Significant events in the world of music - significant dates

BIRTHDAYS

Ludwig Röllshtab- German writer, author of historical entertaining novels, satirist, playwright and music critic.
Dates of life: April 13, 1799 - November 27, 1860.

William Sterndale Bennett- British composer.
Dates of life: April 13, 1816 - February 01, 1875.

Maria Dolina(real name Sayushkina, married - Gorlenko) - Russian opera singer (contralto).
Dates of life: April 13, 1868 - December 02, 1919.

Alexander Alexandrov- Russian Soviet composer and choral conductor.
Dates of life: April 13, 1883 - July 08, 1946.

Lawrence Bud Freeman Is an American jazz musician.
Dates of life: April 13, 1906 - March 15, 1991.

Ken Nordin(Ken Nordine) is an American voice and recording artist best known for a series of verbal jazz albums.
Dates of life: April 13, 1920 - February 16, 2019.

Dona Yvonne Lara(Dona Ivone Lara, nee Yvonne Lara da Costa) is a Brazilian singer and songwriter.
Dates of life: April 13, 1921 - April 16, 2018.

Yosef "Yossi" Banai(Yosef "Yossi" Banai) is an Israeli actor and singer.
Dates of life: April 13, 1932 - May 11, 2006.

Vladimir Kosma- French violinist, conductor and film composer.
Date of birth: April 13, 1940.

Floyd Miles(Floyd Miles) is an American guitarist, singer and songwriter.
Dates of life: April 13, 1943 - January 25, 2018.

John William "Jack" Kesedy Is an American rock musician, bass player for The Jefferson Airplane, Hot Tuna and KBC.
Date of birth: April 13, 1944.

Brian Pendleton- English musician, member of The Pretty Things.
Dates of life: April 13, 1944 - May 16, 2001.

Lowell George Is an American country rock singer.
Dates of life: April 13, 1945 - June 29, 1979.

Alexander Kutikov- Soviet and Russian musician, composer, vocalist and music producer. He performs in several musical groups, but is best known as a bass player, vocalist and composer of a rock band.
Date of birth: April 13, 1952.

Nils Olsen- Danish singer, together with his brother Jürgen is in the pop-rock duo Olsen Brothers. They won the competition in 2000.

Jimmy Destry- keyboardist of the American band Blondie.
Date of birth: April 13, 1954.

Hideki Saijou(Hideki Saijō, nee Tatsuo Kimoto) is a Japanese singer and television personality.
Dates of life: April 13, 1955 - May 16, 2018.

Joe Matsolla- guitarist of the American band Sponge.
Date of birth: April 13, 1961.

Hillel Slovak- American guitarist who played in What’s This? and co-founded the Red Hot Chili Peppers.
Dates of life: April 13, 1962 - June 25, 1988.

Igor Bely- Russian poet, bard, one of the founders and active participants of the creative association "August 32".
Date of birth: April 13, 1971.

Sergei Shnurov(Cord) is a Russian rock musician, leader of the Leningrad and Ruble bands.
Date of birth: April 13, 1973.

Marta Yandova- German singer of Czech origin, vocalist of the German alternative metal band Die Happy. A participant from the Czech Republic in a duet with Vaclav Noid Barta.
Date of birth: April 13, 1974.

MamaRika(Anastasia Kochetova) - Ukrainian pop singer. Old alias Erika.
Date of birth: April 13, 1989.

MEMORY DAYS

Johann Christoph Schmidt- German composer.
Dates of life: 06 August 1664 - 13 April 1728.

Franz Danzi- German composer, cellist and conductor of Italian descent.
Dates of life: June 15, 1763 - April 13, 1826.

Anna Vorobyova(by her husband Petrov) - Russian opera singer.
Dates of life: 02 February 1817 - 13 April 1901.

Olga Schroeder(married Napravnik) - Russian opera singer (mezzo-soprano and contralto).
Dates of life: August 26, 1844 - April 13, 1902.

Cecile Chaminade- French pianist and composer.
Dates of life: 08 August 1857 - 13 April 1944.

Edward van Beinum- Dutch conductor.
Dates of life: 03 September 1901 - 13 April 1959.

Ralph Kirkpatrick- American harpsichordist and musicologist.
Dates of life: June 10, 1911 - April 13, 1984.

Alexander Bronevitsky- Soviet composer and choral conductor. Founder and leader of the first vocal ensemble in the USSR "Druzhba". Husband .
Dates of life: 08 July 1931 - 13 April 1988.

Dorothy Ashby- American jazz pianist and harpist.
Dates of life: 06 August 1932 - 13 April 1986.

EVENTS

1742 - Handel's oratorio The Messiah was performed for the first time at the Music Hall in Dublin on Easter.

1887 - The Maly Theater hosted the premiere of the world's first gypsy operetta Children of the Woods, staged by Nikolai Shishkin's troupe.

1933 - at the Leningrad Theater named after Kirov ballet took place.

1954 - Every year they began to celebrate the World Rock and Roll Day.

1962 - the first performance in the "Star Club" took place.

1967 - The first performance of The Rolling Stones took place behind the Iron Curtain in Warsaw.

more about these musicians and events - .

Significant events in the world of music - BIRTHDAYS

April 13, 1816 born - the largest figure in British music of the 19th century. He greatly influenced an entire generation of students of the Royal Academy of Music, guiding them into strict classics.

Bennet studied at the Royal Academy of Music (violin, piano, composition). His first concerto for piano and orchestra ( 1832 ) was highly commended Mendelssohn and other prominent musicians. Then new compositions appeared. The composer twice traveled to Germany, where he played concerts and conducted. responded to speeches Bennett enthusiastic review and dedicated his "Symphonic Etudes".

