The first Russian princes and their activities. Rulers of Russia in chronological order from Rurik to the decline of the Grand Duchy of Kyiv

The process of property and social stratification among the community members led to the separation of the most prosperous part from among them. The tribal nobility and the wealthy part of the community, subjugating the mass of ordinary community members, need to maintain their dominance in state structures.

The embryonic form of statehood was represented by East Slavic tribal unions, which united into super-unions, albeit fragile ones. Eastern historians talk about the existence on the eve of the formation Old Russian state three large associations of Slavic tribes: Cuiaba, Slavia and Artania. Kuyaba, or Kuyava, was then the name of the region around Kyiv. Slavia occupied territory in the area of ​​Lake Ilmen. Its center was Novgorod. The location of Artania - the third major association of the Slavs - has not been precisely established.

1) 941 - ended in failure;

2) 944 - conclusion of a mutually beneficial agreement.

Killed by the Drevlyans while collecting tribute in 945.

YAROSLAV THE WISE(1019 - 1054)

He established himself on the Kiev throne after long strife with Svyatopolk the Accursed (he received his nickname after the murder of his brothers Boris and Gleb, who were later canonized as saints) and Mstislav of Tmutarakan.

He contributed to the flourishing of the Old Russian state, patronized education and construction. Contributed to the rise of the international authority of Rus'. Established broad dynastic ties with European and Byzantine courts.

Conducted military campaigns:

To the Baltics;

To the Polish-Lithuanian lands;

To Byzantium.

Finally defeated the Pechenegs.

Prince Yaroslav the Wise is the founder of written Russian legislation (" Russian Truth", "The Truth of Yaroslav").

VLADIMIR THE SECOND MONOMACH(1113 - 1125)

Son of Mary, daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine the Ninth Monomakh. Prince of Smolensk (from 1067), Chernigov (from 1078), Pereyaslavl (from 1093), Grand Prince of Kiev (from 1113).

Prince Vladimir Monomakh - organizer of successful campaigns against the Polovtsians (1103, 1109, 1111)

He advocated the unity of Rus'. Congress participant ancient Russian princes in Lyubech (1097), which discussed the harmfulness of civil strife, the principles of ownership and inheritance of princely lands.

He was called to reign in Kyiv during the popular uprising of 1113, which followed the death of Svyatopolk II. Reigned until 1125

He put into effect the “Charter of Vladimir Monomakh”, where interest on loans was legally limited and it was forbidden to enslave dependent people working off their debt.

Stopped the collapse of the Old Russian state. Wrote " Teaching", in which he condemned the strife and called for the unity of the Russian land.
He continued the policy of strengthening dynastic ties with Europe. He was married to the daughter of the English king Harold the Second - Gita.

Mstislav the Great(1125 - 1132)

Son of Vladimir Monomakh. Prince of Novgorod (1088 - 1093 and 1095 - 1117), Rostov and Smolensk (1093 - 1095), Belgorod and co-ruler of Vladimir Monomakh in Kyiv (1117 - 1125). From 1125 to 1132 - autocratic ruler of Kyiv.

Continued the policy of Vladimir Monomakh and managed to maintain a unified Old Russian state. Annexed the Principality of Polotsk to Kyiv in 1127.
Organized successful campaigns against the Polovtsians, Lithuania, and the Chernigov prince Oleg Svyatoslavovich. After his death, almost all the principalities came out of obedience to Kyiv. A specific period begins - feudal fragmentation.

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Goals:

• acquaint students with the reign of the first Russian princes: Rurik, Oleg, Igor, Olga, Svyatoslav;
• talk about their role in the formation of the Russian state;
• check the level of knowledge of the main topic problems, students' understanding of basic theoretical issues and factual material;
• develop the ability to compare activities historical figures, analyze and compare their boards;
• continue to develop the ability to independently highlight main idea, To make a conclusion;
• continue to develop the ability to work with testing material in the form of a test.
• awaken students' interest in Russian history;
• to cultivate a sense of patriotism and selfless service to the Motherland using the example of these historical figures.

Lesson type: with slide presentation.

Equipment: computer, multimedia projector, materials for individual work of students (questionnaires), map.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Teacher's word:(the teacher introduces the topic and purpose of the lesson and reminds the previous topic).

II. Review questions

- When Eastern Slavs was the state formed? (IX century)

– What is a state? (A state is an organization of life in which there is a unified system of managing people living in the same territory; relationships between them are regulated on the basis of common laws or traditions, there is a common economy, culture, religion, a common language, and border protection is carried out by the army)

– How is a state formed? (This is a long process. It is formed as an inevitable and natural result of the decomposition of the tribal system).

