What did Matryona do in the story Matryona's Dvor. Solzhenitsyn “Matryona Dvor” - characteristics and fate of Matryona the Righteous

A.I. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryonin's Dvor" touches on such topics as the moral and spiritual life of the people, the struggle for survival, the contradiction between the individual and society, the relationship between government and man. "Matryonin's Dvor" is written entirely about a simple Russian woman. Despite many unrelated events, Matryona is the main actor. The plot of the story develops around her.

Solzhenitsyn focuses on a simple village woman, Matryona Vasilievna, who lives in poverty and has worked all her life on a state farm. Matryona got married even before the revolution and from the very first day began to take care of household chores. Our heroine is a lonely woman who lost her husband at the front and buried six children. Matryona lived alone in a huge house. "Everything was built long ago and soundly, for big family, and now there lived a lonely woman of about sixty." Central theme in this work there is a theme of home and hearth.

Matryona, despite all the hardships Everyday life, has not lost the ability to respond to someone else’s misfortune with soul and heart. She is the keeper of the hearth, but this is her only mission, which acquires scale and philosophical depth. Matryona is still not ideal, Soviet ideology penetrates into life, into the heroine’s house (signs of this ideology are a poster on the wall and an ever-incessant radio).

We meet a woman who has experienced a lot in life and was not even awarded a well-deserved pension: “There were a lot of injustices with Matryona: she was sick, but was not considered disabled; she worked for a quarter of a century on a collective farm, but because she was not at a factory, she was not supposed to she got a pension for herself, but she could have sought it for her husband, that is, for the loss of a breadwinner.” Such injustice reigned at that time in all corners of Russia. A person who does good for his country with his own hands is not valued in the state; he is trampled into the dirt. Matryona earned five such pensions throughout her working life. But they don’t give her a pension, because on the collective farm she received chopsticks, not money. And to achieve a pension for your husband, you need to spend a lot of time and effort. She collected papers for a very long time, spent time, but all in vain. Matryona was left without a pension. This absurdity of laws is more likely to drive a person into his grave than to ensure his financial situation.

The main character has no livestock other than a goat: “All her bellies were one dirty white goat.” She ate mostly just potatoes: “She walked around and cooked in three cast irons: one cast iron for me, one for herself, one for the goat. She chose the smallest potatoes from the underground for the goat, small ones for herself, and small ones for me.” egg". A good life is not visible when people are sucked into the swamp of poverty. Life is very unfair to Matryona. The bureaucratic apparatus, which does not work for people, together with the state is not at all interested in how people like Matryona live. The slogan “Everything is for people” has been crossed out ". Wealth no longer belongs to the people, the people are serfs of the state. And, in my opinion, these are the problems that Solzhenitsyn touches on in his story.

The image of Matryona Vasilievna is the embodiment best features Russian peasant woman. She has a difficult tragic fate. Her “children did not stand: each one died before they were three months old and without any illness.” Everyone in the village decided that there was damage in it. Matryona does not know happiness in her personal life, but she is not all for herself, but for people. For ten years, working for free, the woman raised Kira as her own, instead of her children. Helping her in everything, refusing to help anyone, she is morally much higher than her selfish relatives. Life is not easy, “thick with worries,” Solzhenitsyn does not hide this in any detail.

I believe that Matryona is a victim of events and circumstances. Moral purity, unselfishness, hard work - traits that attract us to the image of a simple Russian woman who has lost everything in her life and has not become bitter. In old age, sick, she treats her mental and physical ailments. Work constitutes happiness, the goal for which she lives. And yet, if you look closely at Matryona’s lifestyle, you can see that Matryona is a slave of labor, and not a mistress. That is why her fellow villagers, and most of all her relatives, shamelessly exploited her, while she meekly bore her heavy cross. Matryona, according to the author's plan, is the ideal of a Russian woman, the fundamental principle of all existence. “All of us,” Solzhenitsyn concludes his story about Matryona’s life, “lived next to her and did not understand that she was the very righteous man without whom, according to the proverb, the village would not stand. Not the city. Not our whole land.”

