Children and war - there is no more terrible convergence of opposite things in the world ...

A.T. Tvardovsky

In addition, if you, Dear readers, have a desire to tell your children about this unprecedented page in the history of the Soviet people, I ask you to use the information provided if you do not have a more worthy source of information that inspires your confidence, for below I will talk about the monstrous blunders that I discovered on the net while preparing this publication.

I would especially like to note that before starting work on the material, I did not set myself the goal of identifying any blunders, exposing hacks and so on. This happened during the preparation of the publication. Maybe it's for the best.

I started writing this post right after the weekend dedicated to the beautiful holiday of Spring and our amazing Women. There is a lot of information on the Internet about the exploits of the pioneers during the Great Patriotic War (more on that below), but the catalyst was one conversation that happened to me with a contemporary peer of heroic girls and guys, during which I managed to find out that the term "pioneer heroes" as such, is virtually unfamiliar to the younger generation. No, I'm not talking about the vile encroachments of the ministers of "educational services" on the term itself, with a clever substitution of it for "children-heroes" or "peers-heroes", which has a place to be more than! I'm talking about the fact that in modern "centers of educational services" and "gymnasiums" (ugh, what an abomination), exactly one hour is given to this categorically - the most heroic episode of the Great Patriotic War! ONE hour and that's it! Is it any wonder the sudden appearance in the country of little boys and other stinking scum.

It was like that in my childhood! October star named after Valya Kotik, a pioneer squad proudly bearing the name of Marat Kazei! And of course - a stand in the red corner, containing the necessary information about the most significant exploits of the guys.

And this is how children learn about them today ... This is a picture from the brochure "Class hour for elementary school students" Peer Heroes during the Great Patriotic War ", which provides information about a dozen Heroes with a text for a couple of lines about each.

And this is not the limit! That's what I managed to find in the preparation of this material. I don’t know where this craft comes from and why it hangs in tyrnets, but this is such a grandiose obscene and provocative hack that I have no words other than obscene language!

What is the obscenity? - a thoughtful reader will take an interest ... And he will be right! At first glance - nothing provocative. Just think, a small falsification of historical reality, the content has not changed. I might even put up with such a formulation of the question, because the main thing is to convey to our children the knowledge of the heroism of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War, including on the example of peers who gave their lives for their homeland in the fight against the Nazi reptile. I repeat, I could close my eyes to the fact that they shamefully hide from children the fact that these Heroes died with the names of Lenin and Stalin in their hearts! Look how scrupulously the guys have a pioneer tie... And with what! The symbol of victory! Cunning! But this is not the worst.

We look and wonder.

Kirya Baev

(1903-1919) - partisan scout in the detachment of the red commander I.V. Gromov during the Civil War, pioneer hero.

Misha Gavrilov

(1904 - 1919) - was born in Uralsk, in a proletarian family, started working early, distributed Bolshevik leaflets. With the outbreak of the Civil War, Misha joined the Reds, but not anywhere, but in the 25th Chapaev division, where the smart kid was noticed by CHAPAEV himself.

His feat lies in the fact that by killing a Cossack officer, he took possession of the plan for the assault on Uralsk. The story of Alexander Dubovitsky “The Country Will Not Forget” was dedicated to the young Red Army soldier, which, however, according to some local historians, cannot claim to be authentic. During the defense of Uralsk in 1919, Misha Gavrilov died heroically.

In 1958, a monument was erected to Misha in front of the Pedagogical Institute. According to the traditions of that time, pioneers earned money for the monument, tirelessly collecting waste paper and scrap metal. Currently, the monument is under threat of demolition by decision of local authorities.

And even that's not all!

Here is one of the sites issued by the search engine in the first lines ( thank the granfather for the victory http://cpacibodedu.ru/article/...), dedicated to the Second World War, where, of course, there is also a section on pioneer heroes.

And what do we see there? (The names of the guys who died during the Civil War are highlighted)

List of pioneers - heroes of the Great Patriotic War

Galya Komleva

Grisha Hakobyan

Zina Portnova, Hero of the Soviet Union

Camilia Shaga

Kirya Baev

Kolya Myagotin

Lara Mikheenko

Lenya Ankinovich

Lenya Golikov, Hero of the Soviet Union

Lida Vashkevich

Lida Matveeva

Lucy Gerasimenko

Marat Kazei, Hero of the Soviet Union

Maria Mukhina

Marx Krotov

Misha Gavrilov

Nadia Bogdanova

Nina Kukoverova

Nina Sagaydak

Pavlik Morozov

I wrote a small hello to the site moderator, and, unable to resist, flavored it with obscene vocabulary. Be careful citizens! Negligence, ignorance and amateurism are becoming signs of the era.

But I'm not talking about these, of course, heroic guys who gave their lives for the future of their people. For many, this is a controversial page in the history of the Motherland, and I do not intend to kindle fires of misunderstanding on this basis at the moment! History will judge us, in any case!

And I will keep silent about the hacks who demonstrate simply mythical stupidity, allowing confusion with the Heroes' awards in their publications, appropriating awards at their own will, apparently. A striking example is Vasya Korobko and Vitya Korobkov. Only the first of them was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Red Banner of Battle, while the second was awarded the medal "For Courage". Similar blunders on the Internet are more than enough.

Here is a small article from one Ukrainian edition for 2012.

Monument to Vita Korobkov

A monument to the partisan pioneer Vita Korobkov was erected in Feodosia in the park along Gorky Street. The authors are sculptor V. M. Podelsky and architect V. S. Kupriyanov. Fundraising for the construction of the monument was organized on the initiative of Komsomol members in 1957. In June 1959, at a citywide rally, the monument was unveiled.

The monument was made using traditional composite-plastic techniques for the 1950s. All the details are carefully worked out, down to the smallest folds of clothing. Clinging to a rock, the boy clutches a grenade in his hand. Vitya Korobkov, as the sculptor depicts him, is the embodiment of hot youthful courage and fearlessness in the face of death. The young hero is captured at the moment of intense anticipation of the upcoming battle with the hated enemy. The bronze sculpture is set on a pedestal of polished dark gray marble.

Under the USSR, a pioneer tie was always tied on the monument.

Several patriotic groups operated in Feodosia during the Great Patriotic War. An army intelligence officer, a master of typolithography, Mikhail Ivanovich Korobkov, worked in contact with them. His son Victor helped him.

In the year the war began, the boy was twelve years old. Through him, communication was maintained between members of the patriotic group. Together with his father, he performed the tasks of the command of the Eastern Partisan Unit.

On February 16, 1944, they came from the forest to the city with the next task, and two days later they were arrested by the Nazis. Patriots were sent to the Starokrymsk prison; here the Nazi executioners interrogated and tortured the Korobkovs for more than two weeks. Then they executed the father. On March 9, the life of a young intelligence officer was cut short ... Five days before the execution, Vitya Korobkov turned fifteen years old. One month remained before the liberation of Feodosia from the German invaders.

The name of Vitya Korobkov is now carried by one of the streets of Feodosia and the secondary school No. 4, where he studied. In 1959, a monument to the partisan pioneer was erected in the park on Gorky Street on the site of the Good Genius fountain, which disappeared during the Great Patriotic War.

The inscription on the monument

An inscription is carved on the pedestal: “To the glorious partisan pioneer Vitya Korobkov, who died in the fight against the Nazi invaders on March 9, 1944. From the pioneers of Ukraine.

GOOD MATERIAL COLLECTED HERE: FORGOTTEN PIONEER HEROES PART 3.

Hero pioneers awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union - five (formally):

Lenya Golikov (1944)

Marat Kazei (1965)

Valya Kotik (1958)

Zina Portnova (1958)

Alexander Chekalin (1942)

LENYA GOLIKOV

Leonid Alexandrovich Golikov (June 17, 1926, Lukino village, Starorussky district, Novgorod province, USSR - January 24, 1943, Sharp Luka, Pskov region, USSR) - partisan, Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).

Why Lyonya can be formally considered among the pioneers - below.

Lenya Golikov was born into a working-class family and, like most young Heroes, his pre-war biography is not particularly remarkable - he graduated from seven grades of school, managed to work at a plywood factory. It was from this plywood that the first Russian multi-engine bombers Ilya Muromets and Svyatogor were made. According to the regulations on the pioneer organization, its members at that time could be persons aged 9 to 14 years. On June 17, 1941, Lena Golikov turned 15, that is, he finally left the pioneer age a few days before the war.

The area of ​​the village of Lukino was under Nazi occupation, but was recaptured in March 1942. It was during this period that a partisan brigade was formed on the liberated territory by the decision of the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement from among the fighters of the previously operating partisan detachments, as well as young volunteers, which was supposed to go to the enemy rear to continue the fight against the Nazis. Among the guys and girls who survived the occupation and wanted to fight the enemy was Lenya Golikov, who at first was not accepted. Lena at that time was 15, and the commanders who selected the fighters felt that he was too young. They took him thanks to the recommendation of a school teacher, who also joined the partisans, and assured that "the student will not let you down."

The student really did not disappoint - as part of the 4th Leningrad partisan brigade, he took part in 27 military operations, chalking up several dozen destroyed Nazis, 10 destroyed vehicles with ammunition, more than a dozen blown up bridges, etc. His first award , the medal "For Courage", Lenya Golikov received already in July 1942. Everyone who knew Lenya when he was a partisan noted his courage and courage. One day, returning from reconnaissance, Lenya went to the outskirts of the village, where he found five Germans looting in the apiary. The Nazis were so engrossed in extracting honey and brushing off bees that they put their weapons aside. The scout took advantage of this, destroying three Germans. The remaining two fled.

One of Leni's most striking operations took place on August 13, 1942, when on the Luga-Pskov highway, a detachment of partisans attacked a car in which the German Major General of the Engineering Troops Richard von Wirtz was located.

The Nazis put up fierce resistance, but Lenya, having reached the car, together with his partner, grabbed a suitcase with valuable documents. The documents were forwarded to the Soviet command, and Lenya himself was presented to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. However, the documents, apparently, were not so significant - in November 1942, Lenya was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for this feat.

Alas, the partisan biography, like Lenya's life, turned out to be short-lived. In December 1942, the Nazis launched a large-scale anti-partisan operation, pursuing the detachment in which Lenya Golikov fought. It was impossible to break away from the enemy. On January 24, 1943, a group of partisans consisting of just over 20 people went to the village of Ostraya Luka. There were no Germans in the settlement, and exhausted people stopped to rest in three houses. After some time, the village was surrounded by a detachment of punishers in the amount of 150 people, made up of local traitors and Lithuanian nationalists. The guerrillas, who were taken by surprise, nevertheless joined the battle. Only a few people were able to break out of the encirclement, and later reported to the headquarters about the death of the detachment. Lenya Golikov, like most of his comrades, died in battle in Ostraya Luka.

During the war years, the NKVD and Soviet counterintelligence agencies conducted a thorough investigation in order to establish the causes of the death of certain partisan formations. So it was in this case. Thanks to the testimonies of the villagers obtained after the liberation from the occupation, as well as the testimonies of the surviving partisans, it was established that Lenya Golikov and his comrades fell victims of betrayal. Someone Stepanov, a resident of one of the houses where the partisans stopped, reported them to the headman Pykhov, who informed the punishers about the partisans, whose detachment was in the village of Krutets.

Pykhov received a generous reward from the Nazis for the services rendered. However, during the retreat, the owners of the bastard did not take with them. At the beginning of 1944, he was arrested by the SMERSH authorities, was convicted as a traitor to the Motherland and shot in April 1944.

The second traitor, Stepanov, who, by the way, was only a year older than Lenya, showed great resourcefulness - at the beginning of 1944, when it became clear that the war was leaning towards the defeat of the Nazis, he joined the partisans, from where he ended up in the regular Soviet Army. In this capacity, he even managed to earn awards and return home as a hero, but in the fall of 1948, retribution overtook Stepanov - he was arrested and for treason sentenced to 25 years in prison with deprivation of state awards.

The partisans who survived the last battle of the detachment did not forget about their comrades, including Lena. In March 1944, the head of the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement, a member of the Military Council of the Leningrad Front, Nikitin signed a new testimonial for the presentation of Lenya Golikov to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 2, 1944, for the exemplary performance of command assignments and the courage and heroism shown in battles with the Nazi invaders, Golikov Leonid Aleksandrovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).

In the book of the writer Yuri Korolkov "Partizan Lenya Golikov", published in the early 1950s, the author, who went through the war as a front-line correspondent, talking about the real exploits of Leonid Golikov, reduced his age by just a couple of years. And from a 16-year-old heroic Komsomol member, a 14-year-old heroic pioneer turned out.

Perhaps, in the All-Union Pioneer Organization, where the collection of data from pioneer heroes was just beginning, they decided that thousands of pioneers who were awarded orders and medals during the war years were not enough, and at least one Hero of the Soviet Union was needed. Recall that Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik, Zina Portnova were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union much later, in the late 1950s, and only Lenya Golikov became a Hero back in 1944.

I must say that even the appearance of the hero was changed to complete the picture. In the only photo of Leonid in the partisan detachment, Golikov appears as a determined and dashing young man, while in the illustrations that appeared in all the pioneer books about Len Golikov, he has an absolutely childish expression on his face.

Where did this image come from? As it turned out, Leonid’s mother didn’t have any childhood photographs, so when he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, the reporters dressed him as a “partisan” ... his younger sister, Lida. It was the image of Lida Golikova that became "Lyonya Golikov" for millions of Soviet pioneers.

It is unlikely that those who created the canonical history of Lenya Golikov pursued some selfish goals. They simply wanted the best, they believed that in this form the feat of Leonid Golikov would look brighter. It never occurred to them that at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, all these “little things” would turn against the Hero himself, when the liberal pack would hook on to this fact in order to erase the name of Lenya Golikov from the memory of the people forever.

However, the feat of the young Komsomol member Leonid Golikov is no worse than the feat of the pioneer Leni Golikov, who wrote his name into the centuries.

MARAT KAZEY

Marat Ivanovich Kazei (October 29, 1929, the village of Stankovo, Koydanovsky district, Minsk region, BSSR, USSR - May 11, 1944, the village of Khoromitskie, Uzdensky district, Minsk region, BSSR, USSR) - Soviet pioneer hero, reconnaissance partisan, Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).

The boy was named Marat by his father, a staunch communist, a former sailor of the Baltic Fleet. Ivan Kazei named his son in honor of the battleship Marat, on which he himself had a chance to serve. The revolutionary idealist Ivan Kazei named his daughter unusually - Ariadne, in honor of the heroine of the ancient Greek myth, which he really liked.

The communist and activist Ivan Kazei was a staunch Bolshevik, he was in good standing at work, led the training courses for tractor drivers, and was the chairman of a comrades' court. It all ended on the same day, when in 1935 he was arrested for wrecking. Whose vile hand scribbled a false denunciation is unknown. Apparently, the idealism of Ivan Kazei, who never took a state penny for personal purposes, began to greatly annoy those who wanted to improve their own well-being at the expense of the people's good. Such people always exist, regardless of what political system is in the yard.

Ivan Kazei was exiled to the Far East, from where he did not return. He was rehabilitated only in 1959, posthumously. Anna Kazei, the same staunch communist, after the arrest of her husband was fired from her job, expelled from the Moscow Pedagogical Institute, where she studied in absentia. The children had to be sent to their relatives, which turned out to be a very right decision - Anna herself was soon arrested.

It seems that Marat and his sister Ariadne had no reason to love the Soviet regime after what happened to their parents. But here's a strange thing, most people believed that such distortions in the attitudes of some fellow citizens were the work of specific dishonorable officials in government bodies, and not the policy of the Soviet government as a whole.

Anna Kazei did not suffer the fate of her husband - she was released just before the war. The prison did not change her political views - the staunch communist Anna Kazei began to cooperate with the Minsk underground from the first days of the occupation. The history of the first Minsk underground workers turned out to be tragic. Not having sufficient skills in such activities, they were soon exposed by the Gestapo and arrested.

The underground fighter Anna Kazey, together with her comrades in the struggle, was hanged by the Nazis in Minsk.

For 16-year-old Ariadna and 13-year-old Marat Kazeev, the death of their mother served as an impetus for the beginning of an active struggle against the Nazis - in 1942 they became fighters in a partisan detachment. Marat was a scout. The agile lad many times successfully penetrated the enemy garrisons in the villages, obtaining valuable intelligence information. In battle, Marat was fearless - in January 1943, even when he was wounded, he attacked the enemy several times. He took part in dozens of sabotage on railways and other facilities that were of particular importance to the Nazis.

In March 1943, Marat saved an entire partisan detachment. When the punishers took the partisan detachment named after Furmanov “in pincers” near the village of Rumok, it was intelligence officer Kazei who managed to break through the “ring” of the enemy and bring help from neighboring partisan detachments. As a result, the punishers were defeated.

In the winter of 1943, when the detachment was leaving the encirclement, Ariadna Kazei received severe frostbite. To save the girl's life, doctors had to amputate her legs in the field, and then fly her to the mainland by plane. She was taken to the rear, to Irkutsk, where the doctors managed to get her out. And Marat continued to fight the enemy even more viciously, more desperately, avenging his murdered mother, for his crippled sister, for the desecrated Motherland...

For courage and courage, Marat, who at the end of 1943 was only 14 years old, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, medals "For Courage" and "For Military Merit".

It was May 1944 outside. Operation Bagration was already in full swing, which would bring Belarus freedom from the Nazi yoke. But Marat was not destined to see this. On May 11, near the village of Khoromitskoye, a reconnaissance group of partisans was discovered by the Nazis. Marat's partner died immediately, and he himself joined the battle. The Germans took him into the "ring", hoping to capture the young partisan alive. When the cartridges ran out, Marat blew himself up and the Germans approaching him with a grenade.

For the heroism shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 8, 1965, Kazei Marat Ivanovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Ariadna Kazei returned to the BSSR in 1945. Despite the loss of her legs, she graduated from the Minsk Pedagogical University, taught at school, and was elected a deputy of the Supreme Council of the BSSR. In 1968, the heroine partisan, Honored Teacher of the BSSR Ariadna Ivanovna Kazei was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

Ariadna Ivanovna died in 2008. But the memory of her and her brother, Marat Kazei, is alive. A monument to Marat was erected in Minsk, several streets in the cities of Belarus and in the countries of the former USSR are named after him.

But the main memory is not in bronze, but in the souls of people. And while we remember the names of those who, sacrificing themselves, saved our Motherland from the Nazis, they remain by our side, strengthening and inspiring by their example in difficult moments of life.

ZINA PORTNOVA

Zinaida Martynovna Portnova (February 20, 1926, Leningrad, USSR - January 10, 1944, Polotsk, BSSR, USSR) - Hero of the Soviet Union (1958), pioneer hero. Soviet underground worker, partisan, member of the underground organization "Young Avengers"; intelligence officer of the partisan detachment named after K. E. Voroshilov in the territory of the Byelorussian SSR occupied by the Nazis.

At the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, during the period of the debunking of Soviet heroes, compromising evidence was sought for each of those who was recognized and glorified by the Soviet authorities.

It turned out to be difficult to find anything compromising the underground worker Zina Portnova. And therefore the main claim to her was that she, glorified among the "pioneer heroes", was not a pioneer!

Actually this is true. Zina died, being a Komsomol member. But she began her short, but fierce struggle against fascism as a pioneer.

About her, like about many young war heroes, one can say a banal phrase - her pre-war childhood was the most common. Zina was born in Leningrad, in a working class family, on February 20, 1926. She studied at school, studied in a circle and did not think about exploits. At the beginning of June 1941, few people in Leningrad thought about the war. And so the parents calmly sent Zina and her younger sister Galya for the summer to their grandmother, to Belarus.

In the village of Zui, in the Vitebsk region, the rest did not last long. The advance of the Nazis was swift, and very soon the threat of occupation loomed over the village where Zina and her sister lived. Grandmother gathered her granddaughters on the road and sent them along with the refugees. However, the Nazis cut the road, and there was no chance to return to Leningrad. So Zina Portnova ended up in occupation.

Resistance to the Nazis on the territory of Belarus was especially fierce. From the first days of the war, partisan detachments and underground groups were created here. In the Shumilinsky district of the Vitebsk region, the youth underground organization "Young Avengers" was created, the history of which is similar to the history of the legendary "Young Guard". The leader of the "Young Avengers" was Fruza (Efrosinya) Zenkova, who rallied around herself the local youth, ready to resist the Nazis. Fruza had a connection with the "adult" underground workers and with the local partisan detachment. The Young Avengers coordinated their actions with the partisans. Fruse Zenkova, the leader of the Komsomol resistance, was 17 at the start of the war. Zina Portnova, who has become one of the most active participants in the Young Avengers, is 14.

The guys started with posting leaflets, petty sabotage like damage to the property of the Nazis. The further, the more serious the shares became. Undermining a power plant, setting fire to factories, burning wagons with flax at the station, intended to be sent to Germany - in total, more than 20 successful sabotage turned out to be on the account of the Young Avengers.

Zina Portnova, an active member of the group, who was a pioneer by the beginning of the war, joined the Komsomol underground.

