The designation of the composition of the fabric on clothing labels. The system of designations on the labels of clothes for washing. General advantages of natural fabrics

Clothing hygiene - important condition maintaining human health and well-being.

The purity of this artificial protective shell has always been ensured by washing in water: the process is laborious and costly.

However, until recently, only he could prolong the age of things by preserving them. appearance.

Time has turned the usual business of cleaning textiles from dirt in a high-tech process with the advent of:

People have finally learned to achieve what they want results in 8-15 minutes without a large number water in special machines:

• with the help of steam;
• using a special solvent.

So that the consumer can accurately choose the methods of proper care for clothing and thereby not harm the quality and presentation of the item, v international organization on standardization (ISO) came up with:

• company labels (labels), with a compilation and a description of the features of care;
• combined labels;
• sewn-in tags with symbols.

The order of the characters on them strictly defined: washing, bleaching, drying, ironing, professional care.

In this form, each housewife receives instructions for handling a particular product, regardless of the country of origin.

Interesting: In Indian Mumbai, for 150 years, washing clothes has been an exclusively male profession. “Dhobi” (washerwomen), like bees, work in concrete baths under open sky on an area of ​​10 hectares. Water is boiled in the old-fashioned way, ironed with heavy irons on coals. The quality of work is highly appreciated even by respectable clients.

Marking with a pictogram - a readable pattern on the tags

Pictogram drawing, of course, primitive, but recognizable: how to make a mistake if a basin with a wavy surface of water is depicted? All pictographic signs characterizing the ways of influencing a textile product are divided into several groups:

• basic(washing, drying, ironing, bleaching, professional cleaning);
• additional(careful mode of operation, especially sparing mode of operation, prohibition of operation).

Exactly the same with contour drawing iron - nothing else but ironing is impossible to assume. What remains is a square, a triangle and a circle. Having laid out the thing for drying on the table, you will understand the meaning of the square.

The expression "crystal white" suggests the meaning of the triangle like the facets of a crystal. Well, when the clothes have to go through a processing cycle (circle), a sign of professional cleaning (dry or wet) appears.

The designation of additional signs on clothing labels is just as logical:

• one horizontal line in the basic circuit - "be careful!";
• two horizontals in the basic circuit - "especially delicate mode!";
• oblique cross- the generally accepted sign of the prohibition.

On the pictogram you can also find numbers from 30 to 95. For those who have used the washing machine, it is immediately clear - the proposed water temperature. Well, if the silhouette of a hand is included in the drawing, washing will only be done by hand.

For the pictogram meaning drying, internal lines will mean the location of the thing in the straightened state (vertical, horizontal). Double the number of lines - drying without spinning. An oblique line highlights the upper left corner - you need to dry in the shade, avoiding direct sunlight.

A circle inscribed in a square means ordinary tumble drying (2 dots inside) or delicate (only one dot inside the circle).

For ironing in the marking, you can even set the temperature regime:

• one dot in the base sign - t◦ soles 110◦С;
• two points - t◦ soles 150◦С;
• three dots - t◦ soles 200◦С.

For bleaching, in addition to the base sign, oblique lines are used.(oxygen bleach) or the chemical symbol for chlorine is CL.

All the nuances of the symbol of professional cleaning important for professionals to know. For an average user, just by the presence of a circle, it is enough to understand that you can’t do without professionals here: take your clothes to the dry cleaners.

Important: Conventional signs on clothing for its care (for washing and other actions) should be depicted large, clearly, without embroideries, parts of the image in the seam.

It is not worth it to hastily part with the label suspended from the product: in its folded "booklet" there may also be helpful information about the composition of the fabric and methods of caring for it.

Deciphering symbols on labels

Your attention is a clear table with all the symbols for the care of things - for washing, ironing, drying and cleaning on clothing labels, and their decoding:

Natural materials - a priceless gift, but not flawless

Raw materials for natural fabrics, no matter how they are produced, are fibers of plant or animal origin:

• cotton(fibers of seed boxes);
• linen(stem fibers);
• silk(silkworm cocoon thread);
• wool(sheep, goat, camel).

By varying the thickness, density and weave of threads, one obtains different types fabrics:

• cotton- Kulirny smooth surface, interlock (more dense), fumes, cambric, terry, etc.
• linen- bortovku, fine linen, linen;
• silk- satin, chiffon, moire, crepe de chine, foulard;
• wool- jersey, boucle, cashmere, gabardine, cloth, drape.

General advantages of natural fabrics:

• hygroscopic;
• pass air well;
• excellent heat insulators;
• are not electrified;
• prestigious for the cost of the product.

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Not without drawbacks either:

• crumple and "sit down";
• lose their shape when worn;
• easily lose their original color (molt);
• dry for a long time;
• form "pellets" of surface fibers.

