New World Trade Center in New York. World Trade Center
The Freedom Tower is the main building of the new World Trade Center complex, which will replace the one that was destroyed as a result of the tragic events of September 11, 2001. On May 10, 2013, the building reached its design height 541 meters (417 meters to the roof), and was installed A 124-meter spire weighing 758 tons. The skyscraper became the tallest in New York, in the USA, and also in the entire Western Hemisphere.
The old complex consisted of 7 buildings of varying heights with one of the main symbols of New York - the huge twin towers, erected in the early 70s. The Freedom Tower stands in the northwest corner of the World Trade Center site, where the 8-story World Trade Center building number 6 stood before September 11. It is in the area of Vesey, West and Washington streets in Lower Manhattan. As you know, the places where the twin towers stood have now been turned into the Ground Zero memorial, and the World Trade Center building complex under construction will surround it.
Construction of the Freedom Tower began back in 2006, in April. Despite the fact that this giant is known to most as the Freedom Tower, it official name is One World Trade Center. After the destruction of the Twin Towers, the tallest building in New York again became the Empire State Building, but upon completion of its construction, the Freedom Tower became not only the tallest skyscraper " Big Apple", but also the United States in principle, since with a height of 541 meters it overtook Chicago's Willis Tower. It is worth noting that the project proposed by Daneil Libskind back in 2002 was adjusted for a very long time, but was eventually approved. As a result, today Lower Manhattan is decorated with a slightly spiraling tower with a huge spire that seems to follow the movement of the Statue of Liberty. By the way, the height of 541 meters is not accidental, since it corresponds to 1776 feet, and 1776 is an important date in the history of the United States, and world history in general.
The Freedom Tower is exclusively a retail and office building, although the future World Trade Center complex will also include a residential skyscraper. The area of retail and office premises inside the Tower is 241,448 square meters, total area 325,279 square meters, and the structure of the building itself is quite reminiscent of what was in the old twin towers. The center of the Tower has become a huge hall 24 meters high, from where access is provided both to the offices on the upper floors of the building, and to restaurants, exhibition areas and information centers. In addition, dedicated concourses are located on the underground level, connecting the building to the New York City subway and PATH rail lines. The highest levels of the skyscraper, at an altitude of approximately 415 meters, are equipped with restaurants with stunning views of the city and traditional observation decks in such a situation. From the outside, the building itself is lined with bluish-colored glass, and on the lower level the cladding is made of glass of an interesting prismatic shape.
Freedom Tower or Worldwide shopping mall 1 (Freedom Tower/One World Trade Center) is the tallest building in New York. With towering antennas and brilliantly reflective windows, the 541-meter building became the tallest in the United States, as well as in the entire Western Hemisphere.
The Freedom Tower consists of 69 floors for offices, restaurants and panoramic areas. The tall antennas of the skyscraper are used as radio masts. Under the building there is a huge shopping center, and access to public transport. The Freedom Tower is 104 floors. It also has panoramic platforms on floors: 100, 101 and 102. The height of the Freedom Tower, which is 541 meters, is identical to the height of the Twin towers.
Twin Towers and World Trade Center
Before the tragic attacks in 2001, the Twin Towers were located on the south side of Manhattan. At the moment, the Freedom Tower is being completed next to the site of the accident. After the September 11 attacks, it took more than a year and a half to clear the steel and concrete from the destroyed buildings. During this time, there were many discussions regarding the future use of the shopping center area. As a result, it was decided to hold a competition to determine the best design for using the space. Polish architect Daniel Libeskind, born in the USA, won the competition. The World Trade Center consists of six buildings. The designer designed the square in a spiral shape that will lead you to the 9/11 memorial.
How tall is the Freedom Tower/1 World Trade Center?
Together with antennas, the height of the building is 541 meters and 30 centimeters. Without antennas - 417 meters.
How many floors are there in the Freedom Tower/1 World Trade Center?
