The heroes of the work are fathers and children. "Fathers and Sons": heroes of the immortal work of Turgenev Fathers and children of Turgenev characterization of heroes

The most important feature of the amazing talent of I.S. Turgenev - a keen sense of his time, which is the best test for the artist. The images created by him continue to live, but in a different world, whose name is the grateful memory of the descendants who learned love, dreams and wisdom from the writer.

The clash of two political forces, liberal nobles and raznochintsy revolutionaries, has found artistic embodiment in a new work, which is being created in a difficult period of social confrontation.

The idea of ​​"Fathers and Sons" is the result of communication with the staff of the Sovremennik magazine, where the writer worked for a long time. The writer was very worried about leaving the magazine, because the memory of Belinsky was associated with him. Dobrolyubov's articles, with whom Ivan Sergeevich constantly argued and sometimes disagreed, served as a real basis for depicting ideological differences. The radical young man was not on the side of gradual reforms, like the author of Fathers and Sons, but firmly believed in the path of revolutionary transformation of Russia. The editor of the magazine, Nikolai Nekrasov, supported this point of view, so the classics of fiction - Tolstoy and Turgenev - left the editorial office.

The first sketches for the future novel were made at the end of July 1860 on the English Isle of Wight. The image of Bazarov was defined by the author as the character of a self-confident, hard-working, nihilist person who does not recognize compromises and authorities. Working on the novel, Turgenev involuntarily imbued with sympathy for his character. In this he is helped by the diary of the protagonist, which is kept by the writer himself.

In May 1861, the writer returns from Paris to his Spasskoe estate and makes the last entry in the manuscripts. In February 1862, the novel was published in Russkiy Vestnik.

Main problems

After reading the novel, you understand its true value, created by the "genius of measure" (D. Merezhkovsky). What did Turgenev like? What did you doubt? What did you dream about?

1. Central to the book is the moral problem of relationships between generations. "Fathers" or "children"? The fate of everyone is connected with the search for an answer to the question: what is the meaning of life? For the new people, it consists in work, but the old guard sees it in reasoning and contemplation, because crowds of peasants work for them. In this principled position there is a place for an irreconcilable conflict: fathers and children live differently. In this divergence we see the problem of misunderstanding of opposites. The antagonists cannot and do not want to accept each other, especially this impasse can be traced in the relationship between Pavel Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov.
2. Just as acute is the problem of moral choice: on whose side is the truth? Turgenev believed that the past cannot be denied, because only thanks to it the future is being built. In the image of Bazarov, he expressed the need to preserve the continuity of generations. The hero is unhappy because he is lonely and understood, because he himself did not strive for anyone and did not want to understand. However, changes, whether the people of the past like it or not, will come anyway, and we must be ready for them. This is evidenced by the ironic image of Pavel Kirsanov, who lost his sense of reality, putting on ceremonial tailcoats in the village. The writer urges to be sensitive to changes and try to understand them, and not indiscriminately scold, like Uncle Arkady. Thus, the solution to the problem lies in the tolerant attitude of different people to each other and the attempt to learn the opposite concept of life. In this sense, the position of Nikolai Kirsanov won, who was tolerant of new trends and was never in a hurry to judge them. His son also found a compromise solution.
3. However, the author made it clear that there is a high purpose behind the tragedy of Bazarov. It is these desperate and self-confident pioneers who are paving the way for the world forward, so the problem of recognizing this mission in society also occupies an important place. Eugene repents on his deathbed that he feels unnecessary, this realization destroys him, and he could become a great scientist or a skilled doctor. But the cruel mores of the conservative world push him out, because they feel threatened in him.
4. The problems of the "new" people, the raznochintsy intelligentsia, difficult relationships in society, with parents, in the family are also obvious. Raznochintsy do not have profitable estates and position in society, therefore they are forced to work and become hardened, seeing social injustice: they work hard for a piece of bread, and the nobles, stupid and mediocre, do nothing and occupy all the upper floors of the social hierarchy, where the elevator simply does not reach . Hence the revolutionary sentiments and the moral crisis of an entire generation.
5. Problems of eternal human values: love, friendship, art, attitude to nature. Turgenev knew how to reveal the depths of human nature in love, to test the true essence of a person with love. But not everyone passes this test, an example of this is Bazarov, who breaks down under the onslaught of feelings.

All the interests and ideas of the writer were entirely focused on the most important tasks of the time, went towards the most burning problems of everyday life.

Characteristics of the heroes of the novel

Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov- comes from the people. The son of a regimental doctor. Grandfather from the father's side "plowed the land." Eugene himself makes his way in life, receives a good education. Therefore, the hero is careless in clothes and manners, no one brought him up. Bazarov is a representative of the new revolutionary-democratic generation, whose task is to destroy the old way of life, to fight against those who hinder social development. A complex, doubting person, but proud and adamant. How to fix society, Yevgeny Vasilyevich is very vague. Denies the old world, accepts only what is confirmed by practice.

