Official business style: examples. Official business style of document, speech

In order not to burden you with the rules of writing official business texts, let’s immediately look at a couple of examples. Example of business text 1. Postponement. So, business style- This is the environment of official relations. Therefore, the information richness of texts written in an official business style is very high, although difficult to understand.

Formal business style creating texts is not only a useful and necessary thing in Everyday life, but also profitable if you are engaged in copywriting. Such texts are now especially valuable, and customers pay good money for them.

This is relevant for everyone, since we live in a bureaucratic society, where the most strong word have business papers. Let's say you are a blogger and you have caught another blogger shamelessly stealing your content. Like any other writing style, the official business style has a number of characteristics unique to it.

Other examples of texts in business style

Mountains of letters come to you every day. Of course, it is in your best interests that these letters be as short as possible and outline the essence of the problem as clearly as possible. It doesn’t matter who writes the text - a diplomat or a carpenter, a professor or a janitor - individuality should not appear in an official business style.

And so on. In addition, the official business style involves the use of abbreviations and terms characteristic of the area in which it is used, without disclosing their meanings. The structure of a formal business style is often dictated by the types of documents in which this style is used.

Structure of the official text

Thank you very much, everything became clear right away) Even better than in the textbooks. If desired, it can be transferred to online stores, but the effect will not be the same. The essence of the technique is that a card with a selling description is placed on the display window near the product. Moreover, it is this technique that has become key in such areas as network marketing and financial pyramids.

Creativity in business speech

Its essence is that you find partners and invite them to recommend you and your products/services. Text for home page The site has always attracted special attention, both from SEO specialists and from web writers.

Once - for myself, when I got a job as head of the copywriting department at advertising agency, and the rest are for friends and acquaintances. A copywriter can either be a freelancer and work for himself, or work in a team office and receive a fixed salary.

Our management has reviewed your conditions and is ready to conclude an agreement of intent and, in the future, a cooperation agreement with you. In March of this year, our company entered into an agreement with you for the production and installation of plastic windows for office premises.

Now you can get acquainted with the rules. So, from the examples it is clear that the main rule of business text is to preserve business style. In a business text, it is unacceptable to use emotionally charged expressions and colloquial expressions. The first thing to remember when starting to write a business text in an official style is that your task is to summarize as briefly as possible the essence of what you want to write.

Business style, examples of which will be presented in this article, in one way or another concerns every member of society. It accompanies us in inevitable everyday communication with the state and public institutions. Business speech can be directed to a person as a citizen of his country. It comes from the state and is prescriptive and official in nature.

Examples from advertising are so far from it that only its original purpose remains in them. Accordingly, the first and second types indicated here diverge business speech. The process of formation of a literary language is alive. Regroupings are happening before our eyes.

Conversational style

The examples given above show that business style is a fairly broad concept. Based on the obligatory linguistic homogeneity of the variety literary language, then it should be recognized that business speech itself is only its official business type.

In business speech there is extreme minimization and, as a consequence, monotony linguistic means. Existence large quantity small genres business papers does not lead to their variation. The desire for specialization and isolation of business speech leads to easier handling of the laws of verbal control.

Journalistic style

This also affects name management to no lesser extent. Verbal nouns that saturate business speech are very often artificial in form, word-formation model, and meaning. There are no such words and such meanings in explanatory dictionaries modern Russian literary language. Adjectives can also be artificial. Official business style - functional style speech, a means of communication (usually written), in the field of business relations: in the field of legal relations and management.

Art style

Among the bookish styles of the language, the official business style stands out for its relative stability and isolation. Therefore all those speech clichés, which simplify and speed up business communication, are quite appropriate in it. Official business style is the style of documents: international treaties, government acts, legal laws, regulations, charters, instructions, official correspondence, business papers, etc.

But don’t think that such a business style was not used at all before. There have been examples in the past. Examples of documents of this type of official business style include the following excerpts. For texts in a business style, it is customary to use certain words, which is clearly visible in all the examples given. In conclusion, it should be noted that the official business style is one of the most insidious. The text of an official business style should be as concise as possible: everything is clear, specific, and to the point.

Official business style in the system of book-written type of speech. Typological features.

Sub-styles: official-documentary, everyday-business.

Business letter. Standardization, unification. Stamps, cliches.

Classification of business letters. Composition of a business letter. Categories Requisites.

Optional components of business writing.

Innovation in Business Writing

The official business style serves legal relations between citizens and the state and is used in various documents - from government acts and international treaties to business correspondence.