In Solzhenitsyn's work " Matrenin Dvor"The image of the righteous woman is presented - this is Matryona.

Full name main character- Grigorieva Matryona Vasilievna. The reader learns about her difficult life from the words of the narrator, Ignatich.

The main character is about sixty years old, she is friendly and happy to see everyone, she lives in rural areas, so from childhood I got used to work. She lived alone in the house and had no children. Her loneliness was brightened up by a new guest; now she got up early for him, cooked, took care of him, and shared her experiences.

Matryona appeared to be a strong and healthy woman, but at times she had seizures and her face glowed yellow. When seizures occurred, the heroine could not walk for several days and lay at home, missing work on the collective farm.

The most precious things for the heroine were her flowers and her cat. She loved her plants very much, took care of them, and in the event of a fire, she saved them first of all.

Matryona loved Thaddeus in her youth, but because of the war they could not be together. She stopped waiting for her lover and married his brother. Thaddeus suddenly returns from the war, marries and starts a family. All Matryona's children have died, she decides to adopt a girl - Thaddeus's daughter. But she also leaves the heroine.

Matryona often selflessly helped her relatives and neighbors, receiving in response only condemnation, not gratitude. Matryona is a truly bright person, capable of self-sacrifice. Despite her illness, Matryona was ready to help everyone, but she was not paid a pension, she worked for nothing.

While the heroine was still alive, Thaddeus began to divide her property, forcing her to give part of the house to his daughter. Matryona dies during the move, no one regrets her death except the guest. The villagers called Matryona stupid and did not understand anything in life; they did not appreciate her help and work.

Matryona is pure in soul, she does not blame other people for disrespecting her, but on the contrary, she helps, rejoices at someone else’s harvest or someone else’s happiness. Main character - positive hero, this is reflected in her actions and thoughts.

Essay about Matryona

The skill in depicting the various destinies of people and their characters belongs to the previously banned writer Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn. One of these striking works is the story Matrenin Dvor, written in 1959. It represents fortitude and the ability to be compassionate.

We see a description of the life and life of the village in the post-war period. The main character in the work is the village woman Matryona Grigorievna. She worked on a state farm all her life and was always hardworking. Because of this war, she lost her husband, whom she married before the revolution. And she also lost her children and this left a huge imprint on her soul and in her heart. In the story we see it in Ignatyich’s narration, when he returns from Kazakhstan and begins to live in Matryona’s house. Her trust in to the common man surprising, because she lived in this huge and old house completely alone. Despite this, she tries to maintain comfort, warmth and home. After her death, Ignatyich calls her very dear and kind person, without which it is difficult to imagine the village. The entire sequence of actions gives the work authenticity and truthfulness.

Matryona's life is hard and difficult, but she has not lost faith in people. This village woman never refuses to help anyone. Even if she has urgent matters, she will put the request of the person who turns to her first. All her suffering from that modern power makes itself felt in despair, and without losing heart she finds joy for the soul in constant work and work. She could grab a shovel and go to the garden to take her mind off the melancholy and despondency. She could grab a basket and go into the forest to pick mushrooms or berries. She replaced this emptiness in the family with work.

In the second part of the story, Alexander Isaevich tells us about the heroine’s youth. About how she married sibling your loved one. Here the image of Matryona is contrasted with Thaddeus. He was filled with rage and anger because of the betrayal of his beloved girl. Even after death, Thaddeus’s relatives tried to insult Matryona, calling her unclean and careless.

His vision of many of the problems reflected in this work brings his own character and his unsurpassed style of storytelling to Russian literature. Here you can clearly see the attitude of the authorities towards the people, towards their problems, as well as the fierce struggle for survival in the harsh conditions of society, as well as Matryona’s selfless attitude towards all those in need.