Since 1837 Bennett taught and continued to perform as a pianist. V 1849 founded English Bach Society... V 1854 year held the first performance in England Passion according to Matthew... V 1855 changed Richard Wagner as conductor Philharmonic Society... V 1856 William Bennett became professor of music at Cambridge University, and 10 years later he headed the Royal Academy of Music.

E aesthetic ideal for Bennett was music, and of the romantic composers he preferred Mendelssohn... The composer's legacy includes 6 symphonies, piano concerts, overtures, oratorio, cantata, choirs. The most interesting are the charming youthful piano recitals and concert overtures.

R Russian Soviet composer and choral conductor was born April 13, 1883... Educated at the Moscow Conservatory. WITH 1891 sang in the choir of the Kazan Cathedral (Petersburg). Studied at the St. Petersburg Imperial Chapel and at the St. Petersburg Conservatory.

In the years 1913-16 created a music school in Tver. After the revolution, he taught choral singing at the Moscow Conservatory, where he later became head of the choir department, and then deputy dean of the military conducting faculty.

In 1928 from the members of the Red Army amateur Alexandrov organized Song and Dance Ensemble of the Soviet Army, which immediately became widely known, primarily due to musical compositions that glorified the heroes of the Civil War. processed the "folk" song "Along the valleys and hills"... His works are well known "Cantata about Stalin", "Song of Stalin", "Song of the War Commissioner", "Anthem of the Bolshevik Party".

In 1941 Aleksandrov wrote the music of the song "Holy war", which became a symbol of the USSR's struggle against fascism. WITH 1943 among other composers worked on music for Anthem of the USSR... Option was approved Alexandra Alexandrova... After his death, July 8, 1946, the ensemble was headed by his son Boris.

R Russian pop singer was born April 13, 1948... Graduated from musical school for accordion class and music school named after Ippolitova-Ivanova with a degree in conductor-choir. Further Shufutinsky performed with various ensembles in Moscow and Magadan in restaurants (sang songs, Petra Leshchenko), later became the head of VIA "Leisya, song" who mainly performed songs Vyacheslav Dobrynin.

In 1981 Mikhail Shufutinsky emigrated to the USA, and two years later he released an album as an arranger, keyboardist and producer Anatoly Mogilevsky "We don't eat this in Odessa" and a year later - "I love you, madam"... About 10 years Shufutinsky played in various ensembles in restaurants, created his own show group "Ataman-band".

In 1990 For the first time after emigration, the singer came to the USSR and gave several concerts. Since then Shufutinsky constantly came to Russia on tour, and with 2003 began to live permanently in the country.

V repertoire Mikhail Shufutinsky includes songs by authors such as Viacheslav Dobrynin, Igor Krutoy, Oleg Mityaev, Alexander Rosenbaum, Nikita Dzhigurda, Alexander Novikov, Oleg Gazmanov, Igor Zubkov, Vaclav Lisovsky, Olesya Atlanova, Karen Kavaleryan, Mikhail Zvezdinsky, Kirill Krastoshevsky and many others.

April 13, 1952 born - famous Soviet and Russian musician, composer, vocalist, music producer. He has performed and performs in several musical groups. Best known as bass player, vocalist and composer of the rock band ( 1971-1974 , With 1979 Until now).

In 1987 Alexander Kutikov recorded his first solo songs "Let me dream" and "Who is with me?" to poetry Margarita Pushkina... V 1990 released a solo LP "Dancing on the Roof", which was reissued on CD (1996). The album was recorded in collaboration with a guitarist Dmitry Chetvergov and Andrey Derzhavin(future keyboardist "Time machines"). It consisted of songs set to poetry Karen Kavaleryan... Myself Kutikov explained the release of the solo disc by the fact that he had accumulated a lot of musical material, and, very seriously suited to his creative activity, he would not be able to quickly write the lyrics for new songs.

Since December 2003 Kutikov resumed solo activities, this time with the group "Nuance", at whose concerts he performs songs from his solo album and repertoire "Time machines"... Album "Demons of love" went out in 2009 year.

Niels and Jurgen Olsen

April 13, 1954 was born Nils Olsen- Danish singer. Together with brother Jurgen is a pop-rock duo Olsen brothers who won the competition.

WITH howling the first group The kids they organized in 1965 ... In the same year they performed at the opening act for The kinks during their concert in Copenhagen. Already in 1967 first single released duet and in 1971 brothers participated in the production of the musical "Hair", with whom they then went on tour to Norway and Sweden. V 1972 year the first album was released duet, now called Olsen brothers.

P donkey victory at the annual national festival Dansk Melodi Grand Prix v 2000 year with a song "Fly on the Wings of Love" the duet won first place in the competition Eurovision... At the same time, after the victory in Denmark alone, more than 100 thousand copies of this single were sold in one day. V 2005 brothers took second place in Dansk Melodi Grand Prix festival with composition "Little Yellow Radio"... On the Congratulations competition dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the song contest Eurovision held in 2005 year, "Fly on the Wings of Love" took 6th place among the best songs Eurovision throughout its history.

April 13, 1962 born - American guitarist who played in a band What’s This? and became one of the founders Red hot chili peppers.

Slovak started learning to play the guitar when he was only 13 years old. His first team Chain reaction after the first concert was renamed to Anthym... When the guys finished school, they changed their name again. Now it was What’s This?.

Slovak played for six months with Red hot chili peppers many successful concerts, when a project closer to him What’s This? got a recording contract. left the band, but while recording his second album, he began to miss RHCP, where he soon returned. The group wrote two subsequent albums with the participation of Slovak... Songs "Skinny Sweaty Man" and "No Chump Love Sucker" from subsequent albums written about Slovak.

