Sample instructions for a cash register for a retail network. The concepts of local and barcode. Closing the day on KKM

Cash registers are used to record payment amounts and to process cash during the business day. There are many types of cash registers, including electronic cash registers, iPad cash registers, and other computer-based cash registers. Although each cash register has a number of features, they are all similar in operation.

Steps

Part 1

Install your cash register and connect it. Place the machine on a solid, level surface. Ideally, a work surface with a place for customers to place goods is best. Plug the cash register directly into the outlet (do not use an extension cord).

Insert batteries. They provide backup memory for the cash register in the event of a power failure, and batteries must be inserted before any machine functions can be programmed. Remove the cover of the receipt paper compartment and locate the battery compartment. You may need a small screwdriver to unscrew the cover. Install the batteries according to the instructions on the device. Reinstall the battery compartment cover.

• Sometimes the battery compartments are located under the paper roll compartment.
• Change the batteries once a year to keep them working properly.

1. Insert a roll of receipt paper. Remove the cover of the receipt paper compartment. Make sure the end of your paper roll has a straight edge to make it easier to insert it into the paper feeder. Insert the roll of paper so that it goes through the front of the cash register so you can tear off receipts for customers. Press the SUPPLY button so that the cash register catches the paper and passes it through itself.

   Unlock checkout. Usually there is a key for it that locks the cash register for security. Don't lose this key. You can simply leave it at the checkout so you can easily find it and lock the checkout drawer if necessary.

   Turn on the cash register. Some machines have an ON/OFF switch on the back. Others have a key on the front of the top. Turn on the device or turn the key to the REG position (cash register mode).

   • Newer models of cash registers may have a MODE button instead of a regular key. Press the MODE button and scroll to REG or operating mode.

2. Program your cash register. Most cash registers can be programmed to group similar items into categories. These categories, or divisions, may also be taxable or non-taxable. You can also set the time and date.

   • The programming function is usually started by turning the key to the PROG or P position, or by pressing the mode button to the PROGRAM mode. Other machines may have a manual lever under the paper compartment cover that needs to be set to Program mode.
   • Many of the cash registers have at least 4 tax buttons. They can be programmed for different tax rates, depending on whether you pay a flat tax, like in some US states, or you have other types of taxes, such as GST (goods and services tax), PST (provincial sales tax) or VAT rates (depending on your location).
   • Follow the specific instructions provided in your cash register manual to set up these features.

   Part 2

   Carrying out a sale transaction

   1. Enter the security code or password to operate the cash register. Many cash registers require you to enter your service number or other security code in order to use them. Service numbers are useful in that they allow you to allocate each purchase to a specific employee. This is useful for tracking sales and identifying bugs.

      Enter the amount of the first item. Use the numeric keypad to enter the exact amount in rubles. Usually you don't need to enter the decimal point, as the cash register will do it for you.

      • Some cash registers use a scanner so that you don't have to manually enter the item price each time. The scanner reads the barcode and automatically enters product information. In this case, you do not need to select a section in the next step.

   2. Press the corresponding department button. Most cash registers require you to press a button after entering an amount that will classify an item into a particular sale category (eg clothing, food, and so on).

      • Partition keys can be programmed as taxable or tax-free. Refer to your machine's manual for instructions on how to program the tax rates to the appropriate keys.
      • Look at the receipt: press the arrow or the SUBMIT button to move the paper up and you could read the entire amount written on the receipt.
      • Each item you add will go into the total, which is usually displayed on the readout sensor or screen.

   3. Add any necessary discounts to the price. If the item is on sale, you may need to enter a discount percentage. Enter the price of the item, click the section button, enter the discount percentage (for example, 15 would be 15%), and then click the % button. It is usually located on the numeric keypad, on the left.

      Enter the amounts for the rest of the items. Use the numeric keypad to type in the exact cost of each item. Do not forget to press the button of the corresponding section each time after entering the cost.

      • If you have multiple copies of the same item, type in the quantity of these items, then press the QTY (Quantity) button, then the cost of one such item, and then the button for the corresponding section. For example, if you have 2 books priced at 6.99, press 2, then Qty, then 699, and the section button.

   4. Click the pre-amount button. It gives the total cost of the entered item. The button will add all the necessary taxes that have been programmed into the section buttons.

   5. Find out how the buyer is going to pay. Customers can pay by cash, credit card or cheque. You can also accept gift cards and certificates, which are most often treated as cash.

      • Cash: Enter the amount of cash you received and press the CASH button (usually the largest button on the bottom right side of the cash register key set). Many cash registers will tell you how much to give the customer as change. However, not everyone does this, and you will have to do all the calculations in your head. As soon as the cash register opens, you can put cash or a check in it and count the amount of change.
      • Credit card: press the CARD button and use the terminal to pay with cards.
      • Receipt: enter the exact amount on the receipt, press the CHECK or CC button, and put it in the cashier.
      • You don't have to make a sale to open the checkout, you can click the NO PURCHASE or NA button. This function can be protected by the manager, and can request his code to put the cash register in the NO PURCHASE mode.

   6. Close the checkout. Always close the cash register immediately, and do not leave it open. Otherwise, theft may occur.

      • Always empty or clean the cash register at the end of the working day, keep it in a safe place.

   Part 3

   Error correction

   1. Cancellation of the sale. If you mistakenly enter the wrong price for an item, or the customer decides they don't want to buy it after you've listed it, you may need to cancel the item or sale. It is removed from the preliminary amount.

      • Enter the amount, click the section button, click the CANCEL button to remove it from the total. You must delete an item before you enter a new one. Otherwise, you will need to add a subtotal, press the CANCEL button, then enter the exact amount entered by mistake and press the section button. Thus, the erroneous amount will be subtracted from the subtotal.
      • If you need to completely cancel the sale of several products, go through each and cancel them individually.