The most important functions of this style are message and impact. They are implemented in such official documents as laws, regulations, decrees, orders, contracts, agreements, business correspondence, statements, receipts, etc. This style is also called administrative, since it serves the sphere of official, business relations, the field of law and public policy . Another name for it is business speech. This name indicates that this style is the most ancient of book styles, its origins are in the business speech of the era of the Kievan state, in which legal documents (agreements, “Russian Truth”, various charters) were created already in the 10th century.

The official business style stands out among other book styles for its stability, isolation and standardization. Despite the wide variety of business documents, their language is strictly subject to the requirements of official business presentation: the accuracy of the wording of legal norms and the need for absolute adequacy of their understanding, the composition of the mandatory elements of document design that ensure its legal validity, the standardized nature of presentation, stable forms of arrangement of material in a certain logical sequences, etc.

For all forms of business writing, strict compliance with the literary norm is required at all language levels: the use of lexical and phraseological means of a colloquial, colloquial nature, dialect, professional slang words is unacceptable; non-literary variants of inflection and word formation; conversational syntactic constructions. The official business style does not accept expressive elements: evaluative vocabulary, high or low words (joking, ironic), figurative expressions. The most important requirement for the language of a document is objectivity and “dispassionateness” in the presentation of facts.

The official business style operates primarily in written form, but its oral form is not excluded - speeches by government officials and public figures at ceremonial meetings, sessions, receptions. The oral form of business speech is characterized by full style pronunciation, special expressiveness of intonation, logical stress. The speaker can allow a certain emotional elevation of speech, even interspersing foreign-style language means, without, however, violating the literary norm. Incorrect accents and unliterary pronunciation are unacceptable.

Depending on the scope of use, the official business style is divided into substyles: 1) diplomatic, implemented in the texts of communiqués, notes, conventions, memorandums, and international agreements; 2) legislative (legal), presented in the texts of the law, constitution, decree, charter, civil and criminal acts; 3) administrative and clerical, used in office correspondence, in administrative acts, orders, contracts, various documentation (applications, powers of attorney, autobiographies, receipts, characteristics, protocols, etc.).

For vocabulary official speech characterized by the widespread use of thematically determined special words and terms (legal, diplomatic, military, accounting, sports, etc.).

The desire for brevity leads to the use of abbreviations and complex abbreviated names government agencies, institutions, organizations, societies, parties, etc. (Security Council, Airborne Forces, Ministry of Emergency Situations, Air Force, Research Institute, DEZ, LDPR, YAZ, PE, CIS, GVMU RF Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Health), as well as reductions (illiquid assets, cash (black), federal, etc.). As can be seen from the examples, there are many new words among them; this part of the vocabulary is constantly updated and replenished.

Business texts are distinguished by the use of words and expressions that are not accepted in other styles ( the above, the following, the above, proper, prohibited, preventive measure, deed, punishability and so on.). These include stable phrases: cassation appeal, civil status act, act of disobedience, recognizance not to leave, etc. Regular use of such words and expressions, which do not have synonyms, contributes to the accuracy of speech and eliminates misinterpretations.

Morphological features official business speech are determined to a large extent by its nominal character: there is an absolute predominance of names with little use of verbs.

The inappropriateness of the expressive coloring of official speech makes it impossible to use interjections, modal words, a number of particles, words with suffixes of subjective assessment, adjectives in comparative and superlatives. Nouns denoting positions are usually used in the masculine form ( accountant, director, laboratory assistant, postman, controller and etc.).

The high frequency of verbal nouns is a consequence of the consolidation of stable figures of speech (synonymous with verbal expressions): the procedure for drawing up and executing a transportation plan in order to improve the procedure for collecting taxes. In such figures of speech, a “chain” of genitive case forms of nouns often appears ( clarification of the conditions for committing a crime; checking compliance with passport regulations), which gives the phrase heaviness and sometimes makes it difficult to perceive such phrases.

Adjectives and participles in business speech are often used in the meaning of nouns ( sick, resting, the undersigned), productive short forms adjectives ( must, obligated, obligatory, necessary, accountable, jurisdictional, responsible). Addressing them is dictated by the prescriptive nature of business speech ( Calling experts is mandatory to establish the cause of death- Code of Criminal Procedure).

The selection of pronouns in business speech is indicative: personal pronouns are not used here me, you, he, she, they(due to the complete lack of individualization of speech, specificity, accuracy of the statement). Instead of demonstrative pronouns ( this, that, such etc.) words are used given, present, corresponding, known, indicated, above, below etc. They are not used at all in business speech indefinite pronouns (someone, some, something and so on.).

