Common features of wild boar and wild. Wild and Kabanikha - the main features of petty tyranny

What are the characters in Ostrovsky's drama "The Thunderstorm" by Dikaya and Kabanikh? First of all, it should be said about their cruelty and heartlessness. Dikoy does not put in anything not only those around him, but even his relatives and friends. His household lives in constant fear before his anger. Kabanikha Dikoy behaves in the same way and mocks her nephew in every possible way. It is enough to remember his words: “Once I told you, two times I told you:“ Don't you dare to meet me halfway ”; you are itching to do everything! A little space for you? Wherever you go, here you are. Ugh, damn you! Why are you standing like a pillar! They say al no to you? "

Dikoy frankly shows that he does not respect his nephew at all. He puts himself above everyone else. And no one offers him the slightest resistance. Is it any wonder that Dikoy is becoming more and more convinced of the impunity of his actions, as a result he feels himself a full-fledged master of life?

Kudryash says: "This is such an institution in our merchants." He means that all the merchants of the city of Kalinov, and indeed of the whole of Russia, behave in a similar way. Kabanova, or Kabanikha, as her name is in the city, is no different from the Wild. Kabanova is hiding under the guise of piety. As Kuligin says about her: “Poor, sir! She clothe the beggars, but she ate the household altogether. " How false and hypocritical the joy of the wanderer Feklusha seems to be: “Bla-ale-pie, dear, blaalepie! Wonderful beauty! But what can we say! V the promised land live! And the merchants are all pious people, adorned with many virtues! By the generosity and alms of many! I'm so happy, so, mother, I'm so happy! For our failure to provide them with even more bounties, and especially the house of the Kabanovs. "

Can the merchant class be called a pious people? In no case, because in the work from the mouth of Kuligin one can clearly hear the exposure of the existence of representatives of the merchant class. People are mired in swagger, anger, debauchery and drunkenness. And they consider this to be the norm. The whole way of life in the city is such that it is simply impossible for an unfamiliar person to be there. It is no coincidence that Boris says that his mother could not be with her relatives even for several days. She was noble origin, therefore, the merchant orders did not suit her at all.
Dikoy and Kabanikha, on the one hand, can be called typical representatives of the Russian merchant class. After all, the way of life was the same everywhere, so there is nothing surprising in the fact that everyone had similar qualities and characteristics. The behavior of the Wild and the Kabanikha does not surprise anyone. Both Dikoy and Kabanova are at the head of their own family. That is why they dispose of others as they see fit.

On the one hand, we can state the fact that all Russian merchants of the 19th century. mired in vulgarity, cruelty and stupidity. But I immediately recall the story of Boris, whose father “married a noble,” that is, a woman of noble origin. But Boris's father was the brother of the Dikiy merchant. What does this mean? This suggests that even people who were born and raised in the same family could differ significantly from each other. Boris's father grew up in the same conditions as the merchant Dikoy. But nevertheless, he led a completely different life than his brother... This means that Dikoy, for all his similarity to other representatives of his class, still cannot be called typical.

The same can be said about Kabanova. She is the mother of the family, but at the same time she treats her family so much that maternal love and there can be no talk. She plagues with nagging and reproaches not only Katerina, who, in essence, is a stranger to her, but also her own son and daughter. Is it normal person will behave in a similar way? Probably not. Katerina's story about her childhood immediately comes to mind. The girl talks about her mother, who loved and cared for her very much. But Katerina's parents belonged to the same merchant class as Kabanova Katerina's mother had sensitivity, kindness and sincerely loved her children. And the Kabanikha is not capable of loving anyone.

Therefore, we can conclude that Dikiy and Kabanikh cannot be considered typical representatives of the merchant class. These characters in Ostrovsky's drama are distinguished by selfish inclinations, they think only of themselves. And even their own children seem to be a hindrance to some extent. Such an attitude cannot beautify people, which is why Dikoy and Kabanikha cause persistent negative emotions from readers.

All residents of this city can be conditionally divided into two groups: despots and those who obey them. The two most influential people of the city can be safely attributed to despots: Dikiy and Kabanova, whom everyone in the city calls Kabanikha. The names of these people say a lot about their characters. After all, it's not for nothing that no one (except Feklusha) calls Dikiy Savel Prokofievich, and Kabanikha - Martha Ignatievna.