Several interesting essays

According to the calendar, spring comes in March. But she is sometimes late. And then it snows again. The days are getting longer than in winter. Snow is melting. Puddles form

Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva is a peasant, a lonely woman of sixty years old, released from the collective farm due to illness. The story documents the life of Matrena Timofeevna Zakharova, a resident of the village of Miltsevo (near Solzhenitsyn’s Talnovo) in the Kurlovsky district. Vladimir region. Original title“A village is not worth without a righteous man” was changed at the suggestion of Tvardovsky, who believed that it revealed the meaning too straightforwardly central image and the whole story. M., according to her fellow villagers, “didn’t chase after money,” dressed haphazardly, “helped strangers for free.”

The house is old, in the corner of the door by the stove is Matryona’s bed, the best part of the hut near the window is lined with stools and benches, on which tubs and pots with her favorite ficus trees are her main wealth. Among the living creatures - a lanky old cat, which M. took pity on and picked up on the street, a dirty white goat with crooked horns, mice and cockroaches.

M. got married even before the revolution, because “their mother died... they didn’t have enough hands.” She married Efim the younger, and loved the eldest, Thaddeus, but he went to war and disappeared. She waited for him for three years - “no news, not a bone.” On Peter's Day they got married to Efim, and Thaddeus returned from Hungarian captivity to Mikola in the winter and almost chopped them both with an ax. She gave birth to six children, but they “didn’t survive” - they didn’t live to see three months. During World War II, Efim disappeared and M. was left alone. For eleven post-war years(the action takes place in 1956) M. decided that he was no longer alive. Thaddeus also had six children, all were alive, and M. took in the youngest girl, Kira, and raised her.

M. did not receive a pension. She was ill, but was not considered disabled; she worked on a collective farm for a quarter of a century “by the sticks.” True, later they began to pay her eighty rubles, and she received more than a hundred more from the school and the resident teacher. She didn’t start anything “good”, didn’t rejoice at the chance to get a lodger, didn’t complain about illness, although she was sick twice a month. But she unquestioningly went to work when the chairman’s wife came running for her, or when a neighbor asked her to help dig potatoes - M. never refused anyone and never took money from anyone, for which they considered her stupid. “She was always interfering in men’s affairs. And a horse once almost knocked her into an ice hole in the lake,” and finally, when they took away her room, they could have done without her - no, “Matryona got carried away between the tractor and the sleigh.” That is, she was always ready to help another, ready to neglect herself, to give her last. So I gave the upper room to my pupil Kira, which means that I will have to tear the house down, halve it - impossible, wild act, from the owner's point of view. And she even rushed to help transport it.

She got up at four or five o’clock, had plenty of things to do until the evening, had a plan in advance of what to do, but no matter how tired she was, she was always friendly.

M. was characterized by innate delicacy - she was afraid to burden herself and therefore, when she was sick, she did not complain, did not moan, and was embarrassed to call a doctor from the village first-aid post. She believed in God, but not earnestly, although she began every business - “With God!” While rescuing Thaddeus's property, which was stuck on a sleigh at a railway crossing, M. was hit by a train and died. Its absence on this earth affects immediately: who will now go sixth to harness the plow? Who should I contact for help?

Against the backdrop of M.'s death, the characters of her greedy sisters, Thaddeus - her former lover, her friend Masha, and everyone who takes part in the division of her poor belongings - appear. There is a cry over the coffin, which turns into “politics”, into a dialogue between contenders for Matrenino’s “property”, of which there is only a dirty white goat, a lanky cat and ficus trees. Matrenin's guest, observing all this, remembering the living M., suddenly clearly understands that all these people, including him, lived next to her and did not understand that she was the very righteous man without whom “the village would not stand.”

1. Solzhenitsyn is a chronicler of the Soviet era. 2. “Matrenin’s Dvor” is a prototype of a righteous corner in the country. 3. Image of Matryona. 4. The final meaning of the story. A.I. Solzhenitsyn has his own special place in Russian literature of the 20th century. He is like a chronicler of this era...

