic circle is the basis of ceremonial magic. It serves as a symbol of the magician's will and at the same time a protective barrier that protects the magician from the negative influence of the invisible world. In such a circle all magical operations are performed. Different circles are used for different purposes. Drawing a circle is a certain magical ritual that must be performed according to all established rules. In addition, it is believed that drawing magic circles and inscriptions helps to develop self-control and gait.

Mandala

The circle and square of the mandala represent the spherical shape of Heaven and the rectangular shape of the Earth. Together they symbolize the order of things in space and in the human world

It is a geometric composition symbolizing spiritual, cosmic or psychic order. In Sanskrit, mandala means circle. Even when this geometric composition is based on squares or triangles, it still has a concentric structure. The overall meaning of the composition remains unchanged and symbolizes the guiding mind, supernatural structures, and the clarity of enlightenment.

Mandorla, or Vesica Piscis (surrounds the entire body of the persona)

Mandorla, or Vesica Piscis

An image of an almond-shaped halo (radiance) used in medieval Christian art to highlight the figure of Christ ascending into heaven, and sometimes ascending saints.

In mysticism, “almonds” (in Italian - mandorla) are a symbol of purity and chastity. The mandorla, due to its oval shape, was in ancient times a symbol of the vulva. It is also a graphic representation of a flame, a symbol of spirituality. On the other hand, it symbolizes the dualistic unity of Heaven and Earth, depicted as two intersecting arcs.

Halo

Buddha halo

A type of halo: a luminous circle surrounding a person's head. The golden halo symbolizes the holiness of the individual or confirms the fact that the person is communicating directly with a higher plane.

The image of the halo is borrowed from the magical symbolism of the Egyptians, as evidenced by images from the ancient Egyptian “Book of the Dead”.

Nimbus

The halos and halos surrounding the heads of the saints symbolize the Light of God emanating from them

A halo is a type of halo: a luminous ring around the head. It symbolizes spiritual power, as opposed to temporal power represented by the crown. Sometimes the halo is used as an attribute of the Phoenix bird as a symbol of solar power and immortality.

The halo can be blue, yellow or rainbow. In Greek mythology, a blue halo is an attribute of Zeus as the god of Heaven. The Romans had a blue halo - an attribute of Apollo and Jupiter. A triangular or diamond-shaped halo signifies God the Father.

Sword

Inlaid swords found by Schliemann in Mycenae (Athens, National Museum)

The sword is one of the most complex and most common symbols. On the one hand, the sword is a formidable weapon that brings life or death, on the other hand, it is an ancient and powerful force that arose simultaneously with the Cosmic Balance and was its opposite. The sword is also a powerful magical symbol, an emblem of witchcraft. In addition, the sword is a symbol of power, justice, supreme justice, all-pervading intelligence, insight, phallic strength, light. The sword of Damocles is a symbol of fate. A broken sword means defeat.

bird feather

Aztec feather headdress (drawing from the Codex Mendoza)

The bird feather symbolizes truth, lightness, Heaven, height, speed, space, soul, the element of wind and air, opposed to the principle of moisture, dryness, travel beyond the material world. In a broader sense, feathers worn by shamans, priests or rulers symbolized a magical connection with the spirit world or divine power and protection. Wearing feathers or feathered hairstyles means taking on the power of a bird. Two feathers symbolize light and air, two poles, resurrection. The white feather symbolizes clouds, sea foam and cowardice.

Horns

Depiction of a Persian king from the Sasanian period

Horns symbolize supernatural power, deity, soul force, or the life principle arising from the head. Horns are both a solar and lunar symbol. Being sharp and piercing, horns are a phallic and masculine symbol; being hollow, they signify femininity and receptivity. Horned gods symbolize warriors and fertility for both humans and animals. Horns with a long ribbon falling from them signify the god of the storm. In later times, horns became a symbol of shame, contempt, depravity and a deceived husband.

Hand

"Hand of Fatima" (Muslim carved pendant)

Power (worldly and spiritual), action, strength, dominance, protection - these are the main symbolism that reflects the important role of the hand in human life and the belief that it is capable of transmitting spiritual and physical energy.

The hands of kings, religious leaders and miracle workers are believed to have healing powers; hence the laying on of hands in religious blessing, confirmation and ordination. They bless with the right hand, and curse with the left. In Islam, the open palm of Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad, symbolizes the five fundamentals: faith, prayer, pilgrimage, fasting, and mercy.

Sun

Variants of the image of the solar disk

The sun is one of the twelve symbols of power, the main symbol of creative energy.

As a source of heat, the Sun represents vitality, passion, courage and eternal youth. As a source of light, it symbolizes knowledge and intelligence. In most traditions, the Sun is a symbol of masculinity. The sun is also life, vitality, the embodied character of the individual, the heart and its aspirations. The Sun and Moon are gold and silver, king and queen, soul and body, etc.

Tetramorphs

Image of Christ with tetramorphs in the corners (from a manuscript of the 12th–13th centuries)

Tetramorphs are considered a synthesis of the forces of the four elements. In some cults, these are four-headed guards of the four cardinal directions. In many traditions, they symbolize the universality of divine protection and protection from the return of primary chaos.

The four biblical tetramorphs have the heads of a man, a lion, an ox and an eagle. Subsequently, in Christianity, these images began to be identified with the apostles - Saints Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, as well as with the incarnation of Jesus Christ, his resurrection and ascension.

Thyrsus

Thyrsus

Thyrsus is the staff of the Greek god of wine Dionysus (in Roman mythology Bacchus). It is a spear-shaped pole (originally made from a hollow dill stalk), topped with a pine cone or a bunch of grapes and entwined with vines or ivy. Symbolizes fertilizing, fertile power - both sexual and plant.

The cone is present on the thyrsus, probably because fermented pine resin was mixed with the wine drunk during bacchanalia - it was believed that this enhanced sexual sensations.

Ax (axe)

Great Mother with a double ax in her hands (the ax here is a phallic symbol)

The ax is a symbol of power, thunder, fertility, rain brought by the heavenly gods and stormy winds, correcting mistakes, making sacrifices, support, help. It is also a common symbol of sovereignty associated with the ancient sun gods.

The double ax (double-sided ax) signifies the sacred union of the god of Heaven and the goddess of Earth, thunder and lightning. Sometimes the blades of a double-sided ax, resembling crescents, symbolize the Moon or the unity of opposites. It is also a symbol of supreme power and strength.

Trident

The trident of Vishnu as a symbol of his triune essence: creator, preserver and destroyer (from a painting from Rajasthan, 18th century)

The trident is the most famous symbol of power over the sea and an attribute of the ancient Greek god Poseidon (in Roman mythology - Neptune).

The trident symbolizes thunder and lightning, three flames, triple weapons - the forces of sky, air and water. This is a weapon and attribute of all heavenly, thunder gods and storm goddesses, as well as all water gods, the strength and fertility of waters. Can symbolize the Heavenly Triad, as well as the past, present and future.

Trigrams

Eight trigrams underlying the Book of Changes

Trigrams are a triple combination of continuous (yang) and broken (yin) lines. There are eight of them, and they formed the basis of the great Chinese book of predictions, “The Book of Changes” (“I Ching”). Trigrams symbolize the Taoist doctrine that the cosmos is based on constant flows of complementary forces: male (active, yang) and female (passive, yin).

Trigrams also personify the three essences of a person - his body, soul and spirit; irrational emotions, rational mind and super-rational intelligence.

Triquetra (three-pointed swastika)

Triquetra

The Triquetra largely has the symbolism of the swastika. This is also the movement of the Sun: at sunrise, zenith and sunset. There have been suggestions about the connection of this symbol with the lunar phases and the renewal of life. Like the swastika, it is a symbol that brings good luck. He often appears with solar symbols; it can be seen on ancient coins, on Celtic crosses, where it is believed that this sign symbolizes the triad and is a symbol of the sea god Manannan. It also appears in Teutonic symbolism, where it is associated with Thor.

Triskelion

Triskelion

A symbol of dynamic energy in the form of three legs connected together. It is similar to a swastika, but with three rather than four bent arms, creating a cyclical effect. As a motif in Celtic art and on Greek coins and shields, the triskelion has less to do with the solar and lunar phases (one of the suggested meanings) and more to do with power and physical strength. In addition, the triskelion is a symbol of victory and progress.

Shamrock

Shamrock

Heraldic trefoil

The shamrock-clover symbolizes unification, balance, and also destruction. The oxalis trefoil, which the Arabs call shamrah, symbolizes the Persian triads. The trefoil is generally a symbol of triads, it is a Mystical Tree, a “sun wheel”. In Christianity, it is a symbol of the Trinity, as well as the emblem of St. Patrick and the coat of arms of Ireland.

To always be profitable, carry dried shamrock with you.

Trimurti

Trimurti - Indian Trinity (sketching of a very ancient image on granite, India House Museum)

The Holy Hindu Trinity is Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. Symbolizes the three cycles of existence: creation, preservation and destruction. Despite its similarities to the Christian Trinity, Trimurti is not a monotheistic concept of a "triune god".

Trimurti is sometimes depicted as a turtle. She also symbolizes the Great Mother - both in her terrible manifestation (with symbols of flame and skulls) and in her beneficial form (like Lotus, Sophia, Tara, like wisdom and compassion).

Trinity

The symbol of the Trinity - Father, Son and Holy Spirit - as One God

The Trinity differs from the triad in that it is a unity, a union of three in one and one in three. It is a symbol of unity in diversity.

In Christianity it is the Father, Son and Holy Spirit or Mary, Joseph and Jesus. The symbols of the Trinity are the hand (symbol of the Father), the lamb (symbol of the Son) and the dove (symbol of the Holy Spirit).

The Trinity is symbolized by the colors yellow, red and green; three qualities - Love, Faith and Hope.

Human

Symbolic representation of man as the Universe: a square in a circle (China)

The crown of all living things. A symbol of what is capable of improvement. Created in the image and likeness of God, it combines the material and the spiritual, the heavenly and the earthly. This is a microcosm, symbolically containing all the elements of the universe (macrocosm). The human body in the Pythagorean tradition is depicted as a pentagram consisting of arms, legs, and head. In man, three principles are united, which modern scientists call body, life and will. Symbolically, this can be represented by three points (beginnings) enclosed in a circle.

Universal symbols-concepts

The knowledge of ideas reveals in temporary phenomena their timeless eternal meaning.

Andrey Bely

Symbols-concepts are numbers or geometric figures that reflect ideas, feelings or abstract qualities of something directly related to the inner world of a person.

Duality of the world

Solomon's Double Triangle Diagram: God of Light and God of Reflection

The duality of the world - the interaction of two polarities behind the created universe (light and darkness, good and evil, etc.) - is reflected in many symbols. The most famous of them is the “yin-yang” symbol. Also interesting are the symbols presented by the famous occultist Eliphas Levi, such as the “Double Triangle of Solomon” diagram.

The main symbol used by people far from the occult to depict duality is the ordinary number two, although, nevertheless, it also has a magical nature.

Yin-yang (principle)

Yin-yang sign

The Chinese call the yin-yang symbol Tai Shi - the circle of existence. The circle is divided into two equal parts of an S-shaped curve: dark, feminine (yin), and light, masculine (yang). The circle seems to rotate, darkness gives way to light, and then light gives way to darkness. The Chinese claim that even in the purest light there is an element of darkness, and vice versa. Therefore, in the center of each part there is a small circle of the opposite color: black on a white background and white on a black background. This image symbolizes the balanced dynamism of opposing forces and principles in the cosmos.

Rays

Sun with zigzag rays (golden Inca mask)

It is a symbol of fertilizing power, holiness, spiritual enlightenment and creative energy, creative power. The rays can represent the hair of the sun god, a manifestation of the divine essence, or the radiance (halo) emanating from saints. In solar symbolism, the seventh ray is the main path to heaven.

Wisdom

Ancient Greek goddess of wisdom Athena (in Roman mythology Minerva) with a coiled snake at her feet

The main symbols of wisdom are the snake (daytime, solar, but flexible male sign in a feminine way) and the owl (nightly, lunar, acting unnoticed, silently, but feminine decisively and quickly in a masculine way). It is the combination in each of them of the most important properties of the masculine and feminine principles that very accurately corresponds to wisdom. Other symbols of wisdom: dragon, griffin, peacock, sphinx, unicorn, bird, bee, rat, lotus, heart, number seven, scepter, scroll, ring, etc.

“Out of many roses comes a drop of oil, out of many torments comes a drop of wisdom” (Persian saying).

axis mundi

Teth of Osiris

In the esoteric tradition, the symbols of the axis of the world, the World Tree, are a spear, a sword, a key and a scepter.

The Egyptians use Tat (or Teth) as a symbol of the world axis and the North Pole - the spine of Osiris, which, in addition, personifies stability, strength, immutability, preservation.

Light

Light coming from Buddha

Light is the first creation. It is associated with the beginning and the end. Light and darkness are two aspects of the Great Mother: life and love, death and burial, creation and destruction.

The light of the Sun represents spiritual knowledge, and the reflected light of the Moon represents rational, analytical knowledge.

Light is usually depicted in the form of straight or wavy rays, the disk of the Sun or a halo. As a rule, a straight line represents light, and a wavy line represents heat. Light and heat symbolically complement each other and are the two poles of the element of Fire.

Death and Rebirth

Death and rebirth of human beings. Detail of symbolism on a gravestone in Dieste (Belgium)

This image in Christianity is expressed by ancient complex symbols. The above composition combines two “circle-cross” pairs, each pair personifying death and rebirth. The lower pair is represented by crossed bones and a rounded skull (symbol of death). From the lower circle (skull) grows a cross similar to the one on which Christ died - the cross of resurrection, rebirth. This entire allegory is inscribed in a larger circle - a sign that the death and rebirth of human beings are within the great spiritual sphere of the cosmos.

Consciousness (three aspects)

Symbols representing the three aspects of consciousness

Usually the three aspects of consciousness are depicted as three animals: one of them lives underground, another on the earth, and the third flies above the earth. An animal living underground represents a microcosm; that which flies in the air is the macrocosm; and the animal that walks on the Earth represents the middle stage between the first two - like us, for example. The most common symbols: in Egypt - cobra, right eye of Horus, hawk; in Peru - rattlesnake, puma and condor; among the American Indians - rattlesnake, mountain lion and eagle; in Tibet - snake, pig and rooster.

Dance

Dervish dance (the grace of God descends to the dancer through the raised hand, penetrates his body and spirit and, leaving him, connects with the earth through the lowered hand)

The main symbolism of the dance: cosmic creative energy, transformation of space into time, the rhythm of the universe, imitation of the divine “game” of creation, maintaining strength, emotions, activity.

Circle dances imitate the movement of the Sun in the sky. Chain dancing is a symbol of the connection between a man and a woman, Heaven and Earth. When a dance is performed around an object, it is thereby closed, enclosing it in a magic circle, protecting and giving strength.

Shadow

Priestly esotericism: the sign of Anathema (from the book Transcendental Magic by Eliphas Levi, 1896)

A symbol of the negative principle, as opposed to the positive solar one. Among some primitive tribes, the shadow symbolizes the human soul, the same in witchcraft and conspiracies. Falling into the shadow of another person is a bad omen.

The engraving below shows a human hand performing an act of blessing. A strong ray of light casts a shadow from the blessing hand on the wall, and this shadow is the image of the horned head of the Devil. The main idea of ​​the allegory is this: evil and good are intertwined, and darkness and light confront each other in a kind of moral duel.

Emblems of modern religions

It is difficult to find the Creator and Father of this universe, but even having found Him, it is impossible to express Him in a language understandable to everyone.

Nowadays, there are three world religions on the globe - Christianity, Islam (Muslim) and Buddhism. Each of them is accepted in many countries. They arose a long time ago: Christianity is 2000 years old, Islam is almost 1400 years old, and Buddhism is about 2500 years old.

There are other religions that, although not world ones, have also become widespread.

Christianity

Chalice and cross

One of the symbols of Christ's love is the combination of a cup and a cross. The cup, or goblet, in this case refers to the great suffering that Jesus endured, calling it “the cup.”

The image of the cup refers to Jesus' prayer in the Garden of Gethsemane: “Father! Oh, that You would deign to carry this cup past me! however, not my will, but Yours be done.”

The cross is depicted as pointed. Its sharp ends, like swords of sorrow and pain, pierce the suffering soul.

Islam

Star and crescent of Islam

The main emblem of the youngest world religion, Islam, founded by the prophet of Allah, Muhammad (570–632), is a crescent with a star inside. The emblem denotes divine protection, growth, rebirth and, together with the star, paradise. The star is a traditional symbol of independence and divinity. The crescent moon is one of the true forces capable of resisting evil, a powerful talisman.

The crescent in Islamic countries replaces the cross in Red Cross organizations.