Both Dikoy and Kabanikha feel like full-fledged owners in the city. All obey them: some willingly ("It's better to endure"), others not, but all their protests are expressed only in words ("We don't have enough guys to stand up for me, otherwise we would have taught him to be mischievous"). And that's why they do what they want, and no one dares to object to them.

The main feature that unites these merchants is the love of money. All relationships between people, in their opinion, are built on wealth. the same and Tikhon. Already on the list actors it is said about him that he is “her son,” that is, the son of Kabanikha. He really is more likely just the son of Kabanikha than a person. Tikhon has no willpower. The only desire of this person is to escape from the care of his mother in order to take a walk for the whole year. Tikhon is also unable to help Katerina. Both Boris and Tikhon leave her alone with their inner experiences.

If Kabanikha and Dikoy belong to the old way, Kuligin carries ideas of enlightenment, then Katerina is at a crossroads. Growing up and brought up in a patriarchal spirit, Katerina fully follows this lifestyle. Treason is considered unforgivable here, and, having betrayed her husband, Katerina sees this as a sin before God. But her character is naturally proud, independent and free. Her dream to fly means to break free from the rule of an oppressive mother-in-law and from the stuffy world of the Kabanovs' house. As a child, she once, offended by something, went to the Volga in the evening. The same protest is heard in her words, addressed to Vara: “And if it makes me very disgusted here, they won't hold me back by any force. I'll throw myself out the window, throw myself into the Volga. I don’t want to live here, I don’t want to, even though you cut me! ” In the soul of Katerina there is a struggle between the pangs of conscience and the desire for freedom. She does not know how to adapt to life, to be hypocritical and to pretend, as Kabanikha does, she does not know how to look at the world as easily as Varya.

The morals of the Kabanovs' house drive Katerina to suicide.

Having written "The Thunderstorm", A. N. Ostrovsky, as it were, included himself in a number of such writers as N. V. Gogol and M. Yu. Lermontov. He created another, his own model of the city, where the traditional way of life reigns. But unlike Gogol's city, Kalinov is shown by Ostrovsky ambiguously. On the one hand, there is beautiful nature ("The view is extraordinary! Beauty! The soul rejoices"), and on the other, the callousness of people, the ignorance that prevails in the city, anger and so on.

All residents of this city can be conditionally divided into two groups: despots and those who obey them. The two most influential people of the city can be safely attributed to despots: Dikiy and Kabanova, whom everyone in the city calls Kabanikha. The names of these people say a lot about their characters. After all, it's not for nothing that no one (except Feklusha) calls Dikiy Savel Pro-kofievich, and Kabanikha - Martha Ignatievna.

Both Dikoy and Kabanikha feel like full-fledged owners in the city. Everyone obeys them: some willingly (“It's better to endure”), others not, but all their protests are expressed only in words (“We have few guys to stand up for me, otherwise we would have taught him to be mischievous”). And that's why they do what they want, and no one dares to object to them.

The main feature that unites these merchants is the love of money. All relationships between people, in their opinion, are built on wealth. The wild boar is richer than the Wild, and therefore she is the only person in the city with whom the Wild should be polite. ("Well, don't let your throat go too far! You find it cheaper than me! And I'm dear to you!") Another feature that unites them is religiosity. But they perceive God not as someone who forgives, but as someone who can only punish.

But in order to better understand these characters, we will consider each separately. Savel Prokofievich Dikoy is a greedy and very rude person. He can be compared with Gogol's Plyushkin. He also trades literally for every penny. (“... But what will you order me to do with yourself when my heart is like that! After all, I know that I have to give it back, but I can't do everything good. You are my friend, and I must give it to you, but come with me ask - I will scold. ”) Dikoy does everything in his power to save more money... (“I will not pay them a penny per person, but I have thousands of this.”) But his main drawback is that he considers himself the same as everyone else. ("Well, what is it? Who cares for their own good?") Dikoy is very calculating. He will never allow himself to be rude to someone who is stronger and more powerful than him (“... you have been fighting with women all your life”). This is evidenced by the story with the hussar (Dikoy silently listened to how he was being scolded, and did not object).