– Name the prerequisites for the creation of a state in Rus'.
(1. Economic development: The social division of labor leads to the separation of crafts from agriculture. The development of trade led to the formation of market relations and the emergence of cities as trade centers. The cities of Novgorod and Kyiv are located on the trade route “from the Varangians to the Greeks.”
2. Social processes during the period of military democracy:

• the tribal community was replaced by a neighboring community (territorial),
• development private property led to wealth inequality and the formation of classes
• the top of the community groups around the prince, creates a squad and seizes power in the tribe.
• a tribal community member becomes a plowman. The prince and his squad are engaged in waging war.

3. The next reasons for the formation of the state are the religious and cultural community of the tribal unions of the Slavs.
4. The need for protection from external attacks.
5. Implementation of aggressive policy).

– In the 8th-9th centuries. The Eastern Slavs are developing a social structure. What was it called and what did it represent? (This is “Military Democracy”. At the head of the tribe or union of tribes was a prince. They helped him manage the tribe: voivode- leader of the tribal army, squad- a group of warriors personally devoted to the prince, their profession is war; veche- tribal meeting. The prince and governors are still elected by the people, but the desire to make their power hereditary is already visible.)

– Thus, at the beginning of the 9th century, the Russian state appeared. How did this happen, a historical fact itself? (The Varangians Askold and Dir reigned in Kyiv, Rurik began to rule in Novgorod. Two appeared government centers, through which the trade route “from the Varangians to the Greeks” passed. In 882, Prince Oleg, who began to reign after the death of Rurik, killed Askold and Dir, took the Kiev throne, united Rus', making Kiev the capital of the state. The state became known as Kievan Rus.)

– How did the Russian people learn about their history? (Nestor “The Tale of Bygone Years”)

– There are various theories of the creation of the Old Russian state, name them. (1. Norman - the calling of 3 Varangian brothers (Rurik, Sineus, Truvor) by the Novgorodians in 862). Rurik managed to unite the Krivichi, Merya, Ves, Murom tribes around Novgorod. 2. Anti-Norman (Lomonosov) - the formation of statehood among the Slavs occurred before the arrival of the Varangians).

Conclusion: In the 9th century Thanks to political, economic, social and cultural prerequisites, a single state was formed - Kievan Rus.

Another conclusion - in verse:

1 student

Do we remember the history of the Fatherland?
Why is the country named this way?
There are many hypotheses and theories
Rus' - Russia has been one since ancient times.
They speak from Rurik. From the Swedes,
From Sarmatian Rus' came tribes,
Well, I think that the ancestor
He was tall, brave and strong.
It is from courage and growth
We got the name of the country
It’s so easy to isolate the root “Ros” here,
All concepts are immediately visible.
Herodotus was famous for his learning,
Saw ancestors in ancient centuries,
Admired the strength, defiance,
He said: "Growth, the power is great»,
The Pechenegs and the Polovtsians knew
Russian courage, valor, honor,
Our fellows destroyed them
We have countless victories.
Let them say it as they please,
That Russia is a word from strangers,
I believe in the strength and growth of the people,
For me there are no other theories.

III. Explanation of new material

Slide (lesson topic and epigraph)

Glory to our side!
Glory to Russian antiquity!
And the legends of antiquity
We must not forget!

N.P. Konchalovskaya.

Slide (lesson objectives)

• Get acquainted with the activities of the first Russian princes.
• Assess their contribution to the development of our state.
• Systematize knowledge.

Plan.(Slide)

1. Prince Rurik.
2. Oleg's activities.
3. Igor Rurikovich.
4. Duchess Olga.
5. Svyatoslav Igorevich.
6. Features of the reign of the first Russian princes.

Teacher's opening remarks: familiarization with the topic and objectives of the lesson.

– Our lesson will be held in the form of slide presentations prepared by your classmates.
The task before you is: listening carefully to each speaker, record the main events and activities of the princes in the following table.
After the report, you can ask the speaker questions on this topic.
Along the way, carefully follow their performances and at the end of the slide presentation, you guys will make own assessment works of your classmates with “5” point system. But that's a little later.

Table: “Activities of the first princes”

Speakers are speaking. As we speak, we write down the following terms in our notebooks:

Polyudye- a tour by the prince of Kyiv with his retinue of his lands to collect tribute.
Lessons- exact amount of tribute.
Churchyards- places for collecting tribute.