Buddhism

Maitreya

In Buddhism, Maitreya is the name of the Buddha of the coming world order. He is the only Bodhisattva (“whose essence has become mind”) recognized by all major schools of Buddhism. The essence of a Bodhisattva is the act of sacrifice: giving up the bliss of nirvana to help humanity within the limits allowed by karmic limitations.

Maitreya is depicted sitting on the throne in a “European pose” (with his legs down), indicating the haste of his arrival; it is golden in color. Next to Maitreya it is customary to depict a wheel of dharma, a stupa and a vase.

Judaism

Mogendovid, or Shield of David

Judaism is the oldest of the monotheistic world religions (it arose in the 1st millennium BC in Palestine 4000 years ago). The basic principles of Judaism were later incorporated into Christianity and Islam.

The symbol of Judaism is the Mogendovid, or Shield of David. Most often associated with the six-pointed Star of David. A less common name is the Creator's Star; each end of the star symbolizes one of the six days of creation, and the central hexagon symbolizes the Sabbath (holy day of rest).

Zoroastrianism

Ahura-Mazda

Zoroastrianism is an ancient spiritual tradition, founded approximately 2500 years ago by the prophet Zoroaster, and now, unfortunately, consigned to oblivion. The Supreme God is Ahura Mazda. The sacred canon is the Avesta (“law”).

Zoroastrianism is based on the doctrine of the justice of the world order and the triumph of justice in the world struggle between good and evil, in which the free choice of man and his active participation play a decisive role. Zoroastrian morality contains an ethical triad: good thought, good word, good deed.

Hinduism

One of the Trimurti symbols

Hinduism combines elements of different faiths that go back centuries. Sacred books - Vedas (Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda). The three main gods make up the Trimurti (triad): Brahma is the creator of the world, Vishnu is the preserver of the world and Shiva is the destroyer. Their images symbolize the fundamental processes of change in nature (prakriti).

The basis of Hinduism is the doctrine of reincarnation of souls (samsara), which occurs in accordance with the law of retribution (karma) for virtuous or bad behavior.

Confucianism

The symbol of Confucianism is the figure of the “Highest Saint” himself.

Confucianism and Taoism are the most famous of the philosophical movements that existed in China even before its unification (221 BC). Gradually intertwining with the traditions of Buddhists and Taoists, the teachings of Confucius acquired a religious overtones. According to Confucius, one must live in such a way that human behavior reflects the laws of the Universe, which exists according to a certain order. “The master teaches his students four disciplines: culture, behavior, loyalty and faith” (book “Lun Yu”, 7.25).

Taoism

Tai Chi (yin-yang circle)

Taoism is literally the “School of Tao.” (Tao means “way”). It is an integral part of the philosophical and religious triad (Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism). The Chinese put all three teachings into practice depending on their life situation. In his personal life, a Chinese professes Taoism, but when it comes to social norms of behavior, he becomes a Confucian, and when faced with troubles and adversities in life, he turns to Mahayana Buddhism.

Graphically, the concept of Taoism is expressed by Tai Chi (in some sources - Tai Shi) - a symbol of a single limit.

Shintoism (Shinto)

Horin-rimbo - wheel of law (Japan)

Shinto is the Japanese national religion, its name comes from the Chinese word “sheng-dao” (“sacred path” or “way of the gods”). Shintoism is based on the cult of nature deities and ancestors. The highest deities are Amaterasu (the Sun Goddess) and her descendant Jimmu. Jimmu is the first emperor of Japan, the mythical ancestor of the Japanese emperors. The day is February 11, when, according to myths, in 660 BC. e. Jimmu ascended the throne, is considered the day the empire was founded and is celebrated as a holiday.

Crosses: the most common forms

The cross is a cosmic symbol that should be studied and treated with the utmost respect.

"The Science of Initiation"

The common symbol of humanity is the cross. It can be found in the most ancient religions, in the most ancient civilizations: in Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, etc. Who invented the cross? Nobody - because he exists in nature. This is an ancient universal symbol and, above all, a symbol of the connection between the micro- and macrocosm, spirit and matter in their connection. The cross symbolizes the involvement of the spirit (vertical line) in time (horizontal line).

The shapes of the cross are varied. They differ in the number of crossbars, the number of ends of the cross, and proportions.

Greek cross

Greek cross

The cross has the simplest form: square, with ends of equal length, the horizontal crossbar is located in the middle of the vertical one. Cross of St. George. This sign, also called the crux quadrata, has been used since prehistoric times in a variety of meanings - as a symbol of the sun god, the rain god, and the elements from which the world is created: air, earth, fire and water. In early Christianity, the Greek cross symbolized Christ. It is also a symbol of secular, earthly power, but received from God. Used in medieval heraldry.

Hammer cross

Hammer cross

The hammer cross is a type of Greek cross. One of the main heraldic crosses, named so from the French potenee - “support”, since its shape is similar to the supports used in antiquity.

Latin cross

Latin cross

Another name for the Latin cross is the long cross. Its horizontal crossbar is located above the middle of the vertical crossbar. It is the most common Christian symbol in the Western world. It is believed that it was from such a cross that Christ was taken down, hence its other names: the cross of the Crucifixion, the cross of the West, the cross of Life, the cross of Suffering. This form, so similar to a man with outstretched arms, symbolized God in Greece and China long before the advent of Christianity. For the Egyptians, a cross rising from the heart symbolized kindness.

Saint Peter's Cross

Saint Peter's Cross

The cross of St. Peter is an inverted Latin cross. Since the 4th century it has been one of the symbols of St. Peter, who is believed to have been crucified head down on an inverted cross in 65 AD. e. during the reign of Emperor Nero in Rome.

An inverted Latin cross, that is, the cross of St. Peter, with pointed ends, is the emblem of the Templar Order.

St. Andrew's cross (oblique cross)

St. Andrew's cross (oblique cross)

It is also called diagonal or oblique. The Apostle Saint Andrew suffered martyrdom on such a cross. The Romans used this symbol to mark a border beyond which passage was prohibited. The oblique cross also symbolizes perfection, the number 10. In heraldry, this cross is called the saltire.

Saint Andrew is the patron saint of Russia, and when Peter the Great created the Russian navy (in the 1690s), he adopted a blue oblique cross on a white background for the navy's flag.

Tau Cross (St. Anthony's Cross)

Tau cross

Saint Anthony's Cross

The Tau Cross is so named because of its resemblance to the Greek letter "T" (tau). It symbolizes life, the key to sovereignty, the phallus. In Ancient Egypt it was a sign of fertility and life. In biblical times, it was a symbol of protection. The Scandinavians have Thor's hammer. In Christian churches - the cross of St. Anthony (founder of Christian monasticism, 4th century). From the beginning of the 13th century - the emblem of Francis of Assisi. In heraldry this is the Almighty Cross. Also known as the "gibbet cross" because of its resemblance to a gallows, as it was made in ancient times.

Ankh (Egyptian cross)

Ankh - the key to the gates of death

The Ankh is the most significant symbol among the ancient Egyptians, also known as the “handled cross.” This cross combines two symbols: a circle (as a symbol of eternity) and a tau cross suspended from it (as a symbol of life); together they mean immortality, eternal life. The Ankh also represents “the life that will come,” “the time that will come,” hidden wisdom, the key to the secrets of life and knowledge, and the key that opens the gates of death. Perhaps it symbolizes the Tree of Life, as well as the sun rising above the horizon.

Maltese cross

Maltese cross

The Maltese cross is also called eight-pointed. It symbolizes the four great gods of Assyria: Ra, Anu, Belus and Hea. Emblem of the Knights of the Order of Malta. The white cross of this form on a black background was from the very beginning the emblem of the military and religious order of the Hospitallers (Johannites), who moved their headquarters to Malta (in 1529) - hence the name.

In philately, the Maltese cross was the first postmark, which was used to cancel postal items from 1840 to 1844.

Patriarchal cross

Patriarchal cross

The Patriarchal Cross is used by archbishops and cardinals. It is also called the Catholic cardinal's cross and the double-bar cross. The top crossbar represents a titulus (a board for writing a name), introduced by order of Pontius Pilate. Called the archbishop's cross, it is often found on the coats of arms of archbishops.

This cross is widespread in Greece and is sometimes called the Angevin or Lorraine cross. It is sometimes mistakenly called the Cross of Lorran.

Papal Cross

Papal Cross

The papal cross with three horizontal bars is also known as the triple cross. Used in processions in which the pope participates. The three crossed lines symbolize power and the Tree of Life.

Russian cross

Russian cross (cross of St. Lazarus)

This eight-pointed cross is the cross of the Russian Orthodox Church. It is also called the Eastern cross or the cross of St. Lazarus. Symbol of the Orthodox Church in the Eastern Mediterranean, eastern Europe and Russia.

The upper of the three crossbars is the titulus, where the name was written, as in the patriarchal cross, the lower crossbar is beveled.

Cross of Constantine (Chi-Rho sign)

Cross of Constantine

Magic seal with the symbol "Chi-Rho" (Agrippa, 1533)

The Cross of Constantine is a monogram known as “Chi-Rho” (“chi” and “rho” are the first two letters of the name of Christ in Greek). Legend has it that Emperor Constantine saw this cross in the sky on his way to Rome, and along with the cross he saw the inscription “By this victory.” According to another legend, he saw a cross in a dream the night before the battle and heard a voice: “With this sign you will win”). They say that it was this prediction that converted Constantine to Christianity. And the monogram became the first generally accepted symbol of Christianity - as a sign of victory and salvation.

Rosicrucian cross

Cross with rose (Rosicrucian)

Another name is the cross of a rose (five-petalled). Emblem of the Rosicrucian Order. Symbol of harmony, center, heart. The rose and cross also symbolize the Resurrection and Atonement of Christ. This sign is understood as the divine light of the Universe (rose) and the earthly world of suffering (cross), as the feminine and masculine, material and spiritual, spiritual and sensual love. The cross with a rose is a symbol of an initiate who, thanks to work on himself, has managed to develop in himself love, life-giving and transforming matter.

Masonic cross

Masonic cross (cross in a circle)

The Masonic cross is a cross inscribed in a circle. It means a holy place and a cosmic center. The four dimensions of space in the celestial circle symbolize the totality that includes the Great Spirit. This cross represents the Cosmic Tree, spreading horizontally over the Earth and touching Heaven through the vertical central axis. Such a cross was either made in stone or depicted on the walls of Roman Gothic churches, symbolizing their sanctification.

Pacifist cross

Pacifist cross (peace cross)

This symbol was developed by Gerald Holtom in 1958 for the then emerging movement for nuclear disarmament. To develop the symbol, he used the semaphore alphabet: he made a cross from its symbols - for "N" (nuclear, nuclear) and "D" (disarmament, disarmament) - and placed them in a circle, which symbolized a global agreement. This cross soon became one of the most common signs of the 60s of the twentieth century, symbolizing both peace and anarchy.

Images of time

The wise turn years into months, months into weeks, weeks into days.

Everything is perishable in this world.

The image of inexorable time is the road. The symbol of time is sand flowing through your fingers. Attributes of measured time - a clock, a burning candle; it is a symbol of the elusiveness of the present moment.

The pantheon of gods of almost all ancient cultures necessarily includes the God of Time.

Abraxas

Abraxas – symbol of time (Gnostic gem)

Abraxas is the personification of the divine cycles of the solar year. This is the mystical image of the Supreme Being, the highest of the seven. It consists of five emanations (radiations): Nus (Mind), Logos (Word), Phronesis (Mind), Sophia (Wisdom), Dynamis (Strength). The human body in the image represents God. The two snake supports emerging from it are Nous and Logos (intuition and quick understanding). The head of the rooster signifies foresight and vigilance (mind). Two hands hold the symbols of Sophia and Dynamis: the armor of wisdom and the whip of power.

Kalachakra

Namchu-vanden - Kalachakra emblem

Kalachakra literally means “wheel of time,” “passage of time.” The sacred doctrine in Vajrayana Buddhism. An astrological and astronomical system that penetrated into Tibet from India. Kalachakra introduces the idea of ​​cyclical time with periods of 12 and 60 years (Tibetan calendar). According to legend, the Kalachakra teachings were given by Shakyamuni Buddha. According to other sources, this teaching was brought to Tibet by Pitop, or the Great Kalachakrapada, who, miraculously arriving in Shambhala, was initiated there by King Kalki into the Kalachakra teaching.

Kronos

Kronos (Roman Saturn), 15th century

The ancient Greek symbol of time - the Titan Kronos - in the Russian language became the ancestor of many words (the particle “chrono” is part of complex words indicating their relationship to time): chronic, chronology, chronometer, etc.

Kronos (Roman Saturn) - the god of Time, in the image of fading autumn or the departing Sun, sometimes along with his sickle also has a hood, which symbolizes invisibility, death and retreat. Since the hood covers the head, it also signifies thought and spirit.

Ourobor (snake biting its own tail)

Ouroborus as an emblem of death (from George Withere's book "Collection of Emblems, Ancient and Modern", 1635)

The most obvious meaning of the symbol is associated with the concept of time: the passage of time is accompanied by destruction, since the past seems to be irretrievably lost. This is reflected in the fact that the serpent "devours" its own tail, just as time seems to consume itself. We can say that time has a cyclical nature (day follows night, seasons repeat, etc.), and this is expressed in the form of a serpent, in the fact that it is curled into a circle. The symbol of the emblem can be expressed by the phrase: “In my beginning lies my end” or “The end is in the beginning.”

Tempus

Image of Time – Tempus (Rome)

The Romans depicted time in the form of a male winged figure with goat legs, with a scythe in his hands (“the inexorable scythe of time”) - this is Tempus (from the Latin tempus - time).

The figure of Tempus personifies the frailty and transience of all living things, and therefore is associated with the symbol of Death.

"Clock" of our body

“Clock” of our body (numbers in the inner circle - time of day)

The Chinese consider it useful to influence the organs of the body at a strictly defined period of the day (stimulate during activity, and vice versa).

Twelve major organs, according to medical practice, have two hours of activity (see figure). Designations: GB – gallbladder: (from 23 to 1 o’clock); Liv – liver; Lu – lungs; Li – large intestine; St – stomach; Sp – spleen; H – heart; Si – small intestine; UB – bladder; K – kidneys; P – brain; TW – spinal cord.

Symbolism of the plant kingdom

The beauty of plants is the common heritage of the world, that is, it is always macrocosmic and not microcosmic.

The symbol of the plant kingdom is a tree. Its branches, representing diversity, extend from a common trunk, which is a symbol of unity. A green, blooming tree is a symbol of life; dead, withered - a symbol of death. An old, gnarled tree can mean wisdom and strength.

The flower is an emblem of the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth. Flowers represent beauty (especially female beauty), innocence, divine blessing, spring, youth, but also the brevity of existence. Everything in a flower can carry a certain symbolism: its shape, the number of petals, color, and smell...

Vine

Ornament – ​​grapevine motif

Grapes are one of the oldest symbols of fertility, abundance and vitality. The vine is one of the symbols of Christ. The importance of wine in many religious rituals is based on the grape's symbolic connection with Divine blessing. The vine was the first plant Noah planted after the flood.

Grape juice resembles human blood. In some mysteries, grapes are a symbol of lust and debauchery, greed and drunkenness. A bunch of grapes is sometimes represented as a phallic symbol. But grapes are also seen as a symbol of the solar spirit.

Cherry

Sakura (19th century Japanese print, Utagawa Kunisada)

In Christian iconography, a cherry is sometimes depicted instead of an apple as a fruit from the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil; sometimes Christ is depicted with cherries in his hand. In China, the cherry tree is a symbol of good luck, spring (due to early flowering) and virginity; The vulva is called the “spring cherry.” Cherry blossoms (sakura) are a symbol of Japan; it is cultivated as an ornamental tree; its fruits are inedible. The Japanese identify cherry blossoms with the rising Sun. Cherry, in addition, is the emblem of the samurai.

Pomegranate

Exploding Garnet

The opening pomegranate (fruit) symbolizes the Easter Resurrection of Christ, giving Christians confidence in forgiveness, faith in the future life and resurrection. Due to the abundance of seeds, pomegranate is a symbol of fertility. It is also an ancient oriental emblem of the sun god and an emblem of life, a divine symbol called the “forbidden secret.”

The remains of the flower (thorn) on the upper part of the fruit serve as an image of the crown in heraldry. The garnet is always depicted as golden. And there are always twelve pomegranate seeds - a number that has symbolized perfection since ancient times.

Oak and acorn

Acorn

Oak is a symbol of power, endurance, longevity and nobility, as well as glory. In Ancient Rome, a wreath of oak leaves was the highest reward for a victorious commander.

As an emblem of valor and courage, oak (oak leaf, oak branch, oak wreath, oak garland) is used in military insignia in many countries.

An oak with acorns is an emblem of maturity, full of strength. An oak without acorns is an emblem of young valor. The acorn is a symbol of fertility, prosperity, spiritual energy growing from the grain of truth.