To characterize verbs in official speech, its nominal structure is also important: this determines the high frequency of linking verbs ( is, becomes, is realized), replacement verb predicate combination of an auxiliary verb with a noun naming an action ( provide assistance, control, care etc.). In comparison with other book styles, business has the lowest frequency of verbs: for every thousand words it is equal to 60, while in scientific style it is 90, and in artistic speech - 151. The prescriptive nature of the official business style, the predominance in it of stating, descriptive types of speech over narration, reasoning determine its static nature, the displacement of verbal forms by verbal nouns.

Among the semantic groups of verbs presented in this style are the main role is assigned to words with the meaning of obligation: follows, must, imputes, undertakes and abstract verbs indicating being, presence: is, is. For example:

Persons who were in constant care and maintenance are obliged to provide maintenance to the persons who actually raised them, if the latter are disabled and in need of help and cannot receive maintenance from their children or spouses.

In official speech, impersonal forms of verbs are more common - participles, gerunds, infinitives, which especially often appear in the imperative mood ( take note, make a proposal, recommend, withdraw from use etc.).

The present tense forms of the verb perform the function of a prescription: Enterprises are responsible for...; The tenant is responsible for the property(such verb forms of time are called “present instructions”).

The forms of the future tense acquire different shades in the context (obligation, prescription, possibility, close to necessity): The borders will be the same as they existed on October 1, 1941. (that is, established by agreement - “International Law”, vol. I); The military command will allocate...(i.e. it will have to highlight. - “International Law”, vol. III). Another meaning of the future, typical of business texts, is the conditional (unreal) future, usually used in complex sentences with a conditional clause: Sum insured paid if within a year... permanent loss of ability to work occurs.

The functioning of past tense forms is completely consistent with the tasks of business speech. One of its typical meanings here is the past of an emphasized statement, a clearly expressed fixation of what is being communicated in writing (establishment, agreement, etc.): Finland confirms that it has returned the region to the USSR...(“International Law”, vol. I); We, the undersigned commission... inspected, measured for a sample, compared the drawings and accepted the single-apartment panel house(Act).

Verbs of the imperfect form, as more abstract in meaning than verbs of the perfect form, predominate in the genres of business speech more general(constitution, codes, charters, etc.). Perfective forms are used in texts with more specific content (orders, instructions, minutes of meetings, resolutions, acts, contracts). They are used in combination with modal words in the sense of obligation and express a categorical order, permission ( must inform, has the right to prescribe, is obliged to convey, obliges to provide), as well as the statement ( The Ministry considered, took measures, made a proposal; organized, paid, completed etc.).

Syntax official business style reflects the impersonal nature of speech ( Complaints are submitted to the prosecutor; Cargo transportation is carried out). In this regard, passive constructions are widely used, which allow one to abstract from specific performers and focus on the actions themselves (By the competition was accepted... 10 patients were accepted; 120 applications registered; The order fulfillment period is extended subject to...).

Syntactic constructions in official speech are full of clichéd phrases with denominative prepositions: for the purpose of, in connection with, through, on the basis of and etc. ( in order to improve the structure; in connection with these complications; through cooperation and mutual assistance; based on the decision made). These syntactic clichés - specific trait formal business style. The use of such syntactic constructions is necessary to express typical situations. They make it easier and simpler to compile standard texts.

In official business documents, coordinating conjunctions are more common than subordinating conjunctions ( the law, the charter prescribes, but does not explain, proves). In the same time characteristic feature business speech is predominant complex sentences: A simple sentence cannot reflect the sequence of facts to be considered in an official business plan.

Conditional infinitive constructions play a large role in the syntax of official business style (especially in the texts of laws, where this is motivated by the target task - to stipulate the conditionality of the legal norm). A characteristic feature of business speech is also the use of infinitives and impersonal offers with the meaning of obligation.

In order to achieve laconicism and accuracy in a business style, parallel syntactic constructions (participial and participial phrases, constructions with verbal nouns).

Business style syntax is characterized by a strict and specific word order in a sentence. This is caused by the requirement of logic, consistency, and accuracy of presentation of thoughts in business texts.

Stylistic feature business speech is also the predominant use of indirect speech. Direct speech in an official business style is resorted to only in cases where verbatim quotation of legislative acts and other documents is necessary.

In the design of texts in an official business style, paragraph division and rubrication play an important role, details are permanent elements of the content of the document: names, dates, signatures, as well as the graphic design adopted for this document. All this is of paramount importance in office work and testifies to the literacy of the document compiler, his professionalism and culture.