O he was known by pseudonyms "Slim Bob Billy", "Slim", "Huckleberry", and Kiedis often pronounces these nicknames before starting guitar solos Slovak... His last recording was a cover version of the song. Jimi Hendrix "Fire" included in the album « Mother's Milk » .

R work Slovak made the most significant contribution to early sounding Red hot chili peppers.

April 13, 1971 born - Russian poet, bard, one of the founders and active participants creative association "August 32".

P After school he entered the biochemistry department, but did not finish his studies. After leaving with his parents to Israel, he entered the technical department of the University of Jerusalem. After a year and a half, he left the university and returned to Moscow. Graduated from the Faculty of Philology of the Hebrew University in Moscow.

In 1994 together with Tatiana Puchko, Dmitry Avilov and Irina Antsiferova founded Creative Association "32nd August".

WITH now together with Evgenia Slavina performs in a duet "Oifn Veg".

(Cord) was born April 13, 1973... Russian rock musician, group leader "Leningrad" and, since 2008, – "Ruble", has released two solo albums: "Second Magadansky" (2003 ) and "Buttercup" (2012 ). She acts in films, writes music for films.

V childhood Sergei was a big fan Arcadia Severny and, as well as groups, "Alice", "Strange Games", "Zoo", "DDT", "Secret" and "Object of ridicule"... After school he studied at the Leningrad Civil Engineering Institute.

Cords performs songs in the genres of garage rock, ska, punk rock. He uses profanity everywhere in his songs. At a concert in Nuremberg, he appeared on stage naked. Also performed naked at the end of the performance with the band. "Ruble" at the Kubana festival in August 2010.

Z wrote an album "Huinya" with a famous music trio from London The tiger lillies.

Was born April 13, 1974... Vocalist of a German alternative metal band Die happy.

R dressed in Czechoslovakia in the family of a musician Petara Yandy, the leader of a rock band Olympic, and dancer Yana Yandova. After graduation Martha, as an experience exchange student, went to the United States to study English.

In 1993 Marta Yandova moved to Germany, where she met Torsten Meves, guitarist Die happy who suggested Martha to be a vocalist in a group. She agreed as it was a great opportunity to learn another language - German.

P with participation MarthaDie happy released eight albums. Last, "Red Box", went out to 2010 year.

Represented the Czech Republic in a song contest in a duet with Vaclav Noid Bart... Artists performed in, but did not pass.

Significant events in the world of music - DAYS OF MEMORY

February 2, 1817 born (by her husband Petrov) - a famous Russian opera singer.

E while being a student of a theater school ( 1833 ) made her operatic debut as Pippo ( "Magpie-thief, or the Danger of judging by appearance"), later performed in the part of Ritta ( "Tsampa, the sea robber, or the Marble Bride" by Louis Joseph Ferdinand Herold). Despite her success, after graduating from college, she was appointed by the directors of the Imperial Theaters to the chorus of the St. Petersburg Opera. However, the teacher and at the same time the Kapellmeister of the theater Kavos very soon put forward Vorobiev in soloists, instructing the main parties. Only thanks to the persistent efforts of Kavos did January 30, 1835 in the part of Arzach, after which she was credited as a soloist of the Imperial Opera.

April 8, 1836 Anna played the role of a slave in a drama "Moldavian gypsy, or Gold and dagger" K. Bakhturin, where at the beginning of the third scene she performed an aria with a female choir, written especially for the production.

AND due to the large voice load in the male low parts, the singer broke her voice and 1846 year left the stage, although she officially continued to be listed in the opera company until 1850 ... In old age, she became blind.

WITH among partners Anna Vorobyova there were outstanding singers of the time on stage: spouse Osip Petrov, Baikov, Leon Leonov, A. Lodiy, M. Stepanova, M. Shelekhova.

(married Guide) was born August 26, 1844... The Russian opera singer (mezzo-soprano and contralto) graduated from the St. Petersburg Theater School. V 1863 (according to other sources - in 1864 ) year made her debut at the St. Petersburg Mariinsky Theater as Vanya - "Life for the Tsar" Mikhail Glinka.

P Evitsa performed at the Mariinsky before 1884 year... Under the direction of the composer Alexander Dargomyzhsky prepared the part of the Princess for the production of his opera "Mermaid", however, did not perform in it. In total, she performed 30 parts in 26 operas. Among them: Izyaslav ( "Rogneda", 1st performer); Kseniya ( "Nizhny Novgorod"), Afimya ( "The enemy's power"), Lina ( "Ermak"), Zakharievna ( "Oprichnik"), Daphne ( "Angelo", 1st ed.); Flora ( "La Traviata"); Naina, Ratmir ( "Ruslan and Ludmila"), Nastya ( "Martha"), Nancy, Pierretto, etc.

V season 1884-85 years left the stage and April 13, 1902 the singer died.

was born July 8, 1931... Soviet composer, choral conductor was the founder and leader of the first in the USSR vocal ensemble "Friendship"... First husband.

In 1955, Alexander Bronevitsky created an amateur vocal ensemble, the participants were students, mainly future conductors who came to study from the countries of Eastern Europe. Carried away by the idea of ​​chord sounding of familiar melodies, its participants arranged popular Czech, Bulgarian and other songs, performed them accompanied by a rhythm group (piano, drums, double bass). To eight soloists in the same 1955 a soloist was added - a student of the Leningrad University Edita Piekha who sang French and Polish songs.