The building consists of 104 floors and 4 underground floors.
When will the construction of the building be completed?
Construction of the building was completed at the end of 2014.
Is there a panoramic platform in the building?
The panoramic platform is located on floors: 100, 101 and 102.
Is the 9/11 Memorial open to the public?
Open to the public.
Freedom Tower - it was original title project, but the government decided to change the name to 1 World Trade Center, which sounds less emotional. After changing the name of the building, the project's owners hope that office leasing will be more successful, despite the violent events of September 11th.
Construction of World Trade Center 1
In 2003, architect David Childs developed the design for the tallest building of the 1 World Trade Center complex. After minor adjustments to the design, construction of the project began in 2006. In 2014, the project was completed.
Do you know?...
- The foundation area of 1 World Trade Center is the same size as the Twin Towers.
- The height of the World Trade Center (541.3 meters) symbolizes the year 1776, in which the US Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence.
World Trade Center 1(correct name - World Trade Center 1, English 1 World Trade Center ), or Freedom Tower(English) Freedom Tower) - central building in the new World Trade Center complex being built in lower Manhattan (New York City, USA). It is the fourth tallest skyscraper in the world after the Burj Khalifa in Dubai (828.0 m), Shanghai Tower in Shanghai (632.0 m) and Abraj al-Bayt in Mecca (601.0 m), as well as the tallest office building in the world and the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere.
The building is located at the northwest corner of the 65,000-square-foot site that housed the previous World Trade Center complex, including the famous Twin Towers, which was destroyed on September 11, 2001.
The design height of the building is 541 meters (417 meters to the roof). Work on the construction of the building began on April 27, 2006. On December 19, 2006, the first steel columns were installed in the base of the building. Three more high-rise office buildings and a high-rise residential building are planned to be built on the same territory along Greenwich Street, thus surrounding the memorial dedicated to the tragedy of September 11, 2001 (the memorial was opened in 2011 by current Presidents B. Obama and G. Bush , during which the terrorist attack occurred). Construction of the Freedom Tower was completed on May 10, 2013 with the installation of a 124-meter metal spire weighing 758 tons. The 541-meter building became the tallest in the United States.
Story
The width of the sides of the building's base is 61 meters, that is, approximately the same as that of the destroyed twin towers (63 meters). The external finishing of the base will be made of more than two thousand elements made of glass, shaped like prisms. The dimensions of the glass elements are 1.21 meters by 4.06 meters. A beam of light will shine from the antenna into the sky, which is expected to be visible in the air up to 300 meters high.
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Excerpt describing 1 World Trade Center
“I can’t tell your Majesty at what time the battle began from the front, but in Dürenstein, where I was, the army began the attack at 6 o’clock in the evening,” said Bolkonsky, perking up and at the same time assuming that he would be able to present what was already ready in his head a true description of everything that he knew and saw.But the emperor smiled and interrupted him:
- How many miles?
- From where and to where, Your Majesty?
– From Durenstein to Krems?
- Three and a half miles, Your Majesty.
-Have the French left the left bank?
“As the scouts reported, the last ones crossed on rafts that night.
– Is there enough fodder in Krems?
– The fodder was not delivered in that quantity...
The Emperor interrupted him.
– At what time was General Schmit killed?...
- At seven o'clock, I think.
- At 7:00. Very sad! Very sad!
The Emperor said his thanks and bowed. Prince Andrei came out and was immediately surrounded on all sides by courtiers. Kind eyes looked at him from all sides and gentle words were heard. Yesterday's adjutant reproached him for not staying at the palace and offered him his home. The Minister of War approached, congratulating him on the Order of Maria Theresa, 3rd class, which the Emperor had bestowed upon him. The Empress's chamberlain invited him to see Her Majesty. The Archduchess also wanted to see him. He didn’t know who to answer, and took a few seconds to collect his thoughts. The Russian envoy took him by the shoulder, took him to the window and began to talk to him.