Here are examples of some common business documents for which graphic design is fixed by the standard.

Statement

I ask you to allow me to take the exams for the second year ahead of schedule, since during the exam session I will be working at the Moscow International Book Fair.

Power of attorney

I, Yulia Dmitrievna Davydova, live in Moscow on the street. Shirokaya, building 5, apt. 25, I trust Ivan Vasilyevich Petrov, who lives on the street. Yeniseiskaya, building 2, apt. 8, passport series ___ No. ___, issued by whom and when, receive the salary due to me for March 2000.

Signature of Davydova Yu.D. verified

Clerk of DEZ No. 53

(date) (stamp) (signature)

Receipt

I, Raisa Lavrentievna Zhuravleva, a librarian, received two (2) pairs of skates from the Spartak sports society for the entire winter season. December 5, 1999

(signature)

Memorandum

I am informing you that you need to buy new visual aids in physical geography. Please allocate the amount of money (____) required to purchase these visual aids.

(signature)

Business trip report

On the instructions of the Russian language department Faculty of Philology from November 25 to December 1, 1999, I was on a business trip to Moscow, where I studied materials in the State Historical Archive and studied in Russian Library them. IN AND. Lenin. I have done the following work: collected archival materials and compiled a bibliography of scientific articles necessary for my work on my dissertation.

Graduate student__________(signature)

Topic 11. SCIENTIFIC STYLE

Scientific style in the system of book-written type of speech.

Typological features.

Substyles: actual scientific, popular science, scientific and educational, scientific and business.

Lexico-grammatical features of scientific style.

Metaphor, comparison and personification in scientific speech

16Apr

Hello! In this article we will talk about business letters.

Today you will learn:

1. Why business correspondence has not lost its relevance;
2. What types of business letters are there and how they are formatted;
3. How to write correctly business letter.

Now outside our windows is time high technology and the Internet. But business correspondence has not lost its importance and relevance, it has simply moved to other media. Let's talk today about why it is important to be able to compose and format business letters.

Why do you need business correspondence?

First of all, this is an opportunity to exchange opinions, suggestions and thoughts with employees or business partners. With the help of correspondence, they state complaints, requests, and clarify misunderstandings between companies.

Business correspondence is one of the types of official correspondence.

Differences between business letters and others

The main differences are as follows:

• Stylistics of presentation;
• Vocabulary that does not allow clear expression of emotions;
• Done on the official letterhead of the company;
• The font is not too small, but not large either, and is the same throughout the text;
• Rarely occupy more than 1 page;
• Presence of strict official chain of command.

Types of business letters

All business letters can be divided into several groups. We will dwell on each in more detail and give a brief description.

Letters that do not need to be answered.

• Letter of guarantee;
• Accompanying;
• Informational;
• Warning letter;
• Reminder letter.

Letters that require a response.

• Appeal;
• Offer;
• Request;
• Requirement;
• Petition.

Non-commercial letters.

• Invitation letter;
• Letters expressing condolences;
• Letters expressing gratitude;
• Letters informing about something;
• Letters containing recommendations;
• Letters of guarantee;
• Letters confirming that the goods have been received, the service has been provided, and so on;
• Letters of congratulations on various occasions;
• Letter of request;
• Letters of instructions;
• Covering letters.

Commercial letters.

They are usually used before entering into an agreement, as well as during the validity of the contract.

These include:

• Letters responding to inquiries;
• Direct request;
• – a letter in which it is proposed to make a transaction or conclude an agreement;
• Claim;
• Reminder;
• A letter containing a warning about the termination of agreements or the need to fulfill obligations, etc.

If we talk about classification by structure, there are 2 types of business letters:

• Containing the author's text and written in free form;
• Compiled according to a strict pattern.

By addressee.

• Circular – a letter that is sent to several addressees;
• Regular – sent to one recipient on behalf of one person;
• Collective – sent to one recipient, but from several persons.

Letters are also divided according to the form in which they were sent:

• Sent as a fax message;
• Sent by email;
• Those sent in regular envelopes.

There are types of letters that, for ethical reasons, should be handwritten rather than typed. This applies to condolences and congratulations.

Secrets of proper design

The text of the letter is divided into introductory, main and final parts. They are logically connected to each other. The introductory part includes the circumstances that led to the creation of the letter, and the main part represents the content itself. The final part summarizes the results, which express the request, refusal, etc.

At all, business correspondence With all responsibility, it can be called an art, because to conduct it correctly, in compliance with all requirements, you need to learn. After all, most often we only think about the information being presented clearly, and we forget about the fact that the letter can be considered the face of the company.

