Aleksievich at war is not a female face of the exam. ““The war has no woman’s face” (based on the novel of the same name by S Aleksievich). Whoever says that war is not scary knows nothing about war...

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I left my childhood in a dirty car.
In the infantry echelon, in the sanitary platoon ...
I came from school to the dugouts damp,
From the Beautiful Lady to "mother" and "rewind".
Because the name is closer than Russia,
Couldn't find...

Y. Drunina

The theme of the Great Patriotic War gave rise to many outstanding works that describe the life and struggle of the Soviet people against the fascist invaders. Our traditional ideas about war are connected, first of all, with the image of a male soldier, because it was mostly the representatives of the stronger sex who fought. But the scale of that war put women in line as well. They not only rescued and bandaged the wounded, but also fired from a "sniper", undermined bridges, went on reconnaissance missions, and flew airplanes. It is about them, female soldiers, that the story of the Belarusian writer Svetlana Aleksievich “War does not have a woman’s face” is discussed.

In her book, the writer collected the memories of women front-line soldiers who tell about how their life turned out during the war years, and about everything that they saw there, at the front. But this work is not about famous snipers, pilots, tankers, but about “ordinary military girls,” as they call themselves. Taken together, these women's stories paint an image of a war that has no female face at all. There are other words - sister, wife, friend and the highest - mother ... A woman gives life, a woman protects life. Woman and life are synonyms” - this is how S. Aleksievich's book begins. Yes, in our view, a woman is a tender, fragile, harmless creature that itself needs protection. But in those terrible war years, a woman had to become a soldier, go to defend her homeland in order to save the lives of future generations.

After reading the book, I was surprised that such a huge number of women fought during the Great Patriotic War. Although there is probably nothing unusual here. Whenever a threat loomed over the Motherland, a woman stood up for her defense. If we recall the history of Russia and Russia, we can find many examples confirming this. At all times, a Russian woman not only accompanied her husband, son, brother to battle, grieved, waited for them, but in difficult times she herself stood next to them. Even Yaroslavna climbed the fortress wall and poured molten resin on the heads of enemies, helping the men defend the city. And during the Great Patriotic War, a woman shot, killing the enemy, who attacked her house, her children, relatives and friends with unprecedented cruelty. Here is an excerpt from the story of Klavdia Grigorievna Krokhina, senior sergeant, sniper: “We lay down, and I am watching. And now I see: one German got up. I clicked and he fell. And now, you know, I was shaking all over, I was pounding all over. And she wasn't the only one.

It's not a woman's job to kill. All of them could not understand: how is it possible to kill a person? This is a man, although he is an enemy, but a man. But this question gradually disappeared from their consciousness, and it was replaced by hatred of the Nazis for what they did to the people. After all, they mercilessly killed both children and adults, burned people alive, poisoned them with gas. The atrocities of the Nazis, probably, could not give rise to feelings other than fear and hatred. Here is just a single example, although there are hundreds of them in this work. “The gas chambers drove up. All the sick were driven there and taken. Weakened patients who could not move were taken down and laid in the bathhouse. They closed the doors, stuck a pipe from the car through the window, and poisoned them all. Then, just like firewood, these corpses were thrown into the car.”

And how could anyone at that time think about himself, about his life, when the enemy walked around his native land and exterminated people so cruelly. These "ordinary girls" did not think about it, although many of them were sixteen or seventeen years old, like my peers today. They were simple schoolgirls and students who, of course, dreamed of the future. But one day the world for them was divided into the past - what was yesterday: the last school bell, graduation party, first love; and a war that shattered all their dreams. This is how the war began for nurse Lilia Mikhailovna Budko: “The first day of the war ... We are dancing in the evening. We are sixteen years old. We went as a group, seeing one person together, then another... And now, two days later, these guys, cadets of the tank school, who saw us off from the dances, were brought in crippled, in bandages. It was terrible... And I told my mother that I would go to the front.”

And Vera Danilovtseva dreamed of becoming an actress, she was preparing for a theater institute, but the war began, and she went to the front, where she became a sniper, holder of two Orders of Glory. And there are many such stories of crippled lives. Each of these women had her own way to the front, but they were united by one thing - the desire to save the Motherland, protect it from the German invaders and avenge the death of loved ones. “We all had one desire: only to join the draft board and only ask to go to the front,” recalls Tatiana Efimovna Semyonova, a Minsker.

Of course, war is not a woman's business, but these "ordinary girls" were needed at the front. They were ready for a feat, but the girls did not know what an army is and what a war is. After completing six-month, and sometimes even three-month courses, they already had certificates of nurses, were enlisted as sappers, pilots. They already had military cards, but they were not yet soldiers. And about the war, and about the front, they had only bookish, often completely romantic ideas. Therefore, it was difficult for them at the front, especially in the first days, weeks, months. It was hard to get used to constant bombardments, shots, dead and wounded. “I still remember my first wounded. I remember his face... He had an open fracture of the middle third of the thigh. Imagine, a bone sticks out, a shrapnel wound, everything is turned inside out. I knew theoretically what to do, but when I ... saw it, I felt bad, ”recalls Sofya Konstantinovna Dubnyakova, medical instructor, senior sergeant. It was not someone who had to endure at the front, but a girl whom her mother still spoiled and protected before the war, considering her a child. Svetlana Katykhina told how, just before the war, her mother would not let her go to her grandmother without an escort, they say, she was still small, and two months later this “little one” went to the front, became a medical instructor.