Hitler's counterintelligence followed the trail of the underground. The Nazis managed to introduce a provocateur into their ranks, who would betray most of the members of the organization. But this will happen later. Before that, Zina Portnova will carry out one of the largest acts of sabotage in the history of the Young Avengers. A girl who worked as a dishwasher in the canteen of German officers' retraining courses poisoned the food prepared for dinner. As a result of sabotage, about a hundred Nazis died. The enraged Nazis arrested the entire canteen staff. Zina escaped arrest that day by accident. When the first signs of poisoning appeared, the Nazis broke into the dining room and stumbled upon Portnova. They put a plate in her hands and forced her to eat the poisoned soup. Zina understood that by refusing, she would give herself away. Retaining amazing self-control, she ate a few spoons, after which the Germans, releasing her, were distracted by other kitchen workers. The Nazis decided that the dishwasher did not know anything about the poisoning.

Zina was saved from death by a strong body and a grandmother who managed to mitigate the effect of the poison with folk remedies. The partisans understood that Zina could no longer be in the village, and took her to their detachment. Grandma and Zina's younger sister hid with relatives in another village.

On August 26, 1943, German counterintelligence carried out mass arrests of members of the Young Avengers organization. By a lucky chance, only a few activists and the leader of the "Avengers" Fruza Zenkova did not fall into the hands of the Nazis. The torture and interrogation of the underground continued for three months. On October 5 and 6, all of them, more than 30 young men and women, were shot.

When the partisan detachment became aware of the defeat of the youth underground, Zina Portnova was instructed to try to re-establish contact with those who had escaped arrest and learn about the reasons for the failure. However, during this task, Zina herself was identified and detained as a member of the underground.

The provocateur did a good job - the Nazis knew almost everything about her. And about her parents in Leningrad, and about her role in the Young Avengers organization. The Germans, however, did not know that it was she who poisoned the German officers. Therefore, she was offered a deal - life in exchange for information about the whereabouts of Fruza Zenkova and the base of the partisan detachment.

In the commandant's office, she was identified as an underground worker by the traitor Grechukhin (left with the Germans, her further fate is not known), one of those who sold the underground workers. At one of the interrogations, which was conducted by the head of the Gestapo, Captain Krause, Zina grabbed a pistol lying on the table, shot the Gestapo man and rushed to run, laying down two more pursuers along the way. But she could not escape, she was wounded, and then sent to a concentration camp.

According to eyewitnesses, Zina Portnova was tortured very cruelly in a concentration camp in Polotsk, but she continued to remain silent. The creatures systematically drove needles under Zina's nails, burned stars on her body with red-hot iron, and ended up cutting off the young girl's ears and gouging out her eyes. On the morning of January 10, 1944, a crippled, blind and completely gray-haired 17-year-old girl was taken to execution. She was shot in the square along with other convicts.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 1, 1958, Zinaida Martynovna Portnova was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin.

VALYA KOTIK

Valentin Alexandrovich Kotik (February 11, 1930, the village of Khmelevka, Kamenetz-Podolsk region of the Ukrainian SSR - February 17, 1944, the city of Izyaslav, Khmelnitsky region of the Ukrainian SSR) - a pioneer hero, a young reconnaissance partisan, the youngest Hero of the Soviet Union - at the time of his death he was barely 14 years old. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded posthumously.

Times do not choose, says the well-known wisdom. Someone gets a childhood with pioneer camps and waste paper collection, someone - with game consoles and social media accounts.

The generation of children of the 1930s got a cruel and terrible war that took away relatives, friends, and childhood itself. And instead of children's toys, the most persistent and courageous took rifles and machine guns in their hands. They took it to take revenge on the enemy and fight for the Motherland.

In 1933, the writer Arkady Gaidar wrote "The Tale of the Military Secret, Malchish-Kibalchish and his firm word." This work by Gaidar, written eight years before the start of the Great Patriotic War, was destined to become a symbol of memory for all the young heroes who fell in the fight against the Nazi invaders.

Valya Kotik, a boy from a simple peasant family, like all Soviet boys and girls, of course, read the tale of Malchish-Kibalchish. But he hardly thought that he would have to be in the place of the brave hero Gaidar. Valya had the usual childhood of a boy of that time, with the usual pranks, secrets, sometimes bad grades. Everything changed in June 1941, when the war broke into the life of the sixth grader Valya Kotik.

The swift Nazi blitzkrieg of the summer of 1941, and now Valya, who by that time lived in the city of Shepetovka, was already in the occupied territory with his family. The victorious power of the Wehrmacht inspired fear in many adults, but did not frighten Valya, who, together with his friends, decided to fight the Nazis. To begin with, they began to collect and stash weapons left at the battlefields that were in full swing around Shepetovka. Then they became bolder to the point that they began to steal machine guns from the gaping Nazis.

And in the fall of 1941, a desperate boy committed a real sabotage - setting up an ambush by the road, he blew up a car with the Nazis with a grenade, destroying several soldiers and the commander of a field gendarmerie detachment. The underground learned about Vali's affairs. It was almost impossible to stop the desperate boy, and then he was attracted to underground work. He was instructed to collect information about the German garrison, put up leaflets, act as a messenger.

For the time being, the smart guy did not arouse suspicion among the Nazis. However, the more successful actions became on the account of the underground, the more attentively the Nazis began to look for their assistants among the local residents.

In the summer of 1943, the threat of arrest loomed over Vali's family, and he, along with his mother and brother, went into the forest, becoming a fighter in the Karmelyuk partisan detachment. The command tried to take care of the 13-year-old guy, but he was eager to fight. In addition, Valya showed himself to be a skilled scout and a person capable of finding a way out of the most difficult situation.

In October 1943, Valya, who was on partisan patrol, ran into punishers who were preparing to attack the base of the partisan detachment. The boy was tied up, but, having decided that he did not pose a threat and could not provide valuable intelligence, they left him under guard here, at the edge of the forest. The punishers moved on, but Valya managed to escape, rip off a grenade from the escort's belt and throw it towards the enemies. The explosion killed two punishers on the spot, and the uproar prevented the partisans from being taken by surprise. Valya himself was wounded, but managed to get to the forester's hut, who was helping the partisans. After recovery, he continued to fight in the detachment.

Valya participated in undermining six enemy echelons, destroying the strategic communications cable of the Nazis, as well as in a number of other successful actions, for which he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree and the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree".

On February 11, 1944, Valya turned 14 years old. The front was rapidly rolling to the West, and the partisans, as best they could, helped the regular army. Shepetovka, where Valya lived, had already been liberated, but the detachment moved on, preparing for its last operation - the assault on the city of Izyaslav. After her, the detachment was to be disbanded, the adults were to join the regular units, and Valya was to return to school.

The battle for Izyaslav on February 16, 1944 turned out to be hot, but it was already ending in favor of the partisans, when Valya was seriously wounded by a stray bullet. Soviet troops burst into the city to help the partisans. The wounded Valya was urgently sent to the rear, to the hospital. However, the wound turned out to be fatal - on February 17, 1944, Vali Kotik died.

Valya was buried in the village of Khorovets. At the request of his mother, the ashes of his son were transferred to the city of Shepetovka and reburied in the city park.

A large country that survived a terrible war could not immediately appreciate the feats of all those who fought for its freedom and independence. But over time, everything fell into place.

For the heroism shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 27, 1958, Kotik Valentin Alexandrovich was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

His name, like the names of other pioneer heroes, whose exploits were told to Soviet schoolchildren of the post-war period, was subjected to defamation in the post-Soviet period.

But time puts everything in its place. A feat is a feat, and betrayal is a betrayal. Valya Kotik, in a difficult time of trial for the Motherland, turned out to be more courageous than many adults, who to this day are looking for excuses for their cowardice and cowardice. Eternal glory to him!

ALEXANDER CHEKALIN

Alexander Pavlovich Chekalin (March 25, 1925, the village of Peskovatskoye, Suvorov District, Tula Region, USSR - November 6, 1941 - ibid.) - a young reconnaissance partisan during the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union (1942, posthumously).

Sasha's father was a hunter, thanks to which the young pioneer learned to shoot very early and was well versed in the forests surrounding the village. Among the boy's hobbies are photography and playing the mandolin. At school, “restless Sasha,” as his classmates called him, was actively engaged in physics and biology, assembled a radio receiver with his own hands, constantly participated in various sports competitions, including shooting, and brilliantly passed the standards of the TRP and PVCO.

By the time the Great Patriotic War began, he managed to finish 8 classes of a secondary school in the city of Likhvin, where his family moved in 1938. Already in July 1941, the front line began to approach Chekalin's native places. Without waiting for the arrival of the Nazis, Alexander, on a voluntary basis, joins the extermination squad, where he was accepted into the Komsomol. After the retreat of the Soviet troops from the territory of the Tula region, Alexander, together with his father Pavel Nikolaevich, became a member of the Forward partisan movement.

Here, along with adults, the young scout collects information about the location of the fascist detachments, their numbers and redeployment. He communicates between partisan detachments as a radio operator, takes part in sabotage operations against the Germans - in mining tracks, undermining wagons. Alexander actively participates in ambushes to destroy enemy patrols, watches for traitors and blows up posts.

In the fall of 1941, Sasha Chekalin catches a bad cold, his health is rapidly deteriorating, and he is sent to be treated in the village of Myshbor to the confidant of the partisans - a local teacher. Arriving at the place, Alexander learns that the woman was arrested by the Nazis and taken to another village. Then the teenager decides to sneak into his home. The local headman Avdyukhin, who entered the service of the Nazis, noticed smoke from the chimney of the Chekalins' house and reported it to the German commandant's office.

A detachment of fascists surrounded the house at night, Alexander was offered to surrender. In response, the young hero opened fire on the Germans, and when the cartridges ran out, he threw a grenade at them. But she misfired. Chekalin was arrested. Over the next few days, the young man was subjected to terrible sophisticated torture in order to get information from him about the partisans. Alexander did not give any evidence.

On November 6, 1941, the Germans staged a public execution. On the square of the city of Likhvin, Alexander Chekalin was hanged. The corpse of a young partisan on the gallows with a sign "Such an end awaits all partisans", the Germans did not remove from the square for another three weeks after the execution. Only after the liberation of the Tula region from the fascist invaders, the body of Alexander Chekalin with military honors was interred in the square of the city of Likhvin.

On April 3, 1942, a resident of the village of Peskovatskoye, Nikifor Avdyukhin, and a resident of the city of Likhvin, Alexei Osipov, who handed over Sasha Chekalin to the Germans, were shot by a court-martial. When the case was retried in 1993, the verdict, surprisingly, was upheld.

In 1944, the city of Likhvin was renamed Chekalin, streets in many settlements of Russia and the states of the former USSR were named after him. Many literary works and the film Fifteenth Spring (USSR, 1972) are devoted to the feat of the Komsomol member Alexander Chekalin.

On February 4, 1942, Alexander Pavlovich Chekalin was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin. And two years later, the city of Likhvin, in which the Komsomol hero was executed, was renamed in his honor - Chekalin.

The Order of Lenin, in addition to the above, was awarded to three more Heroes:

Volodya Kaznacheev

Tolya Shumov

Vasya Korobko

VOLODY KAZNACHEEV

Vladimir Petrovich Kaznacheev (born July 26, 1928, the village of Solovyanovka, the Bryansk region of the USSR) is a young partisan of the Great Patriotic War, a pioneer hero.

Volodya was born into a peasant family. He lost his father early enough, lived with his mother, older sister Anna and younger brother Anatoly. He grew up as an ordinary rural boy, went to school, joined the pioneers, loved to go to the forest and fish in the river. In 1941 he graduated from the 4th grade of high school.

June 22, 1941 Volodya went fishing early in the morning. Returning home in the evening, he learned from his mother, Elena Kondratievna, about the attack of Nazi Germany on the USSR and the beginning of the war. As later, after many years, Vladimir Petrovich will remember this moment, he then reacted to this terrible news with a purely pioneer confidence: "We will defeat them!"

After Volodya's mother, Elena Kondratyevna, was executed by the Nazis for helping the partisans, 13-year-old Volodya went to the partisans. “I was full of revenge for my mother when I came to the partisans,” Vladimir Kaznacheev recalled in an interview.

After the defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad in 1943, the Nazi group was preparing for revenge. During the Battle of Kursk, the Germans sent dozens of echelons with ammunition, fuel, equipment and manpower to the Kovel railway station (western Ukraine). In order to deprive the enemy of reinforcements and the opportunity to deliver a devastating blow, the partisans launched a large-scale operation "Kovel Knot". As a result, the railway station was completely paralyzed.

A German officer wrote in his diary: “We can neither leave nor drive up to the railway. The junction stations of Kovel and Rovno have been paralyzed since August… It’s scary to look at the area: the remains of destroyed trains are everywhere…”.

From July 7, 1943 to April 1944, a partisan formation under the command of Alexei Fedorov, operating in the Kovel forests, destroyed 549 enemy echelons. Ten of them are on account of 15-year-old Volodya Kaznacheev. I remember them all,” he recalled after the war. The first result was - 175 killed and wounded. That is, 175 people did not get to the front.

In the 42nd, after heavy fighting, the partisan unit of Alexei Fedorov arrives in the Bryansk region, and the boy ends up in the Nikolai Shchors detachment. Later, in 1943, the detachment received an order to move to western Ukraine, where the Kovel Knot operation was being prepared.

To conduct a rail war, groups of demolitionists were formed in each partisan detachment. Volodya also got into one of these groups. I got it not without difficulty - the boys did not want to prepare a saboteur from quite yet. They took it on the condition that he pass all exams in subversive business with excellent marks.

During one of the acts of sabotage, a colleague died before Volodya's eyes: the partisan blew himself up before he had time to set the mine to the end. A Nazi repair train soon arrived at the site of the explosion, and the dumbfounded Volodya rushed off at full speed to report on what had happened. It was necessary to get away from the railway, because the Germans would start combing the forest in search of the culprits.

But how to leave when the task is not completed? The enemy train is about to set off along the restored road - Volodya could not allow this. He managed to persuade the commander to return to the "piece of iron" and complete the operation.

A few hours later, when the repair train left, a German train with military supplies left from the nearest station. There was little time, and Volodya rushed from the shelter with all his might to put a mine on the only restored section of the road. When he finished, a Nazi train appeared around the corner. The boy flew headlong to his own when the multi-ton train took off into the air.

For his contribution to the overall victory, Vladimir Kaznacheev was awarded orders and medals, including, in addition to the Order of Lenin, the medal for the Partisan of the Patriotic War, 1st class, and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class.

He connected his peaceful life with the sea. He graduated from the Kherson Naval College and the Odessa Marine Institute of Engineers. He worked as the head of the foreign fleet agency department, and in the 60s he was sent to Algeria, France and Belgium.

In one of the interviews, when asked how he managed to go through the war and survive, the front-line soldier answered: “I survived all these years, apparently because the late mother, saying goodbye to life, thought about children. And it was a big defense for me.”

Currently, Vladimir Petrovich lives in Kherson.

TOLYA NOISE

Anatoly Petrovich Shumov (September 27, 1924, Ostashevo village, Ostashevo district, Moscow region - December 22, 1941, Mozhaisk district, Moscow region) - a young partisan of the Great Patriotic War, executed by the Nazis. Awarded the Order of Lenin (posthumously).

Every morning in the summer of 1941, Tolya, together with his friends Vitya Vishnyakov, Volodya Kolyadov, Yura Sukhnev, went to build a military road.

Returning somehow from work, Tolya learned that a volunteer extermination battalion was being organized at the military registration and enlistment office and that the director of the school, Ivan Nikolaevich Nazarov, had been appointed chief of staff. I told the guys about it and immediately signed up for it with my friends. The guys learned to shoot from a rifle, a machine gun, throw grenades, disguise themselves, and walk with a compass. The front was getting closer and closer to Moscow, there were heavy battles, not far from the village there was a battle.

"We will defend our Motherland from the Nazis to the last drop of blood. If one of us falls into the hands of enemies, even death will not force us to betray each other and our comrades. Our cause is just. The enemy will be defeated. Victory will be ours. Viktor Vishnyakov, Anatoly Shumov. This is the promise the boys made to each other.

In September-October 1941, partisan detachments and underground groups were being formed in the western regions of the Moscow Region, which were to begin functioning in the occupied territories in the event that the enemy broke through the Mozhaisk line of defense. On October 17, 1941, the Nazis occupied the regional center Ostashevo. By this time, three partisan detachments had been formed in the Ostashevsky district. One of these detachments, commanded by Vasily Fedorovich Proskunin, also included Evdokia Stepanovna Shumova, Tolya's mother, since it was impossible for the former party worker to remain in Ostashevo, and she flatly refused to evacuate to the rear, believing that her place among countrymen fighting the enemy. Together with his mother, the son also left for the partisans. Also, three more yesterday's schoolchildren joined the detachment: Vladimir Kolyadov, Yuri Sukhnev and Alexandra Voronova.

“The main thing is to destroy the Nazis,” Tolya once said to his comrades after a successfully completed operation: the train on which the Germans were traveling was blown up with the help of Anatoly Shumov.

Anatoly did not refuse any, even such difficult and risky tasks as mining roads and destroying enemy telephone lines. Several times he was close to failure, twice he was detained by a German patrol, but both times he managed to leave and return to the detachment.

So during one check, Anatoly's outerwear was removed, but he managed to slip out literally from under the noses of the Germans and in severe frost in his underwear to get to the partisans with valuable information.

Another time, Tolya was helped by chance to avoid trouble. His path passed through the dam of a water mill, on which a sentry was exposed. It was not possible to bypass the dam, and therefore, it was impossible to avoid explanations with the sentry, and this was dangerous - Anatoly's boots were full of leaflets. The partisan was already considering how he would act if the guard was too meticulous. Suddenly, a horse-drawn wagon with Germans on their way to the mill appeared behind them. Near the dam, the wagon got stuck. Anatoly was not at a loss, rushed to help pull out the cart. “Gut, gut,” the sentry nodded approvingly and let the unfamiliar teenager pass.

There was also a tragicomic story. Being detained in the village of Sumarokovo, Tolya persistently claimed during interrogation that he was looking for his missing mother. Anatoly began to act like a reckless teenager: he told a German officer, who knew Russian well, jokes about communists and funny stories, and managed to win him over with his wit. The officer left Tolya with him and promised to help in the search for his mother. For two days, Komsomol member Shumov roughly played his role, while looking out for and remembering everything that happened in the enemy camp. Then, seizing the moment, he fled to the partisan detachment, taking with him a field bag with documents and a map, binoculars and an officer's pistol.

After this defiant act, the Germans became interested in the personality of the impudent teenager. A reward was given for providing information about him.

On November 30, 1941, Tolya had another assignment in Ostashevo. Here he was to meet with Shura Voronova. However, the girl did not come to the meeting. Anatoly visits several trusted locals, trying to find out about what happened to Shura. While moving around the village, Tolya was accidentally noticed by the local policeman Kirillin, who did not fail to inform his German superiors about this. A raid began, as a result of which Tolya was captured. After an interrogation accompanied by torture and lasting several hours, Anatoly Shumov was tied to a sledge and sent to Mozhaisk under the protection of six submachine gunners. In the forest near Mozhaisk, Tolya was shot. The exact place of his death is unknown.

Anatoly Shumov was posthumously awarded the Order of Lenin.

Vladimir Kolyadov died a few days after the death of Anatoly Shumov. Awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Shura Voronova was arrested by the German invaders a few days before the death of Tolya. After interrogation, during which the girl behaved heroically, she was shot. Alexandra Voronova was posthumously awarded the Medal for Military Merit.

The name of the young partisan Tolya Shumov is listed in the Book of Honor of the Moscow Regional Pioneer Organization named after V.I. V. I. Lenin.

Vasya KOROBKO

Korobko, Vasily Ivanovich (March 31, 1927, Pogoreltsy village, Semyonovsky district, Chernihiv region - April 1, 1944) - pioneer hero, young partisan, awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st degree .

Chernihiv region. The front came close to the village of Pogoreltsy. On the outskirts, covering the retreat of our units, the company held the defense. The boy brought the cartridges to the fighters. His name was Vasya Korobko.

Night. Vasya sneaks up to the school building occupied by the Nazis. He sneaks into the pioneer room, takes out the pioneer banner and hides it securely.

Outskirts of the village. Under the bridge - Vasya. He pulls out the iron staples, saws the piles, and at dawn from the shelter he watches the bridge collapse under the weight of the fascist armored personnel carrier. The partisans were convinced that Vasya could be trusted, and they entrusted him with a serious task: to become a scout in the enemy's lair. At the headquarters of the Nazis, he heats stoves, chop wood, and he looks closely, remembers, and transmits information to the partisans. The punishers, who planned to exterminate the partisans, forced the boy to lead them into the forest. But Vasya led the Nazis to an ambush of the police. The Nazis, mistaking them for partisans in the dark, opened furious fire, killed all the policemen and themselves suffered heavy losses.

On April 1, 1944, Vasya left the partisan camp to perform another assignment in the area of ​​Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Pointing to a low hill overgrown with dense young pine forest, the leader of the group was about to go there. And suddenly a machine-gun burst struck from a pine forest. Bullets hummed thinly, knocking branches off bare bushes.

Vasya fell into the snow, putting his machine gun in front of him. Out of the corner of my eye I caught one of the scouts darting into the bushes. He also felt a sharp, burning pain that suddenly manifested his body, and everything blurred in a fiery haze ... The young partisan's heart stopped.