The character of Kabanikha is a little different. It was formulated quite clearly by Kudryash; to Shapkin's statement “Kabanikha is also good,” he replies: “Well, she at least, at least, everything under the guise of piety” ... Kabanova, like no one else, reflects all the adherence of this city to the old traditions. (She teaches Katerina, Tikhon and others how to live in general and how to behave in a particular case.) Kabanova tries to seem a kind, sensitive, sincere, and most importantly, unhappy woman. He tries to justify his actions by age: “Mother is old, stupid; Well, and you, young people, smart, should not exact from us, fools, ”. But this statement sounds more like irony than a sincere confession. Kabanova considers herself the center of the universe, she cannot imagine what will happen to the whole world after her death.

In his work, Ostrovsky showed a city whose inhabitants are ignorant (they do not want to read books and learn anything, but they listen with pleasure to pilgrims who themselves have not been anywhere). They are alien to such concepts as love, friendship, mutual assistance. (“I’ll spend it, and it’ll be a penny for him.”) “But this world is not so serene. Katerina's protest, that is, her suicide, shakes their well-established quiet life.

And Katerina's departure from life is not accidental, because she was the only "ray of light in the dark kingdom."

Writings on literature: Wild and wild boar What are the characters in Ostrovsky's drama "The Thunderstorm" by the Wild and the Kabanikh? First of all, it should be said about their cruelty and heartlessness. Dikoy does not put in anything not only those around him, but even his relatives and friends. His household lives in constant fear of his anger. Kabanikha Dikoy behaves in the same way and mocks her nephew in every possible way. Suffice it to recall his words: "Once I told you, two told you:" Don't you dare to meet me halfway "; you are itching to do everything! Is there not enough space for you? Wherever you go, here you are.

Ugh, damn you! Why are you standing like a pillar! Are they telling you al no? " Does he feel like a full-fledged master of life? Kudryash says: “This is such an institution in our merchants.” He means that all merchants in the city of Kalinov, and indeed throughout Russia, behave in a similar way.

Kabanova, or Kabanikha, as her name is in the city, is no different from the Wild. Kabanova is hiding under the guise of piety. As Kuligin says about her: "Sanzha, sir! He closes the beggars, but ate the family altogether." How false and hypocritical the joy of the wanderer Feklusha seems to be: "Bla-ale-pie, dear, bla-alepie! Wonderful beauty! But what can we say! You live in the promised land!

And the merchants are all pious people, adorned with many virtues! By the generosity and alms of many! I'm so happy, so, mother, I'm so happy! For our failure to provide them with even more bounty will increase, and especially the house of the Kabanovs. "Can the merchant be called a pious people? In no case, because in the work from the lips of Kuligin one can clearly hear the revelation of the existence of representatives of the merchant class.

People are mired in swagger, anger, debauchery and drunkenness. And they consider this to be the norm. The whole way of life in the city is such that it is simply impossible for an unfamiliar person to be there. It is no coincidence that Boris says that his mother could not be with her relatives even for several days. She was of noble origin, so the merchant order did not suit her at all. Dikoy and Kabanikha, on the one hand, can be called typical representatives of the Russian merchant class. After all, the way of life was the same everywhere, so there is nothing surprising in the fact that everyone had similar qualities and characteristics. The behavior of the Wild and the Kabanikha does not surprise anyone.

Both Dikoy and Kabanova are at the head of their own family. That is why they dispose of others as they see fit. On the one hand, we can state the fact that all Russian merchants of the 19th century. mired in vulgarity, cruelty and stupidity. But I immediately recall the story of Boris, whose father "married a noble," that is, a woman of noble origin. But Boris's father was the brother of the Dikiy merchant. What does this mean? This suggests that even people who were born and raised in the same family could differ significantly from each other. Boris's father grew up in the same conditions as the merchant Dikoy.