Like many, Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor” is based on facts from the biography of the writer himself. However, it does not reflect the years spent in Stalin’s camps, but the life of the writer in the village of Milydevo, Vladimir region. The main character of the story is really...

I read A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor”. This story teaches us patience, endurance, hard work and faith in life. In this work, the author describes to us an ordinary rural life and its inhabitants. The main character of the story is Matryona. Matryona...

Matryona Vasilievna- the main character of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor”. She was about sixty years old. She lived in the village of Talnovo, which was located not far from peat mining. I believe that Matryona Vasilievna was the right person V...

Goals:

educational: reading and analysis literary text, identification author's position through revealing the image of the main character of the story.

developing: awakening creative potential students (by encouraging them to think, comprehend what they read, and exchange opinions).

educational: expanding students' understanding of A. Solzhenitsyn - writer, publicist, historian; developing the need for reading, nurturing a sense of empathy, respect for people of work and truth.

Equipment: media presentation, portrait of A. Solzhenitsyn, paintings by artists about the Russian village, epigraphs, definitions, drawings.

Literature :

N. Loktionova“A village is not worthwhile without a righteous man.” To the study of A. Solzhenitsivna’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor.” – Literature at school, No. 3, 1994, pp. 33-37

A. Solzhenitsyn“Don’t live by a lie!” – Literature at school No. 3, 1994, pp. 38-41.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizing time:

1) Record the number, topic. We continue our work on studying the creativity of A.I. Solzhenitsyn. Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn - writer, publicist, poet and public figure, academician Russian Academy sciences, laureate Nobel Prize in the field of literature.

II. Learning new material:

Today our focus is on the story “Matrenin’s Dvor”. Written in 1959, in the initial period of the writer’s work, this story gives a vivid idea of ​​Solzhenitsyn, the artist of words, and of the post-war period of life in the village. (Slide 1)

2) Select and write down the epigraph of the lesson from among those suggested ( . Slide 2):

3) Today we get acquainted with the heroes of A. Solzhenitsyn’s story. A. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin's Dvor" is at the origins of Russian village prose second half of the twentieth century. Let's try during the analysis this story reveal its meaning and try to answer the question: “What is the “secret Inner Light"read the story?" (Slide 3)

1) At home, you read the story and reflected on what you read based on the questions and assignments provided.
Let's turn to the definition of genre.Story- this is... (Slide 4. )

2) In his stories, A. Solzhenitsyn in an extremely concise form, with stunning artistic power reflects on eternal questions: the fate of the Russian village, the position of the common working man, relationships between people, etc. V. Astafiev called “Matrenin’s Dvor” “the pinnacle of Russian short stories.” Solzhenitsyn himself once noted that he rarely turned to the short story genre, “for artistic pleasure.” So, the story is usually based on an incident that reveals the character of the main character. That's why traditional principle Solzhenitsyn also constructs his story. Through the tragic event - the death of Matryona - the author comes to a deep understanding of her personality. Only after death “the image of Matryona floated before me, as I did not understand her, even living side by side with her.” Tragic fate Matryona will be the main part of our work. I invite you to an open discussion, a free exchange of opinions about the story you read. (Appendix 3).

III. Conversation to identify perception:

Look at the reproduction of the painting “Old Age” by artist V. Popkov. Mentally immerse yourself in the life of the Russian village. Try to describe the idea of ​​the painting, what touched you, what did you think about?
( The picture is about loneliness, the habit of working tirelessly. The picture shows a neat, strict old woman. A stylized interior, in which there is not a single superfluous detail, testifies not so much to everyday life as to the mythopoetic idea of ​​a house, in which the main place is occupied by the stove (warmth) and the door, waiting for at least someone who can brighten up loneliness. The figure of the housewife with a dim look turned inward, into the soul (and through it to us and to the whole world) personifies the idea of ​​​​preserving a “light” in a large hostile world, a protected corner in which a person who gets lost in the snowstorms of inclement times can be saved.)