Together with the partisans, Vasya destroyed nine echelons, hundreds of Nazis. The Motherland awarded her little hero, who lived a short but such a bright life, with the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, and the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" of the 1st degree.

The Order of the Red Banner, in addition to the above, was awarded to:

Volodya Dubinin

Kostya Kravchuk

Arkady Kamanin

Sasha Borodulin

Nadia Bogdanova

Julius Kantemirov - NO DATA FOUND (see below)

Andrey Makarihin - NO DETAILS FOUND (see below)

VOLODYA DUBININ

Vladimir Nikiforovich Dubinin (August 29, 1927, Kerch - January 4, 1942, Kerch) - pioneer hero, participant in the Great Patriotic War.

During the Great Patriotic War, the city of Kerch became the scene of cruel and bloody battles. The front line passed through it four times, and the fighting was so fierce that less than 15 percent of the buildings in the city survived. There were many heroes in the battles for Kerch, but the city still remembers the youngest of them - 14-year-old Volodya Dubinin.

Volodya was born on August 29, 1927 in the family of Nikifor Semyonovich and Evdokia Timofeevna Dubinin. Volodya's father, Nikifor Dubinin, fought against the Whites in a partisan detachment during the Civil War, and later became a sailor. He worked both on the Black Sea and in the Arctic, so that the family managed to travel around the country.

Volodya grew up as a mobile, inquisitive, somewhat hooligan guy. He loved to read, was fond of aircraft modeling, photography ...

When the war began, Nikifor Dubinin was drafted into the army. Evdokia Timofeevna, with Volodya and his sister, moved to her relatives, to the Old Quarantine area. The closer the advancing Nazis were to Kerch, the more actively the city's leadership prepared for a partisan war in the event of its occupation. The bases of the partisan detachments were to be the Adzhimushkay and Starokarantinsky quarries, which were real fortresses.

Volodya and his friends found out about the partisan detachment in the Starokarantinsky quarries. The boys began to ask adults to take them to the partisans. After some hesitation, the commander of the detachment, Alexander Zyabrev, gave the go-ahead. The boys, able to get out of the quarries through narrow crevices, were indispensable as scouts.

Once at home, Volodya found a medal "For Labor Valor" and attached it to his shirt, noting: "Beautiful." Sister Valya, who was two years older than Volodya, reasoned:

But this is not your reward. This medal must be earned. And you're still small!

Volodya blushed, took off the medal and answered:

"You'll see what I'll become."

After the occupation of Kerch, Volodya left with a detachment to the quarries. The partisans in the quarries of the Old Quarantine very soon began to disturb the German command. However, the Nazis could not knock them out of there. Then they began the siege, blocking all the exits and diligently filling the cracks with cement. This is where the boys come in handy. Volodya Dubinin, Vanya Gritsenko, Tolya Korolev left the quarries where adults could not get out, and brought valuable information about the enemy.

When the Nazis blocked all the large manholes, only the small and nimble Volodya could climb into the remaining ones. Then other boys began to work as a "cover group" - they distracted the soldiers blocking the entrances, making it possible to get out. Also, at the agreed time, the guys met Volodya, who was returning from reconnaissance.

Volodya and other guys were engaged not only in reconnaissance. During the battles, they brought ammunition, assisted the wounded, and carried out other orders of the commander.

In December 1941, the Nazis decided to flood the Starokarantinsky quarries and put an end to the partisans. Volodya, who was in intelligence, found out about this when only a few hours remained before the start of the punitive action. Risking his life, during the day, practically in full view of the German patrols, Volodya managed to penetrate the catacombs and warn the partisans of the danger. The commander raised the detachment on alarm, and people began to hastily build dams in order to interfere with the plans of the Nazis.

It was a race against death. At some point, the water in the quarries rose almost to the waist. Nevertheless, in two days the partisans managed to create a system of dams that prevented the Nazis from destroying the detachment.

The scout Volodya Dubinin played the main role in rescuing the partisans.

On the eve of the new year, 1942, the command set the task of scout Dubinin to get to the Adzhimushkay quarries and contact the partisan detachment based there. But, when Volodya went to fulfill the order, he came across ... Soviet soldiers. These were amphibious assault fighters who liberated Kerch during the Kerch-Feodosiya operation.

The joy of Volodya and his comrades knew no bounds. But the Nazis surrounded the Starokarantinsky quarries with a network of minefields, and the partisans could not leave them. It was physically impossible for adults to leave where Volodya left. And then Volodya volunteered to be a guide to the sappers. The first day of demining was successful, but on January 4, 1942, at about 10 am, a powerful explosion thundered at the entrance to the quarry. Four sappers and Volodya Dubinin were blown up by a mine.

The dead sappers and Volodya were buried in a mass partisan grave in the Kerch Youth Park.

Posthumously, Vladimir Nikiforovich Dubinin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

The city of Kerch still faced fierce battles, the second occupation and the long-awaited final liberation on April 11, 1944.

In 1973, Kerch was awarded the title of "Hero City".

In the battles for Kerch, thousands of Soviet soldiers showed courage and heroism, but the feat of Volodya Dubinin was not lost among them.

One of the streets of his native city was named after him, and in 1964 a monument to Volodya was opened on it.

In 1949, the writers Lev Kassil and Max Polyanovsky published the book "Street of the Youngest Son", dedicated to Volodya Dubinin. From that moment on, the young partisan gained all-Union fame.

Decades later, during the years of perestroika, it will seem to some that this glory is undeserved, like the medal that little Volodya attached to his shirt. But history itself put everything in its place. The feat of Volodya Dubinin and the memory of him are still alive.

KOSTIA KRAVCHUK

Kravchuk Konstantin Kononovich (born 1931, Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR) - Soviet schoolboy, pioneer. Known for the fact that, risking his life and the lives of his loved ones, he saved and preserved during the fascist occupation the banners of the 968th and 970th rifle regiments of the 255th rifle division. The youngest holder of the Order of the Red Banner.

The feat of 10-year-old Konstantin Kononovich Kravchuk, who earned the Order of the Red Banner for him.

There is no greater shame for a military unit than the loss of a unit's banner. The unit left without a banner is subject to disbandment. And vice versa, a unit that has retained its banner remains in service, even if all its fighters fell in battles.

During the Great Patriotic War, during the most fierce battles, soldiers and officers sometimes valued the banner of the unit more than their own lives.

In the summer of 1941, Kostya Kravchuk, a resident of Kiev, was barely 10 years old when the war burst into his life. Kyiv became one of the first Soviet cities to be hit by Nazi bombs. And then there was a terrible, bloody battle for Kyiv, which ended in the defeat of the Soviet troops.

On the night of September 19, 1941, Soviet troops left the capital of the Ukrainian SSR. The next day, the Germans entered the city. Residents of Kyiv hid in tense expectation. Only the boys did not care, and they fearlessly moved through the streets. At the same time, the lagging groups of Soviet soldiers continued to leave the city. Kostya Kravchuk encountered one of these groups. The wounded and exhausted soldiers understood that there was practically no chance to get away from the enemy pursuing them, so they asked Kostya for help. The boy was given two banners. These were the battle colors of the 970th and 968th rifle regiments.

“Hide them until ours return,” the fighters asked Kostya. The boy promised that he would keep the military shrines.

How the fate of the soldiers who met with Kostya turned out is unknown. Perhaps they, like thousands of other fighters, died in battle or perished in German concentration camps. But a few hours after this meeting, the city was flooded with Germans. Kostya only managed to bury the banners in the garden, away from human eyes.

Kostya Kravchuk lived with his mother, his father died when the boy was five years old. But Kostya did not even tell his closest person about the meeting with the retreating soldiers, keeping a secret.

In the meantime, the "new order" reigned in the city with might and main, the Jews were sent to Babi Yar, the Gestapo was hunting for underground workers, the servants of the occupiers from police units raged. Find out the new authorities, that a 10-year-old boy hides red battle banners, and not only Kostya, but also his mother could pay for this impudence with his life. But the boy did not think about the risk - he was afraid that the banners would still be found. Then he took out a canvas bag, put the banners in it, pitched it and hid it in an abandoned well.

Months passed. The victorious march of the Wehrmacht was replaced by failures, the Nazis began to gradually roll back. The worse things went for the invaders at the front, the more they committed atrocities in the occupied territories. Nevertheless, Kostya periodically visited his hiding place to make sure that the banners entrusted to him were in place.

During one of these campaigns, Kostya was captured by the police. However, this happened away from the hiding place, and the Nazi accomplices were by no means interested in the banners - in Kyiv there were roundups of young people who were driven to Germany. The captured boy was thrown into the car along with others, and the train went to the Third Reich. But the nimble boy was lucky this time too - at one of the stations he managed to jump out of the train and hide. Then Kostya began to make his way back to Kyiv.

This path was not easy, but he still managed to get there, however, after Kyiv was liberated by Soviet troops. The joy of the mother, who believed that she would never see her son again, is difficult to convey. And Kostya, when the emotions subsided a little, went to the hiding place. The canvas bag was in place.

The commandant of the Kiev garrison was very surprised by the appearance of a 12-year-old visitor, but the military man was even more shocked when Kostya Kravchuk, unfolding the bundle, handed him two banners of the regiments that fought with the enemy in 1941.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 1, 1944, Konstantin Kononovich Kravchuk was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for the preservation of two regimental banners of the Red Army units during the occupation of the city of Kiev by the German invaders.

The war continued, and in the liberated Kyiv, new units were formed, which were sent to the West to finish off the fascist reptile. On June 11, 1944, in the center of Kyiv, a solemn formation of new units that went to the front took place. At it, a decree on rewarding Kostya Kravchuk was read out, and the units leaving for the front were handed the banners he had saved.

Kostya Kravchuk did not become a big boss. After graduating from the Suvorov Military School, he worked for many years at the Arsenal plant in Kiev. Three decades after the end of the war, Konstantin Kononovich was awarded another award - for his valiant work he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

... The soldiers, who in the terrible 1941 instructed the boy to preserve military relics, made the right choice. Kostya Kravchuk justified him in full.

ARKADY KAMANIN

Arkady Nikolaevich Kamanin (November 2, 1928 - April 13, 1947) - the youngest pilot of World War II, began flying independently at the age of fourteen. The son of the famous pilot and military leader N. P. Kamanin. Born in the Far East.

It is clear that the family of military officer Nikolai Kamanin does not stay in one place, constant moving. Little son Arkady likes his father's work, he spends a lot of time at the airport.

He studied well, played the button accordion and read a lot. He was bold and serious, never retreated, was actively involved in sports. At the age of thirteen, Arkady, with the help of his father, got a summer job at an aircraft factory. He really wanted to master the work of a mechanic and connect his life with aircraft.

In 1944, when the Soviet troops were rapidly marching to the West, there were those who stabbed them in the back. We are talking about the very people who are now trying to present in Ukraine as "heroes and patriots."

And then one of the detachments of such "patriots" attacked the headquarters of the front. The guards of the headquarters entered the battle. Under the fire of Bandera, a U-2, a communication aircraft, soared into the sky. The pilot, turning the car around, passed over the attackers and threw hand grenades at them, after which he called for reinforcements. The attack of Nazi accomplices was repulsed, and the pilot, who showed courage and high skill, was presented to the order.

The name of the hero was known throughout the country - Kamanin. Nikolai Kamanin was one of the first Heroes of the Soviet Union, a participant in the rescue of the Chelyuskinites.

That's just the attack of Bandera was not thwarted by Nikolai Petrovich Kamanin, but by his son, Arkady Nikolaevich. And Arkasha Kamanin was at that moment incomplete 16 years old.

He got his love for the sky from his father. The genes of Nikolai Kamanin in his son appeared very early - from an early age he loved to be at the airport, he helped during the summer holidays, working as an aircraft mechanic. It is not surprising that in 1941 Arkady Kamanin began working as a mechanic at an aircraft factory.

He had the typical childhood of an officer's son. Arkady was born on November 2, 1928 in the Far East, then, together with his parents, he changed several places of service. When my father worked in

Moscow, the Kamanin family lived in the legendary House on the embankment. Just before the war, Kamanin Sr. was transferred to Tashkent, where they lived until 1943.

Nikolai Kamanin rushed to the front, and in July 1942, the Hero of the Soviet Union was appointed commander of the 8th mixed air corps. By the spring of 1943, Kamanin had been promoted to the rank of major general, and soon his wife and son came to him, who had taken over the 5th Guards Assault Air Corps.

Generals are allowed a little more than others, both in war and in peacetime. Therefore, the wife decided to stay with her husband, getting a job at the headquarters, and her parents were going to send her son to the rear.

But here Arkady showed his paternal character. “I won’t go, that’s all,” he answered the astonished father-general. If there had been no use for the boy, perhaps he would have been sent away from the front one way or another. But Arkady was by that time a highly qualified mechanic, and the father reluctantly left his son in the location of his unit.

So 14-year-old Arkady Kamanin volunteered to join the Red Army, becoming a mechanic for special equipment of the communications squadron of the headquarters. But this was not enough for Kamanin Jr., he himself wanted to rise into the sky. At first, he flew on a two-seat U-2 as an observer navigator, and in the summer of 1943, after passing the exams, he received permission for independent flights. Moreover, Arkady Kamanin passed the exam to the most strict of possible examiners - General Kamanin.

Communications pilot - at first glance, the profession is not as heroic as a fighter pilot. But this is only at first glance. In the midst of battles on a small U-2, wading into the thick of it, delivering orders from the command and conducting reconnaissance, is a difficult and dangerous craft. Hundreds of communications pilots fell on the battlefields of the Great Patriotic War.

Arkady, the youngest of the pilots, who received the nickname "Flyer", was taken care of as best they could. But war is war, and General Kamanin gave orders to Sergeant Kamanin, sending him on flights, each of which could be the last. The fearlessness of Arkady Kamanin amazed even worldly-wise pilots.

Once U-2 Arkady was returning to headquarters. The pilot noticed that a downed IL-2 was lying on its belly in the neutral zone, which had made an emergency landing. The cockpit was closed, which means the pilot was most likely injured. Arkady, without hesitation, lands his U-2 nearby, in the middle of the neutral zone. The Nazis could attack at any moment, and there was not a minute to lose. In Ila's cockpit lay the wounded Lieutenant Berdnikov, shot down while returning from a reconnaissance flight. Arkady removed the camera with film, and then loaded the wounded man into his plane. How a 14-year-old teenager managed in this situation to cope with the movement of a wounded adult man is a mystery, but Arkady did it.

Soviet soldiers and Nazis closely watched what was happening. The Germans were preparing a sortie, intending to capture the pilots, but the Soviet infantrymen covered Arkady with fire. His U-2 took off from no man's land, delivering valuable information and a rescued pilot to headquarters.

There were, of course, almost comical situations. Once in the air, waiting for permission to land, Arkady saw that his colleague was taking off with ... a mechanic on his tail. The fact is that on wet ground, during takeoff, the mechanics pressed the tail of the aircraft so that the one that is called would not “peck its nose”. The main thing for the mechanic at the same time was to jump off in time. In this case, the technician did not have time. He was saved from death by the shot of Arkady from rocket launchers, which attracted the attention of the pilot. True, then almost half of the airfield had to tear off the mechanic, who had stuck into the tail of the aircraft with a death grip.

During the war, Arkady Kamanin made more than 650 sorties with a total flying time of 283 hours.

At the beginning of 1945, a young pilot delivered food for a radio and a secret package to a partisan detachment near Czech Brno, making an hour and a half flight behind the front line along an unexplored route in mountainous terrain with difficult terrain. For this flight Sergeant Kamanin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

In May 1945, 16-year-old foreman Arkady Kamanin met the victory with two orders of the Red Star and the Order of the Red Banner on his chest.

After the war, he began to desperately catch up with peers who had gone far from him in the school curriculum. And here Arkady did not let us down - in October 1946, foreman Arkady Kamanin was enrolled as a student in the preparatory course of the Zhukovsky Air Force Academy.

A bright future lay ahead of him. No one would turn his tongue to say that he makes a career thanks to his dad.

Who knows, perhaps in the mid-1960s, ace pilot Arkady Kamanin would have been among the subordinates of the commander of the first Soviet cosmonaut detachment, General Nikolai Kamanin.

But the young hero was given too little time. What the war failed to do, disease did. April 13, 1947 Arkady Kamanin died suddenly from meningitis.

He was only 18 years old...

Sasha Borodulin

Alexander Ivanovich Borodulin (March 8, 1926, Leningrad - July 7, 1942) - pioneer hero of the Great Patriotic War.

Sasha Borodulin was born in Leningrad on March 8, 1926, in a family of workers Ivan Alekseevich and Maria Feodorovna. He had two sisters - the elder Tasya and the younger Ira. The family moved to Karelia, and then to the village of Novinka, 70 km from Leningrad. Here Sasha went to school, became a pioneer, was elected chairman of the council of the pioneer squad.

When the war began, Sasha was 15 years old. He joined the Komsomol in September 1941 and volunteered for a partisan detachment. Conducted reconnaissance for a partisan detachment under the command of I. G. Boloznev. Having killed a fascist motorcyclist, he took the first military trophy - a real German machine gun. Distinguished himself in the battle for Chascha station. More than once he went on the most dangerous missions. A lot of destroyed cars and soldiers were on his account. For the performance of dangerous tasks, for the courage, resourcefulness and courage shown, Sasha Borodulin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in the winter of 1941. Punishers tracked down the partisans. For three days the detachment left them, twice escaped from the encirclement, but the enemy ring closed again. Then the commander called in volunteers to cover the withdrawal of the detachment. Sasha stepped forward first. Five took the fight. One by one they died. Sasha was left alone. It was still possible to retreat - the forest was nearby, but every minute that delayed the enemy was so dear to the detachment, and Sasha fought to the end. He, allowing the Nazis to close a ring around him, grabbed a grenade and blew them up and himself. Sasha Borodulin died, but his memory lives on.

Quote from the "Information Bulletin of the Leningrad Section of the SKVV" No. 23 for 1963:

“September 24, 1941. A detachment of partisans under the command of teacher I.G. Boloznev suddenly attacked the enemy garrison st. Thicket of the Vitebsk railway. In an unequal battle, the partisans destroyed the headquarters and several dozen German soldiers and officers. The young partisan Sasha Borodulin distinguished himself in battle.

Historical magazine "Gatchina through the centuries":

New times have come. The pioneer movement was disbanded, school textbooks were rewritten, and now there is no school in Novinka. And the date that the SKVV, the Soviet Committee of War Veterans, entered into its annals, is already 65 years old. Maybe the name of Sasha Borodulin has been forgotten?

I'm calling New. The specialist of the village administration Klavdiya Pavlovna Pyatnitskaya took the phone.

No, Sasha Borodulin is not forgotten. When any significant events are celebrated in the village, we always remember it. We have a memorial plaque in honor of him on the administration building, there is a street named after him in the village. Previously, when the school was, the guys arranged solemn lines, pioneer gatherings. Now there is no school, children - a dozen and a half of them - go to study in Vyritsa.

Which school?

In First High...

I called Vyritskaya secondary school No. 1. I “got out” to the deputy director of the school for educational work, Marina Alexandrovna Sargsyan.

His name is always heard, she says. - When we celebrate the day of the liberation of Vyritsa or Victory Day or celebrate some other date, we always remember his name. Now our school is reconstructing the local history exposition: we are refreshing the illustrations, updating and refining the inscriptions. As before, there will be stands dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, and there will be a place for Sasha Borodulin. No, Vyritsa will remember the heroes of her land. Well, let's rejoice for Sasha Borodulin and for those who were next to him and, not sparing their lives, fought for our Motherland - people remember their sacrificial feat.

NADA BOGDANOVA

Nadezhda Bogdanova was born in the village of Avdanki, Gorodok District, Vitebsk Region, Byelorussian SSR, on December 28, 1931. At the age of 8, she ended up in the 4th Mogilev orphanage. Prior to that, she was a homeless child for a long time. In the orphanage she was an active sportswoman. Mother - Irina Semyonovna Bogdanova. She showed up when Nadia was written about in the newspapers.

In 1941, after the start of World War II, the orphanage where Nadya Bogdanova lived was evacuated to the city of Frunze, Kirghiz SSR. Beyond Smolensk, a train with an echelon in which the orphans were traveling was attacked by fascist planes and bombed three times: many children died, but the survivors fled into the forest and dispersed in all directions.

She was executed twice by the Nazis, and fighting friends for many years considered Nadya dead. She even erected a monument. It's hard to believe, but when she became a scout in the partisan detachment of "Uncle Vanya" Dyachkov, she was not yet ten years old. Small, thin, she, pretending to be a beggar, wandered among the Nazis, noticing everything, remembering everything, and brought the most valuable information to the detachment. And then, together with partisan fighters, she blew up the fascist headquarters, derailed a train with military equipment, and mined objects.

The first time she was captured when, together with Vanya Zvontsov, she hung out a red flag on November 7, 1941 in Vitebsk, occupied by the enemy. They beat her with ramrods, tortured her, and when they brought her to the ditch - to shoot, she had no strength left - she fell into the ditch, for a moment, ahead of the bullet. Vanya died, and the partisans found Nadia alive in the ditch ... The second time she was captured at the end of the 43rd. And again torture: they poured ice water over her in the cold, burned a five-pointed star on her back.