Yes, soldier science was not given to them immediately and not easily. It was necessary to put on kirzachi shoes, put on overcoats, get used to the uniform, learn to crawl like a plastuna, dig trenches. But they coped with everything, the girls became excellent soldiers. They showed themselves in this war as brave and hardy warriors. And I think that only thanks to their support, their courage and courage, we were able to win this war. The girls went through all the difficulties and trials in order to save their homeland and protect the life of the future generation.

We wake up under the rays of the sun with the confidence that it will shine on us tomorrow, and in a month, and in a year. And it was precisely in order for us to live carefree and happy, for this “tomorrow” to come, those girls fifty years ago went into battle.

See also: TV version of the play “War has no female face” based on the book by Svetlana Aleksievich (1988, Omsk Drama Theater, directed by G. Trostyanetsky, O. Sokovykh)

War has always been a great sorrow for the people. It is hard to imagine what terrible sacrifices and losses this asocial phenomenon leaves behind.

The enemy was in every sense of the word inhuman. Following the principles of belief in the existence of a superior Aryan race, a myriad of people were destroyed. How many people were driven into slavery, how many perished in concentration camps, how many villages were burned at that time ... The scale of destruction and loss of life is shocking and hardly anyone can be left indifferent.

It seemed that fighting was a man's business. But no! Women also stood up for the defense of the Motherland, who, along with men, endured all the hardships of wartime. Their contribution to the approach of the Great Victory is invaluable.

The writer Boris Vasiliev in his story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet…” describes the life and death of five anti-aircraft gunners. Having come to war of their own free will, almost unable to shoot, they die at the hands of fascist intelligence, defending themselves and their homeland. Women and girls, very young and young, the war does not set boundaries of age and gender, here everyone and everyone is a soldier. There were Germans in the rear, and every soldier felt his duty to the Motherland, Stop and destroy the enemy at any cost. And they will stop him, but at the cost of their lives. The narration is conducted on behalf of the commandant of the junction Vaskov. The whole story is based on his memoirs. Within the framework of the post-war period, there is a story about the past horrors of an inhuman war. And this plays an important role in the ideological and artistic perception of the story. This story is written by a man who has been and gone through the entire war, so the whole of it is written believably and excitingly, with a vivid highlighting of all the horrors of the war. The author devotes his story to the moral problem of the formation and transformation of the character and psyche of the individual in war conditions. The painful theme of war, unfair and cruel, the behavior of different people in its conditions is shown on the example of the heroes of the story. Each of them has his own attitude to the war, his own motives for fighting the Nazis, except for the main ones, and they are all different people. And it is these soldiers, young girls, who will have to prove themselves in the conditions of war; some for the first time and some not. Not all girls show heroism and courage, not all remain firm and steadfast after the first battle, but all the girls die. Only foreman Vaskov remains alive and carries out the execution of the order to the end.

Each character Vasiliev has its own flavor and range of feelings. The events that take place make you empathize with each hero. After reading the story and watching the film adaptation, there is a feeling of pain and pity for the young anti-aircraft gunners who died the death of the brave in the name of the liberation of the Motherland. No one could have known that, given the task of going and capturing two German intelligence officers, a small detachment of six people would stumble upon sixteen Nazi soldiers. Forces are incomparable, but neither the foreman nor the five girls even think of retreating, They do not choose. All five young anti-aircraft gunners are destined to die in this forest. And not everyone will be overtaken by a heroic death. But in the story everything is measured by the same measure. As they said in the war, one life and one death. And all the girls can equally be called the true heroines of the war.

At first glance, what can the responsible, strict Rita Osyanina, the insecure dreamer Galia Chetvertak, the throwing Sonya Gurvich, the silent Liza Brichkina and the mischievous, daring beauty Zhenya Komelkova have in common? But, oddly enough, not even a shadow of misunderstanding arises between them. This is due in no small part to the fact that they were brought together by exceptional circumstances. It is not for nothing that Fedot Evgrafych will later call himself the brother of the girls, it is not without reason that he will take care of the son of the deceased Rita Osyanina. There are still in these six, despite the difference in age, upbringing, education, unity of attitude to life, people, war, devotion to the Motherland and readiness to give their lives for it. The six of them need, by all means, to hold their positions, as if it was for them that "all of Russia came together." And they keep.

Let's consider each character separately. Let's start with the commandant Vaskov Fedot Efgrafovich. Under this character, a lonely person is encrypted. For him, in life, apart from the charters, regulations, orders of the authorities and the department entrusted to him, there was nothing left. The war has taken everything. Therefore, he devoted himself entirely to the service of the Motherland. He lived strictly according to the charter, as prescribed, and imposed this charter on everyone who surrounded him. Many platoons were assigned to him, and he constantly asked his superiors to send him others. The platoons consisted of young guys who did not disdain alcohol and walks with young ladies. All this incredibly annoyed Vaskov and constantly pushed him to another request for a replacement. Of course, such requests irritated the authorities themselves.