• The writer displayed in Bazarov the type of a young man who believes exclusively in scientific activity and denies religion. The hero has a deep interest in the natural sciences. From childhood, his parents instilled in him a love of work.
• He condemns the people for illiteracy and ignorance, but is proud of his origin. The views and beliefs of Bazarov do not find like-minded people. Sitnikov, a talker and a phrase-monger, and the "emancipated" Kukshina are useless "followers".
• In Yevgeny Vasilyevich, a soul unknown to him rushes about. What should a physiologist and an anatomist do with it? It is not visible under a microscope. But the soul hurts, although it - a scientific fact - does not exist!
• Turgenev spends most of the novel exploring the "temptations" of his hero. He torments him with the love of old people - parents - what to do with them? And love for Odintsova? Principles are in no way compatible with life, with the living movements of people. What remains for Bazarov? Only die. Death is his last test. He accepts her heroically, does not comfort himself with the spells of a materialist, but calls for his beloved.
• The spirit conquers the enraged mind, overcomes the delusions of the schemes and postulates of the new teaching.

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov - bearer of noble culture. Bazarov is disgusted by Pavel Petrovich's "starched collars", "long nails". But the hero's aristocratic manners are an inner weakness, a secret consciousness of his inferiority.

• Kirsanov believes that self-respect means taking care of your appearance and never losing your dignity, even in the countryside. He composes his daily routine in the English manner.
• Pavel Petrovich retired, indulging in love experiences. This decision of his became a "resignation" from life. Love does not bring joy to a person if he lives only by its interests and whims.
• The hero is guided by principles taken "on faith" that correspond to his position as a feudal lord. Honors the Russian people for patriarchy and obedience.
• In relation to a woman, the strength and passion of feelings are manifested, but he does not understand them.
• Pavel Petrovich is indifferent to nature. The denial of her beauty speaks of his spiritual limitations.
• This man is deeply unhappy.

Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov- father of Arkady and brother of Pavel Petrovich. It was not possible to make a military career, but he did not despair and entered the university. After the death of his wife, he devoted himself to his son and the improvement of the estate.

• The characteristic features of the character are gentleness, humility. The intelligence of the hero causes sympathy and respect. Nikolai Petrovich is a romantic at heart, loves music, recites poetry.
• He is an opponent of nihilism, he tries to smooth out any emerging differences. Live in harmony with your heart and conscience.

Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov- a person who is not independent, deprived of his life principles. He is completely subordinate to his friend. He joined Bazarov only out of youthful enthusiasm, since he did not have his own views, so in the final there was a gap between them.

• Subsequently, he became a zealous owner and started a family.
• “A nice fellow,” but “a soft, liberal barich,” Bazarov says about him.
• All Kirsanovs are "more children of events than fathers of their own actions."

Odintsova Anna Sergeevna- an "element" "related" to Bazarov's personality. On what basis can such a conclusion be drawn? The firmness of the outlook on life, "proud loneliness, intelligence - make it" close "to the protagonist of the novel. She, like Eugene, sacrificed personal happiness, so her heart is cold and fearful of feelings. She herself trampled on them, having married by calculation.

The conflict of "fathers" and "children"

Conflict - “collision”, “serious disagreement”, “dispute”. To say that these concepts have only a "negative connotation" means to completely misunderstand the processes of development of society. “Truth is born in a dispute” - this axiom can be considered a “key” that opens the veil on the problems posed by Turgenev in the novel.

Disputes are the main compositional technique that allows the reader to determine his point of view and take a certain position in his views on a particular social phenomenon, area of ​​development, nature, art, moral concepts. Using the "reception of disputes" between "youth" and "old age", the author affirms the idea that life does not stand still, it is multifaceted and many-sided.

The conflict between "fathers" and "children" will never be resolved, it can be described as a "constant". However, it is the conflict of generations that is the engine of development of everything earthly. On the pages of the novel, there is a burning controversy caused by the struggle of the revolutionary democratic forces with the liberal nobility.

Main Topics

Turgenev managed to saturate the novel with progressive thought: protest against violence, hatred for legalized slavery, pain for the suffering of the people, the desire to found their happiness.

The main themes in the novel "Fathers and Sons":

1. Ideological contradictions of the intelligentsia during the preparation of the reform on the abolition of serfdom;
2. "Fathers" and "children": relationships between generations and the theme of the family;
3. "New" type of man at the turn of two epochs;
4. Immeasurable love for the motherland, parents, woman;
5. Human and nature. The world around: workshop or temple?

What is the meaning of the book?

Turgenev's work sounds like an alarming tocsin over all of Russia, calling on fellow citizens to unite, to reason, to fruitful activity for the good of the Motherland.

The book explains to us not only the past, but also the present day, reminds us of eternal values. The title of the novel does not mean the older and younger generations, not family relationships, but people of new and old views. "Fathers and Sons" is valuable not so much as an illustration to history, many moral problems are raised in the work.

The basis of the existence of the human race is the family, where everyone has their own duties: the elders (“fathers”) take care of the younger ones (“children”), pass on the experience and traditions accumulated by their ancestors, educate them in moral feelings; the younger ones honor adults, adopt from them everything important and best that is necessary for the formation of a person of a new formation. However, their task is also the creation of fundamental innovations, which is impossible without some denial of past delusions. The harmony of the world order lies in the fact that these “ties” do not break, but not in the fact that everything remains the same.

The book has great educational value. To read it at the time of the formation of one's character means to think about important life problems. "Fathers and Sons" teaches a serious attitude to the world, an active position, patriotism. They teach from a young age to develop firm principles, engaging in self-education, but at the same time honor the memory of their ancestors, even if it does not always turn out to be right.