What problems formed the basis of this story?
( Joyless way of life village life, the fate of a rural Russian woman, post-war difficulties, the powerless position of a collective farmer, complex relationships between relatives in the family, true and imaginary moral values, loneliness and old age, spiritual generosity and selflessness, the fate of the post-war generation etc..) (Slide 5)

IV. Story Analysis:

1) Draw verbal portrait Matryona.
The writer does not give detailed, specific portrait description heroines. Only one portrait detail is emphasized - Matryona’s “radiant”, “kind”, “apologetic” smile. The author treats Matryona with sympathy: “The frozen window of the entryway, now shortened, glowed slightly pink from the red frosty sun, and this glow warmed Matryona’s face,” “Those people have good faces who are at peace with their conscience.” Matryona's speech is smooth, melodious, primordially Russian, beginning with “some low warm purring, like grandmothers in fairy tales.” The semantic richness of the “irregularities” of Matryona’s speech. (Slide 5)

2) Describe the environment in which Matryona lives, her world?
Matryona lives in a darkish hut with a large Russian stove. It’s like a continuation of herself, a part of her life. Everything here is organic and natural: the cockroaches rustling behind the partition, the rustling of which was reminiscent of the “distant sound of the ocean,” and the languid cat, picked up out of pity by Matryona, and the mice, which on the tragic night of Matryona’s death darted about behind the wallpaper as if Matryona herself was “invisibly rushed about and said goodbye here, to her hut.” These are Matryona’s favorite ficuses. That “the loneliness of the housewife was filled with a silent but lively crowd.” Those same ficus trees. What Matryona once saved from a fire, without thinking about the meager goods she had acquired, the ficuses froze in that “frightened crowd” terrible night, and then were taken out of the hut forever...
This artistic detail helps us better understand the image of the main character of the story. Matryonin's yard is a kind of island in the middle of the ocean of lies, which keeps the treasures of the people's spirit.( Slide 6)

3) How does the story create an understanding of difficult things? life path heroines?
Matryona’s “Kolotnaya Zhitenka” unfolds before us gradually. Bit by bit, referring to the author's digressions and comments scattered throughout the story, to the meager confessions of Matryona herself, a story is emerging about the difficult life path of the heroine. She had to endure a lot of grief and injustice in her lifetime: broken love, the death of six children, the loss of her husband in the war, hellish work in the village that is not feasible for every man, severe illness - illness, bitter resentment towards the collective farm, which squeezed all the strength out of her, and then wrote it off as unnecessary, leaving him without a pension and support. But it's amazing! Matryona was not angry at this world, she retained a feeling of joy and pity for others, her radiant smile still brightens her face.
Thus, she lived poorly, wretchedly, alone - a “lost old woman”, exhausted by work and illness. (slide 8)

4) What was the surest way for Matryona to maintain a good mood?
The author writes: “she had a sure way to regain her good mood - work.” For a quarter of a century on the collective farm, she had broken her back quite a lot: digging, planting, carrying huge sacks and logs. And all this - “not for money, for sticks of workdays in the grimy accountant’s book.” However, she was not entitled to a pension because she did not work at a factory - on a collective farm. And in her old age, Matryona knew no rest: she either grabbed a shovel, then went with sacks to the swamp to cut grass for her dirty white goat, or went with other women to secretly steal peat from the collective farm for winter kindling. Matryona did not hold any grudge against the collective farm. Moreover, according to the very first decree, she went to help the collective farm, without receiving, as before, anything for her work. Yes and anyone distant relative or she did not refuse to help her neighbor, “without a shadow of envy” she told the guest about her neighbor’s rich potato harvest. Work was never a burden to her; “Matryona never spared either her labor or her goods.” (slide 9)