   2. Purchase return. If the buyer wants to return the product, you need to add this to the total amount for the day before you give him the money. To return your purchase, click the RETURN button. Enter the exact cost of the item and click the button for the appropriate section. Click the subtotal button, then the CASH button. The cashier will open and you can return the money to the buyer.

      • Certain buttons and features, such as refunds, can be blocked for use by the manager only. You may need to enter a manager code to switch the cash register to cancel or return mode.
      • Check with your supervisor for the applicable return and cancellation policy.

Many individual entrepreneurs who have a point of sale do not know how to install a cash register. If an entrepreneur sells products and services for cash, then he needs to know how a cash register (KKM) works.

The rules for using the cash register are established in 2 documents:

• in the law of April 25, 2003 No. 54 "On the use of cash registers when using cash settlements (or) settlements using a payment card";

• in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 23, 2007 No. 470 "On the registration and application of cash registers used by LLCs and individual entrepreneurs."

Before you start working on a cash register, you need to carefully study the rules for using this equipment.

Checkout setup and rules

On the cash equipment, a record of payment transactions is made and money is processed throughout the working day.

At the moment, there are many types of cash registers - electronic devices, iPad cash registers, etc. However, they all have the same operating rules.

Checkout installation

Installation of cash equipment and its connection

First, the individual entrepreneur needs to put the cash equipment on the work surface, next to which there is a place for the client, where you can lay out the goods.

Battery use

The back-up memory of the cash equipment operates on batteries. The PC must insert a battery before using any of the functions of this technique.
First you need to remove the cover of the receipt compartment and find a place for the battery. In this case, the IP should use a small screwdriver.

Then close the battery compartment with a lid.

You need to change the batteries once a year to keep them running smoothly.

Application of paper roll

First you need to remove the cover of the compartment for checks. In this case, you need to make sure that the end of the paper roll is not broken (has straight edges). As a result, the IP will easily be a paper roll into the device.

When finished, click on the SUBMIT button. In this case, the device will hook the paper and drive it through itself.

Unblocking the checkout

As a rule, the cash register has a key with which the cashier closes the cash register for security purposes. In no case should the IP lose this key.

In this case, you can simply leave the key in the cash register so that it is not lost and, in the event of a dangerous situation, you can block the cash register compartment with cash.

Turning on the cash register

Several cash registers have an On / Off button on the back. Other cash desks have a key on top.

To turn on this device, you must click on the button or turn the key to the REG position.

Modern types of cash registers are equipped with a MODE button, which replaces the key. In this case, click on the MODE button and press it until the REG position.

Setting up a cash register

Cash registers can be configured so that they combine similar items in one category. A category of goods may be taxed or vice versa - not subject to taxation.

Also, cashiers-workers of IP can set the date and time.

The programming of the cash register can be started by turning the key to the PROG (P) position, or by clicking on the button that switches the cash register to the PROGRAM mode.

Other cash registers are equipped with a manual lever, which is located under the cover of the paper roll compartment. In this case, the lever must be switched to the Program mode.

Entering a password for working with a cash register

When using a cash register, the cashier must enter a personal service number or password each time. When using a service number, the IP distributes each purchase to a specific cashier. In this case, all sales are tracked and errors are detected.

If an individual entrepreneur owns a restaurant, then employees of his establishment will need to enter their service codes along with table numbers and the number of customers.

Modern types of cash registers require you to enter a password and email address when logging in.

Entering the amount of the first sales

When working at the checkout, you must use a keyboard with numbers in order to enter exact amounts in rubles. The cashier does not need to type the separator after the comma, because the cash register does this automatically.

Some devices are equipped with a scanner. It reads barcodes and immediately enters product information. In this case, the cashier does not need to define the partition in the following steps.

Using a specific department button

On a significant number of cash registers, the cashier clicks on the button after entering the amount, which refers the product to a specific sales category (food products, clothing, etc.).

Partition keys should be configured as both taxable and tax-exempt keys. In this case, you need to carefully study the instructions of the cash register in order to successfully work on this technique, having familiarized yourself with the rules for linking the tax rate to a specific key in advance.

Then you should look at the receipt: you need to click on the SUBMIT button (on the arrow) so that the paper check crawls up. In this case, you can see the entire amount that is written on the check.

Each item added is included in the total amount, which is displayed on the screen of the device or barcode reader.

Adding a discount

If commercial products are on sale, then the cash desk employee must take into account the size of the discount.

In this case, you need to do the following:

• enter the cost of the goods;
• click the button with the section;
• dial the discount amount as a percentage (so, 15 means 15%);
• press the % button. It is located on the cash desk keyboard.

Entering the amount for other items

An individual entrepreneur needs to use the cash desk keyboard to set the price of each product. In this case, after entering the price of the goods, you must click on the button of a specific section.

If the cashier punches several pieces of the same product, he needs to do the following:

• collect a certain amount of these goods;
• then click the QTY (Qty) button;
• further, enter the price of one of the goods;
• then click the button for a specific section.

So, if 2 loaves are bought from an individual entrepreneur at a price of 6.99, then you need to press 2, then Quantity, then 699, and the section button.

Using the Provisional Amounts Button

When using this button, the total cost of the introduced commodity product will appear on the screen of the cash register. In this case, all taxes that were attached to the section buttons will be added.

Method of payment for goods

Buyers pay for goods in cash, credit cards or checks. The cashier also takes into account gift cards and certificates, which are considered cash.

When receiving cash from the buyer, you need to dial the amount of cash, and click on the CASH button. It is located below, on the right and is the largest.

After that, on many cash registers, a message appears on how much change should be given to the client. At the same time, not all cash registers do this, and the cashier must calculate the required amount of change in his mind.

After opening the money compartment, you can put cash or a check in it, and determine the amount of change.

When paying for goods with a credit card, an individual entrepreneur must click on the CARD button and use a special terminal.

When receiving a check from the buyer, you must enter the amount indicated on this payment document. Then you need to click on the CHECK button (ChK), and put it in the cash compartment.