Criticism about the novel

• After the publication of Fathers and Sons, a fierce controversy erupted. M.A. Antonovich in the Sovremennik magazine interpreted the novel as "merciless" and "destructive criticism of the younger generation."
• D. Pisarev in the "Russian Word" highly appreciated the work and the image of the nihilist created by the master. The critic emphasized the tragedy of character and noted the firmness of a person who does not back down before trials. He agrees with other critiques that "new" people can be resented, but "sincerity" cannot be denied. The appearance of Bazarov in Russian literature is a new step in the coverage of the social and public life of the country.

Is it possible to agree with the critic on everything? Probably no. He calls Pavel Petrovich "Pechorin of small sizes." But the dispute between the two characters gives reason to doubt this. Pisarev claims that Turgenev does not sympathize with any of his heroes. The writer considers Bazarov to be his "favorite brainchild."

What is "nihilism"?

For the first time, the word "nihilist" sounds in the novel from the lips of Arkady and immediately attracts attention. However, the concept of "nihilist" is in no way connected with Kirsanov Jr.

The word "nihilist" was taken by Turgenev from N. Dobrolyubov's review of a book by the Kazan philosopher, conservative-minded professor V. Bervi. However, Dobrolyubov interpreted it in a positive sense and assigned it to the younger generation. Ivan Sergeevich introduced the word into wide use, which became synonymous with the word "revolutionary".

The "nihilist" in the novel is Bazarov, who does not recognize authorities and denies everything. The writer did not accept the extremes of nihilism, caricaturing Kukshina and Sitnikov, but sympathized with the main character.

Evgeny Vasilievich Bazarov still teaches us with his destiny. Any person has a unique spiritual image, whether he is a nihilist or a simple layman. Respect and reverence for another person is made up of respect for the fact that in him there is the same secret flicker of a living soul as in you.

The novel became a landmark for its time, and the image of the protagonist Yevgeny Bazarov was perceived by young people as an example to follow. Such ideals as uncompromisingness, lack of reverence for authorities and old truths, the priority of the useful over the beautiful, were perceived by the people of that time and were reflected in Bazarov's worldview.

Encyclopedic YouTube

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  Actions in the novel take place in the summer of 1859, that is, on the eve of the peasant reform of 1861.

  Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov arrive in Maryino and stay with the Kirsanovs (father Nikolai Petrovich and uncle Pavel Petrovich) for some time. Tensions with the older Kirsanovs force Bazarov to leave Maryino and go to the provincial town ***. Arkady goes with him. Bazarov and Arkady spend time in the company of local "progressive" youth - Kukshina and Sitnikov. Then, at the governor's ball, they meet Odintsova. Bazarov and Arkady go to Nikolskoye, Odintsova's estate, and Mrs. Kukshina, wounded by them, remains in the city. Bazarov and Arkady, carried away by Odintsova, spend some time in Nikolskoye. After an unsuccessful declaration of love, Bazarov, who frightened Odintsova, is forced to leave. He goes to his parents (Vasily and Arina Bazarov), Arkady goes with him. Bazarov, along with Arkady, is visiting his parents. Tired of the manifestations of parental love, Bazarov leaves his father and mother discouraged, and, together with Arkady, goes back to Maryino. On the way, they accidentally stop at Nikolskoye, but, having met with a cold reception, they return to Maryino. Bazarov lives for some time in Maryino. A surge of passion spills over into a kiss with Fenechka, the mother of the illegitimate son of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov, and because of her he shoots himself in a duel with Pavel Petrovich. Arkady, returning to Maryino, leaves alone for Nikolskoye and stays with Odintsova, becoming more and more carried away by her sister Katya. Having finally ruined relations with the older Kirsanovs, Bazarov also goes to Nikolskoye. Bazarov apologizes to Odintsova for his feelings. Odintsova accepts an apology, and Bazarov spends several days in Nikolskoye. Arkady declares his love to Katya. After saying goodbye to Arkady forever, Bazarov returns to his parents again. Living with his parents, Bazarov helps his father treat the sick and dies from blood poisoning, accidentally cutting himself during the autopsy of a person who died of typhus. Before his death, he sees Odintsova for the last time, who comes to him at his request. Arkady Kirsanov marries Katya, and Nikolai Petrovich marries Fenechka. Pavel Petrovich goes abroad forever.

  main characters

  • Evgeniy Vasilyevich Bazarov- nihilist, student, studying to be a doctor. In nihilism, he is Arkady's mentor, protesting against the liberal ideas of the Kirsanov brothers and the conservative views of his parents. Revolutionary democrat, raznochinets. By the end of the novel, he falls in love with Odintsova, changing his nihilistic views on love. Love turned out to be a test for Bazarov, he understands that an obvious romantic lives in him - he even declares his love to Odintsova. At the end of the book, he works as a village doctor. Opening a man who died of typhus, he himself becomes infected through inattention. After death, a religious ceremony is performed on him.
  • Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov- landowner, liberal, father of Arkady, widower. Loves music and poetry. Interested in progressive ideas, including in agriculture. At the beginning of the novel, he is ashamed of his love for Fenechka, a woman from the common people, but then marries her.
  • Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov- the elder brother of Nikolai Petrovich, a retired officer, an aristocrat, proud, self-confident, an ardent supporter of liberalism. Often argues with Bazarov about love, nature, aristocracy, art, science. Lonely. In his youth, he experienced a tragic love. He sees in Fenechka Princess R., with whom he was in love. He hates Bazarov and challenges him to a duel, in which he receives a slight wound in the thigh.
  • Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov- the son of the first wife of Nikolai Petrovich - Maria. A recent candidate of sciences from St. Petersburg University and a friend of Bazarov. Becomes a nihilist under the influence of Bazarov, but then abandons these ideas.
  • Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov- Bazarov's father, a retired army surgeon. Not rich. Manages his wife's estate. Moderately educated and enlightened, he feels that rural life has left him isolated from modern ideas. He adheres to generally conservative views, is religious, loves his son immensely.
  • Arina Vlasevna- Bazarov's mother. It is she who owns the village of the Bazarovs and 15 souls of serfs peasants. A devout follower of Orthodoxy. Very superstitious. Suspicious and sentimental-sensitive. She loves her son, deeply concerned about his renunciation of the faith.
  • Anna Sergeevna Odintsova is a wealthy widow who hosts nihilist friends on her estate. He sympathizes with Bazarov, but after his confession does not reciprocate. He considers a calm life without worries the most important thing, including more important than love.
  • Katerina (Ekaterina Sergeevna Lokteva) - the sister of Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, a quiet girl, invisible in the shadow of her sister, plays the clavichord. Arkady spends a lot of time with her, languishing in love with Anna. But later he realizes his love for Katya. At the end of the novel, Catherine marries Arkady.