5) How did your village neighbors and relatives treat Matryona?
How were her relationships with others? What do the fates of the narrator and Matryona have in common? Who do the heroes tell about their past?
Sisters, sister-in-law, stepdaughter Kira, the only friend in the village, Thaddeus - these are those who were closest to Matryona. Relatives almost did not appear in her house, apparently fearing that Matryona would ask them for help. Everyone condemned Matryona in unison. That she’s funny and stupid, working for others for free, always meddling in men’s affairs (after all, she got hit by a train because she wanted to help the men, pull the sleigh with them through the crossing). True, after Matryona’s death, the sisters immediately flocked in, “seized the hut, the goat and the stove, locked her chest, and gutted two hundred funeral rubles from the lining of her coat.” Yes, and a friend of half a century - “the only one who sincerely loved Matryona in this village” - who came running in tears with the tragic news, nevertheless, when leaving, she did not forget to take Matryona’s knitted blouse with her so that the sisters would not get it. The sister-in-law, who recognized Matryona’s simplicity and cordiality, spoke about this “with suspicious regret.” Everyone around Matryonina mercilessly took advantage of her kindness, simplicity and selflessness. Matryona feels uncomfortable and cold in her native state. She is alone within a large society and, worst of all, within a small one - her village, family, friends. This means that what is wrong is a society whose system suppresses the best. It is about this – about the false moral foundations of society – that the author of the story sounds the alarm.
Matryona and Ignatyich (the narrator) tell each other about their past. They are brought together by disorder and complexity life destinies. Only in Matryona's hut did the hero feel something akin to his heart. And lonely Matryona felt trust in her guest. The heroes are united by the drama of their fate and many life principles. Their relationship is especially evident in speech. The narrator's language is extremely close to vernacular, literary at its core, it is filled with expressive dialectisms and vernaculars (whole-wet, lopotno, benevolent, exactly, melelo, without ritual etc.) Often in the author’s speech there are words overheard from Matryona. (slide 10)

6) What can you say about the way of life of the village, about the relations between its inhabitants? On what foundations is Solzhenitsyn’s image based? social system? In what colors are Thaddeus Mironovich and Matryona’s relatives depicted in the story? How does Thaddeus behave when dismantling the upper room? What motivates him?
The hero-storyteller tells us about this, whom fate threw into this strange place called Peat Product. Already in the name itself there was a wild violation, a distortion of primordial Russian traditions. Here “dense, impenetrable forests stood before and have survived the revolution.” But then they were cut down, reduced to the roots, over which the chairman of the neighboring collective farm elevated his collective farm, receiving the title of Hero Socialist Labor. The whole image of a Russian village comes together from individual details. Gradually, the interests of a living, concrete person were replaced by state, government interests. They no longer baked bread, did not sell anything edible - the table became meager and poor. Collective farmers “everything goes to the collective farm, right down to the white flies,” and they had to gather hay for their cows from under the snow. The new chairman began by cutting off the gardens of all disabled people, and huge areas of land lay empty behind fences. The trust is burning, showing abundant peat production in its reports. Management lies railway, which does not sell tickets for empty carriages. The school that fights for a high percentage of academic achievement is lying. Long years Matryona lived without a ruble, and when they advised her to seek a pension, she was no longer happy: they chased her around the offices with papers for several months - “now for a period, now for a comma.” And more experienced neighbors summed up her ordeals: “The state is momentary. Today, you see, it gave, but tomorrow it will take away.” All this led to a distortion, a displacement of the most important thing in life - moral principles and concepts. How did it happen, the author bitterly reflects, “that the language strangely calls our property our property, the people’s or mine? And losing it is considered shameful and stupid in front of people.” Greed, envy of each other and bitterness drive people. When they were dismantling Matryona’s room, “everyone worked like crazy, in that exasperation that people have when they smell big money or are expecting a big treat. They were shouting at each other and arguing."

7) Is this how you said goodbye to Matryona?