Kabbalistic Tree

Kabbalistic Tree (drawing from the book of R. Fludd, 1574–1637)

This is an inverted Cosmic Tree. Its crown touches the ground, and its roots are strengthened in the spiritual world and feed on the spiritual energy of the sky, spreading it to the outside world and down. This is a favorite image in Kabbalism and other mystical and magical teachings. It testifies that human life is the descent of the spirit into the body and back. It is also a symbol of philosophical growth, growing inward.

In the Bhagavad Gita, an inverted tree means the origin of everything from a single root; in Islam, it is a symbol of happiness and good luck.

Cypress

Seven cypress trees and twelve branches - the personification of the universe and its eternal truths (Istanbul, Turkey)

In the West, cypress is a mystical symbol of death and mourning, the personification of sadness and grief, as it was used in embalming the body and for making coffins. In Asia it is a symbol of longevity and immortality. The Arabs call the cypress tree the Tree of Life. In Greece, cypress has always had a dual reputation: it was a symbol of the gloomy god of the underworld Hades, but at the same time also of more cheerful gods - Zeus, Apollo, Aphrodite and Hermes. Therefore, it became a symbol of rebirth and life after death. In China, the smoke of cypress branches is a symbol of light forces, a talisman against misfortune.

Clover

Four leaf clover

The three-leaf form of clover (trefoil) is a symbol of the Christian Trinity. The rare quatrefoil is a symbol of good luck; There is a belief that Eve took one quatrefoil as a memory of her lost paradise. But a five-leaf clover brings bad luck.

In China, clover is the emblem of spring. The Irish use clover leaves as a national emblem, which probably dates back to the Celts' veneration of the plant for its vigorous growth in the spring.

Roots

Seed and roots

A symbol of connection with the earth, with family.

“A man with roots,” they say about a man who stands firmly on his own two feet.

“Look at the root” - pay attention to the most essential, delve into the essence.

“The root of evil” is the source, the core of evil.

“Uproot” means taking a life, cutting off access to food, radically solving a problem.

Laurel

Laurel wreath

The laurel symbolizes immortality, but also triumph, victory and success. It represents peace, purification, protection, divinity, secret knowledge. According to ancient Greek myth, the god of the Sun, dawn and poetry, Apollo, pursued the nymph Daphne, who, running away from him, turned into a laurel bush (in Greek “laurel” is “daphne”). In the arms of Apollo there was a tree, with the branches of which he decorated his head and lyre. That is why in Ancient Greece musicians, poets, and dancers, whose patron was Apollo, were awarded laurel wreaths. The Romans extended this tradition to military victors.

Lily

Fleur-de-lys, coat of arms of the French kings

One of the most multifaceted and even contradictory symbols. The triple lily is a symbol of the Trinity and three virtues: Faith, Hope and Charity. Lily is an attribute of many saints, including Archangel Gabriel. White lilies can sometimes symbolize death. The lily is also associated with fertility and erotic love due to its pistil, which has an arrow-shaped or spear-shaped (phallus-like) shape, and a specific strong aroma. The lily is a sign of prosperity and royal power in Byzantium, and later the emblem of the French kings.

Palm branch

Palm branch

This is the main symbol of victory and triumph (“palm”).

In Ancient Greece, a palm branch was given along with a wreath to the winner of the Olympic Games as a personal wish for health and longevity. In Ancient Rome they were also awarded to victorious soldiers and gladiators. During Palm Sunday celebrations in Jerusalem, priests distribute blessed palm leaves in the shape of a cross. In Russia, they are replaced by willows. The palm branch is a symbol of longevity and one of the emblems of peace, and unlike the dove, it is a secular emblem.

Rose

Ten petal rose

The rose has polar symbolism: it is heavenly perfection and earthly passion, time and eternity, life and death, fertility and virginity. It is also a symbol of the heart, the center of the universe, the cosmic wheel, divine, romantic and sensual love. The rose is completeness, the mystery of life, its focus, the unknown, beauty, grace, happiness, but also voluptuousness, passion, and in combination with wine - sensuality and seduction. A rosebud is a symbol of virginity; withered rose - transience of life, death, sorrow; its thorns are pain, blood and martyrdom.

Heraldic roses

Heraldic roses: 1 – Lancaster; 2 – York; 3 – Tudor; 4 – England (badge); 5 – German rose Rosenow; 6 – Russian stamp

The heraldic medieval rose has five or ten petals, which connects it with the Pythagorean pentad and decanate. A rose with red petals and white stamens is the emblem of England, the most famous breastplate of English kings. After the "Wars of the Roses", named after the badges of the families fighting for the English crown, the scarlet rose of Lancaster and the white rose of York were combined in the form of the "Tudor Rose". The bright crimson rose is the unofficial emblem of Bulgaria. The famous tea rose is the emblem of Beijing. Nine white roses are in the coat of arms of Finland.

Sprouts

Fern sprouts (four-part diagram)

Sprouts (heart-shaped pattern)

The sprout is a symbol of the awakening of life. The simplest type is a grain “hatching from its shell,” a sprout resembling a curled fern leaf. These images are accompanied by a round or heart-shaped stripe. The heart-shaped pattern (point up) is a stable expression of agricultural ornament. A four-part composition with fern sprouts (a sacred plant among many peoples), the leaves of which are directed in all directions, is widely used.

Pumpkin

Painted gourd, vessel and talisman (China, 19th century)

The gourd pumpkin in Chinese culture is a symbol of health, wisdom and even the entire universe.

In America, pumpkin is the main attribute of the traditional holiday of evil spirits - Halloween. For this holiday, faces are carved on pumpkins, candles are inserted inside the pumpkins, and people go from house to house with these “lamps.”

In degraded symbolism, a pumpkin is a head.

Thistle

Thistle

Emblem of Scotland

Thistle means challenge, asceticism, vindictiveness, misanthropy. Donkey food. It also symbolizes sin, sorrow, the curse of God during expulsion from paradise; According to the Book of Genesis, Adam was punished with thistles. In Christian art, the thistle is an emblem of martyrdom.

But there is another side to the thistle's symbolism. Like some other thorny plants, it is considered a talisman and is endowed with the property of healing wounds. This is a plant with strong magical properties.

Apple tree, apple

The sovereign apple is one of the symbols of monarchical power

The apple tree is a symbol of fertility, one of the symbols of Mother Earth. A blooming apple tree means eternal youth, and in China - peace and beauty. The apple is a symbol of bliss, especially sexual, a symbol of restoration of potential, integrity, health and vitality. The apple represents love, marriage, spring, youth, longevity or immortality; in Christianity it is associated with temptation, the fall of man and his salvation. A bitten apple is a symbol of sin, anarchy, but also knowledge and hope. In art, an apple in the mouth of a monkey or snake is a symbol of original sin.

Symbolism of the animal kingdom

The animal kingdom in its different breeds embodies different impulses of the human psyche.

N. P. Rudnikova

In human consciousness, animals (animals, birds, fish, insects, etc.) act as symbols, on the basis of which figurative pictures of certain aspects of existence are compiled. The symbolism of animals extends to the higher foundations of man himself (thus, ideas about the soul are expressed in the form of a bird).

The ancient Egyptians believed that certain animals could embody cosmic and divine energies. The twelve animals of the zodiac are archetypal symbols and represent a closed cycle of energies.

Stork

“He who has acquired immortality flies on a stork into the sky” (the stork and the crane are symbols of immortality)

The stork symbolizes new life, the arrival of spring, good luck, filial or filial affection. In Christianity, the stork represents purity, chastity, piety, and vigilance. In the East, the stork is a symbol of immortality. Among the Slavs, the stork is an ancient totem bird, a symbol of the homeland, family well-being, home comfort, and love for one’s home. The punishment for destroying a nest or killing a stork is a fire that incinerates the killer’s house or himself. There is a belief that a stork brings newborn babies. A stork carrying a baby is a symbol of christening.

Butterfly

Butterfly image

Currently, the symbolism of the butterfly is dominated by the meaning of the anemone, a carefree creature, but also pure joy. In ancient times, it was represented as a symbol of transformation and immortality due to its life cycle: life (bright caterpillar) - death (dark chrysalis) - rebirth (free flight of the soul). The butterfly is a symbol of the soul in many regions of the world. In China, it is a symbol of light entertainment and a sign of lovers. In Japan, the butterfly is a symbol of a fickle and flighty lover, as well as female fussiness and the craft of a geisha; two butterflies - marital happiness.

Ram (Aries)

Ram head

One of the most important symbols and one of the most common emblems in the world (in variants: lamb, golden fleece, ram's head, ram's horns). The ram symbolizes fire, solar energy, ardent passion, courage, impulsiveness, stubbornness. In many cultures since ancient times it has meant male strength and sexual potency. A symbol of the elements - both creative and destructive, requiring sacrifice.

In modern everyday usage, the word “ram” is often synonymous with stupidity or stupid stubbornness.

Bull

Sacred Bull Apis (Egypt)

Symbol of the fertility of the earth. The most common symbol of sexual power, as well as violence and rage. This is the embodiment of power, power, male fertility. A symbol of divinity, royalty, elemental forces of nature, changing meanings in different eras and in different cultures. The bull's horns are a sign of the full moon, its huge body is the support of the world in Islamic and Vedic traditions; its abundant seed is nourished by the Moon in Iranian mythology; its mooing, stamping of hooves and shaking of horns are universally associated with thunder and earthquakes.

Wolf

She-wolf feeding Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome (bronze figure, 6th–5th century BC)

The symbolism of the wolf is dual.

Negative symbolism: ferocity, deceit, greed, cruelty, evil, gluttony and sexuality. Stories of witches turning into wolves and men becoming werewolves represent fears of demonic possession and male violence.

Positive symbolism: courage, victory, caring for the family's food. The wolf is a common symbol of knowledge through experience, the emblem of warriors.

IN heraldry The wolf is a symbol of anger, gluttony, and greed.

Raven, crow

The raven on the shield is a symbol of purification

“Daughters of Jerusalem! I am black, but beautiful" (alchemical symbol)

Raven and crow have similar symbolism. On the one hand, ravens are associated with war, death, desolation, evil and misfortune. Because of their blackness, they are considered symbols of chaos and the darkness that preceded the light of creation. On the other hand, the raven is a symbol of wisdom and justice. The raven has a connection with the world of the dead; he is able to get living and dead water. There is an opinion that the raven is a travel assistant and a fortuneteller. There is a belief that when crows begin to leave their nests, it portends famine or other misfortunes.

Pigeon

Dove as a symbol of peace

Peace, purity, love, serenity, hope. Traditional Christian symbol of the Holy Spirit and baptism. There is a legend that the devil and witches can turn into any creature except a dove and a sheep. Pigeon cooing is associated with both sex and the birth of children. A pair of doves is a symbol of sexual harmony; therefore, the dove became the personification of a tender wife. A dove with a laurel branch is a symbol of peace, a dove with a cornucopia is a happy accident. In the East, the dove is one of many symbols of longevity.

Dolphin

“Boy with a Dolphin” (Andrea del Verrocchio, 1475. Sculpture for a fountain)

The dolphin symbolizes love, the power of the sea, speed, salvation, transformation. This is man's friend in the sea element and its symbol. The dolphin is also a symbol of boundless joy, playfulness, unpredictability and even spiritual enlightenment. In Ancient Greece, the lord of the waters, Poseidon (Roman equivalent - Neptune), was often depicted in a cart pulled by dolphins. As a symbol of Christ's sacrifice, the dolphin is often depicted as pierced by a trident or an anchor (the secret symbol of the cross). Intertwined with the anchor, the dolphin is a symbol of caution, speed limits: “Hurry slowly.”

Toad, frog

Stylized image of a frog

The toad is one of the attributes of witchcraft. According to European superstitions, it is a companion of witches, reminiscent of the death and torment of sinners. At the same time, the toad, which in the Middle Ages personified darkness and evil, greed and lust, is associated with birth and rebirth. A symbol of ugliness, behind which a beautiful soul may be hidden. It also symbolizes longevity and wealth: the toad, like a snake, is believed to carry a gemstone in its forehead that attracts good luck.

The frog is a widespread symbol of fertility, a harbinger of spring rains and the awakening of nature.

Crane

Dancing cranes (bracelet from Kyiv)

In China and Japan, the crane symbolizes vigilance, longevity, wisdom, devotion, and honor. The image of a crane flying towards the Sun is a symbol of social aspirations, its snow-white body is a symbol of purity, its red head is the fire of life. In India and some Celtic regions, the crane is a symbol of betrayal, a harbinger of misfortune. In Rus', cranes, along with storks and nightingales, are considered “birds of God”; their symbolism is associated with the Sun.

Throughout the world, the crane is a symbol of communication with the gods.

Snake: general symbolism

Python (Greece)

The snake is the universal and most complex of all animal symbols, as well as the most widespread and perhaps the most ancient of them. The snake signifies death and destruction, but also life and resurrection. This is both the solar principle and the lunar principle, light and darkness, good and evil, wisdom and blind passion, healing and poison, preserver and destroyer. This duality of symbolism forces us to balance between fear and worship; the snake appears either as a hero or as a monster.

Snake: positive symbolism

"Snake Power"

An example of the positive symbolism of a snake is the concept of kundalini: a symbol of internal strength, psychic energy, a snake-like ball of vital energy dormant at the base of the spine. Kundalini energy is called "snake power". Sometimes she is depicted as a coiled snake with heads at both ends. In India and other regions, snakes are often considered guardians of shrines, water sources and treasures. This tradition is associated with the symbolism of fertility inherent in the snake, and with the belief that precious stones are the congealed saliva of snakes.

Snake: negative symbolism

Illustration for the “Poem of Gilgamesh” (seal of the Sumerian-Akkadian kingdom)

If we consider the frightening part of the symbolism of the snake, then it is a clear prototype of dragons and sea snakes or snake-like hybrids, symbolizing the many dangers that await a person in life. The snake is one of the worst omens, a symbol of darkness, evil, hatred, sin, temptation, deception. The snake is accused of causing people to lose God's gift of eternal life.

Snakes were an indispensable attribute of witches; witches' potions included some parts of snakes.

Snake: cosmogonic symbolism

Snake and egg (image of a snake supporting the world)

The snake is primarily a magical symbol of the forces that gave birth to life. A snake biting its own tail is a symbol not only of eternity, but also of divine self-sufficiency. The image of a snake guarding the eggs it has laid is associated with a huge snake entwining the whole world and supporting it or helping the earth's disk to float in the surrounding Ocean. The snake is in constant contact with the forces of earth, water, darkness and the underworld - lonely, cold-blooded, secretive, capable of rejuvenating by shedding its skin.

Snake as a symbol of wisdom

A snake coiled around a rod

Totemic symbolism, combined with the belief that snakes know the secrets of the earth and are able to see in the dark, endows snakes with wisdom or the gift of divination. “Be wise as serpents and simple as doves,” Christ told his disciples (Gospel of Matthew 10:16). The Greek word for "dragon" (which not only refers to a monster, but also means "snake with a piercing gaze") is etymologically related to vision. In art, the snake is an attribute of the goddess of wisdom Athena (Minerva) and the allegorical figure of Prudence, meaning the gift of foresight.

Snake: Alchemy and Healing

Rod of Mercury (caduceus)

Staff of Asclepius (Aesculapius)

The snake coiled around the rod is the alchemical symbol of Philosophical Mercury in its primary state.

According to mythology, Hermes (Mercury), the messenger of the gods, received a caduceus - a winged staff with the power to reconcile opponents. When he placed it between two fighting snakes, they peacefully wrapped themselves around the staff and calmed down. Snakes entwined around the caduceus symbolize the interaction of opposing forces. The snake coiled around a gnarled staff is the emblem of the Greek god of healing, Asclepius (Aesculapius), who is believed to have even been able to resurrect the dead.

Ibis

Ibis (Egyptian papyrus from the 19th Dynasty, 1295–1186 BC)

The ibis is the sacred bird of the Egyptians. Symbol of wisdom. In Ancient Egypt, the ibis was considered the incarnation of the lunar deity Thoth, the greatest god of Egypt, the patron of occult knowledge, who gave writing to humanity. He is depicted as a man with the head of an Ibis. This bird is also called the harvest keeper. Killing an ibis, even by accident, was considered a terrible crime.

It is believed that the ibis can only live in Egypt and, transported to other countries, dies there of melancholy.

Goat

Goat

The goat is a symbol of potency, vitality, masculinity, but also cunning, lust and stupidity; he personifies the destructive tendencies in a man. In the Western tradition, an old, lustful man is often referred to as a goat. In China and India, the goat is a positive male symbol. In Christianity, a goat is the personification of impurity and base lust.

The goat is often used for sacrifice ("scapegoat"). The goat is closely associated with Dionysus (Bacchus).