The teacher distributes questionnaires, a commission of students counts the questionnaires (evaluation of the speakers’ work) and collects them.

Example of a questionnaire:

- There is a table in front of you. You have systematized a new topic. Tell me, what are the features of the reign of princes?
– What do their reigns have in common?

Common features of the activities of the princes:(write down)

The activities of the first Russian princes were subordinated to two main goals:

1. They sought to extend their power to everything East Slavic tribes.
2. Maintain profitable trade relations with other countries, especially with Byzantium.

Conclusion: Each of these princes made a huge contribution to the development of the Russian state, they not only ruled the country, they served it faithfully and rightfully worthy of our respect, admiration and imitation.

2 student.

And again the memory calls to the past,
And my head is spinning forever.
The millennium is here, it lives
In metal, in stone, in thoughts and words.
And the book of Genesis comes to life,
I begin to leaf through it with trepidation.
Mysterious my motherland,
Great-grandfather's Kievan Rus!
Open and bright at heart,
Good and true blood sister,
Confidently walked into the big world
Friends for joy and enemies for fear.
Here our pain and anger are shoulder to shoulder
They stood up to the offenders with a sword,
Here our joy was born in song
And she rose into the sky like a free bird.
Sacred Slavic places,
It’s still easy to breathe here,
And earthly beauty pleases the eye,
And the melody of centuries is barely audible.
And the frescoes smile from the walls
Our dear, big relatives.
And again they raise us from our knees...
Yes, who said that all the past is decay?
We are soldered to the past with our souls!

IV. Homework: paragraphs 5, 6. Essay “Glory to our side...”

Collect notebooks with tables.

First rulers Ancient Rus'(from the formation of the state - to the period feudal fragmentation).

The founder of the Rurik dynasty, the first ancient Russian prince.
According to the Tale of Bygone Years, he was called to reign in 862 by the Ilmen Slovenes, Chud and all of the Varangian lands.
Reigned first in Ladoga, and then in all Novgorod lands.
Before his death, he transferred power to his relative (or senior warrior) - Oleg.

The first real ruler of Ancient Rus', who united the lands of the Slavic tribes along the path “from the Varangians to the Greeks.”
In 882 he captured Kyiv and made it the capital of the ancient Russian state, killing Askold and Dir, who had previously reigned there.
He subjugated the tribes of the Drevlyans, Northerners, and Radimichi.
Strengthened the foreign policy position. In 907, he made a successful military campaign against Constantinople, which resulted in two beneficial for Rus' peace treaties(907 and 911).

He expanded the borders of the Old Russian state, subjugating the Ulich tribe and contributing to the founding of Russian settlements on the Taman Peninsula.
He repelled the raids of the Pecheneg nomads.
Organized military campaigns against Byzantium:
1) 941 - ended in failure;
2) 944 - conclusion of a mutually beneficial agreement.
Killed by the Drevlyans while collecting tribute in 945.

The wife of Prince Igor, she ruled in Rus' during the childhood of her son Svyatoslav and during his military campaigns.
For the first time, she established a clear procedure for collecting tribute (“polyudya”) by introducing:
1) lessons in determining the exact amounts of tribute;
2) graveyards - establishing places for collecting tribute.
She visited Byzantium in 957 and converted to Christianity under the name Helen.
In 968 she led the defense of Kyiv from the Pechenegs.

Son of Prince Igor and Princess Olga.
Initiator and leader of many military campaigns:
- Defeat of the Khazar Kaganate and its capital Itil (965)
- Hiking to Danube Bulgaria. Wars with Byzantium (968 - 971)
- Military clashes with the Pechenegs (969 - 972)
- Treaty between Russia and Byzantium (971)
Killed by the Pechenegs during their return from Bulgaria in 972 on the Dnieper rapids.

In 972 - 980 The first internecine war for power takes place between the sons of Svyatoslav - Vladimir and Yaropolk. Vladimir wins and establishes himself on the Kiev throne.
980 - Vladimir carries out pagan reform. A pantheon of pagan gods is created, led by Perun. An attempt to adapt paganism to the needs of the Old Russian state and society ended in failure.
988 - adoption of Christianity in Rus'.
(Reasons for accepting Christianity:
- the need to strengthen the power of the Kyiv prince and the need for state unification on a new spiritual basis;
- justification of social inequality;
- the need to introduce Rus' to pan-European political realities, spiritual and cultural values.
The meaning of accepting Christianity:
- strengthened the state and the power of the prince;
- increased the international authority of Rus';
- contributed to the introduction of Rus' to Byzantine culture.)
Under Vladimir, the Old Russian state was further expanded and strengthened. Vladimir finally conquered the Radimichi, made successful campaigns against the Poles and Pechenegs, and founded new fortress-cities: Pereyaslavl, Belgorod, etc.