To open the compartment with cash, it is not necessary to sell something. Just click on the NO PURCHASE (NP) button. This can be done only after the manager enters a special code to put the cash register in the LR mode.

Closing the cash desk

After the end of the working day, the cashier should always close the cash drawer. Otherwise, an individual entrepreneur may lose his money due to the illegal removal of money (robbery) from the cash register.

An individual entrepreneur must empty the cash compartment from money every day at the end of the working day. Keep this device in a hidden place from strangers.

Registration of cash register balance and sales reports

Calculation of the amount of sales for 1 day

Some SPs occasionally check the number of sales in 1 day.

To determine the final amount, you must click on the button that switches modes, or turn the device key to the X position and select X mode.

When using mode X, the total revenue is calculated. However, when applying the Z mode, the revenue received during the day is reset.

Presentation of sales reports

This report reflects all sales for the day. Most cash registers print the following reports:

• sales report for 1 hour;
• report on the work of individual employees;
• report on a specific section, etc.

In order to print these reports, you must click on the MODE button and set the Z mode on it, or turn the key to Z.

Registration of the balance of the device

After generating a report on sales for the day, the cashier needs to count the money in the cash compartment. If the cashier-employee of the IP has credit card receipts or checks, you should add them to the total amount.

Many credit card terminals also print out a daily report. In this case, the cashier can easily reconcile the sale for the day. He needs to subtract the total amount from the one with which the cashier started the working day, before making the first sale to the buyer.

Also, the cashier should keep a book of financial transactions, credit cards and checks. This will make it easier for the individual entrepreneur to maintain general accounting.

After the above actions, the cashier must return the base amount to the cashier before the start of a new working day.

The cashier needs to remember that when he is not working, he must keep the money in a place inaccessible to prying eyes.

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How to work with a cash register in Russia: 5 simple rules for individual entrepreneurs + universal instructions for use.

In our era of total informatization of society, the state is doing everything to ensure maximum control over cash flows. This is typical for all countries of the world, and Russia is no exception.

However, you should not consider this unit solely as an expensive burden - working on a cash register and cash registers have a number of advantages for business. If, of course, you use it correctly.

For this, we will dedicate one of the sections of the article to instructions.

Legislators in 2016 introduced new norms and concepts in the field of CCP into Russian everyday life. The second part of the article is a brief overview of these legislative initiatives.

The reform is being carried out, as always, under the pretext of deregulation, but it incurs additional costs for businesses. Among them, for example, the mandatory use of a fiscal accumulator and an electronic check.

What is it and how work with the cash register according to the new system? All this requires clarification.

Background and instructions for working on a cash register

Nowadays, the question “how to work on a cash register or cash register” causes entrepreneurs a lot of indignation and complaints about unnecessary expenses. But they are installed all over the world, and there is no such resistance there.

So, after all, is CCP (cash register equipment) a punishment or an advantage?

Now it's hard to imagine, but initially cash registers, cash registers and cash registers were promoted by business, and the state resisted.

Officials at first were categorically against such incomprehensible innovations, although they gradually gave in, agreeing to make the KKT and KKM mandatory for everyone.

Since that time, working on a cash register has become part of the routine of any more or less large one.

1) KKT and KKM - where did they come from on our heads?

It should be noted here that the first mechanical analogues of cash registers and cash registers as a whole appeared back in 1875. Moreover, there is an exact date of "birth" of the first cash register - July 13, 1875, Massachusetts, USA.

David Brown, the “father” of all modern CCPs, acted as Papa Carlo, who “cut out” the mechanical first-born. He first applied his invention in 1879 in the main department store in New York.

KKT was a whole system, where work on the cash register gave rise to a new class or, rather, a new profession - the cashier.
There they not only counted buyers, but also sent goods on special hanging boxes.

Each cashier sat like a spider in the center of the "web" - these were the ropes along which these hanging boxes moved within the framework of a common giant cash register. The cash register was the main, but only part of the overall cash register system.

Agree, after such a description of the work of those cashiers, it’s somehow not good to complain about working with modern automatic systems.

Working on a cash register allowed to establish tight control over the cashiers contributed to the optimization of all processes in the store. These factors led to an increase in the profitability of the department store by almost a third.

Having learned about such a miracle device, and preventing the theft of employees, many wanted to get their own CCP.

However, due to the high cost, at first only large retail chains and only in the USA could introduce cash registers - as they were then officially called, cash registers, cash registers (in Russia, by the way, for some reason the name cash register equipment is accepted) .

However, after only a decade of work on cash registers, CCPs spread throughout the Old World, covering both sides of the Atlantic. Already not only large, but also smaller businesses used cashiers with cash registers.

Working on a cash register has become part of the cultural tradition in the West.

2) Working on a cash register in the twentieth century

The introduction of cash registers and cash registers began in the Russian Empire, but only in the twentieth century before the First World War itself, when working on a cash register was not very relevant (Revolution, you know).

A real cash boom happened only during the NEP period, and then in the 30s of the twentieth century, just before the Second World War, when 44 department stores were built throughout the Soviet Union.

But the war again prevented the introduction of CCP ... However, there was no business in the USSR, therefore we will not dwell on this in detail.

However, there was business in the West, and it felt quite good - CCP there received rapid development.

Work on the cash register improved every decade - cash registers became smaller and easier to use. Since the 1970s, the transition to electronic cash registers has begun.

Today in the history of KKT began a new round of development - the transition to Internet technologies. From now on, work on the cash register is carried out via the Internet. Even if you, as a buyer, do not feel the difference, progress does not stand still.

The global reform of the CCP began 10-15 years ago in developed countries, and in 2017 it finally reached Russia, where, however, it met with a wave of indignation from small businesses.

3) The main nuances of working on a cash register in modern Russia

Where does the indignation come from, if all over the world it was business that implemented such systems, and the state only provided support? Is working on a cash register turned out to be unbearable for Russians?