Cow

Holy cow

For many peoples, this animal symbolizes fertility, prosperity, as well as patience and passive endurance. The cow is an ancient symbol of mother's milk and (like the bull) the cosmic forces that created the world. In many cults, from Ancient Egypt to China, the cow personifies Mother Earth. She also symbolizes the moon and the sky, as her horns resemble a crescent moon, and her milk is associated with the Milky Way. The heads of moon goddesses in various cultures are decorated with cow horns. The cow is held in exceptional esteem in India.

a lion

Leo is a symbol of the Sun

The lion, universally called the king of beasts, has been one of the most common symbols of strength and majesty for thousands of years. General symbolism: divine, solar energy (symbol of fire and the Sun), royal power, strength, courage, wisdom, justice, protection, protection, but also cruelty, all-consuming ferocity and death. The lion is the image of all the great and terrifying forces of nature. He is considered both a destroyer and a savior, and is capable of representing both evil and the fight against evil. Leo is one of the forms of the Sphinx.

Heraldic lions

Heraldic lions

In heraldry, it is the most common and favorite image of an animal. Attributes of a heraldic lion: bow and arrows, saber, sword, axe, axe, halberds, etc. The main heraldic form is a lion on its hind legs and in profile. In this case, one eye and one ear are indicated on the head. A bloody tongue sticks out of the mouth. This lion is a symbol of strength, courage, generosity. There are other image options. In state emblems, a crowned lion is an emblem of power over subjects.

Bear

Heraldic bear

The bear is a symbol of good nature and rage, heroic strength and clumsiness, laziness and tender maternal feelings, gluttony and asceticism (albeit involuntary: it sleeps all winter without any food, “sucks its paw”). The bear represents unpredictability, bad temper, evil, rudeness, greed, sinfulness, the devil, as well as brutal primitive force. Badge of warriors in Northern Europe and Asia.

In addition, the bear is a symbol of the Moon and resurrection. K. Jung believes that the bear symbolizes the dark sides of the subconscious.

Mouse, rat

Mouse wedding

In Russia, the mouse is often called the “gray thief.” The mouse is also a symbol of timidity and invisibility. The mouse helps to find the loss in the house: “Mouse, mouse, play and give it back.” The mouse gives growth. In China, the mouse is one of the popular deities of wealth.

General symbolism of the rat: it is destruction, aggressiveness, greed; The rat is associated with disasters (pestilence) and death, but it is also the embodiment of perseverance, dexterity, cunning and fertility, and also has the gift of foresight (the legendary ability to foresee the death of ships).

Monkey

Hanuman, the monkey god playing with the peaches of immortality (from a Chinese dish)

The symbolism of the monkey is controversial. Most often, the monkey personifies sin, in particular physical sin. She is also a symbol of cunning, deceit, desire for luxury, malice, laziness (due to her angular movements), drunkenness, and sometimes a symbol of learning. The monkey (along with the white elephant and cow) is the third sacred animal in India. Even now, insulting a monkey by action causes great resentment among religious people. In Japan, the cry of a monkey is a symbol of deep melancholy. Carvings of three monkeys are considered in the East to be a talisman that protects against slander.

Deer

Stag (breastplate of Richard II, late 14th century)

A universal symbol associated with the East, sunrise, light, purity, renewal, creation and spirituality, but also with loneliness. The characteristic qualities of a deer are swiftness, grace and beauty. Deer are wonderful messengers and guides. They are credited with healing powers, especially the ability to find medicinal herbs. Deer is also a symbol of caution and keen hearing. In China, deer is associated with wealth (abundance) and good luck. Deer is a strong magical protector, one of the patron spirits of the Siberian peoples.

Eagle

The eagle as a symbol of the highest power and solar nature of the lord of the heavens and the head of all gods Zeus (painting on a Greek bowl, 6th century BC)

The eagle is the ruler of the air, the embodiment of power and speed. Solar symbol of the Sun gods, rulers, warriors. Associated with greatness, power, dominance, courage, inspiration. Represents the midday Sun, liberation from bonds, victory, pride, contemplation, royal origin, height. It is believed that the eagle is able to fly to the Sun, which is why it is called the messenger of heaven. Double-headed eagles can mean omniscience and double power. An eagle with a snake in its claws symbolizes the victory of the spirit. In this fight, the eagle is the personification of the force of good, and the snake is the force of evil.

Heraldic eagles

Double-headed eagle (Russian embroidery)

Eagle - emblem of the USA

In heraldry, the eagle is a symbol of power, dominance, generosity and foresight. On coats of arms, the eagle is most often depicted flying with its chest forward, with its wings raised up, or soaring. It can be one- or two-headed. Since the time of the founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus, he has been depicted on standards as the “bird of Jupiter.” After the Christian conquest of Palestine, the double-headed eagle became the coat of arms of the Holy Roman Empire, and later the Austrian (Austro-Hungarian) and Russian empires. The American bald eagle with outstretched wings has become the emblem of the United States.

Peacock

Peacock (medieval Persian design)

This is radiant glory, immortality, greatness, incorruptibility. The magnificent tail of a peacock is a symbol of the all-seeing Sun and eternal cosmic cycles, as well as the starry vault of heaven and, as a result, unity and interconnectedness. In ancient Rome, the peacock was considered the emblem of the empress and her daughters, while the eagle was the bird of the emperor. In Islamic decorative art, the unity of opposites (the Sun at its zenith next to the full Moon) is depicted in the form of two peacocks under the World Tree. In Christianity, the peacock, on the one hand, is a symbol of eternal life, and on the other, a symbol of pride, luxury and vanity.

Spider

Spider depicted on an American Indian amulet

Feminine. The Great Mother, in her terrible form as the weaver of fate, is sometimes depicted as a spider. All lunar goddesses are spinners and weavers of fate. The web that the spider weaves, weaves from the center in a spiral, is a symbol of the creative forces of the Universe, a symbol of the universe. The spider in the center of the web symbolizes the center of the world; The sun is surrounded by rays; The moon, representing the cycles of life and death, weaving the web of time. The spider is often associated with luck, wealth or rain. Killing a spider is a bad omen.

Pelican

Redstone plate showing a pelican feeding its chicks with its blood (Staffordshire, circa 1660)

The pelican symbolizes self-sacrifice and parental love, as well as mercy. In heraldry, this bird is usually depicted as resembling an eagle or crane, standing in a nest and trying to feed its chicks with its blood. Early Christian writers compared the pelican, feeding its offspring with its flesh, with Jesus Christ, who sacrificed his blood for the salvation of mankind. The pelican is also a symbol of European occultism (primarily alchemists and Rosicrucians), expressing the feat of self-sacrifice and the eternal rebirth of life.

Rooster

Rooster - sun bird (amulet image, China, 20th century)

The Rooster is vigilance, courage, courage, foresight, reliability. Herald of the dawn, symbol of the Sun and spiritual rebirth. These qualities of his prevail over pride, arrogance, and lust, which are also inherent in him. To the Romans it means “the third watch of time”: between midnight and dawn. The Rooster is a protector from all kinds of evil. It is believed that night ghosts and evil spirits disappear with the first cry of the rooster. The red rooster keeps fire away from the house, and the white rooster keeps ghosts away. Before moving into a new house, the Eastern Slavs would fly a rooster there. If he spent the night safely, then he could move in.

Bee

Young woman collecting honey from bees (15th century Herbalist)

The bee represents hard work, diligence, organizational and creative abilities, cleanliness, sociability, modesty, spirituality, courage, wisdom, dedication, eloquence (“honey speeches”). In Greek, Middle Eastern, and Islamic traditions, the bee is an allegory of the soul. The Chinese associate the bee with the fickle nature of “choosy brides.” Among the ancient Slavs, the bee was a symbol of love, as it combined “the sweetness of honey and the bitterness of the sting.” Queen bee, mother goddess, symbol of supreme power, fertility.

Scorpion

Scorpio (Gnostic gem)

Scorpio is a symbol of evil, self-destruction, death, punishment, retribution, vindictiveness, betrayal, but also a deep understanding of the world. Sometimes the scorpion serves as a talisman and amulet - Paracelsus advised people suffering from diseases of the reproductive system to wear it. In Africa, it was believed that the scorpion itself secretes remedies against its poison, so it was a symbol not only of killing, but also of healing. The red star Antares on the “back” of the celestial constellation Scorpio was considered in Europe the worst fire in the sky.

Elephant

White elephant

The huge mass and clumsiness of the elephant have now become metaphorical. However, the elephant, first of all, is a symbol of power: both tender, loving, and furious, destructive. Elephants are considered to be vindictive because they never forget the insults and cruel treatment inflicted on them. The thick skin of an elephant symbolizes spiritual invulnerability. The elephant is also a symbol of power, insight, prosperity, happiness, personifies the element of Earth, memory, wisdom, longevity, fidelity, patience, compassion. The elephant is often depicted on good luck amulets.

Dog

Nether Anubis (dog god)

In some countries, a dog is a sacred animal, in others it is considered an unclean, greedy, even vile creature and personifies evil. According to Islamic beliefs, angels will never visit a house where a dog lives. But more often than not, a dog is a symbol of protection and self-sacrifice. And also hunting (sometimes this symbol has a negative connotation - bullying).

In ancient Egyptian mythology, dogs, as good guides and guardians in the afterlife, were considered the companions of Anubis, depicted with the head of a jackal or dog.

Owl

Wise owl – attribute of Athens (Greece)

The owl is a traditional symbol of wisdom, an allegorical figure of Night and Sleep. In some ancient cultures, especially in China, the owl has ominous symbolism, signifying darkness, personifying the yang principle with a negative, destructive connotation. Due to its silent flight at night, glowing eyes and eerie cries, the owl is associated with death and occult powers. She is also credited with the gift of prophecy. Currently, the owl is mainly a symbol of insight and book erudition. “Scientific owls” are people of mental work.

Falcon

Falcon - the image of the rising sun

The falcon, like the eagle, is a solar symbol of victory. The personification of superiority, strong spirit, light, freedom. In Ancient Egypt, the falcon was a sacred symbol of the Sun; temples were dedicated to it; killing a falcon was considered a grave sin. In Western tradition, the falcon is a symbol of hunting. A falcon with a cap on its head is a symbol of hope for light and freedom. The falcon as a symbol of aggression is rare. Among the Slavs, this bird is a symbol of strength, courage, and a good fellow. The falcon is contrasted with the crow (as the embodiment of evil forces): “Where falcons fly, there the crow is not allowed.”

Ostrich

Australian coat of arms

In Ancient Egypt, an ostrich feather was an attribute of the goddess of truth and justice, Maat. This feather, according to legend, was placed on a scale when weighing the souls of the dead to determine the severity of their sins. Because ostrich feathers are the same length, they were used as a symbol of justice. The belief that an ostrich hides its head in the sand when danger appears (a symbol of avoiding problems) probably stems from the threatening pose of the ostrich when it bends its head towards the ground.

In the Australian coat of arms, the emu is a shield bearer along with the kangaroo.

Tigers

“Tiger Spring contains a tiger. Having mastered the contents of the tiger cave, a perfect man who has subjugated yin and yang.”

The tiger is a symbol of energy, strength, speed and talent. This image is both lunar and solar. He is both creator and destroyer. A tiger fighting a snake is a symbol of solar power. In a battle with a lion or dragon, it becomes a lunar symbol, cruel and ferocious. In Europe, the tiger is a symbol of power and bloodthirstiness. In the Far East it is a symbol of nobility and happiness. In the cultures of Asia and India it can be a symbol of aggression and protection, life and death, evil and good.

Turtle

Turtle entwined with a snake

The turtle symbolizes strength, patience, endurance, constancy, slowness, fertility, longevity, senile strength, and wisdom. In many cultures, the turtle is the oldest symbol of cosmic order, surrounded by special reverence. According to ancient ideas, a turtle entwined with a snake is a symbol of the creation of the world. In India, the symbolism of stability is expressed by the idea that the Earth rests on four elephants, which stand on a huge turtle slowly making its way through chaos. The turtle is also a symbol of protection from fire and water.

Lizard

Gourd pumpkin with a lizard image

This nimble, fast animal is a symbol of agility, elusiveness, and also rebirth (the latter) is associated with the lizard’s ability to leave its tail to those who catch it, which then grows back. Lizards, because they hide in the shade during the heat of the day, are considered the guardians of shadows, as well as the guardians of sleep and dreams. The lizard, in addition, can symbolize the subconscious and the shadows of our inner world.

The lizard was considered a good sign in Egypt and the ancient world, where it was sometimes associated with wisdom. It became an attribute of allegorical images of Logic. Symbol of Mercury, messenger of the gods.

Mythical creatures

Imaginary animals are found throughout the world in myths and folklore... They give us the opportunity to clearly characterize phenomena that would be difficult to define in any other way.

J. Tresidder

Mythical creatures are, as a rule, a combination of several animals, which allows the human imagination to endow them with unusual capabilities, including freedom from the usual principles of our world. Monsters, combining the appearance of several different animals, are a symbol of the original chaos or terrifying forces of nature; they also personify the evil forces in the nature of man himself. Fairy-tale animals are often depicted as guarding treasures or intimate, secret knowledge.

Ba (bird)

Bird of the soul Ba, bending over a mummy before flying to another world (Egypt)

The Ba bird is an Egyptian symbol of the human soul, which flies off to another world after his death. This bird has the body of a falcon (according to some sources, a hawk) and the head of a man.

Basilisk (cockatrice)

Basilisk with the head of a rooster

The basilisk is one of the deadliest creatures of medieval symbolism. According to some sources, the basilisk is similar in appearance to simplicissimus, but with the head and legs of a rooster. In occult and magical symbolism, the basilisk is depicted as a crowned serpent. Since, as is commonly believed, the basilisk destroys everything it looks at with its gaze, it has been adopted as a magical symbol of wisdom, devouring a person with it symbolizes the process of initiation. It is believed that the only way to defeat a basilisk is to place a mirror in front of it.

Harpies

Harpy (XVI century)

These are half-women, half-birds (female head and chest, and vulture claws) of a disgusting appearance. Associated with sudden death, whirlpools and storms. The feminine principle in its destructive aspect.

Garuda

Garuda (coat of arms of Thailand)

Bird of Life, Heaven, Sun, victory. Sometimes identified with the Phoenix. She is also the vehicle of the god Vishnu, the creator and destroyer of everything ("the horse of Vishnu"). She emerges from the egg as an adult and nests in the Tree of Life, which fulfills all wishes. The head, chest (female), torso, legs up to the knees of the garuda are human, the beak, wings, tail, hind legs (below the knees) are eagle.

Garuda is often depicted fighting nagas (snakes), the personification of evil.

Hydra

Hydra (Greece, 16th century)

In Greek mythology, Hydra is a serpent dragon with seven heads. She symbolizes the difficulties in the fight against evil: as soon as one of her heads is cut off, a new one immediately grows. Blind, animal force of life.

Griffin

Griffin protector (XVI century)

A solar hybrid creature combining the head, wings and claws of an eagle with the body of a lion, these animals represent power over the air and earth (the king of birds and the king of beasts), therefore the griffin is a symbol of strength and vigilance. In Greece, the griffin was dedicated to Apollo, whose chariot he drove across the sky; for Athena, he personified wisdom, and for Nemesis, retribution. Legends say that griffins guarded the gold of India and the Scythians. There is also a legend that griffins living in the Far North guard the gold of Zeus, located in the country of the Hyperboreans.

The Dragon

Chinese dragon Chiao, symbol of a happy occasion

The dragon - a “winged serpent”, but only with paws like an eagle - combines snake and bird, spirit and matter. This is one of the universal and most complex symbols. The dragon can be solar and lunar, good and evil. This is the keeper of treasures and secret knowledge. Symbol of longevity. In the East, the dragon, as a rule, is the Heavenly Power that brings good, in the West it is a destructive and evil force. In Russia, the dragon is a sign of Satan, the devil. Victory over the dragon means the victory of light over darkness, over one's own nature.

Unicorn

Heraldic image of a unicorn

A unicorn is a mystical creature, an animal with the body of a horse or deer, with a long sharp horn. In general, it symbolizes the feminine, lunar principle, purity, purity, chastity. In China it represents abundance and longevity. According to legends, it can only be caught by a chaste maiden sitting alone in the forest: sensing her purity, the unicorn can come up to her, lay his head on her lap and fall asleep. Based on these legends, it became a symbol of purity, in particular female purity.

Centaur

Centaur, hunter of knowledge

According to Greek myths, a centaur is a creature with the body of a horse and the torso of a man. This is a symbol of man’s lower nature (lust, violence, drunkenness), his bestial nature, connected to a higher nature by human virtues and the ability to judge. It is a symbol of the conflict between the fierce and good aspects of human nature.

There is also a version about morally impeccable centaurs (among them Chiron), descended from Kronos. They symbolize the superiority of reason over instinct.

