What do we learn about the Mironov family. The image and character of the Mironovs based on the story The Captain's Daughter (A. S. Pushkin)

(based on the story by A. S. Pushkin “ Captain's daughter»)

The action of the story “The Captain's Daughter” takes place in 1772-1775, during the Pugachev uprising. Although it was not crucial to the story, it played a vital role in shaping the characters' characters.

Having found himself in service in the Belogorsk fortress, Pyotr Grinev gets acquainted with its inhabitants - the family of the commandant Captain Ivan Kuzmich Mironov and everyone else who lives in the “God-saved fortress”. The Mironov family is small: the commandant himself, his wife Vasilisa Egorovna and daughter Marya Ivanovna. The family's life is smooth, its moral foundations are strong. The commandant is comical and simple-minded, and his wife keeps him under her thumb. Almost everyone in the fortress is run by Vasilisa Yegorovna, strict, thorough, cunning, who managed to deftly find out from Ivan Ignatievich the secret about the Pugachev uprising. Their daughter is Marya Ivanovna, “a girl of about eighteen, chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair combed smoothly behind her ears,” “prudent and sensitive.” The commandant’s family cordially welcomes the “master’s child” Petrusha Grinev, who later became the lover and savior of their orphaned daughter.

The approach of danger - the rebel army led by Pugachev, forces the heroes of the story to reveal a new side. Vasilisa Egorovna does not agree to leave her husband and hide behind the stone walls of Orenburg. Realizing the futility of his actions, Ivan Kuzmich still does not surrender to the victors, but fires back from a cannon, tries to raise his “soldiers” and strike at least some blow to the enemy. Bleeding, he refuses to recognize the thief and impostor as king and accepts death with dignity. Poor Vasilisa Egorovna also dies, before her death she called Pugachev “an escaped convict.” The Mironov spouses have the concept of honor and duty above all else; you can always rely on such people. “Old people”, patriarchal, pure, deserve respect and admiration.

Outwardly weak and shy, Masha more than once shows fortitude and perseverance: she refuses Shvabrin, even though he has a “good name,” and later remains faithful to her beloved Petrusha, not succumbing to Shvabrin’s harassment and threats. She is not afraid of possible death. Machine love is pure and deep. And when her loved one was arrested, she, a simple provincial girl, reaches the empress herself to save Petrusha and defends her love to the end. These are her principles, and she will never compromise them. Weakness and shyness turn into strength and sacrifice, the main advantage of the nature of Russian women.

The family of Captain Mironov is an example that honor and duty can truly become the cornerstone human life that living according to honor and duty is a feat.

/ / / The Mironov family in Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter”

A.S. Pushkin, in his story “” reveals the most pressing problems of that time. This is the place of “little” people in society, as well as their influence on the course of development historical events. These are moral relationships in difficult and cruel conditions. This is the theme of love that is eternal.

The most striking manifestation moral problem is the Mironov family. It consists of Ivan Kuzmich, Vasilisa Egorovna and their daughter Masha. The head of the family, Ivan Kuzmich, receives officer rank for his courage in battles against the enemies of the fatherland. He is a simple, “his” person. His wife Vasilisa Egorovna was the same. Both heroes in their speeches and statements often use simple, folk expressions- “I suppose”, “not good”. The Mironov family lives poorly, in a modest house, without luxury. But this does not prevent all family members from being friendly and family.

The Mironov family is very similar to the family, which is why Peter was so warmly welcomed into close circles. In the Mironov family, everyone stands for each other. Among them there is a principle: “to live together, so die together.”

Despite the patriarchal morning in the family, Vasilisa Egorovna’s word is important. She often manages and commands Ivan Kuzmich, solving his official affairs and issues as her own culinary tasks. But she doesn't look like a grumpy and rude woman. This happens because love and mutual consent triumph in the relationship between Ivan Kuzmich and Vasilisa Egorovna.

Throughout his life, Ivan Mironov defends the honor and duty of an officer, he is devoted to his homeland, faithful to his oath. Even at the most Hard time While being tortured by the enemy, he shows courage and bravery. Even before his death, Ivan Kuzmich protested to the impostor. His wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna, was also killed by the villains of the false king. And there were many such simple, folk, heroic people at that time. And they all suffered the same fate.

I took the most from my parents best qualities- modesty, simplicity, nationality. Everyone she met liked her. She was a lovely, sweet girl whom Savelich called “God’s angel.” Her fate was also filled with difficulties. Masha loses her parents and becomes an orphan. She is in captivity, endures bullying, but still does not give up. Petr Grinev rescues Masha from captivity. And they find happiness because they love each other.