But nevertheless, he led a completely different life than his own brother. This means that Dikoy, for all his similarity to other representatives of his class, still cannot be called typical. The same can be said about Kabanova. She is the mother of the family, but at the same time she treats her family so much that there can be no talk of any maternal love. She plagues with nagging and reproaches not only Katerina, who, in essence, is a stranger to her, but also her own son and daughter.

Would a normal person behave this way? Probably not. Katerina's story about her childhood immediately comes to mind. The girl talks about her mother, who loved and cared for her very much. But Katerina's parents belonged to the same merchant class as Kabanova Katerina's mother had sensitivity, kindness and sincerely loved her children.

And the Kabanikha is not capable of loving anyone. Therefore, we can conclude that Dikiy and Kabanikh cannot be considered typical representatives of the merchant class. These characters in Ostrovsky's drama are distinguished by selfish inclinations, they think only of themselves. And even their own children seem to be a hindrance to some extent. Such an attitude cannot beautify people, which is why Dikoy and Kabanikha evoke persistent negative emotions in readers.

"Thunderstorm" - play, peak mature creativity A.N. Ostrovsky, first published in 1859. The central problematics of this work is the opposition of archaic, acutely conservative beliefs ruling class, reflected mainly in the representatives of the old generation, and full of aspirations for freedom and independence in the views of the "new", progressive, still very young people. Story line drama develops around the "dark kingdom" of soulless and immoral residents of the city of Kalinov, whose entire existence is based primarily on ignorance, selfishness and, most importantly, unwillingness to change the usual way of life in any way own life... The most typical representatives of the "dark kingdom", its "tables", are Savel Prokofievich Dikoy and Martha Ignatieva Kabanova - one of the most selfish, powerful people in this provincial town.

The images of the Wild and the Kabanikha have a number of similarities, based primarily on the awareness of their own destiny and place in society.

In this work, the image of the Wild one serves to expose the true tyranny, consisting in no one and nothing justified willfulness, absolutely unlimited rudeness and even cruelty, which manifests itself not only in relation to unfamiliar, but even people close to him. One more distinctive feature Savl Prokofievich's character lies in his greed. Dikoy determines the attitude towards the people around him by social status, and therefore the constant humiliation of people lower in the material plane gradually turns from a desire into a daily need, the means of satisfying which is called tyranny. The character of the Wild is explained to some extent by his life values: pathological love of money based on constant multiplication equity capital, plays the main, leading role in his life.

At the same time, in the means of achieving his goal, Savel Prokofievich is not particularly selective: he counts out the townspeople, "will not disappoint a single one", quite calmly assumes the inheritance of his nephews. Such life priorities enslave the Wild: being extremely wealthy in material terms, he is weak spiritually, since he is far from feeling pity and compassion for anything.

In his views and convictions, the position of Dikiy is similar to the considerations of Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova, whose main ideology also consists in the absolute unquestioning obedience to the mores of this despotic woman. In this work, Kabanikhi appears before the reader in the image of a fierce supporter of conservatism, a hypocritical bigot, hiding under the external solicitude and sensitivity of the deepest indifference and desire to preserve his own authority in the eyes of society at all costs. In her character, as well as in the character of the Wild, the predominant quality is selfishness, which is explained primarily by the desire to assert herself in some way at the expense of belittling someone else's dignity. Kabanikha, like Savl Prokofievich, is also a hostage of her own willfulness and omnipotence, since "she is still a queen, she no longer controls this world." The despotism of Martha Kabanova, like the tyranny of Savl Prokofievich, has an all-encompassing character, the main reason which is the absence of any due resistance from the public. However, despite the striking similarity of the psychotypes of these characters, there is one rather significant difference between them. If Savel Prokofievich justifies his atrocities by having a high social status And if we do it openly, without a twinge of conscience, then Kabanikha uses the old orders of Domostroi as the basis for his atrocities, which characterizes her as a deceitful woman, unable to bear responsibility for the acts committed.

Thus, one of the main motives of this play is the exposure of the true foundations and customs of the ruling class of Russia at that time, the awareness of the impending religious crisis, reflected in the images of the residents of the city of Kalinov, and in particular Dikiy and Kabanikha.