A significant place in the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn devotes the scene to Matryona's funeral. And this is no coincidence. In Matryona's house last time All the relatives and friends in whose surroundings she lived her life gathered. And it turned out that Matryona was leaving this life, not understood by anyone, not mourned by anyone as a human being. Even from folk rites of farewell to a person, the real feeling, the human beginning, has disappeared. Crying has turned into a kind of politics; ritual norms are unpleasantly striking in their “coldly thought-out” orderliness. At the funeral dinner they drank a lot, they said loudly, “not about Matryona at all.” According to custom, they sang “Eternal Memory,” but “the voices were hoarse, discordant, their faces were drunk, and no one in this eternal memory I no longer invested feelings.” The most terrible figure in the story is Thaddeus, this “insatiable old man”, who has lost elementary human pity, overwhelmed by the only thirst for profit. Even the upper room “has been under a curse since the hands of Thaddeus set out to break it.” The fact that he is like this today is also partly the fault of Matryona herself, because she did not wait for him from the front, buried him in her thoughts ahead of time - and Thaddeus became completely angry White light. At the funeral of Matryona and his son, he was gloomy with one heavy thought - to save the upper room from the fire and from Matryona's sisters.
After the death of Matryona, the hero-narrator does not hide his grief, but he becomes truly scared when, having gone through all the village residents, he comes to the conclusion that Thaddeus was not the only one in the village. But Matryona - like that - was completely alone. The death of Matryona, the destruction of her yard and hut is a terrible warning about the catastrophe that could happen to a society that has lost moral guidelines. (slide 11)

8) Is there a certain pattern in the death of Matryona, or is it a coincidence of random circumstances?

It is known that Matryona had a real prototype - Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova, whose life and death formed the basis of the story. The author convinces with his entire narration. That Matryona's death is inevitable and natural. Her death at the crossing acquires symbolic meaning. A certain symbol is visible in this: it is Matryona the Righteous who passes away. Such people are always to blame, such people always pay, not even for their sins. Yes, Matryona’s death is a certain milestone, it is a break in the moral ties that were still held under Matryona. Perhaps this is the beginning of decay, the death of the moral foundations that Matryona strengthened with her life. (slide 12)

9) What is the meaning of this story, its main idea?
The original title (author's) of the story is“A village is not worthwhile without a righteous man” . And Tvardovsky suggested, for the sake of the opportunity to publish the story, a more neutral title - “Matrenin’s Dvor”. But even in this name lies deep meaning. If we start from the broad concepts of “collective farm yard”, “ peasant yard", then in the same row there will be "Matrenin's Dvor" as a symbol of a special structure of life, a special world. Matryona, the only one in the village, lives in her own world: she arranges her life with work, honesty, kindness and patience, preserving her soul and inner freedom. Popularly wise, sensible, able to appreciate goodness and beauty, smiling and sociable in disposition, Matryona managed to resist evil and violence, preserving her “court”. This is how the associative chain is logically built: Matryonin’s yard - Matryonin’s world - the special world of the righteous, the world of spirituality, kindness, mercy. But Matryona dies and this world collapses: her house is torn apart log by log, her modest belongings are greedily divided. And there is no one to protect Matryona’s yard, no one even thinks that with Matryona’s departure something very valuable and important, not amenable to division and primitive everyday assessment, is leaving life.” Everyone lived next to her and did not understand that she was the same righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, “The village is not worthwhile. Neither the city. Neither the whole land is ours.” (slide13)