In 1958 Graduated from the Leningrad Conservatory in composition (formerly in choral conducting). After graduation, the ensemble "Friendship" broke up - the graduates of the conservatory left for their countries and places of work. Bronevitsky it took a year to update the roster.

In 1964 the ensemble was banned, and after a short break it was renewed for the third time, new members were gathered from all over the USSR. Before July 1976 the soloist of the ensemble was Edita Piekha... After she left Bronevitsky tried to rebuild programs, worked with L. Chizhevskaya, I. Romanovskaya, A. Troitsky... But there was no previous success. After death Alexander Bronevitsky April 13, 1988 ensemble "Friendship" ceased to exist.

Significant Events in the World of Music - Significant Dates

April 13, 1742 Oratorio was performed for the first time at the Music Hall in Dublin on Easter Handel's "Messiah"... Tickets for this concert were in great demand. The author himself played the part of the harpsichord.

V Maly theater April 13, 1887 the premiere of the world's first gypsy operetta "Children of the Forests" staged by the troupe of Nikolai Shishkin.

April 13, 1933 at the Leningrad Theater. Kirov ballet took place. Choreographer Agrippina Vaganova (renewed after Ivanov and Petipa), conductor Evgeny Mravinsky(Odette - Galina Ulanova, Odile - Olga Jordan, Siegfried - Konstantin Sergeev).

VWorld Rock and Roll Day celebrated annually 13 april, although the historical event that served as the basis for the holiday took place the day before, April 12, 1954... Then Bill Haley recorded a single "Rock Around The Clock", which became a landmark in a new musical direction that quickly crossed the borders of the United States and spread across countries and continents, challenging society and traditions.

April 13, 1967 the first performance took place The rolling stones behind the iron curtain in Warsaw.

Updated: April 13, 2019 by the author: Elena

On April 13, 1945, the troops of Marshal Tolbukhin liberated the capital of Austria, the city of Vienna, from the Nazi invaders.

Simultaneity of the assault

In early April, Vienna was defended by the remnants of eight tank divisions, one infantry division, the personnel of the Vienna military school and up to 15 separate battalions. The backbone of the enemy garrison was the unfinished units of the 6th SS Panzer Army. It is no coincidence that the commander of this army, Colonel-General of the SS troops Sepp Dietrich, was appointed head of the defense of Vienna, who at the same time arrogantly declared: "Vienna will be saved for Germany." He failed to save not only Vienna, but also his life. On April 6, he was killed.

The fascist German command on the approaches to the city and in Vienna itself prepared numerous defensive positions in advance. Anti-tank ditches were dug along the outer contour and various obstacles and obstacles were set up in the tank-hazardous areas. The enemy blocked the streets of the city with numerous barricades and obstructions. Firing points were installed in almost all stone and brick buildings. The enemy sought to turn Vienna into an impregnable fortress.

As early as April 1, the headquarters of the Supreme Command assigned the 3rd Ukrainian Front the task of capturing the capital of Austria and reaching the Tulln, St. Pölten, Neu-Lengbach line no later than April 12-15 ...

The battles in the city went on continuously: during the day the main forces fought, and at night - units and subunits specially assigned for this purpose. In the complex labyrinth of streets and lanes of the capital city, the actions of small rifle units, individual tank crews and gun crews, often fighting in isolation from each other, acquired particular importance.

By April 10, the enemy garrison was squeezed from three sides. In this situation, the fascist German command took all measures to hold the only bridge over the Danube that remained in its hands and bring the remnants of its broken units to the northern bank of the river ...

Summarizing the experience of hostilities in the previous days, the Military Council of the Front came to the conclusion that in order to accelerate the defeat of the enemy grouping, it is necessary to conduct a decisive assault, organizing a clear interaction of all forces and means participating in it.

In accordance with this conclusion, an operational directive was developed and on April 12 given to the troops of the 4th, 9th Guards and 6th Guards Tank Armies, in which special attention was paid to the simultaneous assault. To quickly complete it, the troops were ordered to rush into the attack after the signal - a salvo of "Katyushas". Tank subunits, despite the fire of individual pockets of resistance, had to break through to the Danube as soon as possible. The military council of the front demanded from the army commanders: "To mobilize the troops for a decisive strike by all means at your disposal and to explain that only swift action will ensure the rapid completion of the task." A well-organized and prepared assault on the fortified city was carried out in a short time. By the middle of the day on April 13, the enemy garrison was almost completely destroyed ... On the evening of April 13, for the liberation of Vienna, the capital of our Motherland, Moscow, saluted the troops of the 3rd and 2nd Ukrainian fronts with twenty-four salvoes from three hundred and twenty-four guns.

Before the fireworks, a Moscow radio announcer read a message from the Soviet Information Bureau, which said: “The Nazis intended to turn Vienna into a heap of ruins. They wanted to subject the inhabitants of the city to a prolonged siege and protracted street fighting. With skillful and decisive actions, our troops thwarted the criminal plans of the German command. Within a few days, the capital of Austria, Vienna, was liberated from the German fascist invaders. "

Military memoirs. Ivanov S.P. For the liberation of Hungary and Austria. May 9, 1945. M., 1970

YOU WILL BE FEEDED AND YOU WILL GO HOME

It was, I think, on the second day of the storming of Vienna. I was at the command post of the 20th Guards Rifle Corps, Major General N.I.Biryukov, when the scouts brought in a puny, blond-haired boy in his clay-stained uniform.

He would have to chase the ball in the yard, but he was handed a machine gun, - the corps commander sighed. Suddenly he hardened: - Did you shoot for sure?

Not at all, comrade general, - reported the scout. - Didn't have time or really didn't want to, but didn't use the weapon, we checked his machine gun.