Updated: 2018-01-18

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According to I. A. Goncharov, A. N. Ostrovsky "brought a whole library of works of art as a gift to literature, created his own special world for the stage." The world of Ostrovsky's works is amazing. He created characters large and solid, was able to emphasize comic or dramatic properties in them, to draw the reader's attention to the merits or vices of his heroes.

Special attention should be paid to the heroes of the play "Gro-za" - Savel Prokofievich Dikoy and Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova.

Savel Prokofievich Dikoy - merchant, significant person in the city of Kalinov. Eloquent characteristics are given to him by the heroes of the play. “He belongs everywhere. He's afraid that he is who! " - says Kudryash about him. Dikoy, in fact, does not recognize anything except his own will. He does not care about the thoughts and feelings of other people. To curse, humiliate, insult Savel Prokofievich is worth nothing. With those around him, he behaves as if he “broke loose”, and without this he “cannot breathe”. "... You are a worm," he says to Kuligi-well. - If I want - I will have mercy, if I want - I will crush ”.

The power of the Wild is the stronger, the weaker, the more weak-willed the person is. So Kudryash, for example, knows how to resist the Wild. “... He is the word, and I am ten; will spit, and will go. No, I will not become a slave to him, ”says Kudryash about his relationship with the merchant. Another person is the Dikiy's nephew, Boris. “Boris Grigorich made it to him as a sacrifice, and so he drives it,” others note. Wild is not embarrassed by the fact that Boris is an orphan and that he has no one closer to his uncle. The merchant realizes that the fate of his nephew is in his hands, and takes advantage of this. "Hunted down, hammered ...", - Boris says bitterly. The merchant is no less cruel to his workers: “No one here dares to utter a word about the sting; On someone else's slave labor and deceit, the shameless Dikoy makes his fortune: "... I will not pay them for some kopeck ... and I make up thousands of this ...". Anyway, sometimes he finds insight into the Wild, and he realizes that he is going too far: "After all, I already know that I have to give it back, but I can't do everything good."

Dikoy is a despot and a tyrant in his family, “his own people cannot please him in any way”, “when he is offended by such a person whom he does not dare to curse; hold on to your pets! "

The rich Kalinovskaya merchant's wife is not inferior to the Wild and Kabanikha. The boar is a prude, she does everything "under the guise of piety." Outwardly, she is very devout. However, as Kuligin notes, Kabanikha “clothe the beggars, but ate the family altogether”. Main object her tyranny is her own son Tikhon. As an adult, married man, he is completely in the power of his mother, does not have own opinion, afraid to contradict her. Kabanikha "builds" his relationship with his wife, she guides his every act, every word. Complete obedience is all she wants to see in her son. The power-hungry Kabanikha does not notice that under her oppression a cowardly, pitiful, weak-willed, irresponsible person has grown up. Having escaped for some time from under the supervision of his mother, he chokes on freedom and drinks, because he does not know how to use freedom in any other way. "... Not a step out of your will," he repeats to his mother, and "he thinks about how he can get out as soon as possible."

Kabanikha is jealous of his son's daughter-in-law, constantly reproaches him with Katerina, “he eats as a meal”. “I can see that I’m a hindrance to you,” she says to Tikhon. Kabanikha believes that the husband's wife should be afraid, precisely afraid, and not love or respect. In her opinion, the right relationship is built precisely on the suppression of one person by another, on humiliation, on lack of freedom. An indicator in this respect is the scene of Katerina's farewell to her husband, when all Tikhon's words addressed to his wife are just a repetition of Kabanikha's instigations.

If Tikhon, crushed by her, suffers from Kabanikha from childhood, then the life of such a dreamy, poetic and integral nature, like Katerina, in the house of a merchant's wife, and everything becomes unbearable. “It is all the same what I got married here, what they buried,” says Boris.

Constant pressure makes Kabanikha's daughter, Varvara, adapt. “Do what you want, as long as it is sewn and covered,” she says.

Assessing the images of the "masters of life", N. Dobro-lyubov shows Dikiy and Kabanikha as tyrants, with their "constant suspicion, nagging and captiousness." According to the critic, "Gro-za" is the most decisive work Ostrovsky "in this play" the mutual relations of tyranny and speechlessness are brought ... to the most tragic consequences ... ".