  Other heroes

  • Viktor Sitnikov- an acquaintance of Bazarov and Arkady, an adherent of nihilism. Belongs to that category of "progressives" who reject any authority, chasing the fashion for "free thinking". He really doesn’t know anything and doesn’t know how, but in his “nihilism” he leaves both Arkady and Bazarov far behind him. Bazarov openly despises Sitnikova.
  • Evdoxia Kukshina- An acquaintance of Sitnikov, who, like him, is a pseudo-adherent of nihilism.
  • bauble(Fedosya Nikolaevna) - the daughter of the housekeeper Nikolai Petrovich - Arina Savishna. After the death of her mother, she became the mistress of the master and the mother of his child. It becomes a reason for a duel between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, since Bazarov, finding Fenechka alone, kisses her tightly, and Pavel Petrovich becomes an accidental witness to the kiss, who is outraged to the core by the act of "this hairy one", he is especially indignant also because and he himself is not completely indifferent to his brother's beloved. In the end, Fenechka became the wife of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov.
  • Dunyasha- servant at Fenechka.
  • Peter- Servant of the Kirsanovs.
  • Princess R. (Nellie)- beloved Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.
  • Matvey Ilyich Kolyazin- an official in the City ***.
  • Sergey Nikolaevich Loktev- father of Anna Sergeevna Odintsova and Katerina. A well-known swindler and gambler, after 15 years of living in Moscow and St. Petersburg, “lost to ashes” and was forced to settle in the countryside.
  • Princess Avdotya Stepanovna- Anna Sergeevna Odintsova's aunt, an evil and swaggering old woman. After the death of her father, Anna Sergeevna settled her with her. At the end of the novel, she dies, "forgotten on the very day of her death."
  • Timofeich- the clerk of Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov, the former uncle of Evgeny Bazarov. A shabby and agile old man with faded yellow hair.

  Film adaptations of the novel

  • 1915 - Fathers and children (dir.

  In 1862, Turgenev wrote the novel Fathers and Sons. During this period, a final break is outlined between the two social camps: the liberal and the revolutionary-democratic. In his work, Turgenev showed a man of a new era. This is a democrat-raznochinets Bazarov. Throughout almost the entire novel, Bazarov is accompanied by his friend Arkady. By origin, and by social status, they belong to different social classes. According to his convictions, Bazarov is "a democrat to the end of his nails." Friends study together at the university, and they are connected by several years of friendship.

  At first, Arkady falls under the influence of Bazarov, he wants to be like Yevgeny, and at the same time he sincerely shares the views of an older and more authoritative comrade. Arkady is forced to join the nihilists by "young courage and youthful enthusiasm." But he is not guided by the ideas of Bazarov in life. They do not become an organic part of him, so he will so easily refuse them later. In the future, Bazarov says to Arkady: "Our dust will eat your eyes out, our dirt will stain you." That is, Arkady is not ready for the "tart, bitter bean life" of a revolutionary.

  Bazarov, giving an assessment of the life of a revolutionary, is both right and wrong. Breaking the established foundations, traditions, views always provokes the fierce resistance of the old world, and the advanced fighters have a hard time. The revolutionary-democratic ideal of happiness is revolutionary activity for the benefit of the people, despite personal hardships.

  Arkady, of course, is not ready for this, since he is, in the words of Yevgeny, "a soft liberal barich." In the "young fervor" the liberals do not go beyond a noble effervescence, and for Bazarov this is "trifles." The liberals do not "fight", but "think they are good fellows; the revolutionaries want to fight." Giving an assessment of Arkady, Bazarov identifies him with the entire liberal camp. Spoiled by life in a noble estate, Arkady "involuntarily admires himself", he is pleased to "scold himself." Bazarov is bored, he "needs to break others." Arkady only wanted to seem like a revolutionary, there was a lot of youthful posturing in him, but in his heart he always remained a "liberal nobleman."

  But Arkady still does not understand this. For the time being, he considers himself a "fighter" and appreciates Bazarov for his willpower, energy, and ability to work. At the Kirsanovs' estate, Bazarov is initially welcomed cordially. Arkady asks his relatives to take care of Bazarov. But the revolutionary democratism of Bazarov absolutely does not fit with the liberal aristocracy of the Kirsanovs' house. He does not fit into their life of idleness. And here, on a visit, Bazarov continues to work. The way of life of friends on the estate is expressed by the author's phrase: "Arkady was a sybarite, Bazarov worked." Bazarov conducts experiments, reads special books, collects collections, treats village peasants. According to Bazarov, labor is a necessary condition for life. Arkady is never shown at work. Here, in the estate, Bazarov's attitude to both nature and the people is also revealed.