Considering the scout dead, the Nazis, when the partisans attacked Karasevo, abandoned her. Came out of her, paralyzed and almost blind, the locals. After the war in Odessa, Academician V.P. Filatov restored Nadia's sight. 15 years later, she heard on the radio how the head of intelligence of the 6th detachment Slesarenko - her commander - said that the soldiers of their dead comrades would never forget, and named Nadya Bogdanova among them, who saved his life, wounded ... Only then did she appear it was only then that the people who worked with her learned about what an amazing fate she was, Nadya Bogdanova, who was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, and medals.

As already noted, I could not find information about Yulia Kantemirov and Andrei Makarikhin on the Internet, despite the fact that the names of the guys are found in almost all lists of pioneer heroes, and even more so those awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

Having gone to the website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, I found a request form addressed to the Head of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, where there are exactly the squares that interest me.

☐On participation in the Second World War

☐About awarding

5 To provide to which organization (institution)

I have sent an email with the following content:

Head of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

from Major of Justice (Ret.), Counselor of Justice

-----

In order to create a resource on the Internet, through which the publication and distribution of patriotic content takes place, I ask you to provide information about the full personal data, information about the award and other available information related to the period of the Great Patriotic War in relation to persons: Yuliy Kantemirov , Andrey Makarihin, on many resources on the Internet related to pioneer heroes awarded the Order of the Red Banner. There is no other information on the Internet regarding these persons.

Please send the available copies to the address indicated in the appeal and by e-mail.

signature, number.

I will wait, in case of receipt of information, I will definitely place it on the page here.

The Orders of the Patriotic War 1st class were awarded to: Petya Klypa, Valery Volkov, Sasha Kovalev, Vitya Khomenko and others.

PETIA KLYPA

Born September 23, 1927 in Bryansk in the family of a railway worker. Lost his father early. Until 1939 he lived with his mother in Bryansk.

Since 1939, Peter's older brother, Nikolai Klypa, was engaged in the upbringing of Peter, who was an officer in the Red Army with the rank of lieutenant. He commanded a musician platoon of the 333rd Infantry Regiment. Peter was brought up in the regiment from the age of 11.

The regiment participated in the campaign of the Red Army in Western Belarus in 1939, then the Brest Fortress became its place of deployment. Petya dreamed of becoming a military man, more willingly attended drill classes and orchestra rehearsals. But his older comrades strictly followed the attendance at school.

On the last peaceful day, June 21, 1941, the boy was guilty, he went into "AWOL". Without asking his brother, he went to the stadium at the request of a friend. The boys wanted to participate in the game of musicians during the competition. In the future, the brother, of course, noticed the absence of Peter and punished him by sending him to learn the overture to the opera Carmen.

The next day, Petya and Kolya Novikov decided to go fishing and stayed overnight in the barracks. But the dream did not come true - the war broke out ...

In the first minutes of the outbreak of hostilities on the territory of the Soviet Union, as you know, the fortress was in the thick of things. The little soldier woke up from the roar of explosions, among the wounded and dead. He was shell-shocked, but took a gun and defended the Brest Fortress.

His mission was to go to reconnaissance, as he was nimble, small and inconspicuous. On June 23, Peter, together with a friend, found an ammunition depot. It was a truly precious find, as they were sorely lacking. Another valuable discovery was made by Peter a little later - he discovered a warehouse with medicines. I also found a piece of fabric for women and children who did not have time to get dressed, because at the time of the Nazi attack, people were sleeping peacefully. The guys got food, water from the Bug.

Senior comrades in arms wanted to prevent the boy from direct combat operations. But where to keep it. Petya rushed into the thick of it, forgetting about the danger. In a situation where all the forces had already been exhausted, the commander of the 333rd Infantry Regiment offered the children and women to surrender. Young Peter was supposed to be among them. But the boy replied: “I am the son of the 333rd regiment. I will not leave and I will fight to the end.”

At the end of June, the defenders of Brest find themselves in a hopeless situation. The defense leadership is trying to break the siege from the western island. Then turn around to the east, cross the Bug and, after passing the hospital, come close to the fortress. The plan failed miserably. Almost all participants of the breakthrough were killed. But Peter was among those who made their way to the outskirts of the fortress. Here he was taken prisoner.

Another “trick” of a brave and fearless boy went down in history. The cameraman filmed prisoners of war. All were downcast, doomed. And when the camera was aimed at Peter, he showed his fist to the tenants. The fury of those filming was enormous. Peter was beaten very badly, he lost consciousness and our soldiers carried him in their arms.

There was a POW camp in the Polish town of Byala Podlaska, and Petya was sent there. Moving away from the beatings, he finds his friend Nikolai Novikov and other guys from the Brest Fortress. The boys are escaping. They planned to reach the front line and fight on an equal footing with adults. Young soldiers entered the Brest fortress and lived there for about a month.

Only Volodya Kazmin agreed to make his way to his people on the further way. The comrades managed to walk about 100 km through the occupied territory, they were taken prisoner at one of the overnight stays. The Nazis sent friends to Germany. Peter worked as a farm laborer until the end of the war, until he was liberated by the Red Army.

In 1949, he was sentenced to 25 years and sent to serve his sentence in the Kolyma camp, due to the fact that he was engaged in speculation and robbery with a friend. To wash away the shame, he tried to commit suicide - he lay on the snow in severe frost, but he was found and rescued. Subsequently, the writer Sergei Smirnov helped to mitigate the sentence, having decided to write a work about the defense of the fortress. After 7 years in prison, he left and got married. Died December 16, 1983.

Thanks to the book by Sergei Smirnov "The Brest Fortress", the name of Peter Klypa became known throughout the Soviet Union, pioneer squads were named after him, the young hero of the Brest Fortress was invited to solemn events.

The film "Brest Fortress" filmed in 2010. The prototype of the main character - Sashka Akimov, on behalf of whom the story is being told - a memory throughout the film - was Petya Klypa.

VALERY VOLKOV

One of the participants in the partisan movement operating in Sevastopol. After the death of his father (killed by the Nazis), at the age of 13 (according to other sources at 14) he becomes the "son of the regiment" of the 7th Marine Brigade. Along with adults, he participates in hostilities. Brings cartridges, extracts intelligence data, with weapons in hand, holds back enemy attacks. According to the recollections of fellow soldiers, he loved poetry and often read Mayakovsky to his comrades. Possessing good literary data, he edited in his own way a unique handwritten leaflet newspaper - Okopnaya Pravda (published in the Pravda newspaper on February 8, 1963). In the only issue that has come down to us, the 11th issue opens with a skillful author beyond his age. His lines are imbued with patriotism, courage, confidence in victory and the desire to live.

In July 1942, repelling an enemy attack, he heroically dies by throwing a bunch of grenades under an advancing tank.

For a long time, Volkov's feat remained unknown. Only in the mid-60s did his surviving brother-soldiers Ivan Petrunenko and Ilita Daurova shed light on the life of the young hero. They hand over the mentioned 11th edition of Trench Pravda into the hands of historians. In their memoirs, they talk about the fate of Valera, his character. The search begins for the school where the hero died. Thanks to the enthusiasm of the pioneers of the entire Soviet Union, much has been restored. They also found a school, not far from which Volkov fought. His life, his struggle serve as an example of the heroic international courage of the Soviet people in the struggle for their own freedom and convictions.

Text of the 11th edition of Trench Truth

TRENCH TRUTH #11

Our 10 is a powerful fist that will be a division to the enemy, and, as Major Zhidelev said, we will fight like a division. There is no force in the world that will defeat us, the Soviet state, because we ourselves are the masters, we are led by the Communist Party. Look who we are. Here, in the 52nd school:

Commander of the Marine Infantry Regiment, Major Zhidelev, Russian.

Captain, cavalryman, Georgian Gobiladze.

Tankman, Private Vasily Paukshtite, Latvian.

Medical doctor, captain Mammadov, Uzbek.

Pilot, junior lieutenant Ilita Daurova, Ossetian.

Sailor Ibragim Ibragimov, Kazan Tatar.

Artilleryman Petrunenko from Kyiv, Ukrainian.

Sergeant, infantryman Bogomolov from Leningrad, Russian.

Scout, diver Arkady Zhuravlev from Vladivostok.

I, the son of a shoemaker, a student of the 4th grade, Valery Volkov, Russian.

Look what a powerful fist we are and how many Germans are beating us, and how many we have beaten them; look at what happened around this school yesterday, how many of them are dead, and we, like a powerful fist, are safe and holding on, and they, bastards, think that there are a thousand of us here, and they are coming against us in thousands. Ha ha, cowards, even the seriously wounded leave and run away. Oh, how I want to live and tell all this after the victory. To everyone who will study at this school! 52nd school! Your walls hold like a miracle among the ruins, your foundation did not flinch, like our powerful fist of dozens ...

Dear Ten! Which of you will survive, tell everyone who will study at this school; wherever you are, come and tell everything that happened here in Sevastopol. I want to become a bird and fly around the whole of Sevastopol, every house, every school, every street. These are such powerful fists, there are millions of them, we will never be defeated by the bastards Hitler and others. There are millions of us, look! From the Far East to Riga, from the Caucasus to Kyiv, from Sevastopol to Tashkent, there are millions of such fists, and we are invincible like steel!

SASHA KOVALEV

Alexander Filippovich Kovalev (real name Rabinovich; January 4, 1927, Moscow - May 9, 1944, Murmansk region) - cabin engineer of the Northern Fleet, pioneer hero.

Commander of the brigade of torpedo boats of the Northern Fleet A.V. Kuzmin presents the cabin boy Sasha Kovalev with the Order of the Red Star

The writer Valentin Pikul spoke about the feat of the cabin boy of the Northern Fleet during the Great Patriotic War in his novel "Boys with Bows". This novel was autobiographical - Pikul himself was a graduate of the Solovetsky Jung School, after which he fought on the destroyer Grozny.

On a destroyer with a very similar name - "Gromkiy" - cabin boy Alexander Kovalev began his service, who was destined to become one of the legends of the Northern Fleet. He had a very difficult fate. The young man fought for his Motherland not under his real name, and the tragic story of his parents became the reason for this.

Sasha Kovalev, or rather Alexander Filippovich Rabinovich, was born on January 4, 1927 in Moscow, in the family of a high-ranking Soviet employee, head of the production department of the Main Directorate of the Aluminum Industry of the USSR Narkomtyazhprom Philip Markovich Rabinovich and his wife, a hereditary physician, Elena Yakovlevna Rabinovich.

The first years of Sasha's life were cloudless. Perhaps Sasha lived even better than most of his peers - the high position held by Philip Rabinovich gave him great opportunities. In 1937, Rabinovich was on a business trip to the United States, upon his return from which he was arrested. The family idyll collapsed, the happy childhood of Sasha Rabinovich melted away like smoke. Following her husband, Elena Rabinovich also fell into the millstones of the Great Terror. Philip Rabinovich was shot in 1938, and his wife received 8 years in the camps, followed by exile.

The 10-year-old boy was raised by his mother's sister, Raisa Wright-Kovaleva. Raisa Yakovlevna was a well-known writer and translator who published under the pseudonym "Rita Wright - Kovaleva". She translated into Russian the works of Edgar Allan Poe, Kurt Vonnegut, Kafka, created an artistic biography of Robert Burns, wrote memoirs about Mayakovsky, Khlebnikov, Akhmatova, whom she knew personally, created a host of other works.

The aunt tried to give her nephew a good education and upbringing, as far as possible she replaced his mother. The father for the boy was the husband of Raisa Rait-Kovaleva, captain of the 2nd rank Nikolai Petrovich Kovalev, the flagship mechanic of the White Sea military flotilla. It was he who instilled in Sasha a love for the sea.

When the war began, Captain Kovalev, together with the headquarters of the flotilla, went to Arkhangelsk, and his wife, together with Sasha, left for the Yaroslavl region. At the very end of 1941, they reunited in Arkhangelsk, where Rita Rait-Kovaleva began working as a radio announcer, and 14-year-old Sasha helped the sailors of the command boat.

In the autumn of 1942, the Solovetsky Jung School was opened. Sasha, who dreamed of fighting the Nazis, wanted to get there. However, Alexander Rabinovich, the son of "enemies of the people", could not count on such an honor.

Sasha was helped by his uncle, who, at his own peril and risk, organized the forgery. He sent his nephew to act according to the documents of Alexander Nikolaevich Kovalev, a native of the Gorky region, who had not previously been selected for school. Kovalev was a year older than Rabinovich, but his surname and patronymic suited Sasha perfectly - those who were not privy to family secrets believed that he was the son of Captain Nikolai Kovalev.

After brilliantly graduating from the school of a cabin boy with a degree in minder, Sasha Kovalev was sent to serve on the destroyer of the Northern Fleet Gromkiy. But Sasha dreamed of serving on a torpedo boat and submitted report after report to the command with a request for a transfer. He achieved his goal - in February 1944, cabin boy Kovalev was transferred to serve as an apprentice minder on torpedo boat No. 209 (TK - 209).

On the night of April 7, 1944, TK-209, along with another torpedo boat, attacked an enemy convoy. The joint actions of the boats destroyed two enemy transports. Sasha Kovalev acted boldly and confidently, as the Krasnoflotets newspaper reported, "stood next to the commander, calmly and calmly reported to him about the direction of the artillery fire routes and the fall of enemy shells, and provided great assistance in carrying out an important maneuver." For this fight, cabin boy Alexander Kovalev was awarded the Order of the Red Star.

Sasha Kovalev was awarded the order on May 1, 1944, just a few days before his main feat.

On May 8, 1944, TK-209 and another boat, TK-217, attacked a group of enemy ships. Having knocked out two enemy patrol boats, the boats began to leave. The Germans managed to knock out the TK-217, which began to sink. TK-209, under the cover of a smoke screen, removed the crew of the sinking boat and began to return to the base. At that moment, he was attacked by German fighters. Their fire pierced the collector of the motor, from which water mixed with oil and gasoline began to gush. The boat lost speed, after a few minutes the overheated motor could explode, killing the crews of two boats.

And at that moment, the young minder Kovalev, throwing a quilted jacket over the collector, closed the hole with his chest. The temperature of the liquid was 70 degrees, Sasha was pierced by wild pain, but he continued to close the hole, giving the boat the opportunity to get away from the chase.

When the TK-209 broke away from the chase, the engine was stopped, and the sailors carried the unconscious Sasha to the deck. He received terrible burns, but it was impossible to help him on the boat. All that the crew could do was to lubricate the burns with engine oil, which at least slightly eased Sasha's suffering.

Having reached the shore and prevented the boat from sinking, the sailors counted more than 350 holes in it. However, the boat kept moving. For repairs, it was necessary to get to the main base of torpedo boats in the village of Granitny, where TK-209 left on May 9th. Sasha was placed on the stern of the boat, where the wind blew him, slightly quenching the pain. But during the transition, a fire and explosion occurred at the stern of the boat, caused by the ignition of a phosphorus projectile stuck in the skin after the raid. Midshipman Kapralov and cabin boy Kovalev died.

For his feat, Alexander Kovalev was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.

In honor of Sasha Kovalev, as well as other fallen heroes-sailors of torpedo boats of the Northern Fleet, a monument was erected in the village of Granitny. However, in 1996, the military left the village of Granitny, and in 2006, due to the lack of population, the administration of the Murmansk region abolished the village.

The obelisk in honor of Sasha Kovalev and his comrades-in-arms remained in a ghost town, which was visited only by non-ferrous metal hunters.

But still, the persistent appeals of public figures and veterans of the fleet were heard: in July 2010, the remains of the dead sailors and the monument in their honor were transferred to the city of Severomorsk, which is the main base of the Northern Fleet.

Streets in the settlements of Granite, Solovetsky, in the cities of Krasnodar, Murmansk and Severomorsk are named after Sasha Kovalev. The name of Sasha Kovalev is given to schools in Granitny and other settlements, the House of Children's Art in Severomorsk.

The “Ballad about cabin boy Sasha Kovalev” is dedicated to the young Hero.

Ballad about cabin boy Sasha Kovalev

The harsh sea of ​​the Barents,

What are you singing about today?

That never gets old

A hero who accomplished a feat.

The boy who fell in battle

Forever stays young...

Sea, sea, sing to us about Sasha,

Sing about the brave, cheerful cabin boy.

Riptured by an ominous rainbow

Inflated in the abyss of foam.

One - with a fascist squadron,

Our torpedo boat gave battle.

And he was equal among the elders

In fact, our peer is young ...

Oh, waves, why are you silent,

What happened during the fight...

Engine pierced by shrapnel

Kovalev covered himself!

And, having corrected death with a feat,

Forever he remained young ...

Music: Yuri Chichkov, Lyrics: Konstantin Ibryaev

VITYA KHOMENKO and SHURA KOBER

Viktor Kirillovich Khomenko (September 12, 1926, Kremenchug - December 5, 1942, Nikolaev) - pioneer hero

Alexander Pavlovich Kober (November 5, 1926, Nikolaev, Ukrainian SSR - December 5, 1942, Nikolaev, Ukrainian SSR) - pioneer hero

Pioneers Vitya Khomenko and Shura Kober passed their heroic path of struggle against the Nazis in the underground organization "Nikolaev Center" in the city of Nikolaev.

At school, in German, Vitya was "excellent", and the underground instructed the pioneer to get a job in the officer's canteen. He washed dishes, sometimes served the officers in the hall and listened to their conversations. In drunken arguments, the Nazis blurted out information that was of great interest to the "Nikolaev Center".

The officers began to send the quick, smart boy on errands, and soon made him a messenger at the headquarters. It could not have occurred to them that the most secret packages were the first to be read by the underground at the turnout ...

Together with Shura Kober, Vitya was given the task of crossing the front line in order to establish contact with Moscow. In Moscow, at the headquarters of the partisan movement, they reported on the situation and told about what they had observed on the way.

Returning to Nikolaev, the guys delivered a radio transmitter, explosives, and weapons to the underground workers. Again, fighting without fear or hesitation. On December 5, 1942, ten underground workers were captured by the Nazis and executed. Among them are two boys - Shura Kober and Vitya Khomenko. They lived as heroes and died as heroes.

The Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree - posthumously - was awarded by the Motherland of both Heroes. Twelve schools are named after Vitya Khomenko, including the school where he studied. Five schools bear the name of Shura Kober. In Nikolaev, in Pioneer Square, a monument was erected to Vita Khomenko and Shura Kober, built with funds raised by Ukrainian schoolchildren.

NINA KUKOVEROVA

Every summer, mother took Nina and her younger brother and sister from Leningrad to the village of Nechepert, where there is clean air, soft grass, where honey and fresh milk ... When the war began, mother with children - 14-year-old Nina and two younger ones - remained in the village. Father at this time was taken to the front. In August, the Nazis entered the Leningrad region. On the 28th they took Caps and Nechepert. The remnants of the defeated Soviet units made their way to the east in groups. Then Nina sheltered the first wounded Red Army soldiers in the house. Soon partisans appeared and Nina became a partisan scout. Everything that she saw around, she remembered, reported to the detachment. A punitive detachment is located in the village of Gory, all approaches are blocked, even the most experienced scouts cannot get through. Nina volunteered to go. She walked a dozen and a half kilometers on a snow-covered plain, a field. The Nazis did not pay attention to the chilled, tired girl with a bag, and nothing escaped her attention - neither the headquarters, nor the fuel depot, nor the location of the sentries. And when at night the partisan detachment set out on a campaign, Nina walked next to the commander as a scout, as a guide. Fascist warehouses flew into the air that night, the headquarters flared up, punishers fell, slain by furious fire. More than once, Nina went on combat missions - a pioneer, awarded the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st degree. According to her intelligence, several attacks were made on the stationed German detachments, which were preparing to be transferred to Leningrad or were returning from there for treatment.

A year later, the Kukoverovs, like other local residents, were sent to a camp in Gatchina. And from there they were taken to Velikiye Luki. Nina immediately went to the partisans. And then she went to the squad. As in the Tosnensky district, she began to walk around the villages - to collect information, put up leaflets.

The young heroine is dead. But the memory of the daughter of Russia is alive. She was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class. Nina Kukoverova is forever enrolled in her pioneer team. Nina went on a mission and never returned. The traitor betrayed her. She died in terrible agony, but without saying a word. Her name is included in the lists of dead pioneers on the monument in the Tauride Garden in Leningrad - http://memorialcards.ru/collec...

The place of memory of Nina for many years was the village of Shapki, in the Tosnensky district. Local teachers and students from the 50s kept in touch with her mother Alexandra Stepanovna, collected information about the life of a pioneer, hosted schoolchildren from all over the USSR. In the early 2000s, the Shapkinskaya school was closed. Classes were transferred to neighboring Nurma.

UTAH BONDAROVSKAYA

Yuta Bondarovskaya (Bondarovskaya Iya V.) (January 6, 1928, Zalazi village, Leningrad Region - February 28, 1944, Roostoya farm, Estonia) - pioneer hero, partisan of the 6th Leningrad partisan brigade.

Summer has finally begun, lessons at Peterhof School No. 415 are over and 13-year-old pioneer from Leningrad Yuta Bondarovskaya went to spend her holidays in the Pskov region, to her mother's sister. However, the holidays did not take place.