When the interpreter came and the interrogation began, the prisoner said that all the children from the upper grades of the gymnasium were first sent by the Nazis to the construction of defensive facilities, and then they gave out machine guns, faust cartridges and threw them against the Russians ... The young man said that he was an Austrian and hated the Germans. They are rapists and robbers. And all the time he asked what would happen to him. He said that their commander had warned that the Russians were shooting everyone.

Translate to the prisoner, - I said to the translator, - that the Red Army does not fight with children. We are convinced that he will never again take up arms to fight against the Red Army. But if he does, let him blame himself ...

The boy was overjoyed. He fell to his knees, began to swear that he would never forget how kind the Soviet general and officers were to him. Telling him to get up, I said:

Your mom is probably worried about you? Now you will be fed and you will go home. Take only with you the appeal of the command of the Red Army to the Austrians. Read it yourself, give it to your friends and acquaintances. Let them know the truth about the Red Army too.

The young man promised to do everything as the Soviet general ordered ...

This is the appeal:

“Citizens of the city of Vienna!

The Red Army, crushing the German fascist troops, approached Vienna.

The Red Army entered Austria not for the purpose of seizing Austrian territory, but solely for the purpose of defeating the enemy German fascist troops and liberating Austria from German dependence.

The hour of liberation of the capital of Austria - Vienna from German rule has come, but the retreating German fascist troops want to turn Vienna into a battlefield, as they did in Budapest. This threatens Vienna and its inhabitants with the same destruction and horror of war that the Germans inflicted on Budapest and its population.

For the sake of preserving the capital of Austria, its historical monuments of culture and art, I suggest:

1. The entire population who cares about Vienna cannot be evacuated from the city, for with the cleansing of Vienna from the Germans, you will be spared the horrors of war, and those who are evacuated will be driven to death by the Germans.

2. Prevent the Germans from mining Vienna, blowing up its bridges and turning houses into fortifications.

3. To organize the struggle against the Germans and protection from its destruction by the Nazis.

4. All actively interfere with the export of industrial equipment, goods, food by the Germans from Vienna and do not allow robbing the population of Vienna.

Citizens of Vienna!

Help the Red Army in the liberation of the capital of Austria - Vienna, invest your share in the liberation of Austria from the German fascist yoke! "

Military memoirs. Anoshin I.S. M., 1988

NEW TECHNIQUES OF STORM TEAMS

In the labyrinth of streets, courtyards and lanes of an unfamiliar city, our assault groups in the course of the battle mastered new tactics. In particular, since every now and then it was necessary to break through walls and fences, each warrior, in addition to standard weapons, carried a crowbar, a pickaxe or an ax.

The assault group, headed by the company Komsomol organizer, the Red Army soldier Vovk, approached a large five-story building. While the Red Army soldier Ananiev was firing at the windows with a machine gun, Vovk and other soldiers burst into the entrances. Close combat began in the rooms and corridors. Three hours later, the building was cleared of the enemy. In the seized ammunition depot, Vovk found faust cartridges. A few hours later he managed to burn down two Tiger-type tanks with them. Right there, on the streets of Vienna, Vovk was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

In one of the houses, on the second floor, an enemy machine gunner sat down. The crew of the anti-tank rifle could not get it in any way. Then the fighters Tarasyuk and Abdulov, passing the courtyards, climbed onto the roof of this house. Abdulov secured a long rope to the chimney, Tarasov went down it to the window, from which he fired a machine gun, threw an anti-tank grenade inside, and it was all over.

Officer Kotlikov's unit moved along the street, from house to house. The enemy was entrenched on both sides, three-layer machine gun and mortar fire did not allow our guards to drag a heavy machine gun across the street. Then Kotlikov tied a wire to a machine gun, divided his soldiers into two groups. Now they were advancing simultaneously on both sides of the street, dragging the machine gun as needed by the wire from one group to another.

Initiative and independence in the actions of small units is one of the decisive conditions for success in battles for a large city. That is why we moved so quickly into the interior of Vienna.

Military memoirs. Biryukov N.I. The difficult science of winning. M., 1968

BORN:

1519 - EKATERINA DE MEDICI
/ CATHERINE de MEDICI /
(1519 — 5.1.1589), wife of King Henry II of France (1547-59), one of the most influential persons of France during the wars between Catholics and Huguenots (she is considered one of the organizers of St. Bartholomew's Night).

After the death of her husband, she was regent for 15 years, her three sons - FRANCIS II, CARL IX and HENRICH III - were kings of France, and her daughter MARGARIT was married to the Protestant leader HENRICH OF NAVARR, the future King Henry IV.

1570 - Guy FOX
/ Guy FAWKES /
(1570 — 31.1.1606), English Catholic. In 1593 he joined the Spanish army and fought in the Netherlands. In 1604, Catholic conspirators involved him in a "gunpowder plot." Their goal was to destroy the English Parliament and King James I and thus end Protestant rule in the country. On November 5, 1605, the king was to open a sitting of parliament. According to the conspirators' plan, Guy was supposed to lay barrels of gunpowder in the basement of the House of Lords and blow it up during the meeting. But an anonymous author warned of the conspiracy in a letter, and Fox was arrested on November 4. Under torture, he told everything he knew.

The conspiracy was thwarted and Guy Fawkes executed. In England, November 5 became a holiday - Guy Fawkes Day.

1743 - Thomas JEFFERSON
/ Thomas JEFFERSON /
(1743 — 4.7.1826), a prominent figure in the First American bourgeois revolution, author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), 3rd President of the United States in 1801-1809, one of the founding fathers of this state, an outstanding politician, diplomat and philosopher of the Enlightenment.