  Bazarov considers nature not a temple, but a workshop, and the person in it is a worker. For Arkady, as well as for the rest of the Kirsanovs, nature is an object of admiration, contemplation. For Bazarov, this attitude means nobility. He objects to the prayerful contemplation of nature, meaningless from his point of view, enjoying its beauty. It requires an active relationship to nature, to the world around us. He himself. treats nature like a caring owner. Nature pleases him when he sees the fruits of active intervention in it. And here, too, the points of view of Arkady and Bazarov diverge, although Arkady has not yet spoken about this.

  The attitude of Bazarov and Arkady is different both to love and to a woman. Bazarov is skeptical about love. He says that only a fool can feel free with a woman. But acquaintance with Odintsova changes his views on love. She impresses Bazarov with her beauty, charm, ability to behave with dignity and tact. A feeling for her arises when spiritual communication begins between them.

  Odintsova is smart, able to understand Bazarov's originality. Eugene, despite outward cynicism, discovers in love both an aesthetic feeling, and high spiritual demands, and respect for the woman he loves. But Odintsova is essentially an epicurean lady. Peace is above all for her. Therefore, she extinguishes in herself the emerging feeling for Bazarov. And in this situation, Bazarov behaves with dignity, does not become limp and continues to work.

  Arkady's acquaintance with Katya, Odintsova's younger sister, reveals that his ideal is "closer", that is, he is in the family, on the estate. Arkady realized that he was "no longer that arrogant boy", that he still "asked himself tasks that were beyond his power", that is, Arkady admits that the life of a revolutionary is not for him. Yes, and Katya herself says that Bazarov is "predatory", and Arkady is "tame".

  Bazarov is close to serfs. For them, he is "his brother, not a gentleman." This is confirmed by Bazarov's speech, in which there are many folk proverbs and sayings, and his simplicity in communicating with ordinary people. Although the peasants on his father's estate treat Bazarov like a gentleman, in all other episodes of the novel for the people he is more "their own" than any of the Kirsanovs. Arkady to a greater extent remains for people a gentleman, a master. True, it also happens that some unfamiliar peasant mistook Bazarov for an eccentric when he wanted to "talk to the people." But this happened infrequently.

  In addition, Bazarov is demanding, one might even say, too demanding of himself. He tells Arkady that "each person must educate himself." His commitment to nihilism leads to the fact that he begins to be ashamed of natural human feelings. He seeks to suppress their manifestations in himself. Hence some dryness of Bazarov, even in relation to the closest people. But to the question of Arkady, does Bazarov love his parents, he answers simply and sincerely: "I love you, Arkady!",

  However, it should be noted that Bazarov's parents hopelessly "lagged behind" their son. They cannot go not only on a par, but also after him. True, this "backwardness" of the old Bazarovs does not deserve Enyushka's not entirely respectful, and sometimes - and simply indifferent - attitude towards them. Can old people be required to think and act like young people? Isn't it thanks to the efforts of his parents that Bazarov gets an education? In this case, Bazarov's maximalism looks very unattractive, Arkady loves his loved ones, but seems to be embarrassed by this love. Bazarov gives a well-aimed, exhaustive, but at the same time rather evil characterization of Arkady's father and uncle, to which Arkady objects, but somehow sluggishly. By this, he seems to support the point of view of Bazarov, who believes that a nihilist should not express his feelings. Arkady flared up only when Bazarov called his uncle an "idiot" behind his back. Perhaps it was at this moment that the first serious crack appeared in the relationship of friends.

  It should be noted that Bazarov's nihilism, unfortunately, leads to the denial of old and new art. For him, "Raphael is not worth a penny, and they (that is, new artists) are no better than him." He declares that "it's stupid to play the cello at forty-four," and to read Pushkin in general "is no good at all." Art Bazarov considers a form of profit. For him, "a decent chemist is more useful than any poet," and art is not capable of changing anything in life. This is the extreme of Bazar's nihilism. Bazarov emphasizes the importance of scientists for Russia, since in science Russia at that time lagged behind the West. But Arkady really loves poetry, and he would read Pushkin if Bazarov was not around.

  Arkady and Bazarov seem to oppose each other; At first, this confrontation is completely imperceptible, but gradually, in the course of the development of the action, it intensifies and comes to an open conflict and a break in friendly relations. This is one of the aspects of the conflict nature of the novel, expressed by the method of contrast. Note that in this case it is no longer "fathers" and "children" that are in conflict, but, so to speak, "children" with "children". Thus, the break between Bazarov and Arkady is inevitable.

  Arkady is not ready for the "tart, bitter bean life" of a revolutionary. Bazarov and Arkady say goodbye forever. Eugene parted with Arkady without saying a single friendly word to him, and to express them for Bazarov is "romanticism",

  Arkady finds the ideal of life in the family. Bazarov dies, remaining true to his views. It is before death that the strength of his convictions is tested. Arkady did not instill nihilistic convictions. He understands that the life of a revolutionary democrat is not for him. Bazarov dies a nihilist, and Arkady remains a "liberal nobleman." And at the end of the novel, Arkady refuses to commemorate his former friend at the common table.