Stylistics.

Each letter is kept in a strict business style, using means of speech characteristic of official documents.

Requirements for presentation of information.

All information contained in the letter is presented as follows:

• Addressed, intended for a specific person;
• All information must be current as of the date of writing;
• Reliable;
• Impartially;
• Reasoned;
• As completely as possible, so that a decision can be made based on it.

Form.

First of all, the letter is drawn up on letterhead that is proprietary to the company.

• To write a business letter, A4 size sheets are used;
• The left margin of the form must be at least 3 cm, since after some time they will be sent to the file;
• The name of the company, its legal and actual address, and email address are indicated;
• It's better to use a standard font Times New Roman, size 12. It is the most optimal and is well perceived when reading;
• It is allowed to draw up business letters without using a letterhead, but then you still need to provide the information from the form.

If in a letter we're talking about about major transactions related to finance or confidential information of another nature, send such letters by fax or in electronic format Not recommended. It’s better the old fashioned way, in a regular paper envelope.

Numbering.

If the letter consists of several pages, then they are numbered starting from the second. Numbers are placed at the top in the middle Arabic numerals. There are no dots next to the number.

Division into parts.

This means dividing the letter into paragraphs. The text should not flow in a continuous stream, otherwise it simply will not be perceived. Thanks to the division into paragraphs, you can see where one thought ends and another begins.

Availability of fixes.

It is not advisable to allow corrections, typos, or erasures. The letter must be written correctly, and the text must be printed at intervals of 1.5 - 2.

Details used.

We will indicate only the main ones, since we already briefly talked about them a little earlier:

• If the enterprise is state-owned, the Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation is used. It is located in the middle of the official form;
• Full company name;
• Fax and telephone numbers;
• Bank account number;
• Addressee - and the name of the recipient company is used in the nominative case; to indicate the position and surname of the recipient, use the dative case;
• If the recipient has an academic degree or title, indicate it before the person’s last name;
• Any details are written on a new line and with a capital letter.

Business letter after a meeting

You held a business meeting, there was some prospect for. We will discuss further how to reflect this in a letter.

1. First of all, at the beginning of the letter, refer to the date and time of your communication with your potential partner, even if a couple of days have passed since the meeting.
2. Avoid mistakes or overly complex phrases: keep the letter short and clear, but in such a way that the recipient will want to read it.
3. Mention what the conversation was about. Eg: " We discussed how much a Venetian-style vase would cost.”
4. Make sure that the recipient of the letter expresses his/her opinion on the topic of the meeting.
5. Indicate a time when you can communicate by phone or meet in person.
6. Let the recipient know that you are looking forward to working with him: “ I hope for further business relationship with you«.
7. End your letter with the following or similar phrase: “ WITH Best wishes to you...».

Electronic business letters

It is impossible to ignore the requirements for their design, since now more and more letters are issued in electronic form rather than in paper form. After all, it’s the 21st century.

Prepare an email business letter a lot of work does not compile; the formatting requirements are identical to traditional letters. The only thing is that such a letter should always have a title (or subject line) so that it simply does not get lost in the flow of documentation.

In addition, when such a letter is answered, it is better not to change the subject of the letter, so you will quickly understand what is being said if you receive a lot of emails.

Also, you should not use state-of-the-art software when creating attachments to such letters; it is far from a fact that your recipient has the same. If it is not there, the letter simply will not open.

Don't use emoticons when writing a business letter electronically. Technology is great, but keep it business-like when writing.

What is the deadline for replying to a letter?

If the letter is classified as requiring a response, then when to respond depends on the information contained in the letter:

• If you receive a request, please confirm that it has been received within the next three days of receipt. And the final answer can be given within a month;
• If we are talking about condolences, it can be sent within ten days after the sad event happened;
• It is permissible to send congratulations within 8 days from the moment you learned about the special date;
• If we talk about general rules good manners, it is better to respond to letters within seven days.

How to write a business letter: in simple language about complex things

Distinguish between a business letter and personal correspondence. We have already talked more than once today about what these differences are, we should not forget about them. Now let’s look at writing a letter step by step.

Stage 1. We indicate the addressee.

In the upper right corner of the form we write the surname, initials and position of the person to whom we are addressing the letter. If the addressee is an organization, indicate its legal address.

Stage 2. Appeal.

We place it in the middle of the form. It is carried out in a respectful manner, without abbreviations or erasures.