Jefferson was the head of the committee for the creation of the declaration of independence. In addition to him, there were 4 other people on the committee: John ADAMS, Dr. FRANKLIN, Roger SHERMAN, and Robert R. LIVINGSTON. At one of the committee meetings, the 4 people unanimously asked Jefferson to write the declaration himself. The US Library of Congress was created from his collection. Jefferson founded the University of Virginia and created his first program.

Jefferson was governor of Virginia (1779-1781), first secretary of state of the United States (1789-1795), second vice president (1797-1801), and third president of the United States (1801-1809). Jefferson and Martin VAN BUREN are the only American politicians who have alternated between the posts of Secretary of State, Vice President, and President.

He was a versatile scientist - agronomist, architect (designed his estate Monticello), archaeologist, paleontologist, inventor, collector, writer.

He is widely known as one of the main founders of the doctrine of separation of church and state.

1748 - Joseph BRAMA
/ Joseph BRAMAH /
(1748 — 9.12.1814), English inventor.

The professional cabinetmaker got carried away with the task of creating a lock that could not be opened with master keys, and in 1784 he exhibited a lock he had designed in his shop window with the promise to pay a reward of 200 guineas to whoever could open it. For 67 years no one managed to achieve this, until finally one skilled mechanic managed to cope with this task, having spent 51 hours breaking. Even today, representatives of law enforcement agencies manage to arrive at the scene of the crime during this time. Brahma achieved this success through the development of a number of sophisticated precision instruments that sparked the explosive development of mechanical engineering in 19th century England.

Brahma also invented the hydraulic press, banknote numbering machine, and more.

1771 - Richard TREVITIC
/ Richard TREVITHICK /
(1771 — 22.4.1833), English inventor.

It was he who first created a high-pressure steam engine and built the first steam locomotive. Trevithick demonstrated his first steam wagon at the end of 1801. In 1803, he rode the streets of London in a large, trackless steam wagon, and in the same year, while working as an engineer for a mining company in South Wales, he created the first steam locomotive with a pressure boiler. In February of the following year, he won a bet from the owner of the company when his creation carried 70 people and 10 tons of cargo on a 10-mile track. He built another locomotive the following year, and in 1808 his new steam locomotive with smooth drive wheels and the flirty name "Catch Me Who Can!" drove along the ring road laid on Euston Road in London. This steam locomotive developed a speed of up to 30 km / h. The inventor was forced to abandon the further development of his projects, since the cast-iron rails could not support the weight of his five-ton machine and broke.

With a quick temper, the inventor often acted impulsively, but he had absolutely no business acumen. Trusting an unreliable partner, Trevithick went bankrupt and in 1816 sailed to South America, where they ordered nine of his machines for the Peruvian silver mines. But dreams of prosperity did not come true, and after many adventures associated with participation in the struggle of the Latin American republics against the Spanish monarchy, he returned home in 1827 penniless. During this time, other engineers (think George STEPHENSON) were able to benefit from his inventions and became famous all over the world. And the man who was the first to blaze a new path (in the literal sense of the word) died in poverty and was buried in an unmarked grave.

1773 - Yuri Fedorovich LISYANSKY
(1773 - 6.3.1837), captain of the 1st rank, navigator and explorer.

Lisyansky together with Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern on the ships "Nadezhda" and "Neva" made the first Russian round-the-world expedition. Lisyansky commanded the Neva and discovered one of the Hawaiian Islands named after him (Lisyansky Island). Lisyansky was the first to describe Hawaii in his book Travel Around the World (1812).

1784 - Friedrich WRANGEL
/ Friedrich Heinrich Ernst von WRANGEL /
(1784 — 1.11.1877), Prussian field marshal, count.

1845 - Richard ASMAN
/ Richard ASSMANN /
(1845 — 28.5.1918), German aerologist. (Aerology is a branch of meteorology that studies phenomena in a free atmosphere, where the influence of the Earth is not directly affected.) Invented a psychrometer, which measures the temperature and humidity of the free atmosphere. Azman was also one of the first to establish (1902) the existence of the stratosphere.

1866 - Butch CASSIDY
/ Butch CASSIDY (Robert Leroy PARKER) / / Robert Leroy PARKER /
(1866 — 1937???), legendary American robber.

Calling him a gangster, as it is done in the linguistic and cultural dictionary "Americana", does not turn the tongue. His whole life from birth to death became a legend that only spreads over time. Therefore, let's just take it on faith that he was born on Friday, April 13, although other dates are also named. His grandfather was one of the founders of the Mormon community in Utah, but in the strict religious principles the young man saw only hypocrisy and suppression of the human personality. He left his home and moved to the vast plains of Wyoming, where he joined one of the gangs. Then he bought himself a ranch, but was arrested and sentenced to two years for stealing livestock.

Considering himself unjustly convicted, after his release, he decided that he now has the right to break the law, since he is still treated like a criminal, and organized his own gang of robbers, Wild Bunch, which began to rob banks and trains. His closest companion was SANDANCE KID with a similar fate. Careful development of the raids made it possible to successfully carry out them, and then skillfully evade the pursuit. This was also facilitated by the reputation of Robin Hood, who only robbed the loot and himself did not kill a single person in all the alterations. Realizing that this could not go on indefinitely, Butch tried to end such a life, but the amnesty negotiations were not successful for a number of reasons. Then Butch with a friend and his wife moved to Argentina, where they lived the life of respectable farmers. But even here they were not left alone, and after a few years they had to take up the old again. This time, it was not Pinkerton's agents that were thrown against them, but the regular army.