On June 22, 1941, German troops invaded the territory of the Soviet Union. While tanks and cars rumbled in the forests and on the roads, thousands of fighters and bombers covered the sky.

It was in the Pskov region that Utah was caught by the war. I saw and heard how bombs exploded in the west, including from Leningrad, and the sky burned. And this was the most difficult thing for Yuta - the realization that while she was here, in Leningrad, where her mother remained, there was a fierce war going on. But after news reached her that the Germans had taken Leningrad under blockade, Utah could not sit idly by. Her soul was warmed by the dream of getting to her native city and freeing her mother.

With such thoughts, Utah got into the partisan detachment. Despite the fact that the partisans initially wanted to send her back to her aunt, she was so stubborn that they had to leave her. At first, Yuta was just a liaison for the partisans, but later she became a scout. Dressing as a beggar, Utah walked around the villages, asked the Germans for some food, and at the same time memorized the location of the German troops, the composition of the groups, their defense and offensive resources. Despite a good disguise, Yuta's partner, Masha, was exposed by the Germans and shot.

As time went on, Utah, as an exemplary pioneer and patriot, continued to contribute to the defense of his homeland. Even after the blockade was lifted from her native Leningrad, she remained in the partisan detachment. She joined the 1st Estonian Partisan Brigade, which moved west into Estonian territory. It was an incredibly difficult transition. When crossing the frozen Lake Peipus, where the front line was located, the brigade was subjected to constant attacks in open territory. Supplies, horses, convoys were lost in the battles, many soldiers died and were wounded.

The wounded were carried on stretchers through deep snowdrifts, there was no food, no time to rest, and the frosts only got stronger. But this did not break the spirit of resistance in Utah, and she steadfastly endured all these difficulties, tirelessly helping the partisans in her 15 years, and her permanent red pioneer tie inspired hope in the fighters even when the situation seemed completely hopeless.

On February 27, 1944, the lake was finally behind us, Utah was the first to volunteer to go on reconnaissance. She discovered a village free from the Germans, where she brought hungry and exhausted partisans. But there was little time for rest. The next day, the Germans and Utah came to the village, along with other partisans, grabbed a machine gun and ran into the thick of it. The partisans stopped the Germans that day, the battle was won, but Utah did not live to see the end.

Yuta, at the age of 15, died in battle from German machine gun shots with a machine gun in her hands and in a red tie. She was later found and buried. 15-year-old Yuta Bondarovskaya was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree and the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" of the 1st degree. Her mother survived the blockade and remained in Leningrad.

Since childhood, we all know stories about the heroism shown by the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War. No one can be indifferent in the face of an enemy who has come to your home. It doesn’t matter at all whether you are 15 years old or 35. You are an experienced soldier, or just a girl who came to her aunt for the summer holidays. It is impossible to stay away when the enemy has surrounded your hometown, where your mother stayed. And it is our duty to remember this, no matter what. Even after centuries, we must remember this feat of our people, when history was made every day by a simple soldier, tractor driver or just a child.

It is difficult to predict how history turned if Utah did not make a choice at the beginning of the war, because history does not like the subjunctive at all. Perhaps the partisans would have died much more if they had not received information from Utah about the location of the German troops. It is quite possible that the 1st Estonian partisan brigade would not have crossed Lake Peipsi, and the inhabitants of the village died from the German invaders. But Yuta Bondarovskaya made her choice, and the partisans, who possessed the information, over and over again delivered pinpoint strikes, undermining the German groupings of troops.

The 1st Estonian Partisan Brigade crossed Lake Peipus and repulsed the attack of German troops, took an active part in the liberation of Estonian territories, saving countless lives. Yuta Bondarovskaya made a choice and put her life on the altar of war so that the next generations could live in freedom and equality. Not in vain, the Soviet children's writer Zhanna Braun dedicated her story to Yuta, which was named after her. It was published in the cycle of stories "Pioneer Heroes" and extremely colorfully describes all the difficulties that Utah had to face in his partisan activities and does not leave the reader indifferent either to Utah or to her feat and dedication. How can we repay the heroes of the past?

The most important thing to remember. After all, if we remember those events, they will not be able to happen again. And the second thing we can do is be proud that it was our people who, with their strength and will, saved the whole world from fascism. Yuta Bondarovskaya. Click to view in large format Wherever the blue-eyed girl Yuta went, her red tie was always with her...

In the summer of 1941, she came from Leningrad for a vacation to a village near Pskov. Here overtook Utah formidable news: war! Here she saw the enemy. Utah began to help the partisans. First she was a messenger, then a scout. Disguised as a beggar boy, she collected information from the villages: where the headquarters of the Nazis were, how they were guarded, how many machine guns.

Returning from the task, she immediately tied a red tie. And as if strength was added! Utah supported the tired fighters with a sonorous pioneer song, a story about her native Leningrad ...

And how happy everyone was, how the partisans congratulated Yuta when a message came to the detachment: the blockade had been broken! Leningrad survived, Leningrad won! That day, both Yuta's blue eyes and her red tie shone like never before.

But the land was still groaning under the enemy yoke, and the detachment, together with units of the Red Army, left to help the partisans of Estonia. In one of the battles - near the Estonian farm Rostov - Yuta Bondarovskaya, the little heroine of the great war, a pioneer who did not part with her red tie, died the death of the brave. The Motherland awarded her heroic daughter posthumously with the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st class, the Order of the Patriotic War 1st class.

GALYA KOMLEV

Galina Sergeevna Komleva (1929-1943).

When the war began, and the Nazis were approaching Leningrad, for underground work in the village of Tarnovichi - in the south of the Leningrad region - Anna Petrovna Semenova, a school counselor, was left. To communicate with the partisans, she picked up her most reliable pioneers, and the first among them was Galina Komleva. Cheerful, brave, inquisitive girl in her six school years was awarded six times with books with the signature: "For excellent study"

The young messenger brought assignments from the partisans to her leader, and she forwarded her reports to the detachment along with bread, potatoes, products, which were obtained with great difficulty. Once, when a messenger from the partisan detachment did not arrive at the meeting point on time, Galya, half-frozen, herself made her way to the detachment, handed over a report and, having warmed up a little, hurried back, carrying a new task to the underground.

Together with Komsomol member Tasya Yakovleva, Galya wrote leaflets and scattered them around the village at night. The Nazis tracked down and captured the young underground workers. They were kept in the Gestapo for two months. After being severely beaten, they threw him into a cell, and in the morning they took him out again for interrogation. Galya did not say anything to the enemy, she did not betray anyone. The young patriot was shot.

The Motherland marked the feat of Gali Komleva with the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree.

LARA MIKHEENKO

Larisa (Lara) Dorofeevna Mikheenko (1929, Lakhta, Leningrad Region - November 4, 1943, near the village of Ignatovo, Kalinin Region) - pioneer hero.

Lara Mikheenko was born into a family of workers Dorofei Ilyich and Tatyana Andreevna Mikheenko. Lara's father was mobilized in the Soviet-Finnish war, her mother died in 1997.

The war cut the girl off from her hometown. At the beginning of June 1941, Lara, together with her grandmother, went on a summer vacation to her uncle Larion in the village of Pechenevo, Pustoshkinsky district, Kalinin region (now the territory of the Pskov region). Here they found the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. The offensive of the Wehrmacht was swift, and by the end of the summer the Pustoshkinsky district was under German occupation. The pioneer dreamed of breaking out of Hitler's slavery, making her way to her own. And one night with two older friends left the village.

At the headquarters of the 6th Kalinin brigade, the commander, Major P. V. Ryndin, at first turned out to accept "so small": well, what kind of partisans are they! But how much even its very young citizens can do for the Motherland! The girls were able to do what strong men could not. Dressed in rags, Lara walked around the villages, finding out where and how the guns were located, sentries were placed, what German cars were moving along the highway, what kind of trains and with what cargo they came to the Pustoshka station.

She also participated in military operations ...

In August 1943, the partisan detachment, in which Lara was a member, took an active part in the "rail war". The partisans began to regularly blow up railway lines, bridges and derail German trains.

Lara, who by this time had already shown herself excellently in intelligence and had a good “sense” of the terrain, was transferred to the 21st brigade of Akhremenkov, whose purpose was precisely to conduct sabotage activities on the railway.

Lara also took part in blowing up one of the trains, volunteering to be an assistant to one of the demolition men who was instructed to blow up the railway bridge across the Drissa River on the Polotsk-Nevel line. Already an experienced scout, Larisa this time completed the task assigned to her to collect information about the regime of protection of the bridge and the possibility of mining it. Thanks to the participation of Lara, it was possible to disable not only the bridge, but also the enemy echelon passing through it: the girl managed to convince the miner that at the right time she would be able to get as close as possible to the bridge unnoticed by the sentry and light the igniter cord in front of the approaching train. Risking her life, she managed to fulfill her plan and safely move back. Subsequently, after the war, for this feat Larisa Mikheenko will be awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree (posthumously).

In early November 1943, Larisa and two more partisans went on reconnaissance to the village of Ignatovo and stopped at the house of a trusted person. While the partisans communicated with the mistress of the house, Larisa remained outside for observation. Enemies suddenly appeared (as it turned out later, one of the local residents passed the partisan turnout. Some sources claim that he was Lara Mikheenko's uncle). Larisa managed to warn the men inside, but was captured. In the ensuing unequal battle, both partisans were killed. Larisa was brought to the hut for interrogation. Lara had a lemon hand grenade in her coat, which she decided to use. However, the grenade thrown by the girl at the patrol did not explode for some unknown reason.

On November 4, 1943, Larisa Dorofeevna Mikheenko, after interrogation, accompanied by torture and humiliation, was shot.

Dozens of pioneers were awarded the Order of the Red Star: Valya Zenkina, Volodya Samorukha, and others, hundreds of pioneers were awarded the medal "Partisan of the Great Patriotic War", over 15,000 - the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad", over 20,000 medals "For the Defense of Moscow".

VALYA ZENKINA

Valentina Ivanovna Zenkina (married - Sachkovskaya) (1927) - pioneer hero. A participant in the hostilities in the Brest Fortress of the Byelorussian SSR.

The Brest Fortress was the first to take the blow of the enemy. Bombs and shells exploded, walls collapsed, people died both in the fortress and in the city of Brest. From the first minutes, Valin's father went into battle. He left and did not return, he died a hero, like many defenders of the Brest Fortress.

And the Nazis forced Valya to sneak into the fortress under fire in order to convey to its defenders the demand to surrender. Valya made her way into the fortress, spoke about the atrocities of the Nazis, explained what weapons they had, indicated their location and remained to help our soldiers. She bandaged the wounded, collected cartridges and brought them to the fighters.

There was not enough water in the fortress, it was divided by throat. I was painfully thirsty, but Valya again and again refused her sip: the wounded needed water. When the command of the Brest Fortress decided to take the children and women out of the fire, to transport them to the other side of the Mukhavets River - there was no other way to save their lives - the little nurse Valya Zenkina asked to be left with the soldiers. But an order is an order, and then she vowed to continue the fight against the enemy until complete victory.

And Valya kept her oath. Various tests fell on her lot. But she survived. Withstood. And she continued her struggle already in the partisan detachment. She fought bravely, on a par with adults. For courage and courage, the Motherland awarded her young daughter with the Order of the Red Star.

VOLODYA SAMORUKHA

Vladimir Petrovich Samorukha, 11 years old: Order of the Red Star for a 500-kilometer raid.

A partisan detachment operated near Vinnitsa under the command of the former secretary of the district committee, Peter Samorukha. There was no communication with Moscow or with other detachments. We just heard that in Western Ukraine there is a strong group called the Pobediteli, headed by Dmitry Medvedev. It would be nice to get in touch with them. And the commander sent his 11-year-old son Volodya to this task. He sewed one note into his cap, the other into his jacket. In two weeks the boy walked 500 km from village to village and reached Rovno. And then the most incredible begins.

Father said to find partisans. But how? Volodya began to spin at the watchmaker's workshop. Why there? No answer. But the thing is that this workshop was a partisan turnout. How did the guy figure it out? Accidentally? Or the father, sending, gave operational options: a watchmaker, a shoemaker ... A few days later, one of the underground workers noticed the boy. "What did you lose?" - "I'm looking for a partisan!" This is how Medvedev himself described this story in his memoirs. They decided to take the guy to the detachment and find out there. In the evening they picked it up - and to a conditional place. There's a car. And a German officer. Here Volodya shouted "Yes, I was joking about the partisans!" rushed off. Now the partisans were no longer in the mood for jokes: is it really a provocateur from the policemen? Instantly caught up with a strange kid. The conversation got serious. But soon everything became clear: the boy, seeing a German officer, thought that he had fallen into the hands of the enemy. That officer, by the way, was none other than the famous Nikolai Kuznetsov (Paul Zilbert) - who doesn’t know the film “The Feat of the Scout” shot about him!

Medvedev reported information about the Vinnitsa detachment to Moscow, a plane from the mainland flew to Pyotr Samorukh and his comrades, delivered weapons, and took away the wounded. Only one request of Samorukha-father Medvedev could not fulfill - to send his son to Moscow. He flatly refused. And he fought under the command of the commander of the legendary detachment before the start

1944, when the Vinnitsa region was liberated from the Nazis. Then Volodya finally met his father. And for his 500-kilometer raid he received the Order of the Red Star.

LIDA VASHKEVICH

Lydia Vashkevich - participant of the Great Patriotic War, pioneer hero. Date of birth is unknown.

An ordinary black bag would not have attracted the attention of visitors to the local history museum if it had not been for a red tie lying next to it. A boy or girl involuntarily freezes, an adult stops, and they read a yellowed certificate issued by the commissioner

partisan detachment. The fact that the young mistress of these relics, pioneer Lida Vashkevich, risking her life, helped to fight the Nazis. There is another reason to stop near these exhibits: Lida was awarded the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st degree.

In the city of Grodno, occupied by the Nazis, the communist underground operated. One of the groups was led by Lida's father. Connected underground workers, partisans came to him, and every time the commander's daughter was on duty at the house. From the side to look - played. And she vigilantly peered, listened, whether the policemen, the patrol, were approaching,

and, if necessary, signaled to her father. Dangerous? Very. But compared to other tasks, it was almost a game. Lida got paper for flyers by buying a couple of sheets in different stores, often with the help of her friends. A pack will be typed, the girl will hide it at the bottom of a black bag and deliver it to the agreed place. And the next day the whole city reads the words of truth about the victories of the Red Army near Moscow, Stalingrad.

A girl warned the people's avengers about the round-ups, bypassing safe houses. She traveled by train from station to station to convey an important message to partisans and underground workers. She carried the explosives past the fascist posts in the same black bag, filling it to the top with coal and trying not to bend so as not to arouse suspicion - coal is easier than explosives ...

That's what kind of bag ended up in the Grodno Museum. And the tie that Lida then wore in her bosom: she could not, did not want to part with it.

I would also like to note the youngest Hero that I managed to find.

Sasha Kolesnikov

Alexander Alexandrovich Kolesnikov (born 1931)

This brave pioneer - and he met the victory at the age of fourteen! - awarded the Order of Glory III degree, Order of the Patriotic War I degree, medals "For Courage" - twice, "For the liberation of Warsaw", "For the capture of Berlin", "For the victory over Germany".

Sanya was able to do something that was beyond the power of adults - he obtained intelligence data literally under the nose of the enemy. He was instructed to find out where the strategic branch of the railway leads, the one that was heavily guarded by the Nazis. Sanya traced its entire path, and then, climbing the trees, marked it with pieces of white matter - the target was perfectly visible from the planes.

Once the scouts were given the task of blowing up the bridge. For two days they were watching the guards - it seemed that they could not get close to the bridge. And then Sanya, taking explosives, climbed into the box under the freight wagon and, when the train approached the bridge, set fire to the fuse fuse. Water flashed below, Sanya jumped - and then a terrible explosion crushed both the train and the bridge.

The Nazi boat picked up the boy. Sanya was tortured, crucified on the wall. But the scouts recaptured their young friend, the hero. Then there was a hospital, then again a native regiment and a victorious path to Berlin itself!

Here is what Alexander himself says about himself.

In March 1943, my friend and I ran away from school and went to the front. We managed to get into a freight train, into a car with pressed hay. It seemed that everything was going well, but at one of the stations we were found and sent back to Moscow.

On the way back, I again fled to the front - to my father, who served as deputy commander of a mechanized corps. Wherever I just was, how many roads I had to walk, drive on passing cars: Once in Nizhyn, I accidentally met a wounded tanker from my father's unit. It turned out that the priest had received news from my mother about my "heroic" deed and promised to give me an excellent "brush" at the meeting.

The latter significantly changed my plans. Without thinking twice, I joined the tankers, who were heading to the rear for reorganization. I told them that my father was also a tanker, that he lost his mother during the evacuation, that he was left completely alone: ​​They believed me, they accepted me into the unit as the son of the regiment - in the 50th regiment of the 11th tank corps. So at the age of 12 I became a soldier.

Twice I went to reconnaissance behind enemy lines, and both times I coped with the task. True, for the first time he almost betrayed our radio operator, who was carrying a new set of electric batteries for the radio. The meeting was scheduled at the cemetery. Call sign - duck quack. It so happened that I got to the cemetery at night. The picture is horrific: all the graves are torn apart by shells: Probably, more from fear than based on the real situation, he began to quack. I quacked so hard that I didn’t notice how our radio operator crawled up from behind and, covering my mouth with his palm, whispered: “You’ve gone crazy, lad? Where have you seen ducks quacking at night?! They sleep at night!” However, the task was completed. After successful campaigns behind enemy lines, I was respectfully called none other than San Sanych.

In June 1944, the 1st Belorussian Front began preparations for the offensive. I was called to the intelligence department of the corps and introduced to the pilot-lieutenant colonel. The air ace looked at me with great doubt. The head of intelligence intercepted his glance and assured that San Sanych could be trusted, that I had been a "shooting sparrow" for a long time.

The pilot-lieutenant colonel was laconic. The Germans near Minsk are preparing a powerful defensive barrier. By rail, equipment is continuously transferred to the front. Unloading is carried out somewhere in the forest, on a camouflaged railway line, 60-70 kilometers from the front line. This thread needs to be destroyed. But doing this is not at all easy. The reconnaissance paratroopers did not return from the mission. Air reconnaissance also cannot detect this branch: the disguise is impeccable. The task is to find a secret railway line within three days and mark its location by hanging old linens on the trees.

They changed me into civilian clothes and gave me a bale of bed linen. It turned out to be a homeless teenager who changes linen for food. Crossed the front line at night with a group of scouts. They had their own task, and soon we parted. I made my way through the forest, along the main railway. Every 300-400 meters - paired fascist patrols. Quite exhausted, he dozed off during the day and almost got caught. Woke up from a strong kick. Two policemen searched me, shook the whole bale of laundry. A few potatoes, a piece of bread and bacon were found and immediately taken away. They also took a couple of pillowcases and towels with Belarusian embroidery. At parting, they "blessed": - Get out before they shoot you!

And got off with that. Fortunately, the police did not turn my pockets inside out. Then there would be trouble: a topographic map with the location of railway stations was printed on the lining of my jacket pocket ...

On the third day, I stumbled upon the bodies of the paratroopers that the pilot-lieutenant colonel spoke about.

Soon barbed wire blocked my path. The restricted area has begun. I made my way along the wire for several kilometers until I reached the main railway line. Lucky: the military train, loaded with tanks, slowly turned off the main path and disappeared between the trees. Here it is, the mysterious thread!

The Nazis disguised it superbly. Moreover, the echelon was moving "tail" forward! The locomotive was located behind the train. Thus, the impression was created that the locomotive was smoking on the main line.

At night, I climbed to the top of a tree growing at the junction of the railway line with the main highway and hung the first sheet there. By dawn, I hung out bed linen in three more places. I marked the last point with my own shirt, tying it by the sleeves. Now she fluttered in the wind like a flag.

He sat on the tree until the morning. It was very scary, but most of all I was afraid to fall asleep and miss the reconnaissance aircraft. "Lavochkin-5" appeared on time. The Nazis did not touch him, so as not to give themselves away. The plane circled for a long time at a distance, then passed over me, turned towards the front and flapped its wings. It was a prearranged signal: "The branch has been spotted, leave - we will bomb!"

He untied his shirt and went down to the ground. Having moved only two kilometers away, I heard the rumble of our bombers, and soon, where the enemy’s secret branch passed, gaps flared up. The echo of their cannonade accompanied me the entire first day of my journey to the front line.

The next day I went to the Sluch River. There were no auxiliary boats to cross the river. In addition, on the opposite side could be seen the gatehouse of the enemy guard. About a kilometer to the north, there was an old wooden bridge with a single railway track. I decided to cross it on a German train: I'll hitch it somewhere on the brake pad. So I already did several times. Both on the bridge and along the railroad there were sentries. I decided to try my luck at the siding where trains stop to let passers by. He crawled, hiding behind bushes, fortifying himself with strawberries along the way. And suddenly, right in front of me - a boot! Thought it was German. He began to crawl back, but then he heard a muffled report: - Another echelon is passing, Comrade Captain!