How do Russian entrepreneurs differ from Western ones?

First, the mentality.

It just so happened that post-Soviet entrepreneurs are inclined to conduct business not publicly and even illegally.

If it were not for the tough position of the government, then the voluntary introduction of CCP in Russia would not have happened.

This is, in fact, to run the state into your pocket so that it can find out exactly how much revenue you received.

Working on a cash register is equal to a "magnifying glass" - the state sees all your ins and outs and can tax it.

This is one reason for the indignation, which, however, was not particularly voiced by anyone, because it promised problems with the fiscals.

The second reason is that the state has shifted all responsibility (including financial) for reporting, maintenance and purchase of cash registers to business.

If for a large and medium-sized enterprise this is in the order of things, then for a small one, buying an expensive cash register and working on a cash register, paying for its maintenance and other things can become a very noticeable expense item.

Do not forget that the introduction of new cash registers in Russia coincided with the collapse of the ruble: After all, CCPs are imported (or with imported chips), which means that their prices have risen sharply.

At the same time, small business incomes have declined. Where to get money? Hence the resentment.

However, frustrated entrepreneurs are still forced to implement CCP, especially since the state nevertheless made some concessions and introduced the possibility of compensation for those (IP) who work on the Unified Imputed Income Tax (UTII), because popular anger has turned into ordinary grumbling on the kitchen.

How to work with a cash register in Russia?

As we said in the preamble of the article, we will devote a separate section to the legal features of the “cash reform” in Russia (everything there, as always, is not entirely clear, therefore it raises a lot of questions). For now, let's focus on the technical part.

So, a modern CCP should perform several functions, among which the most important is issuance of a check following the results of a commodity-money transaction.

Sending an SMS with a check to the buyer or other newfangled details does not change the essence of the CCP - making a purchase and fixing the cash flow between the store and the buyer (what money was paid and for what goods).

PS. Since 2003, how to work with a cash register in Russia has been regulated by Federal Law No. 54, which was supplemented with new rules in 2016: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_42359.

This introduced the concept of online cash desks, the essence of which is that now all cash desks must be connected to the Internet and instantly send up-to-date data to special centers for collecting fiscal information.

Previously, cash desks could work offline (out of the network), and all information had to be recorded on a special control tape (in fact, an internal check, for use by the store itself).

In new models of cash registers, this tape is replaced by a special unit - the so-called fiscal drive, where all information transmitted via the Internet will be duplicated.

This is necessary in case of interruptions with the Internet - the cash desk is turned off if there is no connection within 30 days.

Despite some innovations regarding the Internet, the principles of how to work with a cash register remain the same as they were in Federal Law No. 54.

As then, the legislation prescribes that all entrepreneurs working with cash or payment cards have a CCP (that is, in fact, for everyone).

Detailed instructions for working with a cash register

Entrepreneurs of the old school categorically oppose CCP, citing the fact that it is impossible to understand all these buttons without outside help.

However, the practice of their application since 2003 shows the opposite - mastering CCP is no more difficult than a modern mobile phone.

Rather, it is even simpler, since the set of operations in CCP is the same. As you know, the same set of actions is remembered very easily, forming muscle memory - the hands themselves will make the usual movements.

Earlier we wrote that CCPs are imported, therefore they are becoming more expensive, but this is not entirely true.

They may also be of domestic production, but the components in them are still foreign, so exchange rate fluctuations still affect the cost of CCP.

The first commandment of the future cashier is to read the instructions.

Only in our latitudes it is customary to first assemble the device without instructions, find “extra” details, and only then take up the study of the accompanying documentation.

All over the world start with a nested instruction - we will start with this.

1. When starting the machine...

Before the first launch, the cashier must perform several important actions:

Check the integrity of the CCP, all its blocks.

There are no unimportant details in the cash register, but nevertheless, maximum attention should be paid to the integrity of the block where the cash is stored, as well as the fiscal drive.

All cash register systems must work, then work on the cash register will become as automated as possible.

1. Then you need to check is the checkout cleared(zeroing is performed after each working day, when the daily proceeds are withdrawn from the cash register).
2. In parallel with this, you need to pay attention to the time and date in the CCP - whether they are set correctly.

You need to check all this by printing a zero check on the cash register, and preferably two.

This will not only help you check the date accurately, but also make it possible to check if the printing mechanism is working, if the ribbon is loaded, etc.

2. Turning on the cash register

If all the work with CCP is described step by step, then the instruction will be as follows:

1. Inspect the CCP visually for damage, whether all blocks are closed, etc.

Turn on the device: some CCP models have a button on the rear panel, while others have to turn the key on the front panel instead of pressing the button (to the “REG” position).

The result of these actions should be an included scoreboard with four zeros.

Checking cash registers - experts recommend checking the printing of checks and the operation of all systems before the start of the working day.

To do this, one or two blank checks are printed by pressing the "Payment" or "Cash" button with zeros on the scoreboard.

Everything, the CCP is turned on and ready to go. This algorithm is repeated every time the device is started.

3. How to serve a customer when working on a cash register?

With the cash register up and running, it's time to get down to customer service.

This process can also be shown as a short instruction:

If the cash register is equipped with a sensor for reading a barcode, information about the product will immediately enter the computer of the cash register.

If not, the cost and product/category code must be entered into the cash register manually.

1. If there are several goods, then all data must be entered in the CCP, as indicated in paragraph 1.
2. Click the "Payment" or "Cash" button to complete the purchase - this will open the CCP block where cash is stored.
3. Put the payment there or pay the customer change.

Modern cash registers also calculate the amount of change themselves: the cashier enters into the cash register not only the purchase amount, but also the amount received from the buyer, and the cash register itself determines the amount of change.

Modern cash registers are also connected to a bank terminal for reading payment cards.

In this case, the terminal can issue one or two checks (depending on the bank).