There is no further reliable information at all. Many years later, there were stories that in 1909 in Bolivia the Sundance Kid was killed and Butch Cassidy committed suicide. All this was refuted by witnesses and researchers, who argued that the friends lived peacefully in the United States and died in 1957 and 1937, respectively. In 1969, the film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, starring Paul NEWMAN and Robert REDFORD, was released and won four Academy Awards. The legend lives on.

1870 - Ivan Nikolaevich PERESTIANI
(1870 — 14.5.1959), Georgian theater and film actor, film director, screenwriter. One of the founders of Georgian cinema, who had 20 years of theater experience before the revolution and who starred in two dozen films before the revolution, began as a director of propaganda films during the Civil War. Subsequently, he shot historical-revolutionary films, staged Georgian classics, and gained particular popularity with the adventure film Red Devils (1923), whose heroes were reborn almost half a century later in the trilogy about the elusive avengers of Edmond KEOSAYAN.

At the same time, in the 1920s, the director actually laid the foundation for what is today called serials, filming four more films about the adventures of young Budennovist intelligence officers.

1883 - Alexander Vasilievich ALEXANDROV
(1883 — 8.7.1946), composer and choral conductor, organizer (1928) and head of the Red Banner Song and Dance Ensemble of the Soviet Army.

1883 - Demyan Poor / Efim Alekseevich PRIVOROV /
(1883 — 25.5.1945), Russian Soviet writer, poet and public figure. He took the pseudonym in connection with his poem "About Demian Poor, a harmful peasant."

Born into a family of lumpenized elements (mother is a brothel keeper, father is a small merchant), descended from among peasants - military settlers. Member of the RSDLP since 1912, from the same year he was published in Pravda. During the Civil War, he conducted campaigning work in the ranks of the Red Army, for which he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in 1923. During the internal party struggle of 1926-1930, he actively and consistently defended the line of STALIN. In the 1930s. Demyan Bedny's popularity is declining, he is increasingly criticized. In 1938 he was expelled from the party and expelled from the Kremlin for the libretto for the comic opera “Heroes”;

Since the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, publications have resumed, but Poor has not been able to fully regain his former position.

The party decree of 24.2.1952 exposed the ideological defeat of D. Bedny's publications in 1950 and 1951. for “gross political distortions”: these editions included the original versions of Poor's works instead of the later, politically revised ones.

1886 - Fyodor Ilyich BARANOV
(1886, Orel - 30.6.1965, Moscow), the creator of the scientific foundations of industrial fishing. Applying for the first time a scientific approach to the organization of fishing and regulation of marine bio-reserves, in 1915 he became a professor at the department of industrial fishing created by him at the Moscow Agricultural Institute and headed it for more than 40 years.

1892 - Robert WATSON-WATT
/ Robert Alexander WATSON-WATT /
(1892 — 5.12.1973), Scottish physicist.

The main achievement of the scientist was the invention of the radar in 1935, which made it possible to create the world's first radar aircraft detection system, which played a significant role in the fight against Nazi air raids on Great Britain during the war years.

1896 (?) - Toma (Oleko) DUNDICH
(13.4.1896 or 12.8.1897 - 8.7.1920), hero of the civil war.

Croatian by nationality, he was captured by Russia in the 1st World War, in the middle of 1917 he joined the Red Guard. During the civil war, he led a partisan detachment, participated in the defense of Tsaritsyn, was the commander of a cavalry division at the headquarters of the 1st Cavalry Army. Already during his lifetime, Dundich, who became a legendary person thanks to his bravery, died in the battle near Rovno.

In literature, he is often called Oleko Dundich. (Previously, all sources called him Toma, now they began to call him Tomo. Both versions of the name are common, but for some reason I doubt that in recent years any additional research has been carried out that allowed such a replacement.)

1897 - Eduard Kazimirovich TISSE
(1897, Liepaja - 11/18/1961), cameraman. Film director Sergei EISENSTEIN together with him shot the best film of all times and peoples "Battleship Potemkin", and their other works were included in the golden fund of Soviet cinema: "October", "Alexander Nevsky", "Ivan the Terrible".

1940 - Vladimir KOZMA , French composer.

1948 - Mikhail Zakharovich SHUFUTINSKY, Russian pop singer. Previously, he performed with various ensembles in Moscow and Magadan in restaurants (sang songs by Alexander VERTINSKY, Peter LESHCHENKO), later became the head of the VIA "Leisya, pesnya", which mainly performed songs by Vyacheslav DOBRYNIN. In 1981 M. Shufutinsky emigrated to the USA with his family. For about ten years he played in various ensembles in restaurants, created his own show - the Ataman - band group (just like the Ataman restaurant).

Once Mikhail came to Los Angeles with a concert and immediately fell in love with this dream city. It was during this period that the Russian restaurant boom in Los Angeles took place. Mikhail, already a famous singer and musician, was invited to work in the Hollywood restaurant "Arbat". For the expatriate performer No. 1, such popularity came as a shock - in the States he could only count on former compatriots. But the US citizen knew the price of success too well to rest on his laurels. Since 1993 M. Shufutinsky constantly comes to Russia on tour.

The repertoire of Mikhail Shufutinsky includes songs by such authors as Vyacheslav DOBRYNIN (“Two candles”), Igor KRUTOY (“3rd September”, “Palma da Mallorca”, “Moscow taxi”, “Moscow does not believe in tears”), Oleg MITYAEV ("The Night Guest"), Alexander ROSENBAUM ("Khreshchatyk", "Come to Our Light", "Gop-Stop"), Oleg GAZMANOV, Igor ZUBKOV, Vaclav LISOVSKY, Olesya ATLANOVA, Karen KAVALERYAN and many others.