Example: Dear (name, patronymic)! Also, the addressee can be addressed by indicating his position. But when you address a person by name, it reduces psychological stress and indicates that the business relationship is stable and established.

Stage 3. Statement of purpose.

Explain the purpose of the letter, its essence and main ideas. This part is the main one. Write about what you want to say, what is the reason for your appeal. But do not forget about the official and neutral style.

Stage 4. Making proposals and recommendations.

Almost any business letter implies that the addressee will respond to it. This is generally not required only by letters of an informational nature. Therefore, do not just describe the problem, but also suggest how it can be solved.

If you file a complaint, ask for certain measures to be taken; if you offer to cooperate, tell us what options are available.

Simply put, the one who receives the letter must see that they not only want something from him, but also understand how this can be accomplished.

How to end a business letter

A business letter must be written perfectly. If writing rules are not followed, it can negatively affect the company's reputation as a whole. Therefore, we now propose to dwell in more detail on the design of the final part of a business letter.

At the end of the letter, summarize everything that was discussed earlier. But you shouldn’t stretch your conclusions into 10 sentences; after all, brevity and conciseness are valued in business letters. It's better to limit yourself to simple phrases.

We will base the ending on 2 indicators: it should be as polite and correct as possible. There are different options for how to build it.

Here are some examples:

• Thank you for your attention or help: Thank you! (Let me thank you...);
• Express your hopes for the future: We hope for mutually beneficial cooperation (We hope to receive a response in the near future...);
• You can construct a phrase to assure the addressee of something: We would be glad to cooperate with you;
• Make a request: We ask you to report the results;
• Apologize for any inconvenience caused: I apologize for the unexpected delay in payment for the material.

How to say goodbye to the recipient.

Despite the fact that the correspondence is official, you can say goodbye in different ways.

Here are a few options:

• With respect to you...;
• With wishes of success...;
• Best wishes…

We sign correctly.

When signing the letter, indicate your position, first and last name. If you doubt the appropriateness of a phrase like: “ Yours sincerely" - just don't use it.

You can indicate your contacts, additional phone number or email address in the signature, so you demonstrate to the recipient that you are ready to communicate and cooperate with him.

In the next part of our article I would like to talk about business letters in English.

Business letters in English

There is no regulated form for composing such letters. Everything will depend on the purpose of the letter and who its addressee is. Here are some brief recommendations for drafting.

Date of writing.

If we are writing in the USA, then when indicating the date we put the month first, then the day and only then the year. If to the UK, the date is entered as in the Russian Federation. In this case, write the month in letters to avoid confusion.

Recipient details.

• If you write to a man, contact him like this: Mr (insert last name);
• If a woman who is married: Mrs (insert last name);
• To an unmarried lady: Miss (indicate last name);
• If you don't know the lady's status: Ms (insert last name).

Specifying the address.

The order is the opposite of that accepted in the Russian Federation: office, house number, street name, zip code, state name (if writing in the USA), county name and country name (if writing in the UK).

How to contact the recipient.

Standard calls:

• Dear Madam;
• Dear Sir;
• Dear Sir or Madam;
• Dear Mrs;
• Dear.

After the address we put a comma (if writing to the UK) or a colon (if writing to the USA). It is not customary to put an exclamation mark.

Subject.

Be sure to indicate the subject of the letter, just like in the Russian Federation.

Main text.

Divide it into paragraphs. Or write each sentence on a new line.

How to say goodbye.

For example, like this: “ Thanking you for assistance, we remain Yours truly"– Thank you, my devoted one..., although perhaps less formally.

Signature registration.

We put our signature under the farewell paragraph, indicate our first and last name, company name and position.

Design of applications.

If you are enclosing any documents, please indicate this at the end of the letter: “ Enc." and list applications.

What to write with a capital letter.

• Last names and initials;
• Company names;
• Names of cities, states, etc.;
• Any words that indicate the position held;
• The first words in farewell;
• Opening addresses.

Before we end the conversation, here are some examples of business letters in Russian and English.

Samples of business letters in Russian and English

Conclusion

To summarize, I would like to say that a business letter is a tool for communication in any field of activity. If it is written correctly, it will definitely present your company in a positive light.

On the other hand, a letter written sloppily and with errors can completely destroy the most promising business. Write letters correctly, and we tried to tell you how to do it.

Business text style. Character traits formal vocabulary. Formal correspondence style. Features, examples. What are the differences between the business format of text and speech and the colloquial or literary format? Samples, letter templates (10+)

Business style writing text

the main objective business language- accurately and clearly convey the meaning of what was said to the interlocutor or reader. Everything else is secondary. The formal text should be clear and easy to read. There is no point in striving for the beauty of a formal text, it’s not piece of art. Not everyone can write a beautiful business text, and there is no point in it.