Relieved from the heart. I pulled the captain by the boot, which seriously frightened him. We got to know each other: we crossed the front line together. From haggard faces, I realized that the scouts had been at the bridge for more than one day, but they could not do anything to destroy this crossing. The approaching echelon was unusual: the cars were sealed, the SS guards. Nothing but ammunition! The train stopped to let an oncoming hospital train pass. Submachine gunners from the guards of the ammo echelon went over to the opposite side from us to see if there were any acquaintances among the wounded.

And then it dawned on me! He snatched the explosive from the hands of the fighter and, without waiting for permission, rushed to the embankment. He crawled under the car, struck a match: And then the car wheels moved from their place, an SS man's forged boot hung from the footboard. It is impossible to get out from under the car: How to be? On the move, he opened a coal box - "dog lover" - and climbed in there along with explosives. When the wheels thudded dully on the bridge deck, he struck a match again and lit the fuse fuse.

Only a few seconds remained before the explosion. I look at the burning fuse and think: I’m about to be torn to pieces! He jumped out of the box, slipped between the sentries, and from the bridge into the water! Diving over and over again, swam with the flow. The shots of sentries from the bridge echoed with automatic bursts of echelon SS men. And then my explosives exploded. Cars with ammunition began to tear, as if along a chain. The fiery tornado engulfed the bridge, the train, and the guards.

No matter how hard I tried to sail away, I was overtaken and picked up by a boat of fascist guards. By the time he landed on the shore, not far from the gatehouse, I had already passed out from the beatings. The brutal Nazis crucified me: they nailed my hands and feet to the wall at the entrance. Our scouts saved me. They saw that I survived the explosion, but fell into the hands of the guards. Having suddenly attacked the gatehouse, the Red Army soldiers recaptured me from the Germans. I woke up under the stove of a burned Belarusian village. I learned that the scouts took me off the wall, wrapped me in a cape and carried me in my arms to the front line. Along the way, we ran into an enemy ambush. Many died in the short fight. The wounded sergeant picked me up and carried me out of this inferno. He hid me and, leaving me his machine gun, went to fetch water to treat my wounds. He was not destined to return...

How long I stayed in my hiding place, I do not know. He lost consciousness, came to his senses, again fell into oblivion. Suddenly I hear: tanks are coming, by the sound - ours. I shouted, but with such a roar of caterpillars, of course, no one heard me. From overexertion once again lost consciousness. When I woke up, I heard Russian speech. What about the policemen? Only after making sure that it was his own, he called for help. I was pulled out from under the stove and immediately sent to the medical battalion. Then there was a front-line hospital, an ambulance train, and, finally, a hospital in distant Novosibirsk. I spent almost five months in this hospital. Having not recovered, he fled with the discharged tankers, persuading the nanny-grandmother to bring me old clothes in order to "walk around the city."

The regiment caught up with its already in Poland, near Warsaw. I was assigned to a tank crew. During the crossing of the Vistula, our crew took an ice font. From the hit of the projectile, the ferry rocked hard, and the T-34 dived to the bottom. The tower hatch, despite the efforts of the guys, did not open under the pressure of the water. Water slowly filled the tank. Soon it reached my throat ...

Finally the hatch was opened. The guys pushed me to the surface first. Then they took turns diving into the icy water to hook the rope onto the hooks. The sunken car was pulled out with great difficulty by two coupled "thirty-fours". During this adventure on the ferry, I met a lieutenant colonel pilot who had once sent me on a search for a secret railway line. How delighted he was: - I've been looking for you for six months! I gave my word: if I'm alive, I'll definitely find it!

The tankers let me go to the air regiment for a day. I met with the pilots who bombed that secret branch. They gave me chocolate and gave me a ride on the U-2. Then the entire regiment formed up, and I was solemnly awarded the Order of Glory III degree. On the Seelow Heights, on April 16, 1945, I had a chance to knock out a Hitler "tiger". At the crossroads, two tanks converged head-on. I was for the gunner, fired the first sub-caliber projectile and hit the "tiger" under the turret. The heavy armored "cap" flew off like a light ball.

On the same day, our tank was also knocked out. The crew, fortunately, survived completely. We changed the car and continued to participate in the battles. Of this, the second tank, only three survived:

By April 29, I was already in the fifth tank. Of his crew, only I was rescued. Faustpatron exploded in the motor part of our combat vehicle. I was in the gunner's position. The driver grabbed me by the legs and threw me through the front hatch. After that, he began to get out himself. But literally a few seconds were not enough for him: ammunition rack shells began to burst and the driver died. I woke up in the hospital on May 8th. The hospital was located in Karlshorst, opposite the building where the German Surrender Act was signed. This day will never be forgotten by any of us. The wounded did not pay attention to either the doctors, or the nurses, or their own wounds - they jumped, danced, hugged each other. Having laid me down on a sheet, they dragged me to the window to show how Marshal Zhukov came out after signing the surrender. Later Keitel was brought out with his downcast retinue.

He returned to Moscow in the summer of 1945. For a long time I did not dare to enter my house on Begovaya Street: I did not write to my mother for more than two years, fearing that she would take me away from the front. I was so afraid of nothing as this meeting with her. I understood how much grief I brought her! He entered silently, as I was taught to walk in intelligence. But maternal intuition turned out to be subtler - she turned around sharply, threw up her head and for a long, long time, without looking up, looked at me, at my tunic, awards:

Do you smoke? she finally asked.

Aha! I lied to hide my embarrassment and not show tears.

Many years later I visited the place where the bridge was blown up. I found a lodge on the beach. It is all destroyed - only ruins. I walked around, inspected the new bridge. Nothing reminded of the terrible tragedy that broke out here during the war years. And I just felt really, really sad...

Then the entire air regiment formed up, and San Sanych was solemnly awarded the Order of Glory of the III degree. On the Seelow Heights in Germany on April 16, 1945, Sasha knocked out a Nazi Tiger tank. At the crossroads, two tanks converged head-on. San Sanych was in charge of the gunner, fired first and hit the "tiger" under the turret. The heavy armored "cap" flew off like a light ball. On the same day, the Nazis also knocked out Sashkin's tank. The crew, fortunately, survived completely. On April 29, Sashkin's tank was again knocked out by the Nazis. The entire crew died, only Sasha survived, he was wounded and taken to the hospital. https://ribalych.ru/2017/05/08...style="display:none">

To the son of the regiment Alexander Kolesnikov.

Kolesnikov.

Here's a tear.

Soldier.

At twelve!

It's an abyss

boy,

Play with brother

Sit teach.

Where are you going…

With a briefcase, a book ...

In the car, yes to the front,

That's just

Come back, bitch.

I'll break you.

Not toys -

Words in the wind...

And Sasha Kolesnikov

Now he

For the son of the regiment.

He is smart.

In intelligence.

Doesn't bother.

The boy's hand

That secret branch

Will notice...

It's going downhill...

Soldiers…

Small children.

Not a groan.

No complaints.

And he was wounded

And crucified.

And won.

Returned to Moscow

At forty-five.

Everything around the house

And grunted

And gathered his courage.

To the apartment

He silently entered.

Like a mother's gaze

Tear off…

Soldiers.

Small children.

And the chest

Already in orders.

For our Motherland

In the answer.

fascists

Scattered to dust.

And finally - the Hero, who was not marked by government awards.

MUSIA PINKENZONE

Abram Vladimirovich (Musya) Pinkenzon (December 5, 1930, Balti, Bessarabia, Romania - November 1942, Ust-Labinskaya, Krasnodar Territory, USSR) - a pioneer hero who was shot by the Germans.

The 11-year-old violinist entered the history of the war without killing a single enemy.

Thousands of Soviet children took part in the partisan struggle during the Great Patriotic War, and were subsequently awarded orders and medals. The hero of our today's story is not among them.

He did not kill a single enemy, did not distribute a single leaflet, never derailed a train with enemy tanks. His fight against fascism lasted only a few moments, and his weapons were the violin and great courage ... Almost no one ever called him by his full name Abram, everyone called Musya - as his mother called him. Later, confusion arose because of this - some believed that his full name was Moses. But Musya Pinkenzon's relatives, who survived the war, said that the boy's mother, Fenya Moiseevna, called him "Abramusya". And later this diminutive name was shortened to just "Musi".

Musya Pinkenzon was born on December 5, 1930 in the Moldavian city of Balti, which at that time belonged to Romania.

The Musi family was a "classic Jewish family" in the full sense of the word. The Pinkenzons in Balti created a dynasty of doctors that spanned several generations, and Musya's father, Vladimir Pinkenzon, was its successor. Doctor Pinkenzon was treated with great respect in Balti.

It is not surprising that the boy was destined for a medical career from the moment he was born. However, even in infancy, Musya showed a craving for music. The talent was revealed very early: already at the age of 5, the child prodigy played the violin so masterfully that all city newspapers wrote about the young talent.

In 1940, Bessarabia, and with it the city of Balti, became part of the USSR. But this process did not greatly affect the everyday life of the Pinkenson family. Musya, who became a pioneer, continued to diligently study music, Vladimir Pinkenzon continued to treat people.

In June 1941, Musya Pinkenzon was supposed to participate in the "1st Republican Amateur Art Olympiad of Moldova", but all plans collapsed with the outbreak of war.

The Pinkenson family was evacuated to the East and a few weeks later arrived in the Kuban, in the village of Ust-Labinskaya. Here Vladimir Pinkenzon became a doctor in a military hospital, and Musya went to a local school. In the evenings, he came to the hospital to his father and played the violin for the wounded.

In the summer of 1942, the Kuban ceased to be a deep rear. The rapid offensive of the Nazis required a new evacuation, but they did not manage to take out the wounded or the doctors of the hospital from Ust-Labinskaya.

The doctor Vladimir Pinkenzon, who remained with his patients to the last, was arrested by the Nazis. They demanded that the doctor, who had managed to earn authority and respect from the locals, treated German soldiers. Dr. Pinkenzon refused and ended up in prison.

Some time later, the wife and son of Vladimir Pinkenzon were thrown behind bars. The Nazis set out not only to eliminate the Jews living in Ust-Labinskaya, but also to arrange an act of intimidation for everyone else.

The entire population of the village was driven to the place of execution. When people saw that 11-year-old Musya Pinkenzon was being led among the condemned, clutching his main treasure - the violin, to his chest, a murmur ran through:

- A child for what? Inhumans!

Vladimir Pinkenzon tried to appeal to a German officer to ask him to spare his son, but was killed. Musya's mother, Fenya Moiseyevna, who rushed to her husband, was shot next. He was left all alone, an 11-year-old boy, surrounded by true Aryans, who consider him "subhuman." And behind the rows of German soldiers were the inhabitants of Ust-Labinskaya, looking at what was happening with fear and despair. They could do nothing to help Musa.

Suddenly, Musya himself turned to the German officer:

- Mister officer, let me play the violin before I die!

The officer laughed and agreed. Obviously, he thought that the little Jew standing in front of him was trying to please him and thus beg for his life.

A moment later, music began to sound over Ust-Labinskaya. For several seconds, neither the Germans nor the inhabitants of the village could understand what Musya was playing. Rather, they understood, but could not believe in the reality of what was happening.

11-year-old Musya Pinkenzon, standing in front of the Nazis, played the "Internationale" - the anthem of the communists, which at that moment was the anthem of the Soviet Union.

And suddenly someone in the crowd at first hesitantly, and then louder picked up the song. Then another person, another...

The German officer who came to his senses yelled:

"Pig, stop it now!"

Shots rang out. The first bullet wounded Musya, but he tried to continue playing. New volleys cut short the violinist's life...

The Nazis dispersed the crowd in a rage. The act of intimidation turned into an act of humiliation. An 11-year-old boy, standing in the face of death, showed such fortitude, against which all the power of Nazi weapons was powerless.

On this day, people in Ust-Labinskaya once again believed in the Victory. This faith was restored to them by a little violinist...

After the war at the place of execution

Musi Pinkenzon in the former village of Ust-Labinskaya, which became the city of Ust-Labinsk in 1958, erected a monument.

His fight against fascism lasted only a few moments, and his weapons were the violin and great courage ...

But is that not enough? Before the war, they were the most ordinary boys and girls. They studied, helped the elders, played, ran, jumped, broke their noses and knees. Only relatives, classmates and friends knew their names.

THE HOUR HAS COME - THEY SHOWED HOW HUGE A LITTLE CHILDREN'S HEAD CAN BECOME WHEN THE SACRED LOVE FOR THE HOMELAND AND HATRED FOR ITS ENEMIES FLAMES IN IT.

Boys. Girls. On their fragile shoulders lay the weight of adversity, disasters, grief of the war years. And they did not bend under this weight, they became stronger in spirit, more courageous, more enduring.

Little heroes of the big war. They fought next to the elders - fathers, brothers, next to the communists and Komsomol members.

Fought everywhere. At sea, like Borya Kuleshin. In the sky, like Arkasha Kamanin. In a partisan detachment, like Lenya Golikov. In the Brest Fortress, like Valya Zenkina. In the Kerch catacombs, like Volodya Dubinin. In the underground, like Volodya Shcherbatsevich.

And not for a moment did young hearts tremble!

Their grown-up childhood was filled with such trials that even a very talented writer could come up with them, it would be hard to believe. But it was. It was in the history of our great country, it was in the fate of its little guys - ordinary boys and girls.

Below is a complete list of the guys that didn't make it into the main selection, some of which I found information on the net - works of art or credible publications. This is an extract from the official list of pioneer heroes, compiled in 1954 for the Book of Honor of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin. All of them gained fame during the Great Patriotic War.
http://pionery-geroi.ucoz.ru/i... http://www.inschool.ru/educati...

Countries where pioneer organizations exist.

At the state level:

Belarus

Venezuela

Laos

Vietnam

North Korea

Cuba

Without the participation of the state:

Russia

Ukraine

Moldova

Comrades, finally go with your children to your local museum of local lore! There will definitely be a book of honor of the local pioneer organization. And don't forget to bring your neighbors and friends!

Heroes, forgive us negligent! We will definitely fix it!

And one more small note: Dear foreign friends, please come to visit us in order to get acquainted with the beauties of our Great Land and its wonderful People. Come by cars, bikes, motorcycles, trains and buses, fly by planes. With only one condition... If your vehicles are completely painted in khaki color, not all of your distant descendants, having received the coveted visa, will be able to find your remains in the vastness of our Motherland. This is the law!

Current page: 1 (total book has 1 pages)

Korolkov Yuri Mikhailovich
Lenya Golikov

Lenya Golikov

Not far from the lake, on the steep bank of the Pola River, stands the village of Lukino, where the raftsman Golikov lived with his wife and three children. Every year, in early spring, Uncle Sasha went rafting, drove large rafts made of logs along the rivers, and only returned to his village in autumn.

And at home with the children - two daughters and the youngest son Lenka - remained mother Ekaterina Alekseevna. From morning until evening she was engaged in housekeeping or worked on a collective farm. And she taught her children to work, the guys helped their mother in everything. Lyonka carried water from the well, took care of the cow and sheep. He knew how to fix the fence, mend his felt boots.

The children went to school across the river to the neighboring village, and in their free time they liked to listen to fairy tales. Mother knew a lot of them and was a craftswoman to tell.

Lyonka was not tall, much smaller than his comrades of the same age, but rarely anyone could compare with him in strength and dexterity.

Whether to jump across a stream from a full run, go into the depths of a forest, climb the tallest tree or swim across a river - in all these matters Lenka was inferior to few.

And so Lyonka lived in the wild among the forests, and his native land became more and more dear to him. He lived happily and thought that his free life would always be like that. But one day, when Lenka was already a pioneer, misfortune happened in the Golikov family. My father fell into the cold water, caught a cold and became seriously ill. He lay in bed for many months, and when he got up, he could no longer work as a raftsman. He called Lyonka, seated him in front of him and said:

- That's what, Leonid, you need to help your family. I became bad, the disease completely tortured me, go to work ...

And his father arranged for him to be a student on a crane, which loaded firewood and logs on the river. They were loaded onto river barges, sent somewhere beyond Lake Ilmen. Everything here was interesting to Lyonka: both the steam engine, in which the fire roared, and the steam escaped in large white clouds, and the mighty crane, which lifted heavy logs like feathers. But Lenka did not have to work for long.

* * *

It was Sunday, a warm and sunny day. Everyone was resting, and Lyonka also went with his comrades to the river. Near the ferry, transporting people, trucks and carts to the other side, the guys heard the driver of a truck that had just arrived at the river, anxiously asked:

Have you heard about the war?

- About what war?

“Hitler attacked us. Now I heard it on the radio. The Nazis are bombing our cities.

The boys saw everyone's faces darken. The children felt that something terrible had happened. Women cried, more and more people gathered around the driver, and everyone repeated: war, war. Lyonka had a map somewhere in an old textbook. He remembered: the book was lying in the attic, and the guys went to the Golikovs. Here, in the attic, they bent over the map and saw that Nazi Germany was located far from Lake Ilmen. The guys calmed down a bit.

The next day, almost all the men left for the army. Only women, old people and children remained in the village.

The boys had no time for games now. They spent all the time on the field, replacing adults.

It's been a few weeks since the war started. On a hot August day, the guys were carrying sheaves from the field, talking about the war.

“Hitler is approaching Staraya Russa,” said the white-headed Tolka, laying sheaves on a cart. - The fighters rode, they said, from Russa to us, there was nothing at all.

“Well, he shouldn’t be here,” Lyonka replied confidently.

“And if they come, what will you do?” - asked the youngest of the guys, Valka, nicknamed Yagodai.

“I’ll do something,” Lyonka answered vaguely.

The boys tied the sheaves on the cart and moved towards the village ...

But it turned out that little Valka was right. The Nazi troops were coming closer and closer to the village where Lyonka lived. Not today or tomorrow they could capture Luchino. The villagers thought about what to do, and decided to go into the forest with the whole village, to the most remote places where the Nazis could not find them. So they did.

There was a lot of work in the forest. For the first time, huts were built, but some have already dug dugouts. Lyonka and his father also dug a dugout.

As soon as Lenka freed up time, he decided to visit the village. As there?

Lyonka ran after the guys, and the three of them went to Lukino. The shooting stopped, then started again. We decided that everyone would go their own way, and in the gardens, in front of the village, they would meet.

Stealthily, listening to the slightest rustle, Lyonka safely reached the river. He went up the path to his house and cautiously looked out from behind the hillock. The village was empty. The sun beat into his eyes, and Lyonka put his hand to the visor of his cap. Not a single person around. But what is it? Beyond the village, soldiers appeared on the road. Lyonka immediately saw that the soldiers were not ours.

"Germans! he decided. - Here it is!

The soldiers stood at the edge of the forest and looked at Luchino.

“Here it is! Lenka thought again. - In vain I fought off the guys. We have to run!”

A plan matured in his head: while the Nazis were on the road, he would go down back to the river and along the stream would go into the forest. Otherwise… Lyonka was even afraid to imagine what would happen differently…

Lyonka took a few steps, and suddenly the mute silence of the autumn day was cut through by the shot of a machine gun. He glanced at the road. The Nazis fled to the forest, several dead remained on the ground. Lyonka could not understand in any way where our machine gunner was shooting from. And then I saw him. He fired from a shallow hole. The Germans also opened fire.

Lyonka imperceptibly approached the machine gunner from behind and looked at his worn-out heels, at his back, darkened with sweat.

- And you are great! - said Lyonka, when the soldier began to reload the machine gun.

The machine gunner shuddered and looked around.

- And to you! he exclaimed, seeing the little boy in front of him. - What do you want here?

– I am here… I wanted to see my village.

The machine gunner again fired a burst and turned to Lyonka.

- And what is your name?

- Lyonka ... Uncle, maybe you can help with something?

- Look, you are smart. Well, help. I would have brought some water, everything in my mouth was dry.

- What, what? At least scoop up a cap ...

Lyonka went down to the river, plunged his cap into the cool water. By the time he reached the machine gunner, there was very little water left in the cap. The soldier greedily clung to Lyonka's cap ...

“Get more,” he said.

From the side of the forest along the shore they began to hit from a mortar.

“Well, now we must retreat,” said the machine gunner. - It was ordered to keep the village until noon, and now it will soon be evening. What is the name of the village?

- Lukino...

- Luchino? At least I'll know where the fight was held. What is this, blood? Where did you get hooked? Let me bandage.

Lyonka himself only now noticed that his leg was covered in blood. It looks like it was really hit by a bullet.

The soldier tore off his shirt and bandaged Lyonka's leg.

- That's it ... And now let's go. The soldier put the machine gun on his shoulders. “I also have business with you, Leonid,” said the machine gunner. - My comrade was killed by the Nazis. More in the morning. So you bury him. It's under the bushes over there. His name was Oleg...

When Lyonka met with the guys, he told them about everything that had happened. They decided that night to bury the dead.

Twilight was gathering in the forest, the sun had already set when the guys approached the stream. Stealthily, they went out to the edge and hid in the bushes. Lyonka went first, showing the way. The dead man lay on the grass. Nearby - his machine gun, discs with cartridges were lying around.

Soon a mound grew in this place. The guys were silent. With their bare feet they felt the freshness of the dug earth. Someone sobbed, the others could not stand it either. Melting their tears from each other, the guys bowed their heads even lower.

The guys shouldered a light machine gun and disappeared into the darkness of the forest. Lyonka put Oleg's cap on his head, which he picked up on the ground.