The authorities once again did not ignore Vaskov's request. And it's true: the sent anti-aircraft gunners did not drink alcohol. You could also forget about walking with the ladies, because the anti-aircraft gunners themselves are girls! “They sent, then, non-drinkers ...” - this is how the foreman reacted to the arrival of newcomers. It can be understood, a person is used to young men who have the wind in their heads and completely different thoughts, even despite the fact that there is a war going on. And then a crowd of young girls appeared before him, who didn’t really hold a weapon in their hands. And here they are, still unshooted young beauties, come to Vaskov's disposal. In addition to good looks, the newcomers were also sharp-tongued. There were no witty remarks and jokes addressed to the foreman. All this humiliated Vaskov. But the girls themselves were resolute and, moreover, economic. In the life of the commandant, everything has changed. Could he have expected this? And could he know that these clumsy girls would later become almost like family to him? But all this later, but for now - the war, and here we must not forget that even these girls are soldiers. And they have the same debt as Vaskov. Despite his noticeable rudeness, Vaskov takes care of all five anti-aircraft gunners, whom he chose to capture two, as it seemed then, German saboteurs. The image of Vaskov throughout the story is reborn. But not only the foreman himself is the reason. The girls also contributed a lot, each in their own way. Meanwhile, a spark of sympathy runs past Vaskov and the young "savage" Lisa Brichkina. Vaskov trusts her, knowing that she has lived all the time on the cordon in the forest, and therefore she knew every little thing in the forest and noticed everything that did not belong to these little things. Everyone was surprised when Lisa answered the question “Did you notice anything strange?” answered: “The dew has been knocked down from the bushes,” everyone was stunned, especially Vaskov.

Fedot Efgrafovich is having a hard time with the death of the girls. He became spiritually attached to each of them, each of the deaths left a scar on his heart.

All these scars kindled a terrible hatred in the heart of the foreman. The thirst for revenge ruled Vaskov's mind after the death of Rita Osyanina, who asked to take her little son to her. Vaskov would later replace his father.

The Germans also suffered losses and were noticeably weakened. However, all the same, Vaskov was alone against them. The command of the saboteurs remained unscathed. Filled with anger and a desire to avenge the young anti-aircraft gunners, he breaks into the skete (the Germans set up headquarters there) and captures everyone who was in it. Perhaps they did not know the Russian language, but they certainly understood everything that Vaskov laid out for them. He instilled in them fear of the sight of a Russian soldier, whom they deprived of people very dear to him. It became clear that they were now powerless, and they had no choice but to obey the will of Vaskov, who managed to get the better of them. And only then did Vaskov allow himself to “relax” when he saw behind him the girls calling him, hurrying to help him. Vaskov's arm was shot through, but his heart ached many times more. He felt guilty for the death of each of the girls. The death of some could have been prevented if we analyze the circumstances of each of them. Without losing the pouch, he might have avoided the death of Sonya Gurvich; not sending Liza Brichkina on an empty stomach, and more convincingly forcing her to take a proper rest on an island in a swamp, it would also have been possible to avoid her death. But was it possible to know all this in advance? You won't get anyone back. And the last request of Rita Osyanina, the last of the five anti-aircraft gunners, became a real order, which Vaskov simply did not dare to disobey. There is a moment in the story when Vaskov, deprived of that same shot through hand, together with the son of the late Rita, lays flowers on a memorial plaque with the names of all five anti-aircraft gunners. And he raised him as his own, feeling a sense of accomplishment in front of Margarita Osyanina, who died in the name of the Motherland.

The story of Elizaveta Brichkina, who accepted an absurd, but terrible and painful death, is complex. Liza is a silent, somewhat self-contained girl. She lived with her parents on a cordon in the forest. Filled with a sense of hope for happiness and the expectation of a brighter future, she walked through life. She always remembered the parting words of her parents and the promises to her of a “happy tomorrow”. Having lived surrounded by forest, she learned and understood everything related to it. Lisa was an economic and quite adapted to life strong girl. But at the same time she was very vulnerable and sentimental. Before the war, Liza fell in love only once. But the feelings were not mutual. Lisa was worried, but, being strong in spirit, she endured this pain, realizing with her young mind that this was not the last pain and that life would throw a worse test, and in the end, that “tomorrow” that Lisa had dreamed of all her life would certainly come.

Once in the squad of anti-aircraft gunners, Liza was calm and reserved. It was difficult to call her the soul of the company, as, for example, Kiryanov, who loved gossip and jokes about Vaskov to death. Lisa was not a gossip, and therefore did not take part in such conversations. In addition to all this, she liked Vaskov. And she could not help but object to Kiryanova when she began to spread gossip about the commandant in front of everyone. In response, she heard only ridicule. Lisa could not stand it and hurried away with tears. And only Rita, as the squad leader, made a remark to Kiryanova and ran to reassure Lisa, while letting her know that it was necessary to be simpler, and one should not believe such slander.

When Osyanina noticed two German saboteurs, Vaskov began to collect a detachment of five girls. Lisa, without hesitation, asked along with everyone. Vaskov agreed. Throughout the journey, Liza surprised Vaskov, more and more attracting his attention. Vaskov told her like this: “You note everything, Lizaveta, you are a forest person with us ...”. Even when the whole detachment was walking through the swamp, Lisa never stumbled and, moreover, helped the others if someone stumbled, fell through, or simply could not stretch their leg out of the viscous mess. Upon arrival, everyone began to arrange themselves positions for observation. Lisa arranged the place for herself competently and comfortably. Coming to her, Vaskov could not resist the praise. As he was about to leave, he sang a song to her: "Liza, Liza, Lizaveta, why don't you send me greetings ...". Lisa wanted to say how they sing this song in her homeland, but Vaskov gently cut her off: “Later we will sing with you, Lizaveta. Here, we will carry out the combat order and sing ... ". These words inspired hope in the heart of young Lisa. She realized that now her feelings are mutual and the long-awaited happiness is now also close.

Realizing the danger of the situation, when instead of two saboteurs sixteen appeared on the horizon, Vaskov immediately realized who he would send for help. Having given Brichkina all the instructions, he finally said: “Blow, Lizaveta Batkovna!”, joking, of course.