Examples of documents in business style

Don't strive for brevity. Brevity is only useful in addition to being informative and readable. If you need to write a few more lines to accurately understand the meaning, be sure to write them. Imagine a person who will read your text. Look at the text through his eyes. Make the text easy for that person to read. Think about what questions the reader might have, what explanations you would need if you were in his place. Apply everything at once necessary materials and give the necessary explanations.

If the official text is of sufficient volume, it makes sense to make appendices. State the essence of the issue in the main text, and provide justifications in the appendices. This text is much easier to read.

We write official texts in order to receive or achieve something from someone. When starting to write, focus on your goal, make the text so that it leads to it by the shortest route. Then the text will turn out good.

When starting to write official text, clearly formulate the purpose, with which you are writing a document, and write this goal on paper (type it on the computer) so that it (the goal) is before your eyes. Keep your goal in mind at all times. Don't go off topic. You need to add into your document only what is necessary to achieve the purpose for which this document was written. Don't need any lyrical digressions, calls, slogans, jokes and other lexical noise.

In official texts, displays of emotion are inappropriate and detrimental to quality. For example, it is quite acceptable to write like this: “I was unpleasantly surprised that your manager did not provide me with a discount as a regular customer.” Here you are saying that you reasonably expected a discount and did not receive it. But you shouldn’t write like this: “Yesterday I visited your store and asked the manager for a discount. But he didn’t give it to me. I was so upset that I didn’t sleep all night. This is such stress for me.”

Do not confuse the official style of writing with legal, journalistic, literary and others. Completely different requirements and canons have been developed for them. Don't mix styles. For reference, this text is written in a journalistic style. Examples of documents in official business style are at the end of the article.

Pronouns

When using pronouns, remember the rule that masculine pronouns ("he", "which", ...) can replace a masculine noun that was used in the text last, pronouns female("she", "which", ...) can be replaced by the last feminine noun, and neuter pronouns ("it", "which", ...) - by the last neuter noun. Pronouns plural must refer to the last listed objects.

For example: Barack Obama and his wife represent perfect couple. They are black. He is a successful politician, she is an activist of green technologies, cultivating an ecological garden bed, which she laid out in front of the White House.

But it’s not worth writing like this: Barack Obama, his wife and their dog usually walk together. They make the perfect couple (probably with a dog). He is a successful politician, she (probably a dog) is an activist of green technologies, cultivating an ecological garden.

Third person pronouns should not be overused in official texts, as they make reading difficult in any case (remember main goal text). Better once again use a noun or abbreviation. Do not be afraid to repeat words if it is necessary for correct and quick understanding of the text.

The pronoun "You" is in some cases written with a capital letter, and in others - with a small letter. It is written with a capital letter when it is an address to one person. For example, “could you help me,” or “Please.” A small "you" is written when it refers to a group of people. For example, "I appeal to you, representatives different regions Russia, gathered at this congress."

Structure of the official text

Once again, remember the main purpose of writing a business text! Now I have deviated from another rule of writing formal letters. The rule goes like this: The text should be presented sequentially whenever possible. The text should not contain references to paragraphs that were much earlier or, even worse, much later. It is not always possible to completely avoid such links, but there should be a minimum number of them. When writing a document, always pay attention to such links and try to reduce their number.

If the text is long, try to break it into logical blocks. Sometimes it is useful to provide a short summary of what was said in it at the end of a logical block. A block may contain explanations and justifications for some idea. These explanations can distract from the idea itself, so summarizing it briefly at the end will be helpful. If the letter is short and relates to one topic, then one summary can be made, at the end or at the very beginning of the text. The style of writing a text, when you first formulate an idea and then justify it, is used in addresses to very busy people, so that they can understand from the first lines of the document what it is about, think about it, agree immediately without reading, or, if they have any questions questions and doubts, read the rationale.

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Diverse. In each life situation There are certain standards of communication. In the official sphere, there are also specific norms that sometimes run counter to the general linguistic norms. This is a feature of the official business style. It is dry and insipid, all the turns in it are unambiguous and constant.

Formal business style: definition

Official business style is a style of business management and legislative acts that has been formed over many years. Its characteristic feature is considered to be the consistency in the use of the same words and lexical phrases.

Which every person periodically encounters in his life should be understandable and unambiguous. In addition, all its genres are written according to the same templates. Sometimes, to get a new document, it is enough to simply rewrite 2-3 words.