Contrary to Bilibin’s words, the news he brought was received joyfully. A thanksgiving service was scheduled. Kutuzov was awarded the Grand Cross by Maria Theresa, and the entire army received decorations. Bolkonsky received invitations from all sides and had to make visits to the main dignitaries of Austria all morning. Having finished his visits at five o'clock in the evening, mentally composing a letter to his father about the battle and about his trip to Brunn, Prince Andrei returned home to Bilibin. At the porch of the house occupied by Bilibin, a britzka half-stuffed with belongings stood, and Franz, Bilibin’s servant, with difficulty dragging his suitcase, came out of the door.
Before going to Bilibin, Prince Andrei went to a bookstore to stock up on books for the trip and sat in the shop.
- What's happened? – asked Bolkonsky.
- Ach, Erlaucht? - said Franz, with difficulty loading the suitcase into the chaise. – Wir ziehen noch weiter. Der Bosewicht ist schon wieder hinter uns her! [Ah, your Excellency! We go even further. The villain is already on our heels again.]
- What's happened? What? - asked Prince Andrei.
Bilibin came out to meet Bolkonsky. There was excitement on Bilibin’s always calm face.
“Non, non, avouez que c"est charmant," he said, "cette histoire du pont de Thabor (bridge in Vienna). Ils l"ont passe sans coup ferir. [No, no, admit that this is a delight, this story with the Tabor Bridge. They crossed it without resistance.]
Prince Andrei did not understand anything.
- Where are you from that you don’t know what all the coachmen in the city already know?
- I am from the Archduchess. I didn't hear anything there.
– And didn’t you see that they are stacking everywhere?
- I haven’t seen it... But what’s the matter? – Prince Andrei asked impatiently.
- What's the matter? The fact is that the French crossed the bridge that Auesperg defends, and the bridge was not blown up, so Murat is now running along the road to Brunn, and today they will be here tomorrow.
- Like here? How come they didn’t blow up the bridge when it was mined?
– And this is what I’m asking you. Nobody, not even Bonaparte himself, knows this.
Bolkonsky shrugged.
“But if the bridge is crossed, it means the army is lost: it will be cut off,” he said.
“That’s the thing,” answered Bilibin. - Listen. The French are entering Vienna, as I told you. Everything is very good. The next day, that is, yesterday, gentlemen marshals: Murat Lann and Belliard, sit on horseback and go to the bridge. (Note that all three are Gascons.) Gentlemen,” says one, “you know that the Tabor Bridge is mined and counter-mined, and that in front of it is a formidable tete de pont and fifteen thousand troops, who have been ordered to blow up the bridge and not let us in.” But our sovereign Emperor Napoleon will be pleased if we take this bridge. The three of us will go and take this bridge. “Let’s go,” others say; and they set off and take the bridge, cross it and now with the entire army on this side of the Danube they are heading towards us, towards you and towards your messages.
“No more joking,” said Prince Andrei sadly and seriously.
This news was sad and at the same time pleasant for Prince Andrei.
As soon as he learned that the Russian army was in such a hopeless situation, it occurred to him that he was precisely destined to lead the Russian army out of this situation, that here he was, that Toulon, who would lead him out of the ranks of unknown officers and open the first path for him to glory! Listening to Bilibin, he was already thinking how, having arrived at the army, he would present an opinion at the military council that alone would save the army, and how he alone would be entrusted with the execution of this plan.
“Don’t be kidding,” he said.