Makara

Makara

In the Western tradition, makara is a fantastic sea monster of enormous size (a fish with the head of a crocodile). A symbol of the power of the seas and oceans, rivers and lakes. In Hinduism, makara has the appearance of a fish with the head and front legs of an antelope. This is one of the creatures on which Vishnu travels. This is a positive symbol associated with the rainbow and rain, with the lotus growing from water, the return of the Sun after the winter solstice. Makara in a number of legends is associated with deities who act as guardians of the world - lokapala (Varuna, Soma, Indra, Kubera...).

Medusa Gorgon

Medusa Gorgon (Greece) – horror

Medusa Gorgon is a female monster with snakes instead of hair, boar teeth, golden wings and bronze legs. This is the most blatant personification of hostile evil, the Great Mother in her terrible destroyer aspect, the embodiment of horror. One look at her turned people to stone, so her image later became a protective amulet. After Perseus cut off the head of the Gorgon Medusa, the giant Chrysaor and the winged horse Pegasus were born from her blood.

Naga

Buddha sitting on a coiled naga, symbolizing the knowledge hidden in instinct (statue from the temple of Angkor)

In Hinduism, these are demigods depicted with a snake body and one or more human heads (sometimes they are simply multi-headed snakes). According to legends, they belong to the underworld - patala, where they guard the countless treasures of the earth. According to legend, nagas washed Gautama Buddha at his birth and also protected his remains after death. Nagas are guardians of treasures and esoteric knowledge, serpentine kings and queens, vital forces of water, passionate nature. These are guardians of natural forces that can be controlled.

Pegasus

Pegasus (XVI century)

This is the winged horse of the Muses, which emerged from the neck of Medusa when Perseus cut off her head. Pegasus, on which Bellerophon defeated the Chimera, personifies the combination of lower and higher nature, striving for the highest, and symbolizes the superiority of the spiritual over the material. It is also a symbol of eloquence, poetic inspiration and contemplation. In European heraldry, Pegasus is depicted on the coats of arms of thinkers. Nowadays it is often used as an emblem of air transport.

Mermaid

Mermaid (XV century)

A Pisces woman capable of living in the human world and the supernatural world. Magical symbol of initiation. The mermaid is the sea version of the Centaur. However, it also has more positive symbolism, according to the stories of sailors. In Slavic mythology, mermaids (bathes, waterworts, rags, pitchforks, undines) are harmful creatures, especially dangerous in mermaid week (following Trinity). Mermaids are often confused with such creatures of ancient Greek mythology as Nereids, Naiads, and water nymphs. But these eternally young maidens do not, unlike mermaids, have a fish tail.

Salamander

Salamander on fire

A salamander is a mythical creature in the form of an ordinary animal, but with supernatural powers. The salamander is usually depicted as a small lizard or wingless dragon, sometimes with a human- or canine-like figure among flames. These creatures are considered the most poisonous of creatures, their bite is fatal. The salamander is a fire element and is able to live in fire because it has a very cold body. This is a symbol of the fight against sensual temptations. Since the salamander is considered a sexless creature, it also symbolizes chastity.

Simplicissimus

Harold's emblem

Simplicissimus is a fictional beast similar to a dragon, but with two eagle legs and a pike-shaped tail twisted in a loop. Symbolizes war, envy, stench, disaster, Satan, but also vigilance.

The simplicissimus was the personal emblem of King Harold (on the French carpets from Bayeux, which tell the story of the Battle of Hastings and Harold's death in 1066, the simplicissimus is depicted twice).

Dog Pho

Dog Fo (China)

Translated from Chinese, “Fo” means “great luck.” It is a symbol of valor and energy, a talisman for the home. Pho dogs should be purchased in pairs and placed side by side. If you place them (or hang their images) in front of the front door, they greet everyone who enters and protect each family member from troubles and failures. Placed in the wealth zone (southeast part), Pho dogs contribute to the well-being and prosperity of the home. Located in the central sector, they will quickly bring wealth to the house.

Sphinx

Egyptian coin with the image of the Sphinx

The Sphinx is a creature with the body of a lion and a human head (male or female) or the head of a ram. The oldest and largest is the Great Sphinx of Giza (Egypt). This is an ancient image that personifies mysterious, solar power, a symbol of dignity, royalty, wisdom, power, a symbol of the union of physical power with the highest intellect.

The Egyptian Sphinx has nothing in common with the later Greek legend of the "riddle of the Sphinx", which made it a symbol of mystery, the keeper of ancient wisdom, but Jung considered the sphinx a symbol of female greed, as well as the "Terrible Mother".

Scylla and Charybdis

Scylla (Greece) – danger

In Greek mythology, these are two monsters of the Sicilian Sea, who lived on both sides of a narrow strait and killed sailors passing between them. Ruthless embodiments of the forces of the sea. Once beautiful nymphs, they were turned into monsters with six heads, three rows of teeth in each head, and ugly long necks. These roaring, rumbling monsters swallowed the sea and spat it back (an image of the gaping depths of the sea). To be between Scylla and Charybdis means to be exposed to danger from different sides at the same time.

Triton

Triton (Greece) – wave calmer

Depicted as an old man or a young man with a fish tail instead of legs. In Greek mythology, she is considered a sea deity - the son of Poseidon and the mistress of the seas, Amphitride. Triton blows a horn from a shell and rules the forces of the waters. A marine version of a mermaid, but male.

Phoenix

Phoenix (XVI century)

The Phoenix is ​​the most famous of all symbols of resurrection, the ancient symbol of immortality, the Sun. An animal that has an ordinary appearance, but with supernatural powers. This legendary bird is reborn from the ashes in fire every 500 years. The Phoenix has become an emblem of the rebirth of the human spirit in the eternal struggle with the difficulties of the material world. From Ancient Egypt, this symbol passed completely intact into Slavic mythology (Firebird, Finist-Clear Falcon).

Chimera

Chimera (Vatican)

According to Homer's description, this is a monster with the head of a lion, the body of a goat and the tail of a snake. She feeds on fire and was killed by Bellerophon, who ruled the winged pegasus.

In heraldry, the chimera is sometimes depicted with the head and chest of a woman and the tail of a dragon.

The chimera causes winds and storms on land and sea. Symbolizes danger, as well as delusion (can create illusions). It is also a symbol of non-existence.

Original taken from tipaeto in Symbols and signs.

A symbol of peace

Most of us strongly associate this symbol with the counterculture and hippie movement of the 1960s. Unlike the other symbols on this list, the peace symbol does not have ancient origins. Gerald Holtom created it for a single purpose, now forgotten. He wanted to convey the message of British nuclear disarmament to the world. According to Haltom himself, the drawing represents the man himself in despair, frightened by the nuclear race and the threat of the collapse of the world. Later, he stylized the symbol using several lines and drew a circle around it.

In the world of symbols

“The cross is the guardian of the entire universe,” says St. Church The eternal and only meaning of this Christian symbol does not need explanation for the believer, except perhaps for the particular question about the reason for the design of the lower crossbar in the eight-pointed cross, as if skewed
There is an indirect explanation of this in the service of the 9th hour, in the words: “...In the midst of two thiefs, Thy cross was found as a measure of righteousness; one is relegated to hell by the burden of blasphemy, while another is relieved from sins to learn theology.”... In other words, on Calvary for two thieves, and in life for each person the cross serves as a measure, like a scale, of his inner state.

No less ancient, undoubtedly a Christian symbol, we can consider the symbol of St. Trinity, i.e. an equilateral triangle with its apex pointing upward. An open eye in a triangle (Fig. 2) is the most ancient symbol of the God of the Jews. Let us also note the symbols of man, lion, calf and eagle, usually depicted sequentially on icons of St. the apostles and evangelists Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, corresponding to those characteristic features in the earthly life of the Savior, which every evangelist primarily speaks about, i.e. His human nature.

The only star allowed into Christian symbolism is the eight-pointed one (Fig. 3). The number eight itself in our Church has the meaning of the future century, because after the six-day creation of the world by God and until the Last Judgment, the Seventh Day of the Lord lasts. After the Last Judgment there will be an eighth day - Eternal Life.

A circle is a closed line: a symbol of eternity (Fig. 4), which does not actually have Christian origin, but is recognized by Christianity. So, in the sacrament of marriage - wedding - wedding rings are worn as a sign of the eternal meaning of the sacrament.

Labarum (Fig. 5) is a symbol that came from Byzantium (ancient Greece) and owes its origin to Emperor Constantine
The letters P-X in a circle symbolize the Nativity of Christ, the Greek letters alpha and omega are translated as the beginning and the end. “I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, says the Lord, who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty” (Rev. John ch. 1, p. 8).

We should consider the six-pointed star to be the first and main non-Christian symbol. As Nilus noted in his book “The Great in (omission in the book) ... intersecting triangles (Fig. 6) or only intersecting triangles, without a circle (Fig. 7).
Nilus writes; “...According to Revelation, the devil imagined that he was like the Most High (Isa. 14:14). The Kabbalistic tetragram (hexagram) or the Masonic “Solomon’s Seal” therefore depicts the devil as an equilateral triangle, equal to the first, but only with its apex facing downwards and not upwards, thereby denoting the complete opposite of Satan - God, not without evidence that God’s opponent cast down from heaven. Having begun, according to Scripture, at a certain moment (according to Holy Scripture - during the council of God on the creation of man with his great destiny), the devil’s fight against God rushed into eternity. The Masonic seal and the hexagram of Kabbalah graphically depict this fight against God by the mutual intersection of equal triangles, and its eternity is depicted in a circle.

The symbol below (Fig. 8) is a type of hexagram and is designated as the great state seal of world Freemasonry. This seal reveals the number 666. The century about which St. Scripture and Tradition testify that the century preceding the century of Lucifer's apostasy from God should logically have the number 6 in its digital inscription. There are three angles in a triangle. Three corners - three sixes. 666 - the number of the beast? But it is also a human number (Rev. 13:18), firstly, because the angle of an equilateral triangle is 60°, and secondly, because it will be in the name of the Antichrist.

In the center there is an inscription - God. The inscription is enclosed in a triangle (which, according to Kabbalah, means the subordination of the symbol to the symbol that encloses it). The Latin inscription: was not, is not and will not be - refers to the word God.

The Masons and their branches of all kinds: theosophists, spiritualists, occultists and many others. etc., this symbol is most often called the seal of Solomon.
This star (Fig. 12.) “...as we see, is two mutually intersecting equilateral triangles, one of which (dark) faces up, and the other (light) faces down. The first bears the letter alpha at its top, the second - omega. An equilateral triangle, as is known, depicts the Trinitarian God..... His triangle is depicted as dark with the apex facing up, ... whose triangle is light and with the apex facing down. The first is Alpha, i.e. The One who came first is the second - Omega, i.e. the one after. This is the solution to the mystery of the “four things” of the Talmud: What is below and what is above, What is before and what is after.

An inverted card symbolizes weakness, compliance, self-doubt, poor health, fear, and unnecessary interference of others in our lives. In some cases, it means that intentions are doomed to failure or abandonment due to fear of difficulties.

In modern literature of occultists and theosophists there is another image of the hexagram, where the triangles have the opposite arrangement, i.e. white triangle on top.
.. because it is explained as if by the triumph of light over darkness. However, it can also mean hesitation and, in connection with this, delay in resolving one’s affairs. It can mean balance, prudence, delving into one’s problems.
As can be clearly seen (Fig. 13), this is still the same star and circle, here replaced by the Gnostic serpent - Ouroboros. The entire symbolic drawing shows the struggle of two elders. One old man, whose bright face is crowned with a cross, has dark hands. The hands of another old man (Satan) fight off the hands of the bright old man. The figures of the fighters are separated by a Maltese cross. There is a Latin inscription around: what is higher is lower. Macroprosophus and microprosophus - God and His adversary.

The Maltese Cross (Fig. 14) is the once powerful knightly order of the Hospitallers (Johnnites - members of the Catholic spiritual
The name "Hospitalers of St. John" the knights kept, as well as a red robe with an eight-pointed cross embroidered in white silk - a symbol of chastity and eight knightly virtues. The order's seal depicted a patient on a bed with a cross at his head and a lamp at his feet. Symbolism in Fig. 15 and 16 we borrowed from theosophical publications

Here we see the same seal of Solomon and the symbolic serpent. The only difference between them is the sign placed in the center of the star, and a new symbol included in the drawing - a swastika or suuastica (Fig. 15).
The sign in the center of the star is called by Kabbalists the key of Solomon, which reveals the secrets of Kabbalah. It is also the ancient pagan sign of the god Ptah (Egypt), a symbol of the creating and producing fire - nature.

Our attention is drawn to a peculiar difference in these two symbols. The fact is that the theosophical sign initially looked only like in Fig. 16 - contained a black cross in the center.

The swastika sign itself (Fig. 17) dates back to ancient times, when this sign was a symbol of the god of fire - Agni. Its priests worshiped the sun at sunrise, greeting it with the raising of their right hands. The swastika was known long before the birth of Christ. In the Tripoli era, both the Trojans and the Jews knew it. This sign is undoubtedly ancient. Both in ancient times and in the modern sense in the East, it corresponds to the concept and meaning of happiness, and since happiness is a relative concept, it means health, wealth, childbearing, longevity. From Ireland to Japan, from Lapland to Tibet, we see one image or another of the swastika. Whether its origin in such different parts of the globe was spontaneous, we (and no one) can say.
Previous researchers of this issue only claim that the swastika is a sign of the peoples of the Indo-European branch and is almost absent among the Semites. Among Buddhists, the swastika (see Fig. 17) is interpreted as a sign of the walking sun, a symbol of eternal movement and life affirmation. In China it is known as "Wangzi" - the mystical sign of "Buddha's Heart", "Virtue" or "Ten Thousand". In the mystical understanding, the swastika has two meanings: the solar swastika (Fig. 17) and the lunar swastika (Fig. 18), the true color of the solar swastika is orange, and the lunar swastika is white.

During the excavations of Troy, Western archaeologists repeatedly came across images of this sign (Fig. 17) on household items, clay jugs for storing water and wine, as well as in many Hellenic burials.
A. Besant says: “The swastika symbolizes the vortex energy that created the universe,” “digging holes in space,” or, to put it less poetically and more correctly, “forming the vortices which are the atoms of the construction of the world” (“Theosophy and the Mission of the Theosophical Society,” - Vladivostok, 1921).

The five-pointed star or pentagram (Fig. 19) was a symbol of mystery and perfection among the ancients, and among Kabbalists it was called the “star of magicians, the holy magical pentagram.” For Kabbalists, it becomes a symbol of the power, omnipotence and autocracy of Reason.
this magical absolute in Kabbalah meant good and evil. According to Kabbalah, the pentagram, with two rays facing upward, means Satan (the head of a goat, a favorite sign of Satanists and demon worshipers, fits in comfortably), with one ray upward - the symbol of the Savior (Fig. 19).

The invariable affiliation of each Masonic lodge is the letter G, inscribed on the wall or in the center of the flaming star (Fig. 21). About the flaming star, Papus says: “The brothers learned about the existence of an invisible light, which is a source of unknown forces and energies - this secret light is depicted in the form of a pentagonal star. She was the symbol of a person emitting a mysterious light from himself, and thus established this wonderful emblem.” (“Genesis and development of Masonic symbols”, p. 67).

the scout sign is a lily (Fig. 22), decorated with two pentagrams; scouting arose on the initiative of Baden-Powell, a member of the Scottish ritual lodge. In addition, the so-called full scout badge contains the Masonic motto “Be Prepared,” and the ribbon on which these sacramental words are depicted is decorated with a Masonic knot.

Three stars should not be considered a type of triangle. The symbol we have at our disposal (Fig. 23), taken from Melgunov’s book, represents the three principles of nature. It is composed of three pentagrams, with the symbolic signs of the Neoplatonists included in them: mercury, sulfur and salt. These substances, in the language of the Kabbalah adherents, were the primary elements from which the universe arose. Three stars indicate that the one to whose name they are attached is a perfect microcosm, which, according to the teachings of Masonic mystics, lies in a perfect man.

Baphomet (Fig. 24). The interpretation of the word Baphomet will be the notaricon of the following formula: TEMPLI-OMNIUM-HOMINUM-RACIS-ABBAS”, which translated from Latin means: “Rector of the temple of peace of all people.” With this term, the Templars called an individualized astral TOURBILLON, which, if skillfully managed, can lead people along the path of pacification, etc. ... the Order of the Templars dreamed of establishing on earth the Kingdom of Peace and the Unity of all peoples and directed all its resources towards this.
The famous Freemason Albert Pike calls Baphomet the primary matter of the Great Creation, gnostically interpreted as the “fiery body of St. spirit,” symbolized by the hermaphrodite Mende goat.