If there are two, you give one to the client, and leave the second at the enterprise for reporting along with the cash register.

4. Print a check (produced automatically) and give it to the client along with the goods.

A modern CCP is capable of performing a number of additional functions.

For example, the "%" button allows you to sell products at a discount. At the same time, the discount is determined automatically, which allows the cashier not to rack his brains over changing the price.

You just need to enter the original cost of the product, and then click on 5 (10 or 15 is the amount of your discount) and "%" - and you're done.

PS. It is important that discounts can be configured not only for individual products, but also for entire groups - shoes, products, spare parts.

4. Replacing the tape in the work with the cash register

The tape that your cash register turns into checks regularly ends. If your trading is brisk, then this can happen several times a day.

Such a situation, in fairness it should be noted, rarely happens - except perhaps in large retail chains with high traffic.

But even if you are a small individual entrepreneur, be sure that the tape in your cash register will end sooner or later. Working on a cash register assumes that you know how to change it.

Universal instructions for replacing the tape in the cash register (for more details, see the instructions for specific CCP models):

To understand that your tape is running out, you need to carefully look at the checks - a pink line is applied at the end of the roll.

If there was such a line on the last check, then it's time to replace the fly.

1. Print a new ribbon from the block.
2. Lift the CCP cover in the place where the tape is issued after purchase (most often there is a latch on the side, but on older models it does not lock in any way and simply rises up).
3. Pull out the old paper spool and put the new one in its place.
4. Separate the edge of the inserted tape from the reel and insert it into the CCP holder with the unwinding down.
5. Pull the edge of the tape, pulling it through the paper acceptor into the printer KKT.
6. Close and secure the lid of the CCP.

Press the "Up" or "B" key to rewind the tape a little.

So it will be better fixed in the cash register, and the very edge of the tape will appear from the slot that issues checks.

7. If excess paper is sticking out of your cash register, it is recommended to tear it off so that the edges of the check are even.
8. The old tape is not thrown away, but sealed and transferred to the responsible person, or directly to the director for reporting on CCP.

Despite the rather long description of 10 points, everything is quite simple and prosaic: I opened the lid, pulled out the old roll - inserted a new one, closed the lid.

Working on a cash register may seem complicated only at first glance - you just need to repeat this procedure a couple of times so that everything reaches the level of automatism.

The nuance is that it is practically impossible to replace the tape incorrectly - the device itself will “inform” you about this: either the lid will not close, or the paper will not come out where it needs to be, or the sensor inside the device will show “no paper”.

Just watch your device like a plastic pet that needs to be fed on time. Something like an old Tamagotchi toy.

How to work with a cash register in terms of legislation?

As we announced, the most difficult moment was left "for a snack" - the legal nuances of the use of cash registers in Russia.

First, let's answer the question - who can work for CCP.

Then we will describe the legislative innovations, and at the end we will summarize the estimate: how much does a cash register cost and how much will it cost to maintain it after the “modernization” of the legislation.

Answer #1. Who has access to the cash register legally?

To gain access to the cash register, all employees, except for the director, must conclude an agreement on full liability.

This should prevent theft and other adverse moments that may arise when working with money.

Such an agreement for working on a cash register, of course, is not needed by a business owner - an entrepreneur. He is already a responsible person from the point of view of the Federal Tax Service (FTS).

Important point- before opening the cash registers in the store, at the beginning of the working day, the director of the institution or an individual entrepreneur must start the cash register counter and open its drive.

You also need to print a reporting receipt, which shows the total amounts at the checkout for the last day. It is important to check his testimony with an audit trail.

All reporting information is entered into this journal at the end of the working day. The director is also required to accept used ribbon and other consumables.

All reports and, in general, all documentation related to CCP, are certified by the director or individual entrepreneur with his signature - only after that these papers acquire the status of an official document.

In addition, the legislation prescribes that the director / individual entrepreneur is obliged to:

• keep a cash book;
• draw up a new tape (enters in the journal the number of the cash register, the date the new tape was used, the testimony of the registrar);
• store spare cash and ink ribbons;
• issue keys for the drive to employees;
• store and give out tokens and small denominations under the report;
• and most importantly - at the end of the day to receive a cashier.

The cashier is obliged to accept the cash register and provide its elementary functions (customer service, replacement of tapes and issuance of proceeds at the end of the working day).

As you can see, the largest share of responsibility lies with the director and the responsible person (head of department), who will be responsible for receiving the proceeds and all operations with money and fixed assets of the enterprise.

Answer number 2. Innovations in work on the cash register in recent years

The main innovation in the legislative field of Russia in relation to cash registers is their transformation from the category of conventional cash registers (established by Federal Law No. 54 of 2003) into the category of “online cash registers” (the norm is introduced by Federal Law No. 290 of 2016).

This is done both as part of the "modernization" of the state's fiscal policy, the transfer to modern Internet technologies, and for tighter control over business in order to increase tax revenues to the treasury.

From now on, all information will be sent to the fiscal authorities instantly, via the Internet, which means that it is much more difficult to do any manipulations with revenue.

Law No. 290 came into force on July 15, 2016: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040160

In addition to the transition to modern technologies, he introduced another innovation - the concept of "fiscal data operator".

These are intermediaries between the Federal Tax Service and the entrepreneur himself, who receives and stores all the fiscal information coming from the individual entrepreneur.

Despite the fact that the law has already entered into force last summer, the state has compiled a "Roadmap" for business, which gives time and opportunity to prepare for new requirements.

Thus, the legislator has prepared the following stages for the introduction of innovations in the field of CCP:

How to work in new conditions with a cash register?

If you have been working for a long time and you already have a CCP, then you need to check with the manufacturer if your “native” machine can be upgraded. This can bring you some serious savings.

But here it is important to ask not only about the technical side of the issue - about "hardware", but also about "software" - software.

The fact is that not all manufacturers can provide suitable software approved by the Federal Tax Service.