“I’m not joking,” continued Bilibin, “there is nothing fairer and sadder.” These gentlemen come to the bridge alone and raise white scarves; They assure that there is a truce, and that they, the marshals, are going to negotiate with Prince Auersperg. The officer on duty lets them into the tete de pont. [bridge fortification.] They tell him a thousand Gascon nonsense: they say that the war is over, that Emperor Franz has appointed a meeting with Bonaparte, that they want to see Prince Auersperg, and a thousand Gasconades, etc. The officer sends for Auersperg; These gentlemen hug the officers, joke, sit on the cannons, and meanwhile the French battalion enters the bridge unnoticed, throws bags of flammable substances into the water and approaches the tete de pont. Finally, the Lieutenant General himself appears, our dear Prince Auersperg von Mautern. “Dear enemy! Color of the Austrian army, hero Turkish wars! The enmity is over, we can give each other a hand... Emperor Napoleon is burning with the desire to recognize Prince Auersperg.” In a word, these gentlemen, not for nothing Gascons, shower Auersperg with beautiful words, he is so seduced by his so quickly established intimacy with the French marshals, so blinded by the sight of Murat’s mantle and ostrich feathers, qu"il n"y voit que du feu, et oubl celui qu"il devait faire faire sur l"ennemi. [That he sees only their fire and forgets about his own, which he was obliged to open against the enemy.] (Despite the liveliness of his speech, Bilibin did not forget to pause after this mot to give time to evaluate it.) The French battalion runs into tete de pont, the guns are nailed down, and the bridge is taken. No, but what’s best,” he continued, calming down in his excitement by the charm of his own story, “is that the sergeant assigned to that cannon, at the signal of which the mines were supposed to be lit and the bridge blown up, this sergeant, seeing that the French troops running to the bridge, he was about to shoot, but Lann pulled his hand away. The sergeant, who was apparently smarter than his general, comes up to Auersperg and says: “Prince, you are being deceived, these are the French!” Murat sees that the matter is lost if the sergeant is allowed to speak. He turns to Auersperg with surprise (a real Gascon): “I don’t recognize the Austrian discipline so vaunted in the world,” he says, “and you allow a lower rank to talk to you like that!” C "est genial. Le prince d" Auersperg se pique d "honneur et fait mettre le sergent aux arrets. Non, mais avouez que c" est charmant toute cette histoire du pont de Thabor. Ce n"est ni betise, ni lachete... [This is brilliant. Prince Auersperg is offended and orders the arrest of the sergeant. No, admit that this is lovely, this whole story with the bridge. This is not just stupidity, not just meanness...]
“C”est trahison peut etre, [Perhaps treason,] said Prince Andrei, vividly imagining the gray greatcoats, wounds, gunpowder smoke, the sounds of gunfire and the glory that awaits him.
– Non plus. “Cela met la cour dans de trop mauvais draps,” continued Bilibin. - Ce n"est ni trahison, ni lachete, ni betise; c"est comme a Ulm... - He seemed to think, looking for an expression: - c"est... c"est du Mack. Nous sommes mackes, [Also no. This puts the court in the most absurd position; this is neither treason, nor meanness, nor stupidity; it’s like at Ulm, it’s... it’s Makovshchina. We dipped ourselves. ] - he concluded, feeling that he had said un mot, and a fresh mot, such a mot that will be repeated.
The folds on his forehead that had been gathered until then quickly dissolved as a sign of pleasure, and he, smiling slightly, began to examine his nails.
World Trade Center 1(English) 1 World Trade Center), or Freedom Tower(English: Freedom Tower) is the central building in the new World Trade Center complex being built in lower Manhattan (city, USA).
The building will be located at the northwest corner of the 65,000-square-foot site that housed the previous World Trade Center complex, including the famous Twin Towers, that was destroyed on Sept. 11, 2001. Work on the construction of the building began on April 27, 2006. On December 19, 2006, the first steel columns were installed in the base of the building. Three more high-rise office buildings and a high-rise residential building are planned to be built on the same site along Greenwich Street, thus surrounding the memorial dedicated to the tragedy of September 11, 2001. The memorial itself is under construction. The completion of construction of the Freedom Tower is planned for 2013.