Interesting: In the Middle Ages, Europeans, for whom cotton was imported from India, thought that it was the wool of some exotic animal. V Northern Europe this misconception persisted into the 19th century.

The nuances of natural textiles

If we consider washing as the main method of care, then for each type of fabric there are rules:

Important: Clothes from natural fibers is expensive and requires difficult care, but is able to keep its unique ecological qualities for a long time.

Blended and artificial fabrics

If the thread has exclusively chemical composition, then the fabric from it turns out to be artificial. These tissues include , acetate, capron, lycra, lavsan,. Their merit:

But artificial fabrics:

• poorly absorb moisture;
• do not let air through;
• accumulate a static charge;
• provoke allergies.

How to wash clothes made of synthetic fabrics. Algorithm:

• frequent (daily) machine wash is required (if heavily soiled - with soaking);
• detergent - special;
• temperature regime - (t◦40-50◦C) for lavsan - maximum 60◦C;
• when hand washing for 30 minutes, the item is soaked;
• dirty places are rubbed with a sponge;
• when rinsing, use an air conditioner with antistatic properties;
• dry in the shade;
• ironing, as a rule, products from these fabrics do not need.

Important: For polyester clothes, you still cannot do without an iron, which eliminates the wrinkles that form during washing. T◦ soleplate in this case - 200◦С.

The function of protection and convenience of industrial clothing, the characteristics of working conditions dictate the choice of material and fabric from which the overalls will be sewn. More often than others, blended fabrics based on cotton are used for it, and various heaters (synthetic winterizer,) are used to give it heat-insulating properties.

Created new artificial fabrics with excellent technological properties based on polyamide and polyester: taffeta, oxford. Found application in this area soft and durable nylon and PVC applied on a cotton basis - vinyl artificial leather. But still does not lose its importance in the production of overalls and natural textiles: moleskin calico, tent fabric, cloth.

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Overalls for car service in last years became especially popular. How to properly care for these work clothes, we will tell in this.

For work clothes, both washing and cleaning are used.. It all depends on the type of production and the number of employees:

• for small businesses (up to 20 employees) with the daily washing regime, a replaceable copy of clothing is introduced; with the regime washing - once a week, laundry can be done by the employees themselves at home;
• for enterprises with high-tech laundry equipment, laundry can be done by employees themselves at the end of the working day;
• large teams rent workwear for washing in special laundries on the basis of a service agreement. In this case, special impregnation of overalls can be carried out, their test processing for stability, marking, replacement of accessories, stitching of parted seams, patching, filing products along the length.

Overalls that are not subject to getting wet are usually sent for dry cleaning. After all, it is necessary to remove not only dirt, but also chemical reagents, traces of oily liquids, and they do this with the help of special reagents and solvents.

In conclusion of our article, we invite you to watch an informative video review on the meaning of symbols for washing on clothing labels and proper care for things:

Fabric composition denoted by Latin characters. Below are the main conventions and their decryption:

Table of fabric compositions

Care of natural fabrics Cotton can be washed at any temperature in the washing machine and by hand with universal detergents. Shrinkage of products after washing by 3-5% is possible.
Silk requires delicate handling. We recommend hand washing with special detergents for washing wool and silk at temperatures up to 30°C. Does not tolerate high temperatures. Wash colored items separately. Don't soak.
Wool- We recommend hand washing or washing in a machine if it has a program for washing wool, at a temperature not exceeding 30 ° C. Use special means for washing wool. Do not squeeze hard after washing. Dry items by laying them gently on a towel.

Caring for artificial fabrics Rayon, viscose, modal It is recommended to wash at low temperature. Hand wash is preferred. Shrinkage 4-7% when washed. Use mild detergents.

Caring for synthetic fabrics Tactel, lycra, dacron, polyesters, polyamides, elastane- We recommend machine wash at 40°C. Does not tolerate hot iron (may melt!)

General principles to follow when caring for fabrics
- Do not use bleach unless specifically stated on the product label.
- Use mild detergents (liquid or powder).
- Incorrect dosage of detergent can damage the laundry.
- Dosage recommendations are indicated on the detergent packaging.
- When washing in the machine, put the underwear in special bags.
- Do not soak printed or colored fabrics.
- Do not tumble dry.
- Before washing, pay attention to the care instructions indicated on the product.
- Sort laundry by type of wash. Wash new colored items separately the first time you wash them. Wash bright and dark colors separately.
- If the care symbols indicate a delicate wash, it is advisable to halve the amount of laundry. This will prevent it from twisting too much.
- Products from synthetic fibers and their mixtures, wash separately from cotton and linen.
- Dark materials have an excess of dyes. This excess must be removed by hand washing.

Icons found on labels with recommendations for temperature conditions washing and ironing
Washing:
Drying and spinning:
Whitening and dry cleaning:
Ironing:

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