Lisa was in a hurry. She wanted to get help as soon as possible. All the way she thought about the words of Fedot Evgrafovich and warmed herself with the thought that they would definitely fulfill the order and sing. Passing through the swamp, Lisa experienced incredible fear, as the author of "animal horror" tells us. And this is understandable, because when she was walking along with everyone, they would definitely help her if something happened, and now she is alone, in a dead, deaf swamp, where there is not a single living soul who could help her. But Vaskov's words and the proximity of the "cherished stump", which was a guide for Lisa, which means solid ground under her feet, warmed up Lisa's soul and lifted her spirits. But the author decides to take a tragic turn of events.

Seeing a bubble that suddenly appeared, which swelled almost next to her, Lisa stumbles and falls into the very quagmire. Attempts to get out and heart-rending cries for help are in vain. And at the moment when the last moment in Lisa's life has come, the sun appears as a promise of happiness and a symbol of hope. Everyone knows the saying: hope dies last. This is what happened to Lisa. All her hopes disappeared with her into the vile depths of the swamp. The author writes: “... All that remained of her was a skirt, which she tied to the edge of her bed *, and nothing else, not even the hope that help would come.”

Let's take a look at the screen version of the story. In general, the film reflects both the events of the war and peacetime, and the war is filmed in black and white, while peacetime is in color. One of these "color" fragments is the moment in Vaskov's subconscious, when he was sitting on an island in the middle of an impassable swamp and thinking about the senseless death of Lisa, on whom he had high hopes, first of all, on the speedy arrival of help. Before us is a picture: Liza appears on a white background, and somewhere behind the scenes Vaskov. He asks her: the moral character of the girl is war

How are you, Lizaveta?

I was in a hurry, Fedot Yefgrafitch.

Not of her own free will, but Liza let her comrades down. However, the author does not condemn her, on the contrary, he sympathizes with her.

Watching the film, it can be noted that the image of Lisa in the story slightly does not correspond to the image from the film. In the story, Liza is a dreamy and calm, but at the same time a serious girl. Elena Drapeko, who played the role of Brichkina, did not guess the image of the “sentimental and dreamy Liza” a little, while the actress conveyed the rest of her qualities completely and completely. Elena Drapeko even played the death scene without an understudy. Five takes were filmed. Dynamite was blown up and marked with a funnel into which the actress was supposed to plunge. The scene was filmed in November, in the cold mud, but the feelings that Lisa experienced when she was sucked deeper into the quagmire were fully conveyed, the actress herself confirms that she was really scared during the filming.

Unnecessary was the death of Sonya Gurvich, who, trying to do a good deed, dies from an enemy blade. A student preparing for the summer session is forced to fight the German invaders. She and her parents were of the Jewish nation, and the policy of genocide was supposed to destroy, first of all, the Jews. It is not difficult to understand why Sonya ended up in the anti-aircraft detachment. Sonya got into the group that Vaskov recruited because she knew German and could speak. Like Brichkin, Sonya was quiet. In addition, she was very fond of poetry and often read them aloud, either to herself or to her comrades. Vaskov, for the sake of clarity, called her a translator and tried to protect her from danger. Before "forcing" the swamp, he ordered Brichkina to take her duffel bag and told her to follow him, then only everyone else. Vaskov dropped his commemorative tobacco pouch. Sonya understood his feelings about the loss and decided to help him. Remembering where she saw this pouch, Sonya rushed in search of him. Vaskov ordered her to return in a whisper, but Sonya no longer heard him. A German soldier who grabbed her plunged a knife into her chest. Not expecting that the girl would be in front, he made two blows with a knife, because the first of them did not immediately hit the heart. So Sonya managed to scream. Deciding to do a good deed to her boss, Sonya Gurvich passed away.

The death of Sonya was the first loss of the detachment. That is why everyone, especially Vaskov, took her very seriously. Vaskov blamed himself for her death, talking about how Sonya could have lived if she had obeyed him and remained in place. But nothing could be done. She was buried, and Vaskov removed the buttonholes from her tunic. He will subsequently remove the same buttonholes from all the tunics of the dead girls.

The next three characters can be viewed at the same time. These are the images of Rita Osyanina (Mushtakov's maiden name), Zhenya Komelkova and Gali Chetvertak. These three girls have always stuck together. Young tore Zhenya was incredibly good-looking. Cheerful "laughter" had a difficult life story. Before her eyes, the whole family was killed, a loved one died, so she had her own personal scores with the Germans. She, along with Sonya, fell into the hands of Vaskov a little later than the others, but nevertheless they immediately joined the team. With Rita, she also did not immediately become friends, but after a sincere conversation, both girls saw good friends in themselves. They also did not immediately accept the nondescript Galya into their “company”. Galya showed herself as a good person who will not betray and give the last piece of bread to a friend. Having managed to keep Rita's secret, Galya became one of them.

Young Galya lived in an orphanage. She got to the front by deceit. But wanting to help the Red Army, she boldly deceived, lying about her age. Galya was very timid. From early childhood, deprived of maternal warmth and care, she invented stories for herself about her mother, believing that she was not an orphan, that her mother would return and take her away. Everyone laughed at these stories, and the unfortunate Galya swallowed the pain into herself and tried to come up with other stories to amuse others.

Passing through the swamp, Galya “drowned” her boot before reaching the shore. Vaskov made her a "chunya" by tying the spruce branches around her leg with ropes. However, Galya still caught a cold. Vaskov covered her with his cap and gave her alcohol to drink, in the hope that Galya would feel better in the morning. After Sonya's death, Vaskov orders her boots to be put on. Galya immediately resisted, starting to invent another story about a non-existent mother who works as a doctor and forbids taking off shoes from a dead person. Rita severely cut her off, telling everyone that she was a foundling, and there was no trace of her mother. Zhenya stood up for Galya. During the war it is very important to stick together and not quarrel. It is necessary to stand up for each other and cherish each, because one of them may not be tomorrow. Zhenya says so: “Now we need it without malice, otherwise we will go berserk like the Germans ...”.