The Mironov family consisted of warm-hearted, kind and good people who loved and cherished each other.

The events of the story “The Captain's Daughter” unfold during the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev. We can speak with confidence about the heroes of the story as people who accomplished a feat, despite the fact that the assault and fall Belogorsk fortress did not have decisive historical significance.

We recognize and study the family of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, Captain Mironov, through the perception of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. The family consists of three people: the commandant himself, his wife Vasilisa Egorovna and their daughter Masha. The life of the Mironov family is smooth. They have very strong moral fiber. Vasilisa Egorovna and Ivan Kuzmich are very respectable people. Ivan Mironov became an officer from the children of soldiers. He “was an uneducated and simple man, but the most honest and kind.” Captain Mironov most spent his life on military service, but did not become a martinet. His responsibilities include teaching soldiers the intricacies of combat service. Vasilisa Egorovna is strict and approaches all matters thoroughly. She controls her husband, which is consistent with his carelessness. Captain Mironova is the true mistress of the fortress. Very cunning and curious. For example, Vasilisa Mironova managed to find out a military secret from her husband - the news of the Pugachev rebellion.

Mironova Marya Ivanovna - captain's daughter, “a girl of about eighteen, chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair, combed smoothly behind her ears, which were on fire.” According to the author, Masha is a “prudent and sensitive” girl.

And news creeps into the peace-loving Mironov family about a deadly threat that threatens all the inhabitants of the fortress. Here the characters of all members of the commandant’s family are revealed in a special way. Vasilisa Egorovna shows endless courage and bravery, refusing to leave her husband and take refuge with her daughter in Orenburg. Ivan Kuzmich is a calm and warm-hearted person, he behaves worthy of the title of a Russian officer. Standing at the head of a garrison doomed to failure, he gives the order to shoot back at the rebels from a cannon, tries to rouse the soldiers to attack and strike at the enemy, albeit weakly. Bleeding, Commandant Mironov refuses to take the oath, telling Pugachev: “You are not my sovereign, you are a thief and an impostor, hear you,” and accepts death with dignity. Vasilisa Egorovna also ends up on the gallows, having called Pugachev an escaped convict before his death. Thus, honor and duty for the faithful Mironovs are the highest views in life. A.S. Pushkin depicts his characters with love, warmth and sympathy - real, patriarchal, ancient people.

Masha is a worthy daughter of the Mironov couple. Outwardly timid and weak, Masha shows perseverance and strength of character, refusing Shvabrin’s advances. She is completely and completely devoted to her loved one - Grinev. Masha is afraid of violence against her from Shvabrin, but death itself does not frighten her. In her letter addressed to Pyotr Grinev, the girl writes: “It would be easier for me to die than to become the wife of such a man as Alexey Ivanovich.” And in the future, Masha does not give up and shows resilience and strength of character. Even when Grinev was arrested on suspicion of infidelity to his homeland, Marya Ivanovna reached the empress herself, thereby proving her boundless love and devotion. And Empress Catherine the Great has mercy on Peter Grinev. Masha Grineva is the personification of all the best that is in the character of a Russian woman.

The most important problem in the story “The Captain's Daughter” is the attitude towards duty in all its various manifestations. The Mironov family is characterized by a spirit of holy decency. He allowed Ivan Kuzmich, Vasilisa Egorovna and Masha to remain honest and worthy people despite all the difficulties.

When considering the image of Captain Mironov, researchers, trying to emphasize Pushkin’s artistic success, usually refer to the opinion of Gogol. Highly appreciating The Captain's Daughter, he argued that Pushkin's novel is “definitely the best Russian work in a narrative manner." At the same time, according to Gogol, main merit Pushkin's work consists of creating Russian characters. What did Gogol mean? “For the first time, truly Russian characters appeared - the simple commandant of the fortress, the captain’s wife, the lieutenant; the fortress itself with a single cannon, the confusion of time and simple grandeur ordinary people, everything is not only the very truth, but even, as it were, better than it.”

In fact, “honest and kind”, modest, devoid of ambition and ambition, “careless”, ready to obey his wife (“Vasilisa Yegorovna looked at the affairs of the service as if they were her master’s, and ruled the fortress as accurately as she ruled her house” ), Captain Mironov was a courageous soldier who received the rank of officer for his bravery shown in the Prussian campaign and in battles with the Turks.

Mironov is characterized by a sense of loyalty to duty, word, oath. He is not capable of treason and betrayal - he will accept death, but will not change, but will renounce his service. This is where his Russian nature, truly Russian character, is manifested.