Story
Following the destruction of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, there was much debate regarding the future use of the trade center site. Proposals began to pour in almost immediately, and by 2002, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which owns the rights to use the site, organized a competition through the created Lower Manhattan Development Corporation to determine ways to use the space. The projects proposed at this stage were negatively received by the public, which was the reason for a second, more open competition in December 2002, as a result of which the project proposed by Daniel Libeskind was selected. The project was revised many times. As a result, the final appearance of the building was presented to the public on June 28, 2006. To satisfy the New York Police Department's concerns regarding the safety of the building, it was decided that the lower part of the building (57 meters in height) would be constructed using concrete. To ensure that this concrete part of the building does not resemble a bunker, as critics have said, it was decided that prism-shaped glass elements would be used to decorate the façade at this level. It is expected that the construction of the building itself will be completed in 2010, and it will be ready for use in the first quarter of 2011.
Design
The area for office use is 241,000 square meters. The lower 61 meters of the building will be occupied by a 24-meter high hall and several service floors located above it. Further up are 69 floors directly intended for office use, ending at 341 meters. Above them there will be more service floors, and two more floors will be given over to the use of the Metropolitan Television Alliance. Restaurants and observation decks will end observation deck and parapet, reaching a height of 415 meters and 417 meters, respectively - the height of the twin towers of the previous World Trade Center. The stylized antenna on the building's roof will rise to a height of 541 meters (1,776 feet). 1776 is the year the US Declaration of Independence was signed. The width of the sides of the building's base is 61 meters, that is, approximately the same as that of the destroyed twin towers (63 meters). The external finishing of the base will be made of more than two thousand elements made of glass, shaped like prisms. The dimensions of the glass elements are 1.21 meters by 4.06 meters. From the end of the antenna structure, a beam of light will shine into the sky, which is expected to be visible in the air to a height of up to 300 meters.
Other
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Reconstruction World Trade Center |
| Towers |
| (Tower 1) |
| (Tower 2) |
| 175 Greenwich Street (Tower 3) |
| 150 Greenwich Street (Tower 4) |
| 130 Liberty Street (Tower 5) |
| 7 World Trade Center |
| Memorial |
| World Trade Center Memorial |
| Transport |
| World Trade Center Transportation Hub |
The first steel column installed at the base of the building on December 19, 2006 featured a large American flag emblem with the flag depicted vertically. Several people noticed that the stripes on the flag were depicted incorrectly. The flag emblem was subsequently quickly removed and replaced with the correct one on December 23.
The idea of making the building's base out of concrete materials was criticized by some people who believed it was due to paranoia about the possibility of future terrorist attacks. “Tower of Terror” is the name of the building voiced by some of these people.
Emery Roth and Sons
New complex:
David Childs (1 WTC)
Lord Norman Foster (2 WTC)
Rogers Stirk Harbor
Partners (3 WTC)
World Trade Center(abbr. World Trade Center, correct name - Center international trade , English World Trade Center is a seven-building complex designed by Minoru Yamasaki and officially opened on April 4, 1973 in New York City, USA. The architectural dominant of the complex were two towers, each with 110 floors - North (417 m high, and taking into account the antenna installed on the roof - 526.3 m) and South (415 m high). On September 11, 2001, the World Trade Center complex was destroyed as a result of a terrorist attack. For some time after the completion of construction, the towers were the tallest skyscrapers in the world (before that, the tallest building was the Empire State Building, which, after the destruction of the World Trade Center, again became the tallest building in New York and was considered such until the opening of the 1 World Trade Center in November 2014) .
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Original complex
History and construction
The idea of creating a World Trade Center in New York was first proposed in 1943. The New York State Legislature passed a bill allowing New York Governor Thomas Dewey to begin planning for construction, but development was suspended in 1949. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, economic growth in New York City was concentrated in downtown Manhattan. To stimulate redevelopment in other areas of Manhattan, David Rockefeller proposed that the Port Authority build a shopping center in Lower Manhattan.