If you are just starting a business and you need to purchase such a CCP, then immediately pay attention to the software (“firmware”) and the presence of elements such as a fiscal drive (older models had a tape).

Here you need to be careful not to unknowingly purchase a device that from 2018 will be unusable.

PS. Registration of a new / updated device is carried out through the website of the Federal Tax Service in the personal account of the OFD. That is, simply through the Internet - https://www.nalog.ru/rn77/ip/interest/kkt

To enter the office, a novice entrepreneur will need a qualified electronic signature (QES).

The Registrar (IP) becomes responsible for that particular machine. He can use it himself, or delegate this right through an agreement (we already mentioned this) to the responsible employee - the cashier.

Asking price...

The issue of upgrading CCP to new standards remains open - it all depends on the manufacturer.

But as for the acquisition of new equipment, then everything is more or less clear. At the current ruble exchange rate, the price of a cash register with an online cash desk function will cost from 18,000 to 32,000 rubles.

Why such a big difference? All because of the volumes: the more customers a CCP should serve per day, the more expensive it is.

By the way, the catalog of cash registers adapted to the new requirements is even on the website of the Federal Tax Service. It also contains data on the digital security of your data and other information.

By law, Every entrepreneur should have a cash register that performs operations with various types of money. Many mistakenly believe that it is quite difficult to use it and it will not work to master it on your own. To do this, you should familiarize yourself in detail with the use of at least one type of apparatus and you can safely work on all of them.

Those who have entered into a contractual relationship with the owner of the business on liability of a material nature can carry out activities with KKM. In addition to the contract, they are required to have experience working on this machine: correctly beat off checks and reset it.

It should be remembered that before starting the workflow, the director (head of the department) is required to carry out preparatory work: open the drive and the counter, punch the check and verify the punched amount received for the previous shift and reconcile with the cashier's records. The sums must match exactly.

The director's direct duties should include following:

1. Entry into the journal of accurate information, certification with your signature.
2. Issue the initial readings of the control tape (number, date and time of the start of the workflow, readings of the control register).
3. Release of the keys to the responsible employee.
4. Issuance of change money.
5. Timely provide workers with ribbons, coloring compositions.

Responsibilities of the employee, before starting the process at the KKM:

1. Checking the working condition.
2. Adjustment of time and date, check of KKM blocks for integrity.
3. Zero check.
4. Before starting the workflow, break through several zero checks to check the operation of the cash register.
5. At the end of the working day, hand over all cash to the senior cashier or director.

Operating principles depending on the type

The device is a very complex variety in technical electronic form. Some of its parts are considered integral. These include:

1. There are two types of monitor, for the cashier and for the person making purchases.
2. Box for collecting banknotes.
3. Tape block.
4. A printer.
5. Memory.

KKA has a device that transmits available information to the buyer. A monitor must be present, one is installed for the buyer so that he can see all the necessary information on the screen. Another is placed for the cashier.

Keyboard used to enter the desired amount of money. This affects the purpose of the cash desk, with its help the required amount is driven in and is reflected on the check. The device has a division of buttons by color, they are divided into several parts, where each one defines a specific group of goods.

Tape block refers to the necessary part, the direct purpose of which is to store all information, including the operations performed. The device is located inside the machine itself, there is no need to connect it separately.

Fiscal memory designed to record the masses of money that have passed through the cash register. They deal with the proceeds received on a daily basis and are reflected in the Z-report. Information is taken at the end of the work shift and stores all events with dates and detailed information for the hours worked.

Each KKM has bill collecting tray, which is an ordinary metal (plastic) box with several types of locks. One of the simplest options is an ordinary mechanical latch. However, a modern solution to the problem is an electromagnetic locking device.

The main task of the printer is to print a check. The cash desk prints them to the buyer and for reporting at the point of sale. For the buyer, the check serves as proof of purchase. Varieties of some cash registers print them for other documents, this is considered a good help in work.

It should be remembered that there are many varieties of cash registers and sizes of check tapes, if you use the wrong one, the cash register will quickly become unusable.

Exploitation

The first thing to do is to turn on the KKM in the network. Many of them have buttons on the panel on the back side, they are activated by turning the key to the REG position. If many zeros are displayed on the monitor, it indicates correct operation.

Subsequent activities take place in the following way:

1. Authorization. Many cash registers start their work when the cashier logs in. You must enter the service number, the password is required. Some varieties start working after using the special card. destination.
2. The calculation is carried out by entering the required amount. To do this, enter the correct value using the keys. Next, the button of the desired section is pressed (as a rule, they are divided into various divisions: for example, shoes, clothes, products, etc.). Some cash registers have the ability to read the barcode from the product, the required amount is beaten off on its own. Next, the button "Payment" or "Cash" is pressed, the purchase is made.
3. If there are discounts for a certain type of product, they are beaten off immediately at the checkout. You should enter the full price (without deducting certain percentages), select a category, print the amount and press%, the discount will be beaten off on its own.
4. If you need to recapture several products, you should dial the amount, press the desired department. You should beat off until all types of purchases are over, click the "Payment" button.
5. If you need to cancel a zero check, you should press the "Payment" or "Cash" button.

These are the general varieties of working with KKM, if necessary, find out the principle of operation of a particular machine, information can be found on the Internet, or trained in certain organizations.

In the shop

First of all, the employee is obliged to conclude an agreement on liability of a material nature. This is done to prevent theft of funds.