10) What is the author’s position, if considered more broadly, in the context of his entire work?
The story is largely autobiographical. After his release from the camp, Solzhenitsyn goes to central Russia to work as a teacher, where he meets Matryona. His fate is not easy. The narrator is a person difficult fate, who has a war and a camp behind him. This is evidenced by artistic details(mention that “I ate twice a day, like at the front,” about the camp padded jacket, about unpleasant memories, “when they come to you loudly and in greatcoats at night,” etc.) It is no coincidence that he strives to “get stuck in and get lost in the very interior of Russia,” to find peace and that spiritual harmony that he had lost in his difficult life and which, in his opinion, was preserved among the people. In Matryona's hut, the hero felt something akin to his heart. Often the author resorts to direct assessments and comments. All this gives the story special confidence and artistic insight. The author admits that he, who became related to Matryona, does not pursue any selfish interests, nevertheless, he still did not fully understand her. And only death revealed before him the majestic and tragic image Matryona. And the story is a kind of author’s repentance, bitter repentance for the moral blindness of everyone around him, including himself. He bows his head before a man of a selfless soul, but absolutely unrequited, defenseless, oppressed by the entire dominant system. Solzhenitsyn becomes “in opposition not so much to this or that political system, as much as to the false moral foundations of society.” He strives to return eternal moral concepts to their deep, original meaning. The story as a whole, despite the tragedy of the events, is sustained on some very warm, bright, piercing note, setting the reader up for good feelings and serious thoughts.

(slide 14)

11) What is the “secret inner light” of this story?
HaveZ. Gippiusa poem that was written earlier than the events depicted in our story, and it was written for a different reason, but try to correlate its content with our story, I hope this will help you formulate your own reasoning when writing a short creative work. (slide 15, appendix 7)

V. Consolidation of new material.

Creative work of students: “The Secret Inner Light” of the story “A. Solzhenitsyn’s “Matrenin’s Dvor” and my impressions of what I read. (Appendix4)

VI. Lesson summary : Let's listen to each other (excerpts from creative works students)

VII. Homework : Read A. Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” and think about what idea unites these two works.

/ / / The image of Matryona in Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor”

A very touching work by the Russian writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn. The author was a humanist, so it is not surprising that the story features a pure good female image main character.

The narration is told on behalf of the narrator, through the prism of whose worldview we recognize the images of other characters, including the main character.

Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva – central. By the will of fate, former prisoner Ignatich settles in her house. It is he who tells us about Matryona’s life.

The woman did not immediately agree to accept a tenant in her yard; she advised him to find a cleaner and more comfortable place. But Ignatich was not looking for comfort; it was enough for him to have his own corner. He wanted to live quiet life, so I chose the village.

Matryona is a modest resident of the village, simple-minded and friendly. She was already about sixty years old. She lived alone because she was widowed and lost all her children. To some extent, the guest diversified her lonely life. After all, now Matryona had someone to get up early for, cook food, and have someone to talk to in the evenings.

The narrator notes that round face Matryona looked sick because of her yellowness and cloudy eyes. She sometimes had attacks of some kind of illness. And although she was not considered disabled, the illness knocked her off her feet for several days. Having learned about difficult fate woman, Ignatich realized that her illness was quite understandable.

In her youth, Matryona loved Thaddeus and wanted to marry him. However, the war separated the lovers. The news came that he was missing. Matryona was sad for a long time, but at the insistence of her relatives she married her brother ex-lover. After some time, a miracle happened - Thaddeus returned home alive. He was upset when he learned about Matryona's marriage. But later he also marries and has many children. Since Matryona’s children did not live long, she takes one child of Thaddeus and his wife to raise. But her adopted daughter also leaves her. After the loss of her husband, Matryona is left completely alone.

The image of Matryona is very bright and at the same time tragic. She always lived more for others than for herself. Despite her illness, Matryona did not shy away from hard work for the good of society. However, the narrator notes that the woman did not receive her pension for a long time.

Matryona never refused to help her neighbors. But her selfless actions and simplicity caused more misunderstanding on the part of her fellow villagers than gratitude.

The woman endured all the trials steadfastly and did not become an embittered person. They say about such people that they have an inner core.

The ending of Matryona's life is very tragic. Special role Her beloved Thaddeus played in this. He turned out to be a rotten man and insisted that Matryona give him the inheritance of his daughter Kira. Even then, the old woman did not defend her rights, but even helped dismantle her hut, which led to her sad end.

The image of Matryona is the image of a simple-minded woman misunderstood by others.