This is Mironov, valued by Gogol. Much of his assessment is fair and correct. And yet, one cannot look at Mironov through the eyes of Gogol, and even Gogol of 1846, when the above judgment was made (from the article “In him, finally, is the essence of Russian poetry and what is its peculiarity”). It was at this time that Gogol considered it necessary to spread and affirm the myth of Pushkin’s reconciliation with Nicholas, about the poet’s reverent attitude towards autocracy.

It is within the framework of these convictions that Gogol’s admiration for Mironov, an exemplary performer of his duty to the Empress, should be perceived. It is characteristic that in 1833 Gogol, having read “The History of Pugachev,” was delighted with the image of Pugachev. In 1846, he did not remember Pugachev, but nominated Mironov to the first place in the novel.

We must look at Captain Mironov through the eyes of Pushkin. The image he created is richer, more complex, and, most importantly, more dramatic than Gogol understood and interpreted it.

Studying the life of the Russian people helped Pushkin understand the complexity and dynamism of such a category as national character, which worried both Russian writers of the 18th century and the Decembrists. The national character of each nation is original and inimitable, just as the historical fate of each nation and the paths of its development are original and inimitable. He is changeable, never ossifies, does not turn into some kind of metaphysical and stable set of qualities and psychological properties given “by nature”, he is constantly developing, depending on the changing social, social and historical circumstances of his father’s life. Living conditions and rise to high moral standards, and they, in other circumstances, turn out to be a force that distorts human nature in general and the “Russian soul” in particular. The Church, with its preaching of humility, political lawlessness and despotism of power imposed on the individual a feeling of humiliation, servility and fear.

Already during the Pugachev uprising, literary interest in the life of the people, their fate and their history intensified. The question of national character acquired political significance. Understanding of its complexity and versatility led to the desire to identify and identify the main thing in this character. At the same time, the understanding of the “main” - “good” and “bad” - in the national character was prompted by both class interests and the needs of the political moment. This is how the idea of ​​two dominants as two poles appeared national character– rebellion and humility, obedience. Naturally, with this approach, in the multifaceted content of the national character, attention was focused only on some of its leading properties.

The public discovery of this general interest in the Russian national character and the definition of its dominants was facilitated by Fonvizin’s speech. In 1783, the writer sent to the government magazine “Interlocutor of Lovers of the Russian Word” “Several questions that can arouse special attention in smart and honest people.” Among the “questions” was this: “What is our national character?” Empress Catherine II herself answered this: “In a keen and quick understanding of everything, in exemplary obedience...”

Writers, and first of all Radishchev, gave the opposite answer: in rebellion, in love of freedom. Pushkin knew perfectly well the thoughts of both Fonvizin and Radishchev, and he even reprinted “Several Questions...” in Sovremennik (in the second issue for 1836). Exemplary obedience is the essence of the Russian character of Ivan Kuzmich Mironov. The commandant of the Belogorsk fortress belongs to the government camp only by virtue of his service - he comes from the people and is connected with them by his views, traditions, and way of thinking. “The husband and wife were the most respectable people. Ivan Kuzmich, who became an officer from the children of soldiers, was an uneducated and simple man, but the most honest and kind.”

Mironov’s exemplary obedience is not a virtue for Pushkin, but the psychological makeup that is imposed on him. Obedience focused on the prejudices of a historically developing national character. Kind by nature, he is casually simple in his cruelty when he gives the order to torture a Bashkir. He is brave and active, but all his actions are not illuminated by consciousness. Pugachev's uprising made him a participant in historical events - he never thought about what was happening; he is driven by exemplary obedience to his superiors, his empress. Obedience opens our captive thought. Reflecting the attack of the rebels, Mironov shows heroism, but the defense of the fortress does not inspire him, but raises him to a new life.

Let's take a closer look at this scene. Mironov is preparing the garrison for a sortie against Pugachev’s troops. “Well, guys,” said the commandant; - Now open the gate, beat the drum. Guys! forward, on a sortie, follow me!

The commandant, Ivan Ignatich and I instantly found ourselves behind the ramparts; but the timid garrison did not move. “Why are you kids standing there? - Ivan Kuzmich shouted. “To die, to die like that: it’s a service!” Mironov's call does not express his convictions. This is an exhortation to perform the service. That is why neither the heroic foray of only three officers, nor the order of the commandant find a response among the soldiers of the garrison. Neither this call nor the personal example of Ivan Kuzmich contains that captivating and exciting force that transforms a person, revealing in him the hidden moral reserves of a rich personality.