Early in the morning the guys went to make a hiding place. They did it according to all the rules. First, they spread matting and threw earth on it so as not to leave marks. In place of the hiding place they threw dry branches, and Lyonka said:

“Now not a single word to anyone. Like a military secret.

- We should take an oath to make it stronger.

Everyone agreed. The guys raised their hands and made a solemn promise to keep the secret. Now they had weapons. Now they could fight the enemies.

As time went. No matter how the villagers, who had gone into the forest, hid, the Nazis still found out where they were. One day, returning to the forest camp, the boys heard from a distance that indistinct cries were heard from the forest, someone's rude laughter, the loud cry of women.

Among the dugouts, Nazi soldiers paced with a masterly air. From their shoulder bags stuck out various things that they managed to loot. Two Germans passed Lenka, then one of them looked back, returned and, stamping his feet, began to shout something, pointing to Lenka's cap and to his chest, where a pioneer badge was pinned. The second German was a translator. He said:

“Mr. Corporal ordered you to be hanged if you don’t throw away this hat and another badge.

Before Lyonka had time to come to his senses, the pioneer badge found itself in the hands of a lanky corporal. He threw the badge on the ground and crushed it under his heel. Then he tore off the cap from Lyonka, slapped him painfully on the cheeks, threw the cap on the ground and began to stomp it, trying to crush the little star.

"We'll hang you next time," said the interpreter.

The Germans went, taking away the stolen things.

It was hard on the soul of Lenka. No, this lanky fascist trampled on not a cap with an asterisk, not a pioneer badge, it seemed to Lyonka that the Nazi had stepped on his chest with his heel and was pressing so hard that it was impossible to breathe. Lyonka went into the dugout, lay down on the bunk and lay there until evening.

In the forest every day it became more and more unpleasant and colder. Tired and cold, my mother came one evening. She said that a German stopped her and ordered her to go to the village. There, in the hut, he pulled out a pile of dirty linen from under the bench and ordered it to be washed on the river. The water is icy, the hands get cold, the fingers cannot be straightened...

“I don’t know how I got it done,” my mother said quietly. “I didn’t have the strength. And the German gave me a slice of bread for this washing, he became generous.

Lyonka jumped up from the bench, his eyes burned.

- Throw this bread, mom! .. I'll die of hunger, I won't take crumbs of them in my mouth. I can't do this anymore. You have to beat them! Here I go to the partisans ...

Father looked sternly at Lyonka:

- What are you thinking, where are you going? You are still small! We must endure, we are now prisoners.

“But I won’t, I can’t! - Lyonka left the dugout and, without understanding the road, went into the darkness of the forest.

And Ekaterina Alekseevna, Lyonka's mother, caught a bad cold after that wash in ice water. For two days she endured, on the third she said to Lyonka: “Lenyushka, we’ll go to Lukino, we’ll warm ourselves in our hut, maybe I’ll feel better. I'm afraid of one."

And Lyonka went to see his mother off.

Soon the Germans drove the inhabitants out of the forest. They had to return to the village again. Now they lived closely, several families in one hut. Winter came, they said that partisans appeared in the forests, but Lenka and his comrades never saw them.

One day Only One came running and, drawing Lyonka aside, he said in a whisper:

- I was with the partisans.

- Drop it! Lenka did not believe.

- Honest pioneering, I'm not lying -

He only told me that he went to the forest and met the partisans there. They asked who he was and where he came from. They asked where they could get hay for the horses. Just promised to bring them.

A few days later, the guys went to carry out a partisan mission. Early in the morning, in four wagons, they drove to the meadows, where tall haystacks had stood since summer. On a deaf road, the guys took the hay to the forest - to the place where Tolka agreed to meet with the partisans. The pioneers slowly followed the wagons, looked around every now and then, but there was no one around.

Suddenly the leading horse stopped. The guys did not even notice how a man who appeared out of nowhere took her by the bridle.

- We've arrived! he said cheerfully. - I've been following you for a long time.

Partizan put two fingers in his mouth and whistled loudly. He was answered with the same whistle.

- Well, now quickly! Turn into the forest!

Bonfires were burning in the dense forest, near which the partisans were sitting. A man in a sheepskin coat with a pistol in his belt got up to meet them.

“We’ll give you guys another sleigh,” he said, “and we’ll leave yours with hay so that it’s faster.”

While the horses were being harnessed, the detachment commander asked the guys what was happening in the village. Saying goodbye, he said:

- Well, thanks again, but take these sheets with you. Give them to adults, but be careful that the Nazis do not sniff out, otherwise they will shoot.

In leaflets, partisans urged Soviet people to fight the invaders, to join detachments so that the Nazis would not have peace day or night ...

Soon Lyonka met with his teacher Vasily Grigorievich. He was a partisan and brought Lyonka to his detachment.

Lyonka could not come to his senses. He looked around curiously. That would have taken him here. Looks like a brave people, cheerful. One word: partisans!

Someone offered to take him to intelligence, but Lenka took it at first as a joke, and then he thought, maybe they would really take him ... No, there’s nothing to think about. They will say - small, you need to grow up. However, he asked the teacher:

- Vasily Grigorievich, can I join the partisans?

- You? the teacher was surprised. - I don't know...

- Take it, Vasily Grigorievich, I won’t let you down! ..

- Or maybe it’s true to take it, at school, I remember, I was a fine fellow ...

From that day on, pioneer Lenya Golikov was enrolled in a partisan detachment, and a week later the detachment went to other places to fight the Germans. Soon another boy appeared in the detachment - Mityayka. Lenka immediately became friends with Mityaika. They even slept on the same bunk. At first, the guys were not given any instructions. They only worked in the kitchen: sawing and chopping firewood, peeling potatoes... But once a mustachioed partisan entered the dugout and said:

- Well, eagles, the commander calls, there is a task for you.

From that day on, Lenka and Mityayka began to go on reconnaissance. They learned and told the commander of the detachment where the fascist soldiers were located, where their cannons and machine guns were.

The guys, when they went to reconnaissance, dressed in rags, took old bags. They walked around the villages like beggars, begging for pieces of bread, while they themselves looked with all their eyes, noticed everything: how many soldiers were there, how many cars, guns ...

Once they came to a large village and stopped in front of an extreme hut.

“Give a alms for food,” they dragged on in different voices.

A German officer came out of the house. Guys to him:

- Pan, give the ford ... Pan ...

The officer didn't even look at the guys.

“Here’s the greedy one, he’s not looking,” Mityayka whispered.

"That's good," said Lenka. “So he thinks we really are beggars.

The exploration was successful. Lyonka and Mityayka learned that new Nazi troops had just arrived in the village. The guys even made their way to the officers' canteen, where they were given food. When Lyonka had finished everything they were given, he slyly winked at Mityaika - it was clear that he had come up with something. Fumbling in his pocket, he took out a stub of a pencil and, looking around, quickly wrote something on a paper napkin.

“What are you doing?” Mityayka asked quietly.

- Congratulations to the Nazis. Now you have to leave quickly. Read!

On a piece of paper, Mityayka read: “The partisan Golikov dined here. Tremble, bastards!”

The boys put their note under their plate and slipped out of the dining room.

Each time the guys got more and more difficult tasks. Now Lyonka had his own machine gun, which he got in battle. As an experienced partisan, he was even taken to blow up enemy trains.

Creeping up one night to the railway, the partisans laid a large mine and waited for the train to leave. They waited until almost dawn. Finally we saw platforms loaded with guns and tanks; wagons in which sat fascist soldiers. When the locomotive approached the place where the partisans had laid the mine, Stepan, the head of the group, commanded Lyonka:

Lyonka pulled the cord. A column of fire shot up under the locomotive, the cars climbed one on top of the other, ammunition began to burst.

When the partisans fled from the railway towards the forest, they heard rifle shots behind them.

- They started the chase, - said Stepan, - now take your feet.

They both ran. There was very little left of the forest. Suddenly Stepan screamed.

- They wounded me, now you can’t leave ... Run alone.

“Let’s go, Stepan,” Lyonka persuaded him, “they won’t find us in the forest.” You lean on me, let's go ...

Stepan moved forward with difficulty. The shots stopped. Stepan was almost falling, and Lyonka could hardly drag him on himself.

“No, I can’t do it anymore,” said the wounded Stepan and sank to the ground.

Lyonka bandaged him and again led the wounded man. Stepan was getting worse, he was already losing consciousness and could not move on. Exhausted, Lyonka dragged Stepan to the camp...

For rescuing a wounded comrade, Lenya Golikov was awarded the medal "For Military Merit".

The night before, the partisan scouts had gone on a mission—fifteen kilometers to the highway from the camp. They lay on the side of the road all night. Cars did not move, the road was deserted. What to do? The group leader ordered to withdraw. The partisans withdrew to the edge of the forest. Lyonka lagged behind them a little. He was about to catch up with his people, but, looking back at the road, he saw that a passenger car was approaching along the highway.

He rushed forward and lay down near the bridge behind a pile of stones.

The car approached the bridge, slowed down, and Lyonka, swinging, threw a grenade at it. There was an explosion. Lyonka saw a Nazi in a white tunic jump out of the car with a red briefcase and a machine gun.

Lenka fired, but missed. The fascist fled. Lenka chased after him. The officer looked around and saw that a boy was running after him. Very small. If they were put side by side, the boy would barely reach his waist. The officer stopped and fired. The boy fell. The fascist ran on.

But Lyonka was not wounded. He quickly crawled to the side and fired several shots. The officer fled...

For a whole kilometer Lenka was chasing. And the Nazi, firing back, approached the forest. On the move, he threw off his white tunic and remained in a dark shirt. It became more difficult to aim at him.

Lyonka began to lag behind. Now the fascist will hide in the forest, then everything is lost. There were only a few rounds left in the gun. Then Lyonka threw off his heavy boots and ran barefoot, not bending down under the bullets that the enemy sent at him.

The last cartridge remained in the disk of the machine gun, and with this last shot Lenka hit the enemy. He took his machine gun, briefcase and, breathing heavily, went back. On the way, he picked up a white tunic thrown by the Nazis and only then saw the general's twisted shoulder straps on it.

- Ege! .. And the bird, it turns out, is important, - he said aloud.

Lenka put on a general's tunic, buttoned it up, rolled up the sleeves that hung down below his knees, put on a cap with gold stains over his cap, which he found in a wrecked car, and ran to catch up with his comrades ...

Teacher Vasily Grigorievich was already worried, he wanted to send a group in search of Lyonka, when he suddenly appeared near the fire. Lyonka came out into the light of the fire in a white general's tunic with gold shoulder straps. He had two machine guns hanging around his neck - his own and a trophy one. Under his arm he held a red briefcase. Lenka's look was so hilarious that loud laughter broke out.

– And what do you have? the teacher asked, pointing to the briefcase.

“I took the German documents from the general,” Lyonka replied.

The teacher took the documents and went with them to the chief of staff of the detachment.

An interpreter was urgently called there, then a radio operator. The papers were very important. Then Vasily Grigorievich left the headquarters dugout and called Lyonka.

“Well, well done,” he said. - Such documents and experienced scouts are mined every hundred years. Now they will be reported to Moscow about them.

After some time, a radiogram came from Moscow, it said that everyone who captured such important documents should be presented to the highest award. In Moscow, of course, they did not know that they were captured by one Lenya Golikov, who was only fourteen years old.

So the pioneer Lenya Golikov became a hero of the Soviet Union.

* * *

The young pioneer hero died a heroic death on January 24, 1943 in an unequal battle near the village of Ostraya Luka.

* * *

On the grave of Lenya Golikov, in the village of Ostraya Luka of the Dedovichi district, fishermen of the Novgorod region erected an obelisk, and a monument was erected to the young hero on the banks of the Pola River.

In June 1960, a monument to Lena Golikov was unveiled in Moscow at VDNKh at the entrance to the Young Naturalists and Technicians pavilion. A monument to the young hero was erected in the city of Novgorod at the expense of the pioneers for the scrap metal they collected,

* * *

The name of the brave partisan Lenya Golikov is listed in the Book of Honor of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after A.I. V. I. Lenin.

By a decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, one of the ships of the Soviet fleet was named after Lenya Golikov.

Korolkov Yuri Mikhailovich

Lenya Golikov

Lenya Golikov

Not far from the lake, on the steep bank of the Pola River, stands the village of Lukino, where the raftsman Golikov lived with his wife and three children. Every year, in early spring, Uncle Sasha went rafting, drove large rafts made of logs along the rivers, and only returned to his village in autumn.

And at home with the children - two daughters and the youngest son Lenka - remained mother Ekaterina Alekseevna. From morning until evening she was engaged in housekeeping or worked on a collective farm. And she taught her children to work, the guys helped their mother in everything. Lyonka carried water from the well, took care of the cow and sheep. He knew how to fix the fence, mend his felt boots.

The children went to school across the river to the neighboring village, and in their free time they liked to listen to fairy tales. Mother knew a lot of them and was a craftswoman to tell.

Lyonka was not tall, much smaller than his comrades of the same age, but rarely anyone could compare with him in strength and dexterity.

Whether to jump across the stream from the entire run, to go into the wilderness of the forest, whether to climb the highest tree or swim across the river - in all these matters Lenka was inferior to few.

And so Lyonka lived in the wild among the forests, and his native land became more and more dear to him. He lived happily and thought that his free life would always be like that. But one day, when Lenka was already a pioneer, misfortune happened in the Golikov family. My father fell into the cold water, caught a cold and became seriously ill. He lay in bed for many months, and when he got up, he could no longer work as a raftsman. He called Lyonka, seated him in front of him and said:

That's what, Leonid, you need to help your family. I became bad, the disease completely tortured me, go to work ...

And his father arranged for him to be a student on a crane, which loaded firewood and logs on the river. They were loaded onto river barges, sent somewhere beyond Lake Ilmen. Everything here was interesting to Lyonka: both the steam engine, in which the fire roared, and the steam escaped in large white clouds, and the mighty crane, which lifted heavy logs like feathers. But Lenka did not have to work for long.

It was Sunday, a warm and sunny day. Everyone was resting, and Lyonka also went with his comrades to the river. Near the ferry, transporting people, trucks and carts to the other side, the guys heard the driver of a truck that had just arrived at the river, anxiously asked:

Have you heard about the war?

About what war?

Hitler attacked us. Now I heard it on the radio. The Nazis are bombing our cities.

The boys saw everyone's faces darken. The children felt that something terrible had happened. Women cried, more and more people gathered around the driver, and everyone repeated: war, war. Lyonka had a map somewhere in an old textbook. He remembered: the book was lying in the attic, and the guys went to the Golikovs. Here, in the attic, they bent over the map and saw that Nazi Germany was located far from Lake Ilmen. The guys calmed down a bit.

The next day, almost all the men left for the army. Only women, old people and children remained in the village.

The boys had no time for games now. They spent all the time on the field, replacing adults.

It's been a few weeks since the war started. On a hot August day, the guys were carrying sheaves from the field, talking about the war.

Hitler is approaching Staraya Russa, - said the white-headed Tolka, laying sheaves on a cart. - The fighters rode, they said, from Russa to us, there was nothing at all.

Well, he shouldn't be here, - Lyonka answered confidently.

And if they come, what will you do? - asked the youngest of the guys, Valka, nicknamed Yagodai.

I'll do something, - Lyonka answered vaguely.

The boys tied the sheaves on the cart and moved towards the village ...

But it turned out that little Valka was right. The Nazi troops were coming closer and closer to the village where Lyonka lived. Not today or tomorrow they could capture Luchino. The villagers thought about what to do, and decided to go into the forest with the whole village, to the most remote places where the Nazis could not find them. So they did.

There was a lot of work in the forest. For the first time, huts were built, but some have already dug dugouts. Lyonka and his father also dug a dugout.

As soon as Lenka freed up time, he decided to visit the village. As there?

Lyonka ran after the guys, and the three of them went to Lukino. The shooting stopped, then started again. We decided that everyone would go their own way, and in the gardens, in front of the village, they would meet.

Stealthily, listening to the slightest rustle, Lyonka safely reached the river. He went up the path to his house and cautiously looked out from behind the hillock. The village was empty. The sun beat into his eyes, and Lyonka put his hand to the visor of his cap. Not a single person around. But what is it? Beyond the village, soldiers appeared on the road. Lyonka immediately saw that the soldiers were not ours.

"Germans! he decided. - Here it is!

The soldiers stood at the edge of the forest and looked at Luchino.

“Here it is! - Lenka thought again. - In vain I fought off the guys. We have to run!”

A plan matured in his head: while the Nazis were on the road, he would go down back to the river and along the stream would go into the forest. Otherwise… Lyonka was even afraid to imagine what would happen differently…

Lyonka took a few steps, and suddenly the mute silence of the autumn day was cut through by the shot of a machine gun. He glanced at the road. The Nazis fled to the forest, several dead remained on the ground. Lyonka could not understand in any way where our machine gunner was shooting from. And then I saw him. He fired from a shallow hole. The Germans also opened fire.

Lyonka imperceptibly approached the machine gunner from behind and looked at his worn-out heels, at his back, darkened with sweat.

And great you have them! - said Lyonka, when the soldier began to reload the machine gun.

The machine gunner shuddered and looked around.

And to you! he exclaimed, seeing the little boy in front of him. - What do you want here?

I am here… I wanted to see my village.

The machine gunner again fired a burst and turned to Lyonka.

The Great Patriotic War is the most bloody and ruthless in world history; it took away millions of human lives, including the lives of many young people who bravely defended their Motherland. Golikov Leonid Alexandrovich is one of the heroes of his country.

This is an ordinary boy, whose childhood was carefree and happy, he was friends with the guys, helped his parents, graduated from seven classes, after which he worked at a plywood factory. The war caught Lenya at the age of 15, instantly cutting off all the youthful dreams of the boy.

Young partisan

The village in the Novgorod region, where the boy lived, was captured by the Nazis and, trying to establish their new order, they began to commit excesses. Lenya Golikov, whose feat is inscribed in history with a red line, did not reconcile himself to the horrors that were happening around him and decided to fight against the Nazis; after the liberation of the village, he went to the emerging partisan detachment, where he fought alongside adults. True, at first the guy was not taken for a young age; help came from a school teacher who was in the partisans. He vouched for the boy, saying that he was a reliable person, would show himself well and would not let him down. In March 1942, Lenya became a scout in the Leningrad partisan brigade; a little later he joined the Komsomol there.

Fight against fascists

The Nazis were afraid of the partisans, because they mercilessly destroyed German officers and soldiers, blew up trains, and attacked enemy columns. Elusive partisans seemed to the enemies everywhere: behind every tree, house, turn - so they tried not to walk alone.

There was even such a case: Lenya Golikov, whose feat became for the youth of different generations, was returning from intelligence and saw five Nazis looting in the apiary. They were so engrossed in getting honey and fighting bees that they threw their weapons on the ground. The young scout took advantage of this, destroying three enemies; two managed to escape.

The boy who grew up early had a lot of military merits (27 military operations, 78 enemy officers; several explosions of enemy vehicles and bridges), but the feat of Leni Golikov was not far off. It was 1942…

Fearless Lenya Golikov: a feat

Highway Luga-Pskov (near the village of Varintsy). 1942 August 13th. Being with a partner in reconnaissance, Lenya blew up an enemy passenger car, in which, as it turned out, there was Richard von Wirtz, Major General of the Germans. The briefcase he had with him turned out to be very important information: reports to higher authorities, diagrams, detailed drawings of some samples of German mines and others data that were of great value to the partisans.

The feat of Leni Golikov, a brief summary of which is described above, was evaluated by the Gold Star medal and awarded the title of truth, posthumously. In the winter of 1942, the partisan detachment, which included Golikov, fell into the German encirclement, but after fierce fighting he was able to break through and change location. Fifty people remained in the ranks, cartridges were running out, the radio was broken, food was running out. Attempts to restore contact with other units were unsuccessful.

In ambush

In January 1943, 27 exhausted partisans, exhausted by the chase, occupied the three extreme huts of the village of Ostraya Luka. Preliminary reconnaissance found nothing suspicious; the nearest German garrison was quite far away, several kilometers away. The patrols were not put up so as not to attract undue attention. However, there was a “kind man” in the village - the owner of one of the houses (a certain Stepanov), who informed the headman Pykhov, and he, in turn, the punishers about what guests had come to the village at night.

For this treacherous act, Pykhov received a generous reward from the Germans, but at the beginning of 1944 he was shot as Stepanov - the second traitor, was only a year older than Leni, in troubled times for himself (when the turn of the war became clear) showed resourcefulness: he went into partisans , and from there Stepanov even managed to earn awards and return home almost as a hero, but the hand of justice caught up with this traitor to the Motherland. In 1948, for treason, he was arrested and sentenced to 25 years in prison, and with the deprivation of all received awards.

They are no more

Sharp Luka on this unkind January night was surrounded by 50 punishers, among whom were local residents who collaborated with the Nazis. The partisans, taken by surprise, had to fight back and, under the bullets of enemy shells, urgently go back to the forest. Only six people managed to break out of the encirclement.

In that unequal battle, almost the entire partisan detachment perished, including Lenya Golikov, whose feat remained forever in the memory of his comrades-in-arms.