Gali's death can be called stupid. Giving in to fright, she takes off and runs screaming. A German bullet instantly overtakes her and Galya dies.

Rita Osyanina managed to get married and give birth to a son in her nineteen years. By this, she aroused terrible envy from her “colleagues”. Her husband died in the first days of the war. Rita herself went into anti-aircraft gunners, wanting to avenge her husband's death. Having got us a junction, Rita at night began to run away to the city to her son and sick mother, returning in the morning. One day on the same morning, Rita stumbled upon those two unfortunate saboteurs who brought so much trouble and loss to the entire department.

Left alone with Vaskov and Zhenya, it was necessary to stop the enemy in every possible way, to prevent him from reaching the Kirov railway. It was useless to wait for help, ammunition was running out. At this moment, the heroism of the remaining girls and foreman Vaskov is manifested. Rita was injured and was gradually losing blood. Zhenya, with the last bullets, began to lead the Germans away from her wounded friend, giving Vaskov time to help Rita. Zhenya accepted a heroic death. She was not afraid to die. The last cartridges ran out, but Zhenya did not lose her self-esteem and died with her head held high, not surrendering to the enemy. Her last words meant that by killing one soldier, even a girl, you would not kill the entire Soviet Union. Zhenya literally cursed before her death, laying out everything that hurt her.

Not the entire German detachment was defeated. Rita and Vaskov were well aware of this. Rita felt that she was losing a lot of blood and that she was running out of strength asking Vaskov to take her son to her and look after her mother. Then she confesses to her nightly escapes from the location. What's the difference now? Rita clearly understood that death was inevitable, and therefore opened up to Vaskov. Rita could have survived, but why did she decide to commit suicide? Vaskov was left alone. Rita is wounded, moreover, she could not walk. Vaskov alone could quite calmly get out and bring help. But he would never leave a wounded soldier behind. And together with Rita, he will become an accessible target. Rita did not want to be a burden for him and decides to commit suicide, trying to help her foreman with this. The death of Rita Osyanina is psychologically the most difficult moment in the story. B. Vasiliev very accurately conveys the state of a young twenty-year-old girl, who is well aware that her wound is fatal and that, apart from torment, nothing awaits her. But at the same time, she cared about only one thought: she thought about her little son, realizing that her timid, sickly mother was unlikely to be able to raise her grandson. The strength of Fedot Vaskov is that he knows how to find the most accurate words at the right time, so you can trust him. And when he says: “Don't worry, Rita, I understood everything,” it becomes clear that he really will never leave little Alik Osyanin, but most likely will adopt him and raise him as an honest person. The description of the death of Rita Osyanina in the story takes only a few lines. At first, a shot sounded quietly. “Rita shot in the temple, and there was almost no blood. Blue powders densely bordered the bullet hole, and for some reason Vaskov looked at them for an especially long time. Then he took Rita aside and began to dig a hole in the place where she had previously been lying.

The subtext inherent in the author's manner of B. Vasilyev allows you to read between the lines that Vaskov kept his word, he adopted Rita's son, who became a rocket captain, that all these years Vaskov remembered the dead girls and, most importantly, the respect of modern young people for military past. An unknown young man wanted to help carry the marble slab to the grave, but did not dare. I was afraid to hurt someone's holy feelings. And while people on earth will experience such respect for the fallen, there will be no war - this is it, the main meaning of the news "The dawns here are quiet ..."

It would seem how simple and everyday everything is, and how creepy this everyday life becomes. Such beautiful, young, absolutely healthy girls go into oblivion. This is the horror of war! That is why it should not have a place on earth. In addition, B. Vasilyev emphasizes that someone needs to answer for the death of these girls, perhaps later, in the future. Sergeant Vaskov speaks about this simply and intelligibly: “While the war is clear. And then when will there be peace? Will it be clear why you had to die? Why didn’t I let these Fritz go further, why did I make such a decision? What to answer when they ask: why couldn’t you, men, protect our mothers from bullets? Why did you marry them with death, and you yourself are whole? After all, someone will have to answer these questions. But who? Perhaps all of us.

The tragedy and absurdity of what is happening is emphasized by the fabulous beauty of Legontov Skete, located next to the lake. And here, in the midst of death and blood, "the silence of the grave stood, as much as ringing in the ears." So, war is an unnatural phenomenon. War becomes doubly terrible when women die, because it is then, according to B. Vasiliev, that “the thread leading to the future breaks.” But the future, fortunately, turns out to be not only “eternal”, but also grateful. It is no coincidence that in the epilogue, a student who came to rest on Legontovo Lake wrote in a letter to a friend: “Here, it turns out, they fought, old man. We fought when we were not yet in the world ... We found a grave - it is behind the river, in the forest ... And the dawns are quiet here, I just saw it today. And clean, clean, like tears ... ”In the story of B. Vasiliev, the world triumphs. The feat of the girls is not forgotten, the memory of them will be an eternal reminder that "war does not have a woman's face."

The writer S. Aleksievich made an attempt to solve an important problem related to the preservation of the memory of the feat accomplished by women - military personnel who had to fight in the Great Patriotic War. The author held meetings with front-line soldiers in order to capture their stories on paper, thus making an attempt to answer topical questions: “Is a woman obliged to fight?”, “What forced women to be brave and courageous during the war years?”, “What was the reason for women to take up arms?