1. The work of a cashier always begins with the fact that it is necessary to refuel the car. A tape is inserted into the cash register, a special entry is made indicating the number, its type, date, exact time of inclusion, indications at the time the cashier entered work. After filling in all the data, the cash tape is certified by the senior cashier.
2. Next, you should check the accuracy of the date and time data. Many devices have the ability to independently store the necessary information. There are cash registers, which should be checked for accuracy of time and date before each shift, if necessary, set them.
3. Before starting the work process, check the ability of the device to work. To do this, zero checks are printed, they check the clarity of the print, the availability of all the necessary information. Trial checks should be kept until the end of the work and attached to the reporting documentation.
4. Next, the X-report is printed, it has an intermediate character and during its printing, the amount is not reset. During a work shift, such checks are printed several times. This is done to control the funds received by the cashier. They are printed out at the time of receipt of the proceeds. During the shift, you can beat off an uncountable number of checks, they do not affect the work, but they help to control the correct flow of funds.
5. X-reports can be taken by department, at the end of the work shift and to obtain the final result. They keep records of the excess or lack of finance in the cash register.
6. In case of breaking through an incorrect check, the correct one is re-knocked out, the wrong one is stored until the end of the shift. After closing and submitting a report for the day worked, it should be drawn up in a single document. Next, an act is drawn up, which indicates the type, model of the cash register, registration and manufacturer's number.
7. An act is drawn up indicating the check number and the broken amount. The check is pasted to the act, which is certified by the operator and the entrepreneur.

May happen. The reasons may be different: the product did not fit in color and style, has manufacturing defects, etc. This can only happen upon presentation of a check, the integrity of the product (the presence of a price tag on it, etc.).

In addition, there must be an amount punched in the cash register. An act on the return of goods is drawn up. It is written in free form. After correctly drawn up documents that are signed by the entrepreneur himself, the money for the goods can be returned.

At the end of the working day, an X-report is printed, which is performed to reconcile the cash register and the cash in it. After it, the Z-report breaks through, which resets all accepted funds for the shift. All information is automatically transferred from RAM to fiscal memory, the received revenue is reset to zero and it is closed.

Typical mistakes

There are standard errors that can lead to breakage of the CCM. These include:

1. Battery failure. This is a common reason why a machine fails. To eliminate such problems, one should carefully consider the KKM. It is best to charge in the off state, this will maximize the service life.
2. Using a charger not recommended by the manufacturer. To eliminate such causes, you need to use devices that allow the factory.
3. Incorrect tape loading. To eliminate the error, it is necessary to use only the tape that was recommended by the factory producing the cash register.
4. Liquid penetration. In the event of such a nuance, you should immediately turn off the device and contact the service center.
5. The auto cutter in the fiscal registrar broke down. This often happens due to the fault of the cashier, who sharply pulls the tape and loosely closes the covers of the registrar, as a result of which the blades strike.

Instructions for working with Frontol are presented below.

b online cash desks today does not say unless lazy. Experienced entrepreneurs share their experience of implementation and use with each other, newcomers to business learn about them for the first time. The all-seeing eye of the vigilant Ministry of Finance monitors the situation, timely clarifying the controversial points of Law 54 of the Federal Law. And we tell in simple terms - what online cash desks are, why and who needs them, what fines are provided for, and so on.

This article is needed primarily for those who first encountered the innovation of the authorities and began their activities in the new conditions. Reading the material will not hurt experienced businessmen either - after all, our government often changes the rules of the game right on the go and you may not have kept track of the next updates.

• repair shoes. You can safely change the soles of shoes and put heels on sandals - an online checkout is not required for this;
• pouring lemonade, kvass or other non-alcoholic drinks on the street from tanks and barrels;
• sell ice cream as part of a street trade;
• rent out a personal apartment, room or bed;
• engage in trade in spontaneous unsettled markets. There are fewer and fewer of them, but in some places they still come across;
• work on the securities market or issue loans to the public;
• are a religious organization. Well, everything is clear here - why should the state control someone who does not pay taxes?
• maintain a food plant at a school, kindergarten or lyceum;
• you are transporting passengers. Conductors in minibuses are also exempt from using a new type of CCP;
• work in hard-to-reach or remote areas of our vast country. Here it is necessary to clarify that even if you work behind the Ural mountain range, this does not exempt you from using new cash desks. The list of remote areas is included in the register of the government, if you find your area in this list, you can sleep peacefully. You will only dream of online cash registers. For example, for the Moscow region, this list looks like this.

For the rest of the entrepreneurs, the use of new-style cash registers is mandatory, and we continue. But first, let's recall who the government has obliged to use new cash registers.

Who does not need to use online cash registers

Who should use the new cash registers

• IP on a single tax on imputed income (UTII) or simplified taxation (STS);
• sellers of products subject to excise accounting;
• all online stores;
• all companies providing services of any direction;
• organizations on the PSN (patent system);
• entrepreneurs using strict reporting forms;
• everyone who already uses CCT.

What is an online checkout?

Everyone knows the cash register, even those who have never got up and will not take the path of entrepreneurship. This is a thing that prints checks on paper tape. This check is given to the buyer, and information about the purchase remains in the device's memory. At the end of the shift, the cashier or senior salesperson enters the data into a special Z-report. Do you remember the expression "to withdraw cash"? It's just about that.

At the end of the reporting period, the data is transferred to the Federal Tax Service - FTS. Thus, the state controls the profits of sellers. Based on the data, taxes are calculated. The expression "past the cash register" means bypassing all taxes. So it was before, before the era of the widespread use of the Internet and the emergence of online cash registers. The new rules exclude this phenomenon in principle. When using online cash registers, information about each purchase made automatically “flies” to the Federal Tax Service over the network. Instantly, without any involvement of the parties. True, this happens through an intermediary - the operator of fiscal data. It is also called OFD.

This is the first and most important difference between the cash desk of the new model and everything that was before.

In addition, the smart cash register can:

• print a new cash receipt. It displays a QR code, information about the seller and a link to the official website of the tax. Another difference between the new check and the old one is the obligatory indication of the name of the product;
• send an electronic version of the cash receipt to the buyer. Under the new law, the client has the right to demand an electronic version of the check from you. For non-compliance with this requirement, you will have to pay a fine, but more on that below. The buyer has the opportunity to download an electronic check to his mobile device;
• store a check in a special device - a fiscal drive. Sold separately or as part of the device.