Stylistic features

Like anyone else, he has his own characteristic features. The official business style in business texts is characterized by accuracy and unambiguity of presentation, an obligatory-prescriptive nature, complete impersonality, the absence of any emotional manifestations, standardization and stereotyping.

Any document should be interpreted in only one way. Therefore, all the data presented in it is unambiguous, because otherwise means confusion and lawlessness in any matter.

Since it is a business style, it is used to regulate the official sphere of human life and society. Everything that is stated in it must be fulfilled unquestioningly.

There cannot be any personal characteristics or subjective interpretations in the documents. Therefore, the official business style of the Russian literary language allows the presentation of personal information only in minor documents such as a statement or an explanatory statement to argue the need for a particular action.

The unambiguity of the presentation also translates into a high degree of stereotyping. It is present at all levels of style: from a set of lexemes to general structure the entire document.

Vocabulary of style

Like any other, the official business style in business texts uses a standard set of lexemes and phrases. First of all, these are words from the industry official communication: prescribe, authorize, notify, plaintiff, head, law and the like. In other styles they are used much less frequently.

The second characteristic feature is the use of constant expressions and cliches of speech. This makes any text predictable, but at the same time completely unambiguous: based on, taking into account, in accordance with.

It is noteworthy that, despite the high level of impersonality, the use of first-person pronouns and verbs is allowed in an official business style. In comparison, in a scientific style this is completely unacceptable.

AND latest feature- this is the presence of dry, slightly outdated clerical vocabulary, which in other styles sounds inappropriate and somewhat comical: takes place, is in a state of alcoholic intoxication, a liquid that looks like cognac.

Syntactic constructions

Based on the consistency of syntactic structures, each person can easily determine the official business style. Examples of it are well known to everyone from the school. And probably more than once in my life I had to write a statement or protocol.

At the syntactic level, the presence of small constructions is primarily noted, simple sentences, a minimum number of complications, such as homogeneous members sentences or plug-in constructions. This is dictated by the need for simplicity and unambiguity in understanding the information presented in the document.

At the text level, there is a high level of standardization of its structure. For example, each statement begins with a header in the upper right corner, which indicates who is addressing whom. Next comes the text of the application itself, which ends with the date and signature of the applicant. The upper left corner of the document is left to overlay the resolution on this application. The same standardization is characteristic of all other genres.

Applications

It is quite widespread and can be encountered by any person all the time. Therefore, this style is divided into several substyles, depending on the industry of application.

Legislative documents are used to form the legal framework of society. It prescribes the rules by which every person subject to the influence of this particular document must live. Legislative acts also establish penalties for failure to comply with regulations.

The jurisdictional branch detects a violation and imposes punishment for it. This is also where cases are reviewed in connection with certain evidence or circumstances.

The administrative official business style is very common. Examples of such documents are even studied in school curriculum. This includes documents regulating the activities of individual organizations and their interaction with individual individuals.

And the last branch is diplomatic. Relations between states depend on the correctness of documentation in this area. One wrong comma or word can cause a global conflict.

Genres

In practice, the official business style of speech has a wide variety of examples of texts. It would be quite problematic to name absolutely all genres in one article. Therefore, we will focus on the most popular of them, dividing them into groups depending on the industry of use.

Legislative documents include a law, act, decision, decree. They are compiled on higher levels authorities by specially trained people.

In the field of jurisprudence, the genres of official business style in the Russian language are represented by verdicts, court decisions, cassation appeals, search or detention warrants.

Administrative documents are among the most common. This includes a statement, autobiography, order, recommendation, fax, telephone message, receipt and many others.

In diplomacy, treaties, pacts, agreements, and conventions are most often used.

Business management

Much has already been said about how rich the official business style is in genres. Examples of their use are found all the time. This is an active style used everywhere in everyday life. Most often, an ordinary person encounters it in the business sector. When applying for a job, we write a resume, autobiography and application, and submit certificates from the previous place of work.

Basically, all these documents have approximately the same structure. They begin with an indication of the author who compiled this text, followed by a presentation of the material, which is certified by a signature and seal, if any.

Generalization

In Russian philology, the official business style of a document, language, speech has an active nature of use. It is highly standardized and has a certain set of words and expressions that are used contrary to some laws of the language.

For example, tautologies are not a stylistic error, since they contribute to an unambiguous understanding, which cannot be achieved by using pronouns for a more beautiful literary sound.

Every person in his life must be able to use this style, since it regulates the interaction of the individual with the organization, the state and the entire legal world as a whole.