According to S.

Aleksievich, the woman was forced to turn into a soldier, and bring the greatest sacrifice to the altar of Victory. She had the opportunity, along with men, to perform the most difficult duties at the front. In particular, women occupied command positions. At least 800 thousand women had to go to the front, and many of them did it voluntarily. The author directly names the reason for the large-scale demobilization of women and their mass heroism: a challenge was thrown "... On the scales of history ...": to be the people and the state, or not to be.

The inscription left by one of the heroines on the defeated Reichstag is striking, saying that she is going to the front: "... came ... to kill the war." The position of S. Aleksievich is clearly defined: a woman by nature does not want to kill, however, if a mortal danger becomes a threat to her country, children and home, then the woman is ready to turn into a soldier. There is no desire to dispute such an opinion, it is so true.

The poetess Yulia Drunina had to go to the front while still a young girl. Her front-line friend Zina Samsonova found her death near the city of Orsha in battle. After the commander died, Zinaida began to independently command the battle, raising the fighters to attack. However, her life was cut short by an enemy bullet ... The memory of her fighting friend was captured by Drunina in the poem "Zinka".

A woman should not be at war, as this is contrary to her nature. This is wrong and cruel. However, if something goes wrong, thousands of our contemporaries will stand up today to defend Russia.

Updated: 2017-02-28

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On the eve of the war, on a fine June day, millions of people lived according to a peaceful calendar. At dawn on June 22, 1941, for the entire Soviet people, at the same hour, at the same minute, an entire era ended and a new one broke in with terrible, stunning suddenness.

Writers, historians, journalists, commanders and veteran warriors - who just did not take up the pen to resurrect before us that moment of an unexpected shift in the life of the whole country, the consequences of which affected and are affecting the whole chain of subsequent generations! Their books about the war are of great historical and spiritual value, as living evidence of all that many-sided and incomprehensible that made up the years of unprecedented confrontation between the two worlds.

A woman at war - that's what connects the works of B. Vasiliev and S. Aleksievich. In an interview with a newspaper journalist > to the question: > Svetlana Aleksievich replied: >. War has no feminine face. But from now on, after the books of B. Vasiliev and S. Aleksievich, the face of the past war, the Patriotic War, bears a big truth about the price paid by our people for the victory - the lives, blood, torments of their soldiers' daughters, sisters, mothers.

The Tale > is a poignant and tragic story of a war that took place far from the front and showed the best human and civic qualities in girls who became defenders of the Fatherland. Five female anti-aircraft gunners, led by foreman Vaskov, in May 1942, at a distant junction, confronted a detachment of selected German paratrooper saboteurs. Fragile girls engage in mortal combat with strong, trained to kill men. Aleksievich's book > is not a novel or a story, this book is a documentary. It is made up of records, stories of hundreds of women front-line soldiers: doctors, signalmen, sappers, pilots, snipers, shooters, anti-aircraft gunners, paratroopers, sailors, traffic controllers, drivers, ordinary field bath and laundry detachments, cooks, testimonies of partisans and underground workers are collected. >, - wrote Marshal of the Soviet Union A. I. Eremenko. Among the girls were Komsomol members of the tank battalion, and heavy tank drivers, and in the infantry - machine-gun company commanders, submachine gunners, although in our language the words >, >, > do not have a feminine gender, because this work has never been done by a woman.

In the most terrible war of the 20th century, a woman had to become a soldier. She not only rescued, bandaged the wounded, but also shot from>, bombed, undermined bridges, went on reconnaissance, took>. The woman killed. She killed the enemy, who fell with unprecedented cruelty on her land, on her house, on her children. But nothing is forgotten, how can a person forget such a thing. We who have not experienced this, or today's young people - do we have the right not to try to find out about everything that they endured, experienced, suffered, they did for us, women!? History does not die. She is a part of ourselves, our feat, our yesterday. Searches expanded, the names of the living and the dead were resurrected. The theme of the Great Patriotic War is an unusual theme. Unusual, because so much has been written about the war that a whole book is not enough, if you remember only the titles of the works. The date of May 9 fills hearts with pride for the feat of the multinational Soviet people who won the battle against fascism, and with sadness: millions of sons and daughters of the Fatherland have forever remained lying in their own and in foreign lands. Unusual, because it never ceases to excite people, piercing old wounds and the soul with the pain of the heart. Unusual, because memory and history merged together in it.

How many girls, so many destinies: everyone is different. But in one thing they are still similar: all destinies were broken, disfigured by the war. Having received an order not to let the Germans through to the railway, the girls carried it out at the cost of their own lives. 5 girls and a foreman - these are the main characters of the story > They are all so different, but so similar.

Rita Osyanina, strong-willed and gentle, rich in spiritual beauty. She is the most courageous, fearless, strong-willed, she is a mother! She married > in less than eighteen years. She sent her son Alik to his parents. Her husband died heroically on the second day of the war.

Zhenya Komelkova is cheerful, funny, beautiful, mischievous to the point of adventurism, desperate and tired of war, pain and love. The first beauty of the trip, grew up in a good family. She loved to have fun, and one fine day she fell in love with Colonel Luzhin. It was he who picked her up at the front. He had a family, and Zhenya was sent to this siding for contact with him.

Sonya Gurvich is the embodiment of an excellent student and a poetic nature - a "beautiful stranger" who came out of a volume of poetry by A. Blok. She is an orphan, her parents most likely died in Minsk. At that time she was studying in Moscow, preparing for the session. In the detachment, she was a translator.