Pushkin depicted the last minutes of the commandant’s life differently. Mironov’s behavior under the gallows cannot but arouse admiration - he is firm in his answers and decision to accept death, without betraying his oath and duty. Loyalty and calm courage in the face of death reveal to us the character of the old soldier Mironov from a completely new side.

After death on the first and last time The Russian man, Captain Mironov, appeared before the reader, covered in the poetry of the people’s farewell to their son. And in this farewell, tribute was paid to all the best in the deceased - the bad was not remembered, the people forgave the sins of the deceased. They, the people, had to decide their own future, overcome the drama of their historical fate.

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The image of Captain Mironov in the novel “The Captain's Daughter”

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"Old people, my father." In these words, cited by Pushkin as an epigraph to the third chapter, in which we are introduced to the Mironov family, a brief but expressive description of the old Mironovs is given. “Old people”, the Mironovs came from the people and remained close to them. Ivan Kuzmich became an “officer from among soldiers’ children; he was an uneducated and simple man, but the most honest and kind.”

Vasilisa Egorovna is amazed at Grinev’s wealth, which is not so great (300 souls), and speaks of her daughter as a dowry. “The girl Palashka” is their entire state.

The Mironovs’ closeness to the people is reflected in their way of life, in their attitude towards a duel as “murder”, in their gullibility, good nature and simplicity, in their cordiality and hospitality. It also manifests itself in the peculiarities of their speech. True, Ivan Kuzmich is not eloquent, but the talkative Vasilisa Egorovna speaks in the rich language of the people, inserting into her speech folk proverbs and sayings: “If you endure it, you will fall in love,” “You are not the first, you are not the last,” “There is no master of sin,” etc. And her last words sound like a folk lament.

“You are my light, Ivan Kuzmich, daring little soldier! Neither Prussian bayonets nor Turkish bullets touched you..."

IN morally The Mironovs sharply oppose the aristocratic nobility, which is represented in the story by Shvabrin. A sense of duty and officer's honor lives in the soul of the commandant. Ivan Kuzmich is the first to go against Pugachev and, “exhausted from the wound, having collected last strength, with a firm voice,” refuses to recognize Pugachev as the sovereign, thereby dooming himself to the gallows. Vasilisa Yegorovna flatly refused to go to Orenburg, categorically telling her husband: “There is no point in me parting with you in my old age, looking for a lonely grave on a foreign side. Live together, die together."

But feudal reality with its morals, Pushkin points out, cripples such honest and good people what the old Mironovs are like. Captain Mironov, who came from the people, dies for a system alien to the people; he, a kind, good-natured person, actually becomes an enemy of the people. This is evidenced by the interrogation of the Bashkir by the commandant. Calmly and firmly, Mironov gives the order to prepare the instrument of torture and greets the prisoner with the words: “Yes, you are obviously an old wolf, you have been in our traps.”

This is how Pushkin portrays the tragedy of the life of Captain Mironov, an officer of the tsarist army who came from the people.

The harmful influence of feudal reality to a certain extent affects Vasilisa Yegorovna. She “looked at the affairs of the service as if they were her master’s, and ruled the fortress as accurately as she ruled her house.” By allocating the apartment to Grinev, here too she carries out “trial and reprisal” against the residents. “Take Pyotr Andreich,” she orders the police officer, “to Semyon Kuzov. He, a swindler, let his horse into my garden.” And he orders Ivan Ignatich to sort out the quarrel between Prokhorov and Ustinya and “punish both of them.”

The image of the “captain's daughter” - Masha Mironova - is very fully revealed in the story. This is a simple Russian girl, “about eighteen years old,” with the most ordinary appearance: “chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair, smoothly combed behind the ears.” In the environment in which she grew up and was brought up, she had nowhere to receive either education or mental development. Her speech is an indicator of low culture: “I just froze,” “Yes, so... he is such a mocker... he is very disgusting to me,” “It would bother me with fear.”

She is modest, she has strong moral principles: despite her love for Grinev, she refuses to marry him without the consent of his parents. “Without their blessing you will not be happy,” she tells Grinev. In her relationships with people there is not a shadow of selfishness or calculation. She loves Grinev deeply and unselfishly.

Timid and modest in ordinary life, she shows perseverance, determination and courage in the fight against Shvabrin’s attacks and in saving Grinev.

For the chapters in which the image of Masha Mironova is most fully revealed (V, XII), Pushkin takes quotes from folk songs, emphasizing the high spiritual qualities Masha and her closeness to the people.

Updated: 2011-05-09

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