  The plot of the novel "Fathers and Sons" by Turgenev is built around a dispute between the old way of life and new views. The first represent two heroes of the work: the landowners brothers Nikolai and Pavel Kirsanov.

  Pavel senior. He is a bachelor, a retired officer. His character is heavy - he is used to the fact that everyone agrees with him. His younger brother Nikolai prefers peace in the shadow of his brother.

  Pavel's opponent - Yevgeny Bazarov - is a friend of his nephew Arkady. Bazarov from a poor family, he despises the old order, but just like Pavel Kirsanov, he strives to become an indisputable authority. Arkady Kirsanov can be called a minor character.

  Table characteristics of the characters "Fathers and Sons"?

  There are not very many main characters in the work "Fathers and Sons".

  First, this is Evgeny Bazarov. A very confident young man. Practically revolutionary. I wanted serfdom to be abolished, the wealthy began to work. He considered Russian people dark, and not particularly intellectually developed. Nihilist.

  Secondly, Arkady Kirsanov. He is a friend of Eugene, he is only 23 years old, but he is very led by his friend, gentle, at the same time he loves life, his wife and relatives.

  Thirdly, N. P. Kirsanov is the father of Arkady. Refers to the older generation. He did not serve because his leg was broken, he is engaged in his landowner's affairs, but not very well. Loves children.

  Fourthly, P. P. Kirsanov is the brother of Arkady Kirsanov. Self-satisfied, caustic and at the same time a dandy, loves high society. From the very beginning, he disliked Evgeny Bazarov.

  Fifthly, Anna Odintsova is a typical woman of that time. Cold, prudent, but knows how to show tenderness and gentleness when she needs it.

  Quote characteristics of the characters "Fathers and Sons"?

  The novel "Fathers and Sons" is one of my favorite works since school, I have re-read it several times, and each time it is perceived differently. I guess it's a matter of age. When the worldview changes, the attitude towards different heroes also changes.

  I suggest you take a look at the specs. P.P. Kirsanov: in terms of appearance, he is of average height. His appearance appears graceful and thoroughbred. His face is without wrinkles, and his eyes are bright, oblong. He is the son of a general, was brought up at home, after - in the Corps of Pages.

  Evgeny Bazarov- tall, his face is thin and long, his forehead is wide. The nose is pointed, the eyes are large and greenish. The son of a doctor, studied at the medical faculty.

  Brief description of the characters "Fathers and Sons"?

  There are five main characters in the work of Ivan Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". This is the father and son of the Kirsanovs, the uncle of the family, a friend of the younger Kirsanov, Bazarov, and the landowner, a neighbor of the Kirsanovs, Odintsova.

  Senior Kirsanov is a quiet and peaceful person, prone to compromises. His brother is Pavel, a self-confident, proud and wayward man, a retired officer.

  Arkady is the younger Kirsanov, a spineless young man who easily falls under the influence of Bazarov. Evgeny Bazarov is a nihilist. He is stubborn, does not back down in an argument, and has a keen interest in science. Anna Odintsova is a prudent woman who is afraid of strong feelings.

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  The problem of generations is one of the eternal topics that are touched upon by literature, philosophy, psychology and other fields. The work "Fathers and Sons", the characters in which are designed to demonstrate this conflict, is immortal, because the ideas of Turgenev's novel are relevant to this day.
  

  Features of the construction and plot of the novel

  The specificity of Turgenev's work is in the saturation with the details of everyday life. The reader is immersed in the atmosphere of the natural course of life, simple events, unpretentiousness and everyday life. The situation of the novel is as follows: two comrades come to rest in the village. Rest, parental care surrounds young people. Arkady is engaged in “sybaritism”, having defended his diploma with honors. His friend - Bazarov - a student at a medical university - devotes time to experiments and experiments. The plot of the novel is embodied in the short but frequent travels of the characters: either the comrades are visiting Arkady's parents, or they leave for Bazarov's father's house, or they stop by to Anna Sergeevna, a woman they met at the ball.

  Ivan Turgenev follows the advice of Anton Chekhov, who said that fiction should repeat life in a combination of complexity and "holy simplicity". It seems to the reader that the writer depicts an ordinary lunch or dinner, but at this time people find happiness or, on the contrary, lose the joy of life. The most significant events begin here - at the kitchen table.
  

  Parents and children - a classic "eternal" theme"

  There is an opinion in literary criticism that one of the central problems of Turgenev's novel is the eternal conflict between fathers and children. But in “Fathers and Sons” (it is not for nothing that the writer gave the work such a name), the example of the difference between generations also demonstrates the difference between moral standards and the depth of feelings.

  The Real Books website is glad to see you! We bring to your attention to get acquainted with Ivan Turgenev.

  Parents are an expression of the most sincere, touching, selfless and sacrificial love. These are the parents of Bazarov - demanding nothing in return. Father and mother are old people who miss their son, because it has been three years since their child has not visited their father's house. However, the psychology of the son differs from that of the parents: despite the fact that Bazarov also loves his parents, the hero shows affection differently. Bazarov's feelings for his father and mother do not require constant communication and contact. The young man calmly enjoys the hospitality of the Kirsanovs, travels with his friend to the city, then visits the house of a new acquaintance in Nikolsky, returns to the estate of his friend, Arkady, and only after that he finally decides to visit his parents.
  