Galya Chetvertak asked to go to war because she dreamed of a heroic deed. The real world, however, demanded not heroic impulses, but the strict execution of military regulations. And she was confused, could not overcome fear.

Liza Brichkina - >

Galya, who never grew up, is a funny and childishly clumsy orphanage girl. Notes, escape from the orphanage and also dreams. become the new Lyubov Orlova. None of them had time to fulfill their dreams, they just did not have time to live their own lives.

Death was different for everyone, just as their fates were different: for Rita - an effort of will and a shot in the temple, for Zhenya - desperate and a little reckless (she could hide and stay alive, but did not hide); Sonya has a dagger in the heart; with Gali - as sickly and helpless as she herself, with Liza - "Ah, Liza-Lizaveta, she did not have time, she could not overcome the quagmire of war." And there remains the foreman Vaskov, whom I have not mentioned yet, alone. One in the midst of trouble, torment, one with death, one with three prisoners. Is it one? Five times his strength now. And what was best in him, human, but hidden in his soul, everything suddenly revealed, and what he experienced, he felt for himself and for them, for his girls, for him>. All five girls died, but each of them carries some kind of vital principle, and all of them together personify the feminine principle of life.

We are accustomed to the fact that in war there is no place for sentimentality and tenderness, and the word "hero" in our understanding is necessarily a fighter, a soldier, in a word, a man. Everyone knows the names: Zhukov, Rokossovsky, Panfilov and many others, but few people know the names of those girls who went straight from the graduation ball to the war, without which, perhaps, there would be no victory.

Few people know that nurses, under the whistle of bullets, pulled out wounded soldiers from the battlefield. If for a man the defense of the Fatherland is a duty, a sacred duty, then women went to the front voluntarily. They were not taken because of their young age, but they still went. They went and mastered professions that were previously considered only male: pilot, tanker, anti-aircraft gunner. They went and killed enemies no worse than men. It was difficult for them, but they still went. It just so happens that our memory of the war and all our ideas about the war are masculine. This is understandable: it was mostly men who fought, although hundreds of books have been written about women who participated in the Great Patriotic War, there is considerable memoir literature, and it convinces us that we are dealing with a historical phenomenon. Never before in the history of mankind have so many women participated in war. The Great Patriotic War gave the world an example of the mass participation of Soviet women in the defense of their homeland.

Women's memory covers that continent of human feelings in war, which usually eludes men's attention. If a man was captured by war as an action, then a woman felt and endured it differently due to her psychology: bombing, death, suffering - for her, the whole war is not yet. A woman felt more strongly, again due to her psychological and physiological characteristics, the reloading of the war - physical and moral, it was more difficult for her to endure > wars. And what she remembered, brought out of the deadly hell, today has become a unique spiritual experience, an experience of boundless human possibilities that we have no right to forget.

Not famous snipers, not famous pilots or partisans, but ordinary girls are the heroes of the book by S. Aleksievich. >, - said Alexandra Iosifovna Mishutina, sergeant, medical instructor. In the words of a simple woman who went through the whole war, then got married, gave birth to three children, and the main idea of ​​the book is concluded. Taken together, the women's stories paint the face of a war that is not at all a woman's face. They sound like evidence-accusations of yesterday's fascism, today's fascism, and future fascism. Fascism is blamed on mothers, sisters, wives. Fascism is blamed by a woman. Nobody wanted to put up with the fact that a fascist walks on your land.

From the memoirs of Vera Iosifovna Odinets: > She pressed such a mark

And laid so many on the ground,

That twenty years and thirty years

The living can't believe they're alive.

K. Simonov

Sofya Konstantinovna Dubnyakova was a medical officer during the war, but do you know what it is, a tank company medical officer? The tanks rushed to the attack, and she, an eighteen-year-old girl, should be there when her help is needed. There is no place for a medical officer in the car: God forbid to squeeze in all the shooters and the leading tanks. Clinging to the iron brackets, yesterday's schoolgirl sprawled over the armor, and one thought in her - not about cutting fragments, bullets - about not dragging her legs into the caterpillars. And you need to watch and not miss the moment if someone's tank caught fire: run, crawl, climb up and help the wounded, burned tankers get up before the ammunition explodes. > - > And here is what the nurse Maria Seliverstovna Bozhok remembered: >.

I left my childhood in a dirty car,

In the infantry echelon, in the sanitary platoon.

Distant breaks listened and did not listen

Accustomed to everything forty-first year.

I came from school to the dugouts damp,

From the Beautiful Lady in > and >.

Because the name is closer than Russia

Couldn't find.

Y. Drunina

Woman and war are incompatible concepts, if only because a woman gives life, while any war is, first of all, murder. It was difficult for any person to take the life of his own kind, but what was it like for a woman in whom, according to B. Vasiliev, hatred for murder is inherent in her very nature? In his story, the writer showed very well what it was like for a girl - to kill for the first time, even an enemy. Rita Osyanina hated the Nazis quietly and mercilessly. But it's one thing to wish someone dead, and quite another to kill yourself. > To calmly kill, it was necessary to get used to the soul stale. This is also a feat and at the same time a huge sacrifice of our women, who, for the sake of life on earth, had to step over themselves, go against their nature. By the end of the story, all the main characters die, and with the death of each, a small thread with > breaks. From chapter to chapter, bitterness grows from the irretrievability of losses. In the last chapter, the words of the foreman sound like a kind of requiem: >. It is at this moment that you really deeply comprehend the meaning of the words of the dying Rita Osyanina about her understanding of love for the Motherland and the sacred duty of every person to her: >. The words of Rita Osyanina are lofty, solemn and at the same time so natural in the dying moment. They sound like a testament from a mother to her son, to the younger generation who will live after her, relieve Vaskov's mental anguish and suffering, justify the inevitability of a tragic outcome. These words also reveal the common fate of the generation of Rita Osyanina - >, whose feat was dictated by a high sense of duty to the Motherland and its people.