A little about the fiscal data operator. He is engaged not only in the transfer of information to the tax office, but also for its storage. And it is the OFD that sends the electronic check to the buyer. All checks are stored on the operator's servers and are available for five years.

There is one subtlety that all entrepreneurs must be aware of - you can only work with a data operator accredited by the Federal Tax Service. A list of all of them is on the official website of the tax. Choose your region and watch. Again, for Moscow, it looks like this.

How and where to get a new type of CCP

There are two main ways to get an online cash register. The first is the purchase of new equipment. For a newly created business, this is the only option, except for buying a used cash register. The cost of the product starts at 18 thousand rubles. On sites like Avito and others, there is a large selection of used equipment. A completely live apparatus can be bought for 10 thousand rubles.

If you work using cash registers, do not rush to the store for new equipment. First, check if it is possible to upgrade your cash registers to the new requirements. To do this, invite representatives of the service department that services your cash registers. True, you need to take into account the nuance - often such an alteration is more expensive than the purchase of new equipment.

If you managed to convert the cash register to the requirements of the new tax law, re-register with the Federal Tax Service. The procedure is the same as registering a new cash register. And if this was not possible, remove it from the register by writing an appropriate application.

And the most important thing. You can only work with cash desks approved by the tax service. Therefore, it will not be superfluous to make sure that your cash desk is in the register published on the website of the Federal Tax Service. For Moscow registry.

We are starting with a new checkout. Registration in the tax

Having received an online cash desk, you need to register it with the tax authorities and only then start working. There are three ways to register:

1. Use the services of the site www.nalog.ru . You register on the portal, receive an electronic signature at a branch of the Ministry of Communications and register a cash register.

Advantages of the method: quickly and without leaving home.

Minuses- you will have to fork out for 1,500 rubles - this is how much an electronic signature costs on average.

2. Visit the tax office. After filling out the application and paying the state fee, the device will be registered. True, the Federal Tax Service will have to bring and show the cash desk itself - in fact, as before.

Advantages of registering with the tax office— free and secure.

Minuses- queues, bureaucracy, the dash is not there, the tick is not here - in general, you understand.

3. Turn to professionals. Many service centers have appeared on the service market, ready to take care of registering cash registers for a small fee. You pay for their work in the amount of about 1000 rubles and receive a full package of documents in your hands. This method is the most preferred. It takes little time, and the service center employee is responsible for all errors.

Life hack from : After purchasing the equipment and registering it, be sure to issue a tax deduction and return some of the costs to yourself. The average check when buying a turnkey cash desk is 25,000 rubles, which in itself is a lot. And if you consider that there are enough costs at the start of a business without it, then the savings will come in handy. True, the benefit applies only to those who have never worked with the use of CCP before.

Penalties for violating the law on online cash registers

And now about the unpleasant - for deviation from the requirements of the law, entrepreneurs face serious fines. The amount of punishment depends on the form of ownership (IP or LLC), the severity of the violation and other factors. For example, the punishment for repeated violations is aggravated many times over.

The worst idea is to work without an online cash desk at all. This threatens to confiscate up to 50 percent of sales, but not less than 10 thousand rubles, if we are talking about individual entrepreneurs. LLC will have to part with 30 thousand already, or up to 100 percent of sales. A repeated violation threatens to suspend the activity of the entrepreneur for up to three months.

Working with equipment that does not meet the requirements of the new law? Pay a fine of 3 thousand if you are an individual entrepreneur, and 10 if you are an LLC. For example, if your device is not included in the tax register.

An unsent electronic check also entails a fine. The amount is 10,000 rubles.

Note. The transition to the new CCP was accompanied by a boom in the cash registers themselves, fiscal drives and services of service centers. There were interruptions and delays that were not the fault of the entrepreneurs. Therefore, if you prove that you did everything to comply with the law, but still violated some point for reasons beyond your control, then no fine will be imposed. The Ministry of Finance wrote about this more than once.

Who and when is obliged to start working under the new rules

Now the last stage of the transition to online cash registers is being completed. Until June 30, 2018, everyone who uses the UTII and PSN system should start working with the new cash register. After this date, everyone will have to work under the new law. Recall how many stages the transition took place.

Everyone who again bought and registered a new cash register from February 2017 immediately started with online cash registers. It was from this moment that it became impossible to register an old-type device.

From July 1, 17, individual entrepreneurs and LLCs, which previously used cash registers, should equip their business with a new cash register.

Summing up

It is clear that the state will receive the main profit from the new law. The collection of taxes will increase, the number of shadow schemes will decrease. The burden on tax inspectors will be reduced - now, to check the organization, just click the mouse.

Oddly enough, many entrepreneurs also appreciated the benefits of introducing new rules of the game, and those who say the opposite simply do not see the forest for the trees. Your accountant or you yourself are now much less likely to visit the tax office. And the tax rarely happens to you. We have no doubt that most inspectors are nice and pleasant people, but their visit usually ended with the death of a certain number of nerve cells.

Dishonest competitors have lost their advantages. Gray schemes, double and triple bookkeeping - all this is now in the past. In addition, good expensive cash registers are easily integrated with the EGAIS system, allow you to analyze financial flows and do other useful things.

Those who started their business in the 90s note how much easier it is to work now. Previously, in order to register as an individual entrepreneur, you had to spend several days - standing in lines, enthusiastically carrying pieces of paper in the windows and waiting, waiting, waiting. Now this operation takes a couple of hours, or even less. And if you wish, you can get services without leaving your home at all and come only to pick up the finished documents.

Let's hope that the introduction of online cash registers will be another step towards the transition of document management to online. The less time and resources that paperwork takes, the more attention can be paid to improving the quality of customer service. And from this position, the new law is an exit to a qualitatively new level of doing business.

Gray schemes, double and triple bookkeeping - all this is now in the past