  The image of the intelligentsia in Turgenev's novel

  Postmodern literature focuses on the fact that works are multifaceted, multilevel constructions that take into account the needs and interests of representatives of different readerships. However, the trend towards diversity appeared earlier. The novel by Ivan Turgenev is an example of this, because you can read this text in different ways. Someone pays attention to the plot outline, someone - to political conflicts between the "left" and "right", between liberal democratic forces and conservatives, etc.

  
  

  The intelligentsia is the younger generation, these are “children”. Conservatives, monarchists - this is the old generation, the "fathers". Some literary critics believe that the author made derogatory remarks about the older generation in the novel. Let us recall the image of Father Bazarov. This is a man of the old school, who, however, solely out of love for his son, out of a desire to be closer to Eugene, reads newfangled books, newspapers and argues in the context of new, liberal rhetoric. Meanwhile, this is only a mask, because the hero remains at the level of conservative ideas.

  The 1850s went down in the history of Russia as a time distinguished by the consolidation of the disparate intelligentsia. The events of the novel take place some time before the abolition of serfdom, in the late 1850s. On the nose - the year 1861 and the revolution. The author's biography also influenced the general atmosphere of the novel.

  During this period, the writer worked on the staff of Sovremennik, a well-known magazine in those years. In Turgenev's work, a transformation is also planned: from poetic texts to prose, from romanticism to realistic tendencies.

  Changes also appeared in the social structure of the Russian Empire at that time: for example, a new system of so-called raznochintsy was born. These were people who could not be classified as nobles, merchants, philistines, artisans, etc. The origin of a person, therefore, ceases to play any role.

  Dear you ours! We suggest that you familiarize yourself with which came out from under his pen in 1857 and, published in the Sovremennik magazine, delighted many writers, and also did not leave the readership indifferent.

  The break with Sovremennik forced Turgenev to publish the novel in a conservative magazine. "Fathers and Sons" is published in "Russian Bulletin". A sharp controversy arises around the work immediately after publication. However, the debate is not about the literary side of the novel, but about the political one: this is a polemic between the revolutionary democratic wing and the conservatives. In the end, the affair did not satisfy anyone - neither side. Meanwhile, the relevance of Turgenev's work cannot be denied, because the writer showed the causes of discord between generations, the motives for misunderstandings that arise between parents and children, as well as the disastrous consequences that this generational conflict leads to.

  
  

  Thus, Turgenev's novel was published in 1862, and the reaction of literary critics and readers to the works was ambiguous. The palette of reviews for "Fathers and Sons" was diverse: from stormy admiration for the novel to its extreme rejection and even condemnation.
  

  Analysis of the features of the central characters of "Fathers and Sons"

  Ivan Turgenev uses the classical method: with the help of the characteristics of the characters, the behavior and decisions of the characters, the writer conveys to the reader the main ideas of the novel "Fathers and Sons". Therefore, it is necessary to turn to the analysis of the specifics of the characters in the work.
  

  The main figures of Turgenev's work

  Bazarov

  Yevgeny Vasilievich Bazarov has already turned thirty. This is an adult man who has an established system of views on the world. Bazarov is a skeptic and even a nihilist. Eugene rejects established values, questions conservative ideals. Turgenev describes Bazarov as a hero distinguished by coldness, harshness, sarcastic and cynical character. Eugene discards all principles - as befits a nihilist. The hero gives the impression of an arrogant, self-confident, proud and arrogant person. Often these traits are defined by the belief in intellectual superiority over most of the environment.
  

  The role of nihilism in the life of Bazarov

  Turgenev himself admitted that he abandoned everything “artistic” when he worked on the image of Bazarov. The figure of Eugene is sharp and even somewhat unceremonious. Bazarov demonstrates the image of one of the political currents, which, among other things, inspired Turgenev to create the novel. The writer put the revolutionary-democratic ideas into the mouth of Bazarov. Revolutionary and reformist ideals are what distinguished the "new man" of the mid-19th century. On the other side of the board is the liberal-minded nobility.

  Bazarov has an independent character, a skeptical attitude towards reality, independence of judgments and actions, an outstanding, original mind.

  Biography, the origin of the hero also influenced the worldview system of Bazarov. Eugene was born into the family of a regimental doctor, so Bazarov was proud that his grandfather worked on the land along with the peasants. Bazarov also despises aristocrats, not hiding this position. Nihilism is felt in the speech of the hero, in the features of appearance, in manners and social position.

  Bazarov's behavior is a frank challenge. The hero is deliberately careless, defiantly lazy, and in his speech he often uses common words. The whole appearance of Bazarov shows denial and protest against the authorities.
  

  Kirsanovs

  Nicholas

  Father of Arkady Kirsanov. Turgenev describes Nikolai as perhaps the most positive character in the novel. The man is 44 years old, he is clean - in thoughts and in everyday habits. Nicholas is characterized by romance, calmness, balance. Kirsanov feels sincere love for his son. Nikolai's wife died, since then he has been a widow, in a depressed state after the death of his beloved wife. However, later Nikolai was lucky to meet Fenechka, a simple peasant woman, who eventually became his wife.

  Arkady

  The young man comes from a prosperous, wealthy noble family. Arkady is much younger than Bazarov: young Kirsanov recently turned 23 years old. Youth, naivety and sentimentality are features inherent in the image of Arkady. The young man is influenced by a comrade and friend - Evgeny Bazarov. Arkady graduated from the university, successfully defending his diploma. After that, both friends decided to stay with Kirsanov's parents. Arkady tries to inherit Bazarov in everything, but nihilism does not go well with the gentleness, generosity, kindness and romance of Arkady's nature. The young man is a fair, timid and chaste boy. Despite the fact that Arkady considers Bazarov an example, the young man still believes in true love.