"And the dawns here are quiet, quiet, I only saw it today >> Everything will pass, but the place will remain the same. Quiet, silent, beautiful, and only marble gravestones will turn white, reminding of what has already passed.

I sometimes feel connected

Between those who are alive

And who is taken away by the war.

No, nothing is forgotten.

No, no one is forgotten

Even that one.

Who lies in an unknown grave.

Y. Drunina

The war changed them. The war shaped, because it caught at the age of folding character, outlook on life. The war forced them to see a lot, a lot of things that it would be better for a person not to see at all, especially for a woman. The war made me think about many things, about war and evil, for example. About life and death. About those questions that a person learns to answer to some extent, having lived his life. And they were just getting started.

In war, they not only shoot, bomb, go hand-to-hand, dig trenches - they also wash clothes there, boil porridge, bake bread. In order for a soldier to fight well, he must be dressed, shod, fed, washed, otherwise he will be a bad soldier. There are many examples in military history when a dirty and hungry army was defeated just because it was dirty and hungry. The army went ahead, and behind it > -washerwomen, bakers, cooks.

Recalls Valentina Kuzminichna Borshchevskaya, lieutenant, political officer of the field laundry detachment: >, >, and one laundress was awarded the Order of the Red Star. The best laundress, she did not leave the trough: it happened that everyone no longer had strength, they fell, and she erased. It was an elderly woman.>> How do we count our lives? Usually we divide it by the time before the first love, before the first child, before the institute, after the institute, and they, to these marks of human life, add the word >, with the obligatory prefix > and >: what was before the war, what was in the war, what is after .

Was it possible to defeat a people whose woman, in the most difficult hour, when the scales of history swayed so terribly, dragged from the battlefield both her wounded and someone else's wounded soldier? Is it possible to believe that the people whose woman wanted to give birth to a girl and believed that she would have a different, not her fate, that this people wants war? Did a woman save her life in the name of this - was she a mother, daughter, wife, sister and Soldier?

But even on the eve of the war, on a fine June day, millions of people lived according to a peaceful calendar. But at dawn on June 22, 1941, for the entire Soviet people, at the same hour, at the same minute, an entire era ended and a new one broke in with terrible, stunning suddenness.

A woman for me is the embodiment of the harmony of life. And war is always disharmony. And a woman at war is the most incredible, incongruous combination of phenomena.

War is a terrible word, because it brings death, grief, suffering. We associate war with men,

With soldiers. Everything that we know about a woman is best "fit" in the word "mercy". There are other words: sister, wife, and the highest - mother. A woman gives life, a woman protects life, a woman and life are synonymous words. In the most terrible war of the twentieth century, a woman had to become a soldier. She not only saved, bandaged the wounded, but also shot, bombed, went on reconnaissance. The woman killed. But this is not a woman's lot. One of the women who reached Berlin will sign on the walls of the defeated Reichstag: “I, Sofya Kuntsevich, came to Berlin to kill the war.” We, fortunately, know about the war only from the stories of veterans, from books and films.

When you start reading B. Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet", you don't even imagine such a tragic ending. The work is based on a small episode, quite insignificant on the scale of the Great Patriotic War, but it is told about it in such a way that it reflects all the tragedy of the past war. The heroines of the story are Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Galya Chetvertak, Sonya Gurvich. Five girls who did not want war and did not think about death. But life took a different course.

When you read the story, it becomes painful for the dead girls. None of them managed to fulfill their dreams. They gave their lives so that the “dawns were quiet”, so that we, the current generation of girls and boys, would live happily. Reading the story, you begin to understand how terrible and terrible it is to die at twenty. All aspirations, dreams come to an end on a piece of lead, a knife blade, in a swampy swamp. The girls were heroic. Of course they were scared. Let us recall the words of Yulia Drunina: “Whoever says that it is not scary in war knows nothing about war.” Five girls, together with their commander, foreman Vaskov, crossed the swamp, and did not lose heart at the first meeting with the Germans. They acted with extraordinary caution, were very resourceful.

Everyone probably remembered the episode when a small detachment of anti-aircraft gunners led by Vaskov, in order to deceive the Nazis and force them to take a long road around the river, made a noise in the forest, pretending to be lumberjacks. The desperate courage, dedication, and willpower of Zhenya Komelkova, who rushed to swim in the icy water, admire. It's a shame for the ridiculous death of Sonya Gurvich and Gali Chetvertak. But they can be understood: they are young, confused, defenseless girls who were not ready for war.

Many works have been written about the war, but the story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet.” - an unusual work, perhaps because B. Vasilyev was able to show an unusual facet of war, which is perceived with particular pain. He showed young girls who won war and death. Zhenya Komelkova and Rita Osyanina, Liza Brichkina and Galya Chetvertak, Sonya Gurvich will forever remain young for us, just as all women front-line soldiers will be forever young.

And never believe that women were not afraid, that they did not want to love, did not want to be gentle wives, caring mothers. Their love and youth were taken away by the war. It has become a school of life for them. Yulia Drunina, who went through the war, will say this about her youth:

I don’t know where I learned tenderness, -

Don't ask me about it.

Soldiers' graves grow in the steppe,

My youth is wearing an overcoat.

A woman and war are incompatible concepts, because a woman is the keeper of the hearth, she brings good with her. creation, and war is destruction and evil.