Sister instead of brother

Initially, it was believed that the original photograph of Leni Golikov was not preserved. Therefore, to reproduce the image of the hero, the image of his sister Lydia was used (for example, for a portrait painted in 1958 by Viktor Fomin). Later, a partisan photo was found, but the familiar face of Lida, who acted as a brother, adorned the biography of Leni Golikov, who became a symbol of courage for Soviet teenagers. After all, the feat accomplished by Lenya Golikov is a vivid example of courage and love for the Motherland.

In April 1944, Leonid Golikov was awarded (posthumously) the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for his heroism and courage in the fight against the Nazi invaders.

In everyone's heart

In many publications, Leonid Golikov is referred to as a pioneer, and he is on a par with the same fearless young personalities as Marat Kazei, Vitya Korobkov, Valya Kotik, Zina Portnova.

However, during the perestroika period, when the heroes of the Soviet era were subjected to "mass exposures", a claim arose against these children that they could not be pioneers, because they were older than the prescribed age. The information was not confirmed: Marat Kazei, Zina Portnova and Vitya Korobkov were indeed pioneers, but with Lenya it turned out a little differently.

He got into the list of pioneers thanks to the efforts of people who are not indifferent to his fate and, apparently, from the best of intentions. The first materials about his heroism speak of Lena as a member of the Komsomol. The feat of Leni Golikov, a summary of which was described by Yury Korolkov in his book “Partisan Lenya Golikov”, is an example of the behavior of a young man in the days of mortal danger hanging over his country.

The writer, who went through the war as a front-line correspondent, reduced the age of the hero by literally a couple of years, turning a 16-year-old boy into a 14-year-old pioneer hero. Perhaps, with this, the writer wanted to make Leni's feat more striking. Although everyone who knew Lenya was aware of the current state of affairs, believing that this inaccuracy fundamentally changes nothing. In any case, the country needed a suitable person for the collective image of a pioneer hero, who would also be a Hero of the Soviet Union. Lenya Golikov approached the image optimally.

His feat is described in all Soviet newspapers, many books have been written about him and the same young heroes. In any case, this is the history of a great country. Therefore, the feat of Leni Golikov, like himself - a man who defended his homeland - will forever remain in the heart of everyone.

Not far from the lake, on the steep bank of the Pola River, stands the village of Lukino, where the raftsman Golikov lived with his wife and three children. Every year, in early spring, Uncle Sasha went rafting, drove large rafts made of logs along the rivers, and only returned to his village in autumn.
And at home with the children - two daughters and the youngest son Lenka - remained mother Ekaterina Alekseevna. From morning until evening she was engaged in housekeeping or worked on a collective farm. And she taught her children to work, the guys helped their mother in everything. Lyonka carried water from the well, took care of the cow and sheep. He knew how to fix the fence, mend his felt boots.
The children went to school across the river to the neighboring village, and in their free time they liked to listen to fairy tales. Mother knew a lot of them and was a craftswoman to tell.
Lyonka was not tall, much smaller than his comrades of the same age, but rarely anyone could compare with him in strength and dexterity.
Whether to jump across the stream from the entire run, to go into the wilderness of the forest, whether to climb the highest tree or swim across the river - in all these matters Lenka was inferior to few.
And so Lyonka lived in the wild among the forests, and his native land became more and more dear to him. He lived happily and thought that his free life would always be like that. But one day, when Lenka was already a pioneer, misfortune happened in the Golikov family. My father fell into the cold water, caught a cold and became seriously ill. He lay in bed for many months, and when he got up, he could no longer work as a raftsman. He called Lyonka, seated him in front of him and said:
- That's what, Leonid, you need to help your family. I became bad, the disease completely tortured me, go to work ...
And his father arranged for him to be a student on a crane, which loaded firewood and logs on the river. They were loaded onto river barges, sent somewhere beyond Lake Ilmen. Everything here was interesting to Lyonka: both the steam engine, in which the fire roared, and the steam escaped in large white clouds, and the mighty crane, which lifted heavy logs like feathers. But Lenka did not have to work for long.

It was Sunday, a warm and sunny day. Everyone was resting, and Lyonka also went with his comrades to the river. Near the ferry, transporting people, trucks and carts to the other side, the guys heard the driver of a truck that had just arrived at the river, anxiously asked:
Have you heard about the war?
- About what war?
- Hitler attacked us. Now I heard it on the radio. The Nazis are bombing our cities.
The boys saw everyone's faces darken. The children felt that something terrible had happened. Women cried, more and more people gathered around the driver, and everyone repeated: war, war. Lyonka had a map somewhere in an old textbook. He remembered: the book was lying in the attic, and the guys went to the Golikovs. Here, in the attic, they bent over the map and saw that Nazi Germany was located far from Lake Ilmen. The guys calmed down a bit.
The next day, almost all the men left for the army. Only women, old people and children remained in the village.
The boys had no time for games now. They spent all the time on the field, replacing adults.
It's been a few weeks since the war started. On a hot August day, the guys were carrying sheaves from the field, talking about the war.
“Hitler is approaching Staraya Russa,” said the white-headed Only, laying sheaves on a cart. - The fighters rode, they said, from Russa to us, there was nothing at all.
“Well, he shouldn’t be here,” Lyonka answered confidently.
- And if they come, what will you do? - asked the youngest of the guys, Valka, nicknamed Yagodai.
“I’ll do something,” Lyonka answered vaguely.
The boys tied the sheaves on the wagon and moved towards the village...
But it turned out that little Valka was right. The Nazi troops were coming closer and closer to the village where Lyonka lived. Not today or tomorrow they could capture Luchino. The villagers thought about what to do, and decided to go into the forest with the whole village, to the most remote places where the Nazis could not find them. So they did.
There was a lot of work in the forest. For the first time, huts were built, but some have already dug dugouts. Lyonka and his father also dug a dugout.
As soon as Lenka freed up time, he decided to visit the village. As there?
Lyonka ran after the guys, and the three of them went to Lukino. The shooting stopped, then started again. We decided that everyone would go their own way, and in the gardens, in front of the village, they would meet.
Stealthily, listening to the slightest rustle, Lyonka safely reached the river. He went up the path to his house and cautiously looked out from behind the hillock. The village was empty. The sun beat into his eyes, and Lyonka put his hand to the visor of his cap. Not a single person around. But what is it? Beyond the village, soldiers appeared on the road. Lyonka immediately saw that the soldiers were not ours.
"Germans! he decided. - Here it is!
The soldiers stood at the edge of the forest and looked at Luchino.
“Here it is! - Lenka thought again. - In vain I fought off the guys. We must run! ..” A plan ripened in his head: while the Nazis were on the road, he would go down back to the river and along the stream he would go into the forest. Otherwise ... Lyonka was even afraid to imagine what would happen differently ...
Lyonka took a few steps, and suddenly the mute silence of the autumn day was cut through by the shot of a machine gun. He glanced at the road. The Nazis fled to the forest, several dead remained on the ground. Lyonka could not understand in any way where our machine gunner was shooting from. And then I saw him. He fired from a shallow hole. The Germans also opened fire.
Lyonka imperceptibly approached the machine gunner from behind and looked at his worn-out heels, at his back, darkened with sweat.
- A cool you have them! - said Lyonka, when the soldier began to reload the machine gun.
The machine gunner shuddered and looked around.
- And to you! he exclaimed, seeing the little boy in front of him. - What do you want here?
- I am here... I wanted to see my village.
The machine gunner again fired a burst and turned to Lyonka.
- What's your name?
- Lyonka... Uncle, maybe you can help with something?
- Look how smart you are. Well, help. I would have brought some water, everything in my mouth was dry.
- With what?
- What, what? At least scoop up a cap ...
Lyonka went down to the river, plunged his cap into the cool water. While he ran to the machine gunner, there was very little water left in the cap " The soldier greedily clung to Lyonka's cap ...
“Get more,” he said.
From the side of the forest along the shore they began to hit from a mortar.
“Well, now we must retreat,” said the machine gunner. - It was ordered to keep the village until noon, and now it will soon be evening. What is the name of the village?
- Lukino...
- Lukino? At least I'll know where the fight was held. And what is this - blood? Where did you get hooked? Let me bandage.
Lyonka himself only now noticed that his leg was covered in blood. It looks like it was really hit by a bullet.
The soldier tore off his shirt and bandaged Lyonka's leg.
- That's it... And now let's go. - The soldier put the machine gun on his shoulders .. - I also have something to do with you, Leonid, - said the machine gunner. - My comrade was killed by the Nazis. More in the morning. So you bury him. It's under the bushes over there. His name was Oleg...
When Lyonka met with the guys, he told them about everything that had happened. They decided that night to bury the dead.

Twilight was gathering in the forest, the sun had already set when the guys approached the stream. Stealthily, they went out to the edge and hid in the bushes. Lyonka went first, showing the way. The dead man lay on the grass. Nearby - his machine gun, discs with cartridges were lying around.
Soon a mound grew in this place. The guys were silent. With their bare feet they felt the freshness of the dug earth. Someone sobbed, the others could not stand it either. Melting their tears from each other, the guys bowed their heads even lower.
From the village came voices, the roar of engines. The Nazis occupied Lukino.
The guys shouldered a light machine gun and disappeared into the darkness of the forest. Lyonka put Oleg's cap on his head, which he picked up on the ground.
Early in the morning the guys went to make a hiding place. They did it according to all the rules. First, they spread matting and threw earth on it so as not to leave marks. In place of the hiding place they threw dry branches, and Lyonka said:
- Now to anyone not a single word. Like a military secret.
- It would be necessary to take an oath to make it stronger.
Everyone agreed. The guys raised their hands and made a solemn promise to keep the secret. Now they had weapons. Now they could fight the enemies.
As time went. No matter how the villagers, who had gone into the forest, hid, the Nazis still found out where they were. One day, returning to the forest camp, the boys heard from a distance that indistinct cries were heard from the forest, someone's rude laughter, the loud cry of women.
Among the dugouts, Nazi soldiers paced with a masterly air. From their shoulder bags stuck out various things that they managed to loot. Two Germans passed Lenka, then one of them looked back, returned and, stamping his feet, began to shout something, pointing to Lenka's cap and to his chest, where a pioneer badge was pinned. The second German was a translator. He said:
- Mr. Corporal ordered you to hang if you do not throw away this hat and another badge.
Before Lyonka had time to come to his senses, the pioneer badge found itself in the hands of a lanky corporal. He threw the badge on the ground and crushed it under his heel. Then he tore off the cap from Lyonka, slapped him painfully on the cheeks, threw the cap on the ground and began to stomp it, trying to crush the little star.
"We'll hang you another time," said the interpreter.
The Germans went, taking away the stolen things.
It was hard on the soul of Lenka. No, not a cap with an asterisk,
it was not the pioneer badge that this lanky fascist trampled on, it seemed to Lyonka as if the Nazi had stepped on his chest with his heel and was crushing him so that it was impossible to breathe. Lyonka went into the dugout, lay down on the bunk and lay there until evening.
In the forest every day it became more and more unpleasant and colder. Tired and cold, my mother came one evening. She said that a German stopped her and ordered her to go to the village. There, in the hut, he pulled out a pile of dirty linen from under the bench and ordered it to be washed on the river. The water is icy, the hands get cold, the fingers cannot be straightened...
“I don’t know how I washed it,” my mother said quietly. - My strength was not. And the German gave me a slice of bread for this washing, he became generous.
Lyonka jumped up from the bench, his eyes burned.
- Throw this bread, mom! I can't do this anymore. You have to beat them! Here I go to the partisans ...
Father looked sternly at Lyonka:
What are you thinking, where are you going? You are still small! We must endure, we are now prisoners.
- I won't, I can't! - Lyonka left the dugout and, without understanding the road, went into the darkness of the forest.
And Ekaterina Alekseevna, Lyonka's mother, caught a bad cold after that wash in ice water. For two days she endured, on the third she said to Lyonka: “Lenyushka, we’ll go to Lukino, we’ll warm ourselves in our hut, maybe I’ll feel better. I'm afraid of one."
And Lyonka went to see his mother off.
Soon the Germans drove the inhabitants out of the forest. They had to return to the village again. Now they lived closely, several families in one hut. Winter came, they said that partisans appeared in the forests, but Lenka and his comrades never saw them.
One day Only One came running and, drawing Lyonka aside, he said in a whisper:
- I was with the partisans.
- Drop you! - Lenka did not believe.
- Honest pioneer, I'm not lying!
He only told me that he went to the forest and met the partisans there. They asked who he was and where he came from. They asked where they could get hay for the horses. Just promised to bring them.
A few days later, the guys went to carry out a partisan mission. Early in the morning, in four wagons, they drove to the meadows, where tall haystacks had stood since summer. On a deaf road, the guys took the hay to the forest - to the place where they only agreed to meet with the partisans. The pioneers slowly followed the wagons, looked around every now and then, but there was no one around.
Suddenly the leading horse stopped. The guys did not even notice how a man who appeared out of nowhere took her by the bridle.
- We've arrived! he said cheerfully. - I've been following you for a long time.
Partizan put two fingers in his mouth and whistled loudly. He was answered with the same whistle.
- Nu, and now quickly! Turn into the forest!
Bonfires were burning in the dense forest, near which the partisans were sitting. A man in a sheepskin coat with a pistol in his belt got up to meet them.
“We’ll give you guys another sleigh,” he said, “and we’ll leave yours with hay so that it’s faster.”
While the horses were being harnessed, the detachment commander asked the guys what was happening in the village. Saying goodbye, he said:
- Well, thanks again, but take these sheets with you. Give them to adults, but be careful that the Nazis do not sniff out, otherwise they will shoot.
In leaflets, partisans urged Soviet people to fight the invaders, to join detachments so that the Nazis would not have peace day or night ...
Soon Lyonka met with his teacher Vasily Grigorievich. He was a partisan and brought Lyonka to his detachment.
Lyonka could not come to his senses. He looked around curiously. That would have taken him here. Looks like a brave people, cheerful. One word: partisans!
Someone suggested taking him on reconnaissance, but Lenka took it at first as a joke, and then he thought, maybe they would really take him ... No, there’s nothing to think about. They say - small, you need to grow up. However, he asked the teacher:
- Vasily Grigorievich, can I join the partisans?
- You? the teacher was surprised. - I don't know...
- Take it, Vasily Grigorievich, I won’t let you down! ..
- Or maybe it’s true to take it, at school, I remember, I was a good fellow ...
From that day on, pioneer Lenya Golikov was enlisted in the partisan
detachment, and a week later the detachment went to other places to fight the Germans. Soon another boy appeared in the detachment - Mityayka. Lyonka right away
made friends with Mityaika. They even slept on the same bunk. At first, the guys were not given any instructions. They only worked in the kitchen: sawing and chopping wood, peeling potatoes... But once a mustachioed partisan entered the dugout and said:
- Well, eagles, the commander calls, there is a task for you.
From that day on, Lenka and Mityayka began to go on reconnaissance. They learned and told the commander of the detachment where the fascist soldiers were located, where their cannons and machine guns were.
The guys, when they went to reconnaissance, dressed in rags, took old bags. They walked around the villages like beggars, begging for pieces of bread, while they themselves looked with all their eyes, noticed everything: how many soldiers were there, how many cars, guns ...
Once they came to a large village and stopped in front of an extreme hut.
“Give me a alms for food,” they chanted in different voices.
A German officer came out of the house. Guys to him:
- Pan, give the ford ... Pan ...
The officer didn't even look at the guys.
“Here’s the greedy one, he’s not looking,” Mityayka whispered.
- That's good, - said Lenka. "So he thinks we're really beggars."
The exploration was successful. Lyonka and Mityayka learned that new Nazi troops had just arrived in the village. The guys even made their way to the officers' canteen, where they were given food. When Lyonka had finished everything they were given, he slyly winked at Mityaika - it was clear that he had come up with something. Fumbling in his pocket, he took out a stub of a pencil and, looking around, quickly wrote something on a paper napkin.
“What are you doing?” Mityayka asked quietly.
- Congratulations to the Nazis. Now you have to leave quickly. Read!
On a piece of paper, Mityayka read: “The partisans dined here
Golikov. Tremble, bastards!”
The boys put their note under their plate and slipped out of the dining room.
Each time the guys got more and more difficult tasks. Now Lyonka had his own machine gun, which he got in battle. As an experienced partisan, he was even taken to blow up enemy trains.
Creeping up one night to the railway, the partisans laid a large mine and waited for the train to leave. They waited until almost dawn. Finally we saw platforms loaded with guns and tanks; wagons in which sat fascist soldiers. When the locomotive
approached the place where the partisans laid a mine, the senior group Stepan commanded Lyonka:
- Let's!
Lyonka pulled the cord. A column of fire shot up under the locomotive, the cars climbed one on top of the other, ammunition began to burst.
When the partisans fled from the railway towards the forest, they heard rifle shots behind them.
- They started the chase, - said Stepan, - now take your feet.
They both ran. There was very little left of the forest. Suddenly Stepan screamed.
- They hurt me, now you can't leave ... Run alone.
“Let’s go, Stepan,” Lyonka persuaded him, “they won’t find us in the forest.” You lean on me, let's go...
Stepan moved forward with difficulty. The shots stopped. Stepan was almost falling, and Lyonka could hardly drag him on himself.
- No, I can't do it anymore, - said the wounded Stepan and sank to the ground.
Lyonka bandaged him and again led the wounded man. Stepan was getting worse, he was already losing consciousness and could not move on. Exhausted, Lyonka dragged Stepan to the camp...
For rescuing a wounded comrade, Lenya Golikov was awarded the medal "For Military Merit".
But the most extraordinary thing happened to Lyonka on August 13, 1942.
The night before, the partisan scouts had gone on a mission—fifteen kilometers to the highway from the camp. They lay on the side of the road all night. Cars did not move, the road was deserted. What to do? The group leader ordered to withdraw. The partisans withdrew to the edge of the forest. Lyonka lagged behind them a little. He was about to catch up with his people, but, looking back at the road, he saw that a passenger car was approaching along the highway.
He rushed forward and lay down near the bridge behind a pile of stones.
The car approached the bridge, slowed down, and Lyonka, swinging, threw a grenade at it. There was an explosion. Lyonka saw a Nazi in a white tunic jump out of the car with a red briefcase and a machine gun.
Lenka fired, but missed. The fascist fled. Lenka chased after him. The officer looked around and saw that a boy was running after him. Very small. If they were put side by side, the boy would barely reach his waist. The officer stopped and fired. The boy fell. The fascist ran on.
But Lyonka was not wounded. He quickly crawled to the side and fired several shots. The officer ran...
For a whole kilometer Lenka was chasing. And the Nazi, firing back, approached the forest. On the move, he threw off his white tunic and remained in a dark shirt. It became more difficult to aim at him.
Lyonka began to lag behind. Now the fascist will hide in the forest, then everything is lost. There were only a few rounds left in the gun. Then Lyonka threw off his heavy boots and ran barefoot, not bending down under the bullets that the enemy sent at him.
The last cartridge remained in the disk of the machine gun, and with this last shot Lenka hit the enemy. He took his machine gun, briefcase and, breathing heavily, went back. On the way, he picked up a white tunic thrown by the Nazis and only then saw the general's twisted shoulder straps on it.
- Ege! .. And the bird, it turns out, is important, - he said aloud.
Lyonka put on a general's tunic, fastened it on everything
buttons, rolled up the sleeves that hung below the knees, pulled on a cap with gold patterns over the cap, which he found in a wrecked car, and ran to catch up with his comrades ...
Teacher Vasily Grigorievich was already worried, he wanted to send a group in search of Lyonka, when he suddenly appeared near the fire. Lyonka came out into the light of the fire in a white general's tunic with gold shoulder straps. He had two machine guns hanging around his neck - his own and a trophy one. Under his arm he held a red briefcase. Lenka's look was so hilarious that loud laughter broke out.
- And what do you have? the teacher asked, pointing to the briefcase.
- German documents, I took from the general, - Lyonka answered.
The teacher took the documents and went with them to the chief of staff of the detachment.
An interpreter was urgently called there, then a radio operator. The papers were very important. Then Vasily Grigorievich left the headquarters dugout and called Lyonka.
“Well, well done,” he said. - Such documents and experienced scouts are mined once in a hundred years. Now they will be reported to Moscow about them.
After some time, a radiogram came from Moscow, it said that everyone who captured such important documents should be presented to the highest award. In Moscow, of course, they did not know that they were captured by one Lenya Golikov, who was only fourteen years old.
So the pioneer Lenya Golikov became a hero of the Soviet Union.

The young pioneer hero died a heroic death on January 24, 1943 in an unequal battle near the village of Ostraya Luka.

On the grave of Lenya Golikov, in the village of Ostraya Luka of the Dedovichi district, fishermen of the Novgorod region erected an obelisk, and a monument was erected to the young hero on the banks of the Pola River.
In June 1960, a monument to Lena Golikov was unveiled in Moscow at VDNKh at the entrance to the Young Naturalists and Technicians pavilion. A monument to the young hero was also erected in the city of Novgorod at the expense of the pioneers for the scrap metal they collected.

The name of the brave partisan Lenya Golikov is listed in the Book of Honor of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after A.I. V. I. Lenin.
By a decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, one of the ships of the Soviet fleet was named after Lenya Golikov.

_____________________

Recognition - BK-MTGC.