In the description of the lodge where initiations into the 30th degree (kadosh) were made, the eagle (Fig. 26) says this: “...Neither the sacred triangle sparkling with gold and azure, nor the flaming pentagram with the polyphonic letter G crowned the canopy above the chair The Great Commander, the thrice mighty Ruler. A formidable eagle of inexorable struggle reigned above him; in his clenched paws was a sword. And on the eagle’s chest in a triangle was inscribed the sacred name “Adonai.” In the symbols of St. Andrew's Freemasonry, the eagle means the fearlessness of free masons and the royalty of their art, and the sword means war.

The compass and square (Fig. 27) is one of the most common Masonic symbols. The compass is a symbol of the universality of the Masonic society. The square is a symbol of law and conscience. This is the interpretation of the symbols in Johannine Freemasonry, but already in St. Andrew's - the compass symbolizes eternity, and the whole sign - the hexagram.
A trowel (shovel) is either a tool for cleansing a person from vice, or forbearance, or a weapon in the fight against arrogance and anger.
Thus, an unhewn stone (among the Masons) symbolizes a layman, i.e. a person who has not undergone Masonic training, or who is not a Mason at all.
A correct, hewn stone - a cube - is the same person after Masonic processing.
The hammer lying near the stone is one of the signs of the dignity of the Master of the Lodge and at the same time his symbol. The sound of the hammer fills the Masons with reverence and respect. The hammer blows open and close the lodge meeting. The hammer is a symbol of the power of the master, a symbol of the power of Freemasonry, turning a layman into a perfect man, and, finally, a symbol of the hammer given to Adoniram by Tubalcain (Masonic legend). The indispensable utensils in the lodge premises are considered to be two pillars of light and darkness, on which the initials of the student and the master are written, i.e. Joachim and Boaz (translated from Hebrew - “established by God” and “established by power”). The first interpretation is given in the lower Masonic degrees, but in the higher ones: “... To his amazement he (the newly initiated) learned that all the rites that preceded him, the degrees of initiation he passed in their symbols and rituals hid the history of the medieval Templars. The letters I, B and M, which he had seen many times, in addition to the meaning previously revealed to him, signified the burned Grand Master of the Templars, Jacob B. Mole, and the three rebellious masons who killed Adoniram turned out to be nothing more than envy, selfishness and malice, which were the cause of the death of the Order of the Templars.” (T. Sokolovskaya “Chapter of the Phoenix”, pp. 24-33). Phoenix is ​​a symbol of the indestructibility of Freemasonry (the Order of Freemasons). Like the Phoenix, the order dies only to be reborn under a new guise.

The next symbol (Fig. 28) represents the sign of medieval Masonic lodges, the number 4 is the symbol of the lodge. On the sides of the sign are the letters I and B, i.e. Joachim and Boaz. According to Jung, the number 4 is an archeotype of great importance in the development of the human mind, because 4 - archetype of integrity, totality. 4 contains: 1 - God, 2 - opposition to the Universe, 3 - a universal symbol of spirit and as 4 is a symbol of matter and time-space: four seasons, four cardinal directions, dimensions, etc.

Rice. 29 - graphic representation of the word “box”. “The lodge is a symbol of the universe and at the same time of perfect human life. By entering into it, the layman must die to the world and rise again in Freemasonry.”
In Lenoir's interpretation of the legend of Hiram, "... the lodge is a symbol of the earth, and its member is the son of Osiris and Isis."

In Fig. 30 is a symbol of the modern Templars and the new sect of scientists that appeared in America at the end of the last century. Crown - a symbol of highest enlightenment and wisdom

Its founder, Mary Becker Eddy, who received among her followers the name of the Mother of Scientific Christianity, says: “Christ is a certain world mind, the highest bodily concept of the divine idea, rejecting and destroying error and bringing the light of immortality to man.”

The Young Men's Christian Union badge... they have an answer: “...The triangle symbolizes the work of the Union, i.e. comprehensive and uniform development of the physical, intellectual and spiritual person” (J. Hecker “Christian Union of Mol. People”, p. 216).

Oriflamme (Fig. 34) - we see the mentioned symbol in the creativity and works of Academician. N.K. Roerich. This is a symbol of the banner of peace, according to Roerich himself - three dots are a symbol of St. Trinity (Zarya newspaper, 1934, N 240, pp. 5-9). ....a purely Buddhist sign (the circle of existence with endless reincarnations - this is indicated by three circles in the center of the general circle., i.e. was, is and will be) ....

We see the same sign in Papus’s book “Genesis and Development of Masonic Symbols” (see Fig. 35).

In spirit with the symbolism of N.K. Rerik is closely associated with the symbol of the organization H.S.M.L. - "Bonfire Brothers." Campfire Brothers are scouts who work only under the flag of H.S.M.L. Their initial (see above) sign was a reverse triangle, but when the protest of the emigrant masses began to threaten the destruction of the entire H.S.M.L. cause,

The Roerich cross in the center of our attention is a sign of the approaching, according to the teachings of theosophists, the era or era of Agni, the era of cosmic fire. No wonder Vel. East France already has a lodge “Agni”, founded on May 14, 1920 in Paris (“Mysteries of Freemasonry”, p. 53), the symbol of which is the swastika, and the ends of the Roerich cross are reminiscent of flames. In the center of the cross are the letters K.B. - Bonfire Brothers

The mystical “Tau” (Fig. 37) - one of the letters of the Greek alphabet - is considered by some researchers as the forerunner of the Christian Cross. It is sometimes called the Egyptian cross, allegedly this is the shape of Moses’ staff in the Sinai desert, on which he hung a copper serpent.

The triple “Tau” (Fig. 38), inscribed in a circle, according to Jung, is the most important symbol representing the collective unconscious line, beyond which holiness ends and within which there is a universal spiritual center (originally it was the letter T superimposed on H from “ TEMPLUM HIEROSOLYMAE "- Temple of Jerusalem. Further Jung writes: "... In ancient Greece, the letter "Tau" (T) was a symbol of life, opposing the letter "theta" (O), the initial and symbol of Thanatos - death. In the Bible "Tau" is a symbol of the salvation of the righteous. Thus, in the book of the prophet Jehekiel, which speaks of the divine punishment of Jerusalem, it is said: “And the glory of the God of Israel descended from the cherubim on which it was, to the threshold of the house, that is, the temple. And He called a man dressed in linen clothing, who has a scribe's instrument at his belt. And the Lord said to him: go through the middle of the city, in the middle of Jerusalem, and make a sign on the members of the mourning people, sighing over all the abominations that are being committed in its midst" (9.3-4).

Caodaists believe that the diversity of beliefs interferes with their harmony and proclaim their goal to be the synthesis of all religions of the world (like theosophists). The flag of Caodaists - yellow-blue-red - symbolizes the desire for such a synthesis, because: yellow is the color of Buddhism and Hinduism, blue - Taoism , and it is customary to associate Islam with red (although the color of Islam is green), Confucianism and Christianity. The symbol of Caodaism is enclosed in the river. 38 triangle of eyes (Fig. 39) in a halo of sunlight.

Rotary, or the Wheel of Happiness (Fig. 40) is a symbol of a new international society founded in America by lawyer Paul Harris. This symbol is based on a gear wheel with six spokes, very similar to a six-pointed star. The main task of this society is to unite representatives of all nations for closer business cooperation and general business mutual assistance. Symbolism in Fig. 41 is found quite often, in particular, in the publications of the Esperantist Society, the creators of an artificial world language,

Tetragram (Fig. 42) is a Kabbalistic cross. The inscription of this symbol was applied in Masonic lodges to the forehead of an initiated student by the Master of this lodge, who initiated the neophyte into the next step of the Masonic pyramid. This is a symbolic blessing on the thorny path of a newly initiated Mason into a new secret. The Arcana of Initiation adds up to the Kabbalistic element of the tetragram (four letters). Along the edges of the branches of the cross are Hebrew letters, which together give the name of Jehovah in Hebrew writing. In the center of the Kabbalistic cross is the Hebrew letter “shin”, which in Kabbalah corresponds to the number 300 and is translated as the Spirit of the Lord.

Representatives of Rosicrucianism say: “...Listen, my brother, to our explanation of the symbolism of this degree of R.C. (Rosicrucians), and then you can interpret it and supplement it as you wish... The cross has been considered a sacred symbol since ancient times. It can be found on the most ancient monuments of all countries: in Egypt, in Assyria, in India, in Ireland... At its four ends, directed towards the four cardinal directions, the cross was a symbol of nature" (A. Pike, "Morals and Dogma",

Pjankovic says: “The entire cross, consisting of four elements or elements (that is, on each individual branch of the cross there is a certain chemical element), is a symbol of perfect nature.” (Fig. 44). The authoritative Masonic writer Ragon speaks about the same symbol in general: “The rose is the emblem of the feminine principle, and the cross of the masculine principle. Their union is a symbol of eternal universal reproduction.” The symbol itself (Fig. 43) represents a Rosicrucian apron or cufflink. White apron with red border, rose and orange cross

Symbol of the Martinist Order

Symbol of the Martinist Order. The components are the Seal of Solomon, representing the Old Testament, a cross, representing the New Testament, and a circle, which symbolizes the Gnostic serpent Ouroboros. The order was founded by the mystic Gerard Encausse (Papus) and is based on the teachings of the eighteenth century philosopher Louis Claude de Saint-Martin.

Rosicrucian symbol

Rosicrucian symbol, as a symbol of the blood of Christ. Rosicrucians (German: Rosenkreuzer), members of secret (mainly religious-mystical) societies in the 17th and 18th centuries in European countries (primarily in Germany, the Netherlands, Russia). The name comes from the name of the legendary founder of the society, Christian Rosenkreutz, who allegedly lived in the 14th-15th centuries, or from the emblem of the Rosicrucians - a rose and a cross. In the teachings and activities of the Rosicrucians, ideas of moral self-improvement and occult sciences - black magic, cabalism, alchemy - occupied a large place. The most famous were the Berlin Rosicrucians, grouped around the heir to the Prussian throne, and then King Frederick William II of Hohenzollern.
The Rosicrucian emblem has several variations and symbolizes the redemptive power of the blood of Christ; the symbol as a whole represented an illustration of the triumph of the spirit, the cycle of death and rebirth. The deeper, hidden meaning of the symbol is the union of the divine principles - feminine and masculine (Mary and Christ).

Skull and Bones is a secret society. The human skull and the crossed bones underneath/ Is both a symbol of death and fearlessness in the face of it. Skull and crossbones symbolism was used by ancient priests and priestesses around the world, from the Mayans in Central America to the Etruscans in Europe. On some icons, the crucifix is ​​depicted with a skull and crossbones at the base and serves as a reminder of death on the cross.

Satanic greeting. Hand with curled fingers in the shape of a goat's horns: The greeting sign among Satanists is known as the "Satanic salute." Young people thus raise their hands during rock concerts. Forms the head of a goat, a common symbol of Satanism. It is on the back of The Satanic Bible.

There is information that this gesture is not only used by Satanists, this gesture is also in the Orthodox faith, is found in the east (in Buddhism), and is also a gesture against the evil eye (in the same way you can put the evil eye on someone).

Vesica Piscis, yoni, mandorla The shape Vesica Piscis (Latin for “fish bladder” or “fish eggs”) occurs when two circles intersect. Vesica piscis is an ancient synonym for yoni, jagat yoni, or vulva. Denotes female creative power, the spirit of the Great Mother, who gave life to the world and the gods. The yoni sign was intended to convey the shape of the female external genitalia, which the ancients clearly defined as the source of female sexual power. In ancient Indian texts, the paradise island of Jambu had a “yoni-like form.” On it grew a sacred, life-giving tree with roses and apples and there was a “diamond seat” (vajrasana), which clearly represented the cosmic clitoris, the center of the creative spirit of the Goddess. In the Jewish tradition, the overt symbolism of the yoni was replaced by the mandorla - “almond (Italian).” The mandorla is sometimes piously interpreted as a gateway or entrance to heaven. And it is always depicted vertically (traditions are traditions, even if the original meaning is forgotten). There are many explanations for the mandorla in later Christian tradition. The union of opposites, the dualistic unity of Heaven and Earth, life and death, the symbol of eternal sacrifice, the cloud of ascension, the halo-light emanating from the deity are some of the meanings. There is an image of a mandorla composed of seven doves and meaning the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit. If we continue the two halves of the arc, we get the famous Christian symbol of fish. In Christianity, fish means baptism, immortality, resurrection (the sign of Jonah). Three images of the yoni form a triquetra or triquetra (interestingly, depending on whether the ancient feminine or Christian male trinity is symbolized by the sign, the gender of the name also changes): The triquetra symbol is often depicted with a circle. Possible values ​​- Life. The three wombs that give rise to life on earth, in the seas and in the air, respectively, are connected around the Earth into an inextricable unity. . After the Celts converted to Christianity, the triquetra became the Christian symbol of the Trinity. Cross formed by triquetras (Carolingian Cross).

Ready-made homework assignments with answers for the second part of the workbook on the subject The world around us, 3rd grade.

The authors of the notebook are Pleshakov, Novitskaya. Perspective program. The workbook will be useful to every third grade student studying according to Pleshakov and Novitskaya, because in the workbook there are not only tasks on knowledge and logic, but often you just need to find this or that information, answers to tasks in the literature or on the Internet, and you will easily find We have all this on the 7guru website.

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Answers to assignments The world around us, grade 3, part 2

To view the answers to the assignments, click on the page numbers.

Home is like a world

Page 3-5. Home - a corner of the Fatherland

1. Remember what meaning of the word “peace” you already know. Write it down.

The world is our Universe, the globe.

Using the textbook text on p. 4-7 complete the sentences:

Another meaning of the word “peace” is a society of people who live in the same village, village.

Common affairs for the benefit of all were done at a worldly gathering, at the world (general meeting of heads of families).

Common holidays were celebrated by the whole world under the sound of bells.

Another meaning of the word “peace” is harmony, order, harmony, agreement.

To live in peace - to live in peace!

Using the language of patterns, the ancient house told about how the world works.

Every house is like a universe.

Every house is a corner of the father's land, a corner of the Fatherland.

2. Come up with signs for each meaning of the word "world". Draw these signs in the appropriate frames.

Earth. People at the holiday. Flowers, river, forest, birds.

3. Look at the pictures. Come up with and write down captions for them. Using the textbook text on p. 6-7 compose an oral story based on the illustrations.

1 drawing - Meeting. 2 - friendly work.

People in one village gathered for a meeting to decide what to do with an old bridge that was about to collapse. Walking on it is already dangerous. The whole village needs the bridge, so they decided to fix it as a whole. The men, some of them stronger and younger, gathered and got to work. Some remove the bark from the logs, some saw them, and some put the logs into the bridge. Together the work gets done!

Photos for inserting task 4 (photo story):

Page 6-7. Your home - your own space

1. Cut out photos from the application. Glue them into frames according to the signatures. For hints, use the textbook text on p. 8-10.

The answer is in the picture.

2. Photo for pasting:

Page 8-9. It is a great honor to sit in the red corner

1. Using the textbook text on pp. 12-13, complete the sentences:

The center of common life in the old days was the temple.

The central beam of an ancient house is a matitsa.

The stove in the old house was called mother.

The front corner of the house was called red (beautiful).

3. Write down what you would like to take into your home from the design of an ancient house.

I would like to have a real Russian stove in my house, and there would be shutters on the windows.

Page 10-13. Let's visit

1. Write down what greetings a guest is greeted with according to the customs of the peoples of your region.

“Bread and salt”, “The rich you are, the happier you are.” They receive you kindly: they take you by both hands and lead you to the red corner.

2. Write down how the guest is seen off according to the customs of the peoples of your region.

An equestrian guest is escorted to the horse, and a pedestrian guest is escorted to the gate.

4. Paste photographs or make a drawing of the internal structure of the traditional dwelling of the peoples of your region.

5. Project "Young local historian". Compare the most important features of the ancient traditional dwellings of different peoples. Fill out table No. 1 using the textbook text.

Table No. 1.

Explore the most important features of the traditional home of one of the peoples of your region (optional). Write the results in table No. 2. Compare the results of both tables. Identify common and different features.

Table No. 2. Traditional dwelling of one of the peoples of your region (Ukrainian mud hut)

Conclusion: The dwellings of different nations have both common and different features. There is always a sacred place in every home; the house is usually divided into male and female parts. The threshold of a house is always a special place in the home of all peoples; many beliefs and customs are associated with it.

Page 14-15. Was born - became related to people

1. Write down what kinship names you currently have in your current family. Use the names of degrees of kinship in the languages ​​of the peoples of your region.

I am a son (daughter) to my parents. I am also a brother (sister) to my brothers and sisters. For my grandparents, I am a grandson (granddaughter). And for my aunt and uncle, I am a nephew (niece). For the children of my aunt and uncle, I am a cousin (sister).