The original plans, unveiled in 1961, proposed using the East River to build the World Trade Center. As a bistate agency, the Ports Authority had to obtain approval for new projects from two governors: New York and New Jersey. New Jersey Governor Robert B. Mainer objected to the $335 million project being built in New York. Near the end of 1961, negotiations with New Jersey Governor Meiner stalled.
At that time, passenger traffic along the Hudson-Manhattan railway(H&M Railroads), owned by New Jersey, dropped significantly, from 113 million passengers in 1927 to 26 million in 1958, after new road tunnels and bridges opened over the Hudson River. In December 1961, at a meeting between Port Authority Director Austin J. Tobin and newly elected New Jersey Governor Richard J. Hughes, it was proposed to build the Port Authority Transit Hub (PATH) across the Hudson and buy out the H&M Railroads from New Jersey. . The Ports Authority also decided to move the World Trade Center project to the Hudson Terminal construction site on the west side of Lower Manhattan, more convenient for New Jersey passengers arriving via PATH. Due to the new location and the Port Authority's acquisition of the H&M Railroads, New Jersey agreed to support the World Trade Center project.
Approval from New York City Mayor John Lindsay and the New York City Council was also required. Disagreements with the city concerned mainly tax issues. On August 3, 1966, an agreement was reached that the Ports Authority would make annual payments to the city in lieu of taxes on the use of World Trade Center space by private tenants. In subsequent years, payments will increase as will the property tax rate.
Architectural design
On September 20, 1962, the Port Authority announced the selection of Minoru Yamasaki as lead architect and Emery Roth & Sons as contributing architects. Yamasaki developed a plan that included the Twin Towers; Yamasaki's original plan included two towers of 80 floors, but to meet the requirements of the Port Authority administration, 10 million square feet (930 thousand m 2) of office space were required, then the buildings were increased to 110 floors. The main factor in limiting the height of buildings was the installation of elevators - the higher the building, the more elevators were required to service it, requiring more cumbersome elevator shafts. Yamasaki and engineers decided to use new system with two "sky lobbies" where people could move from a large express elevator to local elevators that went to the desired floors in their section. This system, inspired by the New York City subway system, allowed local elevators to be created within a single elevator shaft. Located on the 44th and 78th floors of each tower, the “sky lobbies” made it possible to efficiently use space for elevator shafts, increasing the amount of usable space on each floor from 62 to 75% by reducing the number of elevator shafts. In total, the World Trade Center had 95 express and local elevators.
In January 1967, the Port Authority submitted a $74 million contract to supply construction steel to various suppliers, resulting in the selection of Carl Koch as the primary supplier. Firm Tishman Realty & Construction was hired in February 1967 to oversee construction of the project. Construction began on the North Tower in August 1968; Construction of the South Tower began in January 1969. The Hudson Tubes, which carried PATH trains to Hudson Terminal, remained in service throughout construction until it opened in 1971. new station PATH (PATH station).
North and South towers
The First World Trade Center (1WTC) and Second World Trade Center (2WTC), more commonly simply the "Twin Towers" conceived by Minoru Yamasaki, were designed as a tube frame, providing tenants with open floor space uninterrupted by columns or walls. They were the main buildings of the World Trade Center. The North Tower (1WTC) became the world's tallest building at the time of its completion, at 1,368 feet (417 meters), ahead of the South Tower (2WTC), which began construction earlier in 1966. The widespread use of prefabricated components helped speed up the construction process, and the first tenants moved into the North Tower in December 1970, while the South Tower was still under construction. Upon completion in 1973, the South Tower became the second tallest building in the world, at 1,362 feet (415 m); the observation deck on the roof of the South Tower is located at an altitude of 1,362 feet (415 m), as well as on the 107th floor of the tower at an altitude of 1,310 feet (400 m). Each tower stood 1,350 feet (410 m) high, and occupied approximately 1 acre (4,000 m2) of the complex's 16 acres (65,000 m2). During a press conference in 1973, Yamasaki was asked: “Why two 110-story buildings? Why not just one 220-story building?” He replied: “I don’t want to lose my human scale.”