1952 - Alexander Viktorovich KUTIKOV , composer, producer, sound engineer, bass player, vocalist. Honored Artist of Russia. In the "Time Machine" group in 1971-1974 and from 1979 to the present.

In 1987 he recorded his first solo songs "Let me dream" and "Who is with me?" on verses by Margarita PUSHKINA. In 1990 he released a solo vinyl record "Dancing on the Roof", which was reissued on CD in 1996. The album was recorded in collaboration with guitarist Dmitry CHETVERGOV and Andrey Derzhavin (future keyboardist of "Time Machine"). It consisted of songs to the verses of Karen KAVALERYAN. Kutikov himself explained the release of the solo disc by the fact that he had accumulated a lot of musical material, and MAKAREVICH, who is very serious about his creative activity, will not be able to quickly write lyrics for new songs. Since December 2003, Kutikov resumed his solo activities, this time together with the Nuance group, at whose concerts he performs songs from his solo album and the Time Machine repertoire. He performed with the Nuance group at the Phoenix festival in Grozny. In an interview, Kutikov talks about the release of a new solo album.

1955 - Irina Mutsuovna HAKAMADA , former State Duma deputy, former government member, former presidential candidate in Russia.

He is the co-chairman of the Russian Public Council for the Development of Education, a member of the Council for Foreign and Defense Policy, a member of the 2008: Free Choice Committee, and heads the Board of Trustees of the VALE Hospice International charitable international fund.

1963 - Garry Kimovich KASPAROV , 13th world chess champion.

Leaving chess, he threw himself into big politics - and drowned.

1971 - Dina Aleksandrovna KORZUN , theater and film actress ("Country of the Deaf", "The Road", "Women's Novel").

1973 - Sergey Vladimirovich "CORD" CORD, leader of the Leningrad group.

They will not have time to classify anyone as an underground, counterculture, as this character is already an indispensable element of the secular crowd, looking at us from the covers of glossy magazines. Apparently, it brings together the language of communication - great and mighty.

1975 - Tatiana Alexandrovna NAVKA , figure skater, 2006 Olympic champion in ice dancing.

Her trainer and husband are Alexander Zhulin. May 2, 2000 gave birth to a daughter, Alexandra. For a long time she lived and trained in Montclair (New Jersey, USA). With the start of the "Stars on Ice" project, she returned to Moscow with her husband and daughter. Participated in the projects of Channel One: "Stars on Ice", "Ice Age" and "Ice Age 2" in tandem with actor Marat BASHAROV ("Stars on Ice"), with actor Ville HAAPASALO ("Ice Age") and with actor Vadim KOLGANOV ("Ice Age 2"). In “Stars on Ice” she won, and in “Ice Age” she became the second.

On September 6, 2008, together with a professional dancer Alexander LITVINENKO, she took part in the ballroom dancing competition "Dance Eurovision", taking 2nd place.

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EVENTS:

1844 “In three days across the Atlantic. The triumph of Monk Mason's flying machine "- with such sensational headlines the newspaper" New York Sun "appeared that day. Then, however, I had to write a refutation that the whole story about the English heroes from a controlled balloon is just a joke invented by Allan Edgar Poe.

1868 - The troops of the British colonialists, who landed on the African coast in December 1867 - January 1868, achieved a military victory over Ethiopia, defeating the Battle of Arog on April 10, and capturing the Magdal fortress on April 13. Emperor Fyodor II of Ethiopia, not wanting to surrender, committed suicide.

1895 - The highest decree was signed on the establishment in the Mikhailovsky Palace of the "Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III" (now the State Russian Museum).

Opened in March 1898.

1902 - In St. Petersburg, the first trolleybus in Russia, manufactured by P. A. FREZE, was tested.

1904, 105 years ago- The Russian squadron under the leadership of Vice-Admiral S.O. MAKAROV left Port Arthur to meet the Japanese fleet. The battleship "Petropavlovsk", on which the commander and artist VV Vereshchagin were located, was blown up by Japanese mines and sank. After the death of the admiral, the squadron under the leadership of Rear Admiral VK VITGEFTA, who took command, could not resist the Japanese, who began to transfer troops to the Kwantung Peninsula.

1925 - The All-Union Society of the Blind was formed.

1928 - The first flight across the Atlantic Ocean from east to west was made by pilots from Germany KÖHL and Irishman James FITZMORIS on a single-engine Junkers aircraft. Together with them was Baron Günther VON GUNEFELD, who financed this event and was hopelessly ill with cancer. Taking off on April 12 from the Irish city of Bladonnell, on April 13 they landed on Greenlee Island near Labrador.

1934, 75 years ago- The operation to rescue the Chelyuskin people in the Arctic has been completed.

1943 - Near Smolensk in the Katyn region, the Germans discovered the mass graves of Polish officers who were shot in the spring of 1940 (almost four and a half thousand people).

After the liberation of this territory by Soviet troops, a special commission was created, which announced that the murder of the Poles was committed by the Nazis. The refusal of the Soviet leadership to conduct an objective investigation and admit the fact of the execution of Polish officers darkened relations between the two countries for many years.

Only in 1990 (and on this very day) it was recognized that the destruction of the Poles was carried out by the NKVD.

1958 - The winner among pianists at the I International Competition. Tchaikovsky in Moscow was the American Van CLIBERN (CLAYBURN). The musician conquered the audience and for many years became the most popular foreign performer in the USSR, and his disc with the recording of Tchaikovsky's First Concerto for Piano and Orchestra released in the USA became the first piece of classical music, which sold over 1 million copies.