2. Write down what names by property you will have when you get married in the future. For this purpose, use the names of the degrees of properties in the languages ​​of the peoples of your region.

When I get married, I will become a husband (wife). For my wife's parents, I will be a son-in-law, and she will become a daughter-in-law (or daughter-in-law) for my parents. My wife's parents will be called my father-in-law and mother-in-law. And my parents will be father-in-law and mother-in-law for my wife.

Page 16-17. Family tree

Compilation example:

Page 18-19. Husband and wife are one soul

1. Place next to an image of the wedding costume of the peoples of your region (optional) or draw it.

2. Find and count how many words with the root -lad-, -lazh- are in the text of the textbook on pages 32-33. Write these words down. Find synonyms for these words in Russian and the languages ​​of the peoples of your region.

Answer: okay (peacefully, in agreement), harmonious (harmonious), adjusted (attached), lad (harmony, peace), good life (successful, successful).

3. Write down what character qualities, according to the peoples of your region, will help the newlyweds preserve their union forever, as they wished when they attached their lock to the bridge.

Character qualities of a spouse: head of the house, hard-working, God-fearing, caring, loving, forgiving, faithful, good father.

Character qualities of a wife: obedient to her husband, faithful, thrifty, handywoman, God-fearing, kind, modest, loving wife and mother, wise, patient.

Page 20-21. The sanctity of fatherhood and motherhood

1. Using the text on p. 37 of the textbook, complete your thoughts on the holiness of fatherhood and motherhood:

Honor your father and your mother, so that your days on earth may be long.

He who honors his parents never perishes.

If you honor your father and mother, you will be happy forever.

Everything has its price - father and mother are priceless!

You can buy everything, but you can’t buy your father and mother!

3. Select and write down proverbs from the peoples of your region about the importance of children’s respectful attitude towards their parents.

Without a father, you are half an orphan, and without a mother, you are an entire orphan.
Children are not judges of parents.
If you don't respect your parents, then no one will respect you.
Whoever doesn’t listen to his mother will get into trouble.
Whoever honors his parents will be honored by his children.

Page 22-23. Good children are the crown of home

1. Using the text on pages 40-41 of the textbook, write down what girls and boys learned in the old days in preparation for adult life.

Girls learned to do housework (cleaning, cooking), as well as handicrafts: spinning, embroidering.

The boys learned to work with tools, helped keep household utensils and horse harnesses in order, and practiced pottery. And most importantly, what they learned was to plow, sow, and mow.

2. ...Write down what you are learning in preparation for adult life.

I am learning to do housework, studying mathematics, Russian language and other sciences at school.

Photo for pasting

3. My name is a guiding star.

My name is Max. Translated from Latin it means “greatest”. I will try to live up to the meaning of my name and achieve great success in life.

4. Write about a person who has the same name as you and could become a role model for you. If possible, select and attach a photo.

Maxim Potashev is an expert at the “What? Where? When?”, holder of the title Master of the Game.

Page 24-25. Children's games - health school

1. Find a fun game for the little ones in the oral literature of the peoples of your region. Write it down.

A rooster walked over hummocks, over hummocks, along narrow paths, into a hole!

Magpie white-sided
Where were you? - Far!
I lit the stove,
I cooked porridge,
She fed the children.
I gave it to this one, (bend the little finger)
I gave it to this one, (bend the ring finger)
Gave this one, (bend the middle finger)
I gave it to this one. (bend the index finger)
But she didn’t give it to this one! (touch the thumb)
You didn't carry water
I didn’t chop wood
I didn’t cook porridge -
There will be no porridge for you!

2. Come up with a tongue twister.

Misha washed the window with soap, Mila washed the floor with soap.

Andrey was cutting celery.

Varya’s bucket was taken away from her at the market.

3. Guess educational riddles. Write down the answers.

1. What is in the middle of the Earth? (letter "m")

3. Can a rooster call itself a bird? (no, he can’t, he can’t speak)

4. Three cats are sitting. For every cat there are two cats. How many cats are there in total? (three, they are sitting in a circle).

5. Under what tree does the hare sit during the rain? (under wet)

4. Exchange notebooks with your desk neighbor. Come up with and write down educational riddles for any school subject of your choice (mathematics, reading, Russian language, music, fine arts).

Small house, no roof or windows in it (square)

What root does not grow in the ground? (root in word)

This salt cannot be eaten, but it can be sung (note "salt")

This lady is not easy: where there is snow, she will leave a mark (brush)

5. Together with a loved one, write the answer to the riddle: “What is most precious to us?”

Family, relatives and friends.

6. Remember a sports type game with your elders. Write down its rules, draw a diagram

Game "Push over the line"

Two parallel lines are drawn at a distance of 1 m. The players of the two teams stand on the line with their backs to each other. At the signal, they come closer, and each player, resting his shoulders and back on the opponent, tries to push him beyond the border line. The team that pushes out the most players wins.

Page 26-29. The structure of the human body

1. Which row lists only internal organs? Check the box.

Answer: put a tick in 3 row - brain, lungs, heart, stomach, intestines.

2. Write down the definitions yourself or with the help of a textbook.

An organ is a part of the body that has a certain structure and performs a certain job.

An organ system is several organs that perform a common job.

4. Using the textbook, fill out the table.

Human organ systems

5. Number the pictures on p. 28 in the following order: 1) digestive system; 2) respiratory system; 3) circulatory system; 4) nervous system. Write the names of the indicated authorities. Test yourself using the textbook.

6. In additional literature and the Internet, find interesting facts about the structure and functioning of various human organs (organ systems). write them down. Prepare a message to the class.

The shape of our ears is strange, but it is precisely this shape that helps us better perceive sounds. Through the pinna and ear canal, sound enters the middle ear. Some animals, such as the hare, can move their ears in the direction of sound, so they hear better than humans.
Inside each ear there are three loop-shaped tubes filled with fluid. When a person spins, the liquid begins to move. Special nerves pick up this and report it to the brain. When a person stops, the liquid fluctuates for some time, which is why dizziness occurs.
If you put a seashell to your ear, you can hear the sound of the surf. They say that the sea makes noise in a shell. But in fact, we do not hear the sea, but the sound of blood in our heads.
The smallest bone is located in the ear. It's called the stapes. Its length is only 2 millimeters.

Source: 7 Guru website and the book “Why and Why?” from the series "Encyclopedia for the curious."

Page 30-33. How our body works

1. Using the information from the textbook, write the numerical data in the text.

Skeleton and muscles.

In the human skeleton there are more 200 bones. The number of muscles in the human body is even greater, there are almost 650 . Used when walking 200 muscles. In order to wrinkle our brow, we need 43 muscles, and in order to smile - 17 .

2. Number the organs in the order in which food passes through them.

Esophagus - 3
Intestines - 5
Throat - 2
Stomach - 4
Oral cavity - 1

3. In what order does air pass through the respiratory organs when inhaled? Number with a red pencil. How does it move when you exhale? Number with a blue pencil.

when inhaling (in red pencil): nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, lungs.

when exhaling (in blue pencil): lungs, bronchi, trachea, nasal cavity.

4. Answer the questions yourself or with the help of a textbook.

What does blood take from the air in the pulmonary vesicles? (Oxygen)
What does blood release into the air in the pulmonary vesicles? (Carbon dioxide)
What does blood carry from the lungs to all organs of the body? (Oxygen)
What does the blood take from the organs of the body and carry to the lungs? (Carbon dioxide)

5. Using a textbook or yourself, fill in the gaps in the text.

Blood moves in our body due to work hearts. It has thick muscle walls. The heart forcefully pushes blood into blood vessels. Having flown around the entire body, the blood returns to heart. To enrich the blood with oxygen, the heart sends it to lungs, and then again makes it travel throughout the body.

6. Practical work "Measuring pulse"

The child's pulse at rest is from 70 to 120 beats per minute.
The child’s pulse after 5 squats is from 110 to 140 beats per minute.

An adult's resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 110 beats per minute.
After 5 squats - 120 - 140 beats per minute.

Page 34-37. What is hygiene

1. Consider the symbols. What rules are encrypted in them? Using these signs, tell us how to develop correct posture.

To develop correct posture, you need to sit straight at your desk and not bend over when walking. When carrying heavy objects, the load should be symmetrical (the same on both hands). It is necessary to exercise regularly. Sleep on a flat bed with an orthopedic mattress.

2. Practical work “Dental care”.

1. Look at the photographs. Mark (fill in the circle) the items needed to care for your teeth. Explain (verbally) the purpose of each item.

A toothbrush is needed to mechanically remove plaque from teeth in the morning and evening. Toothpaste helps remove plaque on teeth and cares for gums. The mouthwash freshens breath and kills germs. Dental floss removes food particles stuck between teeth.

4. Create a menu for your family.

Our menu

Prove that your menu complies with the rules of healthy eating.

This menu contains a variety of products, including cottage cheese, raw vegetables and fruits, meat, and cereals that are healthy for the body.

Page 38-39. Our senses

1. Connect the words in the left and right columns with lines.

Organ of vision - Eyes

Hearing organ - Ears

Olfactory organ - Nose

Taste organ - tongue

Organ of touch - Skin

2. Label the indicated parts of the eye and ear on your own or using a textbook drawing.

3. Formulate the rules of hygiene of the sensory organs that are “encrypted” in these drawings. Show with arrows which sense organs they belong to.

Rules for the ears: Do not listen to loud music, listen to the sounds of nature more often, do not put matches in your ear. To avoid motion sickness in transport (and the inner ear is responsible for this), do not look out the side window or close your eyes. Motion sickness occurs when the ear and eye receive different information about movement.

4. Find out more about the structure and operation of our senses. For this, use additional literature and the Internet. Write down some interesting facts.

Some interesting facts about the eyes

Why do we blink? Tears always come out of the eyes. But when a person blinks, tears are evenly distributed over the surface of the eye. It always remains moist and does not dry out.

When a person blinks, the eye closes for only one-third of a second. A person blinks several thousand times a day.

Why can't you see anything in the dark? In order to see, the eyes need light. Reflecting from surrounding objects, rays of light pass into the eye through a completely black pupil. Information perceived by the eye goes to the brain, which processes it and tells us what we see.

At the back of the eyeball is the retina. It forms an upside-down image of what we see. The brain turns it back around so we see everything correctly.

Source: book "Why and Why?" from the series "Encyclopedia for the curious."

Page 40-43. First aid school

1. Color in the columns of a mercury thermometer in the figure to show the temperature:

2. Record the readings of these thermometers.

36.8° thirty six and eight
38° thirty eight
38.6° thirty eight and six
40.5° forty and five

3. Mark (fill in the circle) which display of the electronic thermometer shows normal temperature.

My body temperature

2. Write down emergency phone numbers.

Fire department 01, 101
Police 02, 102
Ambulance 03, 103
Gas service 04, 104
Ministry of Emergency Situations 112
Unified emergency service 112, 101

3. Using the information from the textbook, fill out the table.

How to give first aid

Page 44-45. What we do for health

Prepare a photo story about what your family is doing to protect and improve the health of you and all your loved ones.

Photo for pasting:

Hardening

Page 46-47. Health has no price

1. Select and write down proverbs about the rules of a healthy lifestyle in the culture of the peoples of your region.

1. Rules for healthy sleep: Whoever gets up early, God provides.
He who wants to know a lot should not sleep long.
Sleeping a lot means not knowing anything (no good in sight).
If you get up early, you will work more.
The elephant is strong, but his sleep is stronger.
Sleep is the best medicine.

2. Rules of cleanliness: The bathhouse steams and health rules.
Disease with dirt in friendship.
I washed myself in the bathhouse and was born again.
I went to the bathhouse and rejuvenated myself.
The filthy will not stick to the pure.
He washed the sinful body - he did a great deed.
A clean person will not be burned by fire.
Cleanliness is the key to health.
Cleanliness is the best beauty.
Clean boots go faster.

3. Rules for living in harmony with nature: The earth is a plate: what you put in is what you take out.
Fire is the king, water is the queen, earth is mother, sky is father, wind is lord, rain is breadwinner, sun is prince, moon is princess.
Living near a forest means you won't go hungry.
There is a lot of forest - don’t destroy it, a little forest - take care, no forest - plant it.
The plant is a decoration of the earth.
Return the debt to the earth - it will help.
For fish - water, for birds - air, and for man - the whole earth.

4. Rules for healthy eating: Eat breakfast yourself, share lunch with a friend, and give dinner to your enemy.
When I eat, I am deaf and dumb.
He who has not eaten bitter food does not know the sweetness of honey.
Anyone who breathes heavily from fat is not healthy.
The final tidbit.
Honey is sweet, but not two spoons per mouth.
How you chew is how you live.
A little of the good stuff, not enough of the sweet stuff.

5. Rules for healthy movement: A healthy mind in a healthy body.
Move more - you will live longer.
If you don't run while you're healthy, you'll have to run when you're sick.
No disease can catch up with someone who is quick and agile.
If you toughen up, you will distance yourself from the disease.
Ice water is a disaster for any illness.
Walking means living long.
The morning is greeted with exercise, the evening is seen off with a walk.

6. Rules for getting rid of illnesses: A potion grows for every illness.
A lazy person is always unwell.
Anyone who wants to be free from illness does not need to lie down.
Onion cures seven ailments.
Onion and bath rule everything.
Bitter medicine soothes the mouth, but cures the disease.

2. With the help of adults, write a story about a person who showed an example of willpower and fortitude.

Dmitry Polukhin is a man of strong spirit, a man of willpower.

A cadet of the cadet corps of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, 17-year-old Dima Polukhin, risking his life, saved three children from the burning building of the Winter Cherry shopping center in Kemerovo. The cadet followed the voice and saw that in one of the rooms three kids were huddled in a corner and crying. He groped his way to the children, who were invisible in the smoke, and led them out of the fire. Fortunately, he survived.

Hero photo:

Page 48-49. The house is not big, but it doesn’t require standing

1. Write down how the household is managed in the culture of the peoples of your region, answering the following questions:

What is the name of the head of the family? We write the father's name and patronymic
What are the rights and responsibilities of the head of the family? He works, provides for his family, goes grocery shopping, and helps his wife with housework.

What is the name of the wife of the head of the family? Mother's name and patronymic.
What are her rights and responsibilities? She works, prepares food, cleans the house, determines where we will go on vacation.

What is the daily routine in the household? Wake up, have breakfast, go about your business (school, work), return home, have dinner, do homework, spend time together.

What are the rules of behavior at the table during meals? Don't talk while eating. Do not slurp or throw food around. After eating, say “thank you.”

2. Briefly describe your daily responsibilities around the house. Making your bed, tidying up your clothes, keeping your room clean, going to school and doing your homework, washing the dishes after dinner.

3. Briefly describe how you participate in preparing family holidays. I help decorate the apartment, choose gifts, prepare a festive lunch or dinner, and set the table.

4. Draw how you imagine your future family, home and household.

Page 50-53. Family budget

1. Write the definitions yourself or with the help of a textbook.

Family income is the money that family members earn and receive.
Family expenses are the money the family spends.
The family budget is the ratio of family income and expenses.

2. What would you rather spend money on? Number the expenses in order of decreasing importance to you.

Of course, you would like to start with a mobile phone and computer games, but the teacher will not appreciate this. So let's number them in this order:

1 Book
2 Gifts for family and friends
3 Ticket to the museum
4 Cinema ticket
5 Music disc
6 Mobile phone
7 Ice cream
8 Computer game
9 Chips
10 Candy

What else? Add it. Computer accessories, art supplies, toys.

3. In the family of third-grader Denis, his father works as a programmer in a company, his mother is a librarian. Grandfather and grandmother are pensioners, but grandmother works as a ticket cashier at the theater. What types of income does Denis's family have?

Answer: Salary of mother, father and grandmother; grandparents' pension.

4. Create an imaginary family and create a budget for it.

In the family, mother works as a teacher, and father is a doctor. Their eldest son is studying at the institute, and the youngest is in the 5th grade. Grandparents are retired.

Budget: mom and dad's salary, eldest son's scholarship, grandparents' pension minus expenses for food, transportation and training.

5. Cut out photographs of banknotes from the Appendix and paste them into the appropriate frames on page 52. Sign the names of the monetary units. In the photo from top to bottom: 1000 rubles, 5 euros, 100 US dollars.

6. Collect a collection of coins on this page...

We place a metal coin under the page and paint over the paper with a pencil. You will end up with a coin print something like this:

Page 54-55. Wisdom of old age

1. Look at the old picture “Steps of the Human Age”. Write down its name under each step. Use the words for this: childhood, maturity, infancy, extreme old age, youth, approaching old age, tranquility, special mercy of God.

0 years - infancy

10 years - childhood

20 years - youth

30-40 years - maturity

50 years - peace of mind

60 years old - approaching old age

70 years old - old age

80-90 years old - very old age

100 years is a special grace of God.