Upon completion in 1972, 1WTC was the tallest building in the world for two years, overtaking the Empire State Building after a 40-year reign. In 1978, a telecommunications mast (antenna) was installed on the North Tower, which was added to the top of the roof, 362 feet (110 m) high. Together with her highest point The North Tower was located at an altitude of 1,730 feet (530 m). The World Trade Center towers held the title of tallest for a short time, until May 1973, when the Sears Tower opened in Chicago with a roof height of 1,450 feet (440 m). Throughout its existence, the WTC towers had more floors (110) than in any other building. This number was not surpassed until the Burj Khalifa, which opened in 2010 (163 floors).
Fire February 13, 1975
On February 13, 1975, three fire alarms sounded on the 11th floor of the North Tower. The fire spread through the central empty pipes to the 9th and 14th floors due to the fire of telephone wires in the shaft located vertically between the floors. Those areas where the fire penetrated through the wires were extinguished almost immediately; the fire was contained within a few hours. Most of The damage occurred on the 11th floor, where the fire started in an office filled with paper, printing fluid and other office equipment. Fire-resistant treatment of the steel against melting saved the frame itself, and no structural damage was caused to the tower. In second place in terms of damage caused were the lower floors, which suffered not so much from the fire as from the fire foam. At that time, the World Trade Center did not have a fire suppression system.
Terrorist attack on February 26, 1993
On February 26, 1993, at 12:17 p.m., a truck with 680 kg of explosives drove into the underground parking lot of the World Trade Center, driven by Ismail Ayyad, and the organizer of the attack, Ramzi Yusef, was sitting next to him. The truck exploded in the underground garage of the North Tower. Six people were killed and more than 1,000 were injured.
Yousef fled to Pakistan shortly after the bombing, but was arrested in Islamabad in February 1995 and extradited to the United States to face trial. Sheikh Omar Abdel Raman was accused in 1996 of participating in the bombing and other conspiracies. Yousef and Eyad Ismoil were sentenced to life in prison in 1997 for their involvement in the bombing. Four more were also sentenced for their participation in the explosion in May 1994. According to the court, the goal of the conspirators was to completely destabilize the North Tower, which was supposed to fall on the South Tower - that is, the complete destruction of both towers.
After the attack, port authorities installed photoluminescent signs on the walls. The fire notification system was completely replaced due to the original system's wiring and alarm system failing.
was created in memory of the victims mirror pond with the names of those killed in the explosion. As a result of the September 11 terrorist attack, the memorial was destroyed. A new memorial, common to the victims of the explosion and the terrorist attack, will appear in the new memorial complex, opened on the site of the former World Trade Center.
Destruction of September 11, 2001
On September 11, 2001, terrorists hijacked American Airlines Flight 11 and deliberately crashed it into the North Tower at 08:46 (from the north façade, between the 93rd and 99th floors). Seventeen minutes later, a second group of terrorists crashed the same stolen United Airlines Flight 175 into the South Tower (floors 77-85). Due to the destruction caused to the North Tower by the plane's body, all exits from the building above the collision site were completely blocked, resulting in 1,344 people trapped. The impact of the second plane, unlike the first, was closer to the corner of the skyscraper, and one stairwell remained undamaged. However, few people managed to go down it unhindered before the structure collapsed. But still, despite the fact that the plane hit the South Tower below, less than 700 people were trapped between floors or killed at once - much less than in the North. At 9:59 a.m., the South Tower collapsed due to a fire that damaged the steel structure, already weakened by the collision with the aircraft. The north tower collapsed at 10:28 a.m. after a fire that lasted 102 minutes.
At 17:20 on September 11, 2001, the east penthouse of the seventh building of the World Trade Center (WTC-7) collapsed, and at 17:21 the entire building collapsed due to the fact that spontaneous fires irreversibly destroyed its structure. The third building of the World Trade Center, the Marriott Hotel (WTC-3), was hit by the falling Twin Towers. The three remaining buildings in the complex were seriously damaged by falling debris and were eventually demolished because they were beyond repair.