  One day, Arcadia meets Katya, a beautiful girl with whom Kirsanov develops a romantic relationship. Falling in love finally proves to Arkady that nihilism is not his philosophy. So the friendship between young Kirsanov and Bazarov is gradually declining.
  

  Paul

  The hero is 45 years old. Pavel is the brother of Nikolai Kirsanov and, accordingly, the uncle of Arkady. Once a man served as a guards officer. A hereditary aristocrat, Paul professes a system of views and beliefs characteristic of the aristocracy of that time. This means that Kirsanov is a supporter of liberal ideology. A typical nobleman, showing his actions and behavior pride and pride. Once Paul suffered because of unhappy love. After that incident, Kirsanov does not believe in love. He also acquired the traits of a misanthrope, a skeptic and a cynic. With relatives, Pavel practically broke off communication, having gone abroad.
  

  "Fathers and Sons": figures of the second plan

  Bazarov Sr.

  Vasily Bazarov is an old man who is distinguished by good nature and simplicity. Bazarov Sr. shows love and respect for his son, being proud of how smart and educated Eugene is. Tries to inherit his son. Previously, Vasily Ivanovich served as a military doctor, but now Bazarov continues to practice medicine on a pro bono basis: he treats peasants who work for the Bazarovs on the estate. Vasily Ivanovich loves to talk, he tends to conduct "philosophical" conversations. The hero reads newfangled books and magazines, however, understanding very little from there.

  A staunch conservative, Bazarov demonstrates his commitment to revolutionary democratic ideals in order to be closer to his son. The life of Bazarov Sr. is modest and simple.
  

  Mother of Evgeny Bazarov

  Arina Vlasyevna is a woman from the nobility who married a simple regimental doctor Vasily Bazarov. The estate in which the Bazarovs live is Arina's dowry. The woman is kind and sympathetic, but Arina Vlasyevna is distinguished by excessive piety and suspiciousness. Bazarova keeps the house in perfect cleanliness and tidiness, while the heroine herself is a model of accuracy, care and affection.

  The woman dearly loves her son, trying to please Eugene in everything. Knowing that Bazarov is not a supporter of a demonstrative and open expression of emotions, he avoids his son, trying to have less contact with him. Unlike her husband, Vasily Ivanovich, she cannot understand Yevgeny and his worldview.
  

  Anna Odintsova

  Anna Sergeevna is only 28 years old, but the woman has already managed to become a widow. Anna is arrogant and cruel. The writer describes the heroine as an unhappy woman, because Odintsova does not know love and has never had sincere feelings for anyone. Accustomed to a luxurious life, a proud and arrogant beauty builds relationships based on calculation. Hosted by Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov.
  

  Katia

  Katerina is the beloved of Arkady Kirsanov. The girl was raised by her older sister. The young heroine is distinguished by a meek and calm character. Katya is smart, kind, a girl has an inherent attachment to nature, a love of music. Meanwhile, Katerina's sister is strict and principled, the older sister's character is much stronger than Katya's. Therefore, the heroine is afraid of her sister.
  

  Victor

  Viktor Sotnikov is described by Turgenev as coming from a noble family, who, meanwhile, hides his origins out of shame. Sotnikov does not have a great mind, he rather imitates authorities, inherits fashion, than is a legislator of innovations. The character of the hero is weak, too soft and cowardly. In behavior, Sotnikov is characterized by vulgarity and stupidity, importunity and thoughtless adoption of everything new. Victor wants glory at any cost: in this, the hero resembles Herostratus, a character of ancient legends who became famous for burning down the temple of Artemis.

  Bazarov for Sotnikov appears as a mentor and teacher. However, after marriage, Victor falls under the heel of his wife and leaves his former hobbies.
  

  Avdotya

  The author depicted Avdotya Kukshina as a landowner, showing interest in new trends. Kukshina is friends with Bazarov, Kirsanov and Sotnikov. Avdotya takes in the marginal intelligentsia at home and positions herself as an emancipated woman. The heroine maintains a deliberately careless appearance, and the woman’s behavior is swagger - Kukshina considers this a sign of progressive views.
  

  bauble

  bauble- some feminine ideal. A simple, pure, meek and gentle girl, about whom the reader does not get too much information. Naturalness, comfort, a tendency to spend time at home and with family - these are some of the features of Fenechka. As a result, the peasant girl becomes the wife of Nikolai Kirsanov.
  

  Dunya

  Fenechka's maid helping the girl in caring for the baby. A simple, naive and unpretentious peasant woman, Dunya loves fun and laughter. Although at home, while performing household duties, the heroine shows strictness and discipline.
  

  Peter

  Petya serves with Pavel Ivanovich Kirsanov. Peter positions himself as a smart and enlightened person, although the hero is a stupid, ignorant and dark young man. However, this does not prevent Peter from being proud and narcissistic.
  

  Nellie

  Princess R., or Nelly, is the same unfortunate love of Pavel Kirsanov. The author says little about Nelly, which makes the heroine mysterious and enigmatic. In the eyes of the reader, the princess appears as an eccentric woman, under the influence of which young minds easily fall. But one day Pavel Ivanovich finds out that Nelly has died: from that moment on, life loses its former meaning and color for Kirsanov.