2. From the text of the textbook on p. 80-81 choose the proverb that interests you the most. Choose a proverb for it that is similar in meaning to the work of the peoples of your region. Write it down.

A kind word is easy to give. - A kind word also pleases the cat.

It is better to starve than to eat stolen goods. - The bought cracker of a stolen pie tastes better.

3. Write in circles 12 good qualities that make up the wealth of a person’s soul.

Qualities: kindness, honesty, loyalty, patience, modesty, generosity, peacefulness, ability to love, optimism, ability to forgive, cordiality, sacrifice.

Page 56-57. Journey to A.S. Pushkin

1. Using the textbook text (pp. 84-85), complete the sentences:

The names of the two ancestors of the Pushkin family on the paternal side: warrior Ratmir, warrior of Alexander Nevsky; Gavrila Aleksic.

The name of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's father is Sergei Lvovich Pushkin.

The name of the poet's mother is Nadezhda Osipovna Hannibal.

The name of the poet's maternal grandfather is Osip Abramovich Hannibal.

Spouse name A.S. Pushkina - Natalya Nikolaevna Pushkina (nee Goncharova).

The name of the poet's eldest daughter is Maria Alexandrovna Pushkina.

The name of the poet's eldest son is Alexander Alexandrovich Pushkin.

The name of the poet's youngest son is Grigory Alexandrovich Pushkin.

The name of the poet's youngest daughter is Natalya Aleksandrovna Pushkina.

In search of world heritage

Page 58-59. World Heritage

1. Using the definition of World Heritage given in the textbook, define its parts.

World Natural Heritage are outstanding natural attractions that are subject to mandatory protection.

World cultural heritage is cultural objects of different countries that are subject to mandatory protection.

2. Mark the World Heritage emblem - far right (square in the center of the circle).

The emblem symbolizes the interdependence of the cultural and natural heritage of mankind: the square represents everything created by human hands, and the circle represents the natural principle. They are closely related. The round shape of the emblem is a symbol of peace and at the same time a call to protect and preserve the heritage of humanity.

3. What do these objects belong to? Indicate with arrows.

Everything is natural on the left, cultural on the right.

World Natural Heritage: Kamchatka volcanoes; Serengeti National Park; Grand Canyon.

World Cultural Heritage: Wooden churches of Kizhi; Venice; Taj Mahal.

4. Using various sources of information, give your own examples of World Heritage sites.

World Heritage Sites in Russia:

Historical center of St. Petersburg, Moscow Kremlin and Red Square, Historical monuments of Novgorod and the surrounding area, Cultural and historical ensemble "Solovetsky Islands", White stone monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal, Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye, Lake Baikal, Golden Altai Mountains, Ubsunur Basin, Curonian Spit , Wrangel Island, Lena Pillars, Ancient city of Chersonesus

World Heritage Sites in other countries:

The Old City of Jerusalem and its fortress walls (Israel), Biblical hills - Megiddo, Hazor, Beersheba (Israel), Great Wall of China (China), Yakushima Island (Japan), Ruins of the ancient city of Machu Picchu (Peru), Yellowstone national park (USA), Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (USA)

5. If there are World Heritage sites in your region, write down their names. You can paste photos.

Photo for pasting (Moscow Kremlin)

Page 60-63. Moscow Kremlin

1. Consider the plan diagram of the Moscow Kremlin. Color in red the numbers of the Kremlin's buildings as a military fortress, in blue - the numbers of the Kremlin's buildings as the center of state power, and in yellow - the Kremlin's buildings as a spiritual shrine of Russia.

Red: 1, 3, 5, 8, 11

Blue: 4, 6, 9, 12

Yellow: 2, 7, 10

2. Cut out images of exhibits from the Moscow Kremlin Armory from the Appendix. Glue them into the appropriate frames.

3. Color the drawing "Moscow Kremlin"

This diagram will help you with this:

Page 64-65. Lake Baikal

1. Using the information from the textbook, write the digital data in the text.

Miracle Lake

The length of Lake Baikal is 636 km. Its greatest depth is 1642 m. This great lake contains 1/5 part of all the fresh water on the planet. More than 300 rivers, Flows from it one river - Angara. Lake Baikal is no less than 25 million years. Among the plants and animals living in the lake 2/3 found only here and nowhere else.

2. Do you know the inhabitants of Baikal? Cut out the pictures from the Appendix and paste them into the appropriate frames.

3. If you have ever been to Lake Baikal, write a story about your impressions. Or express your attitude towards him that you developed in class.

Impression of Baikal

Lake Baikal is very majestic; many legends and secrets are associated with it. The nature on Baikal is very beautiful, amazing, and the water is almost crystal clear. There is a stone in Lake Baikal called the shaman stone. According to legend, the daughter of Baikal, Angara, wanted to run away to her betrothed, the Yenisei, but her father got angry and threw a huge stone on his daughter so that she would not run away, and the shaman-stone remained in this place for centuries. Only a small tip of it is visible on the water, which becomes smaller and smaller every day due to immersion under water.

Page 66-67. Travel to Egypt

1. Using the text on p. 104-105 of the textbook, complete the sentences.

Most of Egypt is anhydrous deserts. That is why they are so revered in Egypt Nile- one of the great rivers of the world, the source of life for the Egyptians. The most ancient people of Egypt - Copts. Capital of Egypt - city Cairo.

2. Write down what types of work the Egyptians did.

Answer: The Egyptians grew wheat and other grains, raised livestock, and hunted.

3. Do you know the sights of Egypt? Cut out the photographs from the Appendix and paste them into appropriate frames.

4. Complete the sayings of the Egyptian sages:

Train your mouth to say what is in heart yours.
Do not return evil for evil: to the one who did you evil, do good so that for a good deed win evil
The soul is strong, voluntarily enduring hardships, it becomes even more stronger.

Pages 68-71. Travel to Greece

1. Write down the following information.

Countries with which Greece borders: Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Turkey.
Seas washing the shores of Greece (part of the Mediterranean Sea): Ionian Sea, Aegean Sea.
The largest islands of Greece: o. Crete, o. Rhodes, o. Kerkyra (Corfu island).

2. Do you know the sights of Athens? Cut out the photographs from the Appendix and paste them into appropriate frames.

3. Using the information from the textbook, fill in the gaps in the text.

Heart of Athens

The main attraction of Athens is a high hill with buildings located on it. This Athens Acropolis. He is listed World Cultural Heritage.

The main entrance to the Acropolis is called Propylaea. The main ancient structure on the famous hill is Parthenon. This is a temple built by the ancient Greeks in honor of the goddess Athens. To the left of it is a smaller temple - Erechtheion.

At the foot of the ancient hill is a new museum, open in 2009 year.

4. Using various sources of information, pick up some interesting facts about Greece. Write them down.

There are as many as 7 seas in Greece: the Aegean, Ionian, Mediterranean, Myrtoian, Thracian, Libyan and Cretan.

Greece is considered the birthplace of mathematics, since it was the Greeks who first began to teach it.

In Ancient Greece, myths and legends were born, revealing the fairy-tale world of ancient monsters and gods.

Source of information: Internet.

There are many islands in Greece, and you can only get from one to another by boat. And the ancient Greeks preferred to travel by sea, even when it was possible to get from one city to another by land.

According to ancient Greek myths, the gods lived on top of Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece. They constantly quarreled with each other and plotted against each other.

The ancient Greeks worshiped many gods. Each "god" had his own responsibilities. Some gods were kind and fair, while others were treacherous and cruel. Homer, the famous poet of Ancient Greece, wrote down many stories from the life of the gods.

The Olympic Games originated in Greece. They were part of the festivals held in honor of the god Zeus. Only men took part in the competition. The athletes performed completely naked.

The world-famous mathematician Archimedes lived in Greece around 250 BC. One day, while taking a bath, he found a solution to a problem he had been struggling with for a long time. He immediately jumped out of the bath shouting “Eureka!”, which means “found.”

Home - a corner of the Fatherland

Any home is a whole universe. In the old days, the very structure of the house and its decorations told about this. Now our homes look different, but they can still be compared to the whole universe. In order for people to live prosperously in all homes, joint activities are necessary for common benefit and joy. It is also necessary to follow the rules of communication with each other, respect other people's opinions and common decisions for the benefit of everyone.

1. Remember what meaning of the word “peace” you already know. Write it down.

The world is Earth

Using the textbook text on p. 4 - 7 complete the sentences:

Another meaning of the word "peace" is a society of people who lived together in the same village, village.

We did common things for the benefit of everyone in the world, at a worldly gathering.

Holidays common to all were celebrated the whole world to the sound of a bell.

Another meaning of the word "peace" is harmony, order, harmony, agreement.

To live in the world - live in peace!

In the language of patterns, the ancient house spoke about how the world works.

Every house is like Universe

Every house is a corner of the father's land, corner of the Fatherland.

2. Come up with signs for each meaning of the word "world". Draw these signs in the appropriate frame.

3. Look at the pictures. Come up with and write down captions for them. Using the textbook text on pp. 6-7, compose an oral story based on illustrations

Story
At a secular meeting, they decided to build a bridge that would help establish communication with the neighboring village and would significantly shorten the path to the neighbors. The whole villagers set to work, and the work progressed. The bridge turned out to be solid and strong. This common cause improved life for everyone.

4. Make up a photo story about the city (village) where your home is located. Paste a photo of the center that is especially important for people and unites them. Place a photograph or drawing of a common cause or holiday nearby.

Moscow House of Cinema - a photograph of the center that unites people

We invite you to familiarize yourself with the most famous symbols of humanity, many of which you can probably decipher without our help.

Yin Yang

Black and white “fish” intertwined in a circle is one of the most popular symbols. There are many interpretations of it, but each of them is correct in its own way. The black half embodies the dark, earthly, northern or feminine principles, and the white half embodies everything opposite.

We know this symbol from Taoist philosophy, but in fact the harmony of dark and light came from Buddhist culture. Yin-Yang has become the personification of Eastern teachings and Chinese medicine.

The most common interpretation is balance, harmony between the feminine and masculine, good and evil.

Magen David (Star of David)

Although today we perceive this symbol exclusively as Jewish, it appeared in India around the Bronze Age. Then it meant Anahata - the chakra that reveals everything beautiful and is responsible for love.

By the way, even today this symbol is found in different cultures. For example, in Islam the same six-pointed stars are depicted on the veil that covers the main shrine in Mecca.

The Star of David began to be associated with Jews already in the Middle Ages, although at that time this symbol could more often be found in Arabic treatises.

Since this symbol was depicted on the family coat of arms of King David, who lived in Iran, the star was called Magen of David. It was also used by Heinrich Heine, who signed his articles in this way. The Rothschild family also included this sign in their coat of arms. Subsequently, Magen David became a symbol of the Zionists.

Caduceus

This is one of the oldest symbols, which was used in the ritual rites of ancient Egypt. By the way, its meaning is interpreted differently depending on the application. In Ancient Rome, this sign was a symbol of inviolability, in occultism it was a sign of secret knowledge and the key to it. But in the USA in the century before last, the caduceus was widespread as a medical emblem.

But the most common meaning of the caduceus is its interpretation as a symbol of trade, wealth and prosperity. A torch with curling snakes is found on the emblem of the chamber of commerce, customs or tax service, courts and even some cities.
The torch is interpreted as the axis of life, and intertwined snakes symbolize movement, the struggle between good and evil, the unity of God and man, as well as many other phenomena and concepts.

Chrism

This symbol is one of the most iconic symbols of Christians. It is known as the monogram of Christ, that is, chrisma is the intertwining of the first two letters of his name. Although Christianity is one of the symbols that were traditionally depicted on the banners of the Roman Empire.

There is an interpretation according to which this is an ancient symbol of the sun in some religions. This is why many Christian movements do not recognize this sign.

Ohm

An ancient sacred symbol for Hindus, which means the divine triad. He personifies Creation, Maintenance and Destruction, being the trinity of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.

The mantra "Om" is a mantra of strength, intelligence and eternity. These are some of the symbols that have become popular in pop culture and cinema.

Chalice of Hygieia

Who hasn’t seen this sign that has become a symbol of medicine? This emblem came to us from Ancient Greece, where it meant the struggle for health and strength. Doctors first used it during the Roman conquests, and later this sign became a generally accepted symbol of medicine. Although the WHO emblem is slightly different - it is a snake entwined around a staff. But we still know that an asp with a cup means a medical drug or institution.

Ichthys

The graphic silhouette of a fish with the inscribed abbreviation in Greek “Jesus Christ – Son of God” was used by the first Christians during the period of persecution. Pisces is a symbol of Christianity, the apostles and religious teachings.

Today the abbreviation itself is more common, although these crossed “crescents” can be found on ancient places of worship.

Rose of Wind

The wind rose is a symbol-amulet for sailors. They believed that this sign would help them return home and not go astray. But in some occult teachings there is similar symbolism that personifies the angelic essence.

8 spoke wheel

In different religions and religious rituals, this symbol meant different things. But the most common interpretation is the sun, movement in a circle, fate, fortune.

The expression “Wheel of Fortune” is firmly established in everyday life. It came precisely from this symbol.

Ouroboros

The snake devouring its own tail represents the cyclical nature of life and death. But with the advent of Christianity, where the serpent is the personification of evil, ouroboros became a symbol of the struggle between good and evil.

Hammer and sickle

A relatively “young” symbol that came into the world with the communist movement. It was invented in 1918 and meant the peasantry (sickle) and the working class (hammer). Today it is perceived as a symbol of communism.

fleur-de-lis

Sign of royalty. It was especially widespread in France, although initially the flower was interpreted as a symbol of purity and innocence. During the Renaissance, this sign symbolized mercy and compassion. Many people believe that the fleur-de-lis is a stylized iris flower.

Crescent

Initially, the crescent was the personification of the night deity. In some images from Ancient Egypt, we can see headdresses with a crescent moon on the gods. But today it is the most established symbol of Islam. The crescent moon is also found in Christianity, where it symbolizes the Virgin Mary and Paradise.

Double headed eagle

In Ancient Sumer, the double-headed eagle was a solar symbol, personifying the sun and light. During the formation of the first states, the double-headed eagle became one of the most common symbols of empires. The symbol gained popularity as the coat of arms of the Roman Empire, the Palaiologan dynasty (Byzantium) and the Golden Horde. Today it can often be found in the coats of arms of many states.

Pentacle

Since ancient times it has been a symbol of protection. Appeared long before the emergence of world religions. But each of them found its own interpretation of the pentagram. For example, in Christianity it is a symbol of the five wounds on the body of Christ. But the sign is better known as the seal of Solomon.

The pentagram comes in different meanings. It is used both as an occult symbol and as a religious one. An inverted pentagram is interpreted as a symbol of evil.

Swastika

Today this symbol is associated with evil and fascism, having completely lost its original meaning. Moreover, in some countries this symbolism is prohibited by law.

But the history of the swastika begins 10 thousand years ago. Initially, it was interpreted as a wish for good luck and prosperity. In pre-Columbian America, the swastika meant the sun, life, movement.

All-seeing eye

A sign of truth, teaching and patronage. Found in Ancient Egypt and in the modern world. For example, it can be seen on US currency notes. Typically used in conjunction with the triangle or pyramid symbol. The sign is found both in religious and occult movements, and in the symbolism of Freemasons.

Cross

Initially, the cross symbolized life and the sun. It was used by the priests of Ancient Egypt, India and other ancient civilizations.

With the advent of Christianity, the cross somewhat changed its meaning, becoming a symbol of death and resurrection. Today it is the most common sign of Christianity.

Pacific

One of the most common symbols, which was invented as the emblem of the movement for nuclear disarmament. But gradually its original meaning transformed into universal reconciliation and renunciation of the use of military force. Now this sign is an international symbol of peace.

Olympic rings

The most famous sports symbols. It has several interpretations: five rings - five continents, five rings as five skills that every participant in the competition must master. There is another meaning in which five colors mean the five elements surrounding a person.

Compass and square

A symbol that has always been attributed only to the Masonic lodge. But its interpretation is quite varied. The compass means the sky, and the square the earth, symbolizing the unity of the spiritual and earthly. Often the letter G is depicted in the resulting rhombus, which is interpreted as the human soul.

Smile

The most popular Internet symbol, which has only one meaning - have a happy day. Initially, the smiley was the emblem of an advertising campaign, but very soon the sign joined any message that wanted to be given goodwill.

Dollar sign

This sign denotes not only American currency, but also any other that has the name “dollar”. But the origin of this symbol remains a mystery. There is an interpretation that the dollar is an abbreviation for the peso currency, because initially the Spanish dominated the continent. According to another version, this is a graphic designation of the path and the pillars of Hercules.

Signs of Mars and Venus

This symbol appeared during Antiquity. A circle with a stripe down means Venus, who admires her beauty in the mirror. And a circle with an upward arrow means the strength and courage of warlike Mars.