The Deutsche Bank building on the other side of Liberty Street, across from the World Trade Center complex, was later deemed uninhabitable due to high content toxic compounds in premises; This building is now dismantled. Manhattan Community College's Fiterman Hall at 30 West Broadway is also slated for demolition due to extensive damage sustained in the attack.
After the terrorist attack, media reported that tens of thousands of people could have been injured, as there could have been over 50,000 people in the complex during normal working hours. As a result of the 9/11 terrorist attack, 2,752 death certificates were issued, including in the name of Felicia Dunn-Jones, whose death was registered only in February 2002; Dunn-Jones died five months after the attack due to a terrible lung condition caused by clouds of flying dust during the collapse of the World Trade Center buildings. Two more victims were later added to the official death toll: doctor Sneha Anne Philip, who last time seen the day before the attack, and Leon Hayward, who died in 2008 from lymphoma caused by inhaling air saturated with dust raised by the collapse of the Twin Towers. The investment bank Cantor Fitzgerald L.P., located on floors 101-105 of the World Trade Center, lost 658 employees - more than any other institution, even the Marsh and McLennan Companies, located directly below the bank's premises on floors 93-101 (where the plane crashed). terrorists) and lost 295 people. In third place in terms of human losses (175 people) is Aon Corporation. Also killed were 343 New York City firefighters, 84 employees of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, including 37 employees of the Port Authority Police Department (PAPD) and 23 officers of the New York City Police Department. -York. Of all those people who were in the towers at the time of their collapse, only 20 people were extracted alive, including PAPD police officers Will Jimeno and John McLaughlin (the eighteenth and nineteenth survivors). Also according to official authorities from the windows upper floors 200 people jumped out of both towers, engulfed in fire and thick smoke. One firefighter was killed when an ejected person fell on him.
Consequences
As a result terrorist attack three buildings of the complex were collapsed: the two tallest buildings (North Tower, South Tower) and also WTC-7. The Marriott Hotel was almost completely destroyed by the wreckage of WTC 1 and 2, and three other buildings were so damaged that they were deemed unsuitable for restoration and were later demolished. Also, as a result of the collapse of WTC-2, irreparable damage was caused to the 40-story Deutsche Bank building, which is currently being dismantled.
New complex
Music
- I Can’t See New York (song by Tori Amos, album Scarlet's Walk, 2002)
- Free (Bonfire album, 2003)
- New New York (song by The Cranberries, album Stars, 2002)
- Façade of Reality (song by Epica, album The Phantom Agony, 2003)
- The Evil Has Landed (Testament song, The Formation of Damnation album, 2008)
- When the Eagle Cries (band song
- Astronomy Presentations Astronomy Presentation Template
- The anniversary of the expulsion of the Karachais recalled the problem of rehabilitation of repressed peoples
- Udmurt people What peoples live on the territory of Udmurtia
- Russia is a multinational state We live in a multinational country
- The smallest peoples of the world Which group of peoples is the smallest
- How to change a cash receipt order in 1c
- Penalty calculation at the refinancing rate, penalty online
- Other current assets on the balance sheet are... Accounts and other assets
- Procedure for submitting calculations for insurance premiums Calculation of RSV for 9 months
- How to reduce VAT and maintain profits
- International accounting and reporting standards
- The magical world of crystals
- How to salt milk mushrooms: a quick recipe
- Ten Surprisingly Profitable Illegal Trades
- Management project based on the example of an enterprise presentation
- Abstract: Elementary particles
- Presentation on the topic "management"
- History of the development of computer technology presentation for a lesson on the topic Historical development of computer technology presentation
- Astronomy Presentations Interesting Topics for Astronomy Presentations
- Presentation on history "counting years in history"