He established himself on the Kiev throne after long strife with Svyatopolk the Accursed (he received his nickname after the murder of his brothers Boris and Gleb, who were later canonized as saints) and Mstislav of Tmutarakan.
He contributed to the flourishing of the Old Russian state, patronized education and construction.
Contributed to the rise of the international authority of Rus'. Established broad dynastic ties with European and Byzantine courts.
Conducted military campaigns:
- to the Baltic states;
- to the Polish-Lithuanian lands;
- to Byzantium.
Finally defeated the Pechenegs.
Prince Yaroslav the Wise is the founder of written Russian legislation ("Russian Truth", "Pravda Yaroslav").

Grandson of Yaroslav the Wise, son of Prince Vsevolod the First and Maria, daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine the Ninth Monomakh. Prince of Smolensk (from 1067), Chernigov (from 1078), Pereyaslavl (from 1093), Grand Prince of Kiev (from 1113).
Prince Vladimir Monomakh - organizer of successful campaigns against the Polovtsians (1103, 1109, 1111)
He advocated the unity of Rus'. Participant of the congress of ancient Russian princes in Lyubech (1097), which discussed the harmfulness of civil strife, the principles of ownership and inheritance of princely lands.
He was called to reign in Kyiv during the popular uprising of 1113, which followed the death of Svyatopolk II. Reigned until 1125
He put into effect the “Charter of Vladimir Monomakh”, where interest on loans was legally limited and it was forbidden to enslave dependent people working off their debt.
Stopped the collapse of the Old Russian state. He wrote a “Teaching,” in which he condemned strife and called for the unity of the Russian land.
He continued the policy of strengthening dynastic ties with Europe. He was married to the daughter of the English king Harold the Second - Gita.

Son of Vladimir Monomakh. Prince of Novgorod (1088 - 1093 and 1095 - 1117), Rostov and Smolensk (1093 - 1095), Belgorod and co-ruler of Vladimir Monomakh in Kyiv (1117 - 1125). From 1125 to 1132 - autocratic ruler of Kyiv.
He continued the policy of Vladimir Monomakh and managed to preserve a unified Old Russian state.
Annexed the Principality of Polotsk to Kyiv in 1127.
Organized successful campaigns against the Polovtsians, Lithuania, and the Chernigov prince Oleg Svyatoslavovich.
After his death, almost all the principalities came out of obedience to Kyiv. A specific period begins - feudal fragmentation.

We learn about the life of the first rulers in Rus' from the most ancient chronicle that has survived to this day, “The Tale of Bygone Years.”

According to the Tale, the ancient Russian princes trace their origins to the Rurik dynasty, the ancestor of which is Rurik, who was invited to Russian lands by the Ilmen Slovenes in 862. The dynasty of Russian princes - descendants of Rurik - dates back to the middle of the ninth century. The materials presented in this work indicate that the first Russian princes were primarily concerned about expanding the borders of their state.

The purpose of the presentation: to acquaint students with the reign of the first Russian princes: Rurik, Oleg, Igor, Olga, Svyatoslav; talk about their role in the formation of the Russian state; awaken peers' interest in national history; to cultivate a sense of patriotism and selfless service to the Motherland using the example of these historical figures. The presentation can be used in history lessons and in extracurricular activities.

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THE FIRST RUSSIAN PRINCE Author: Kristina Shemetova, 2nd year student, chef department, confectioner of the BPOU "Trade and Technology College", Elista, Republic of Kalmykia. Head: Kozaeva Raisa Sanjievna, history teacher.

RURIK (862 - 879) The founder of the Rurik dynasty, the first ancient Russian prince. According to the Tale of Bygone Years, he was called to reign in 862 by the Ilmen Slovenes, Chud and all of the Varangian lands. He reigned first in Ladoga, and then in all Novgorod lands. Before his death, he transferred power to his relative (or senior warrior) - Oleg.

The first real ruler of Ancient Rus', who united the lands of the Slavic tribes along the path “from the Varangians to the Greeks.” In 882 he captured Kyiv and made it the capital of the ancient Russian state, killing Askold and Dir, who had previously reigned there. He subjugated the tribes of the Drevlyans, Northerners, and Radimichi. In 907 he made a successful military campaign against Constantinople, which resulted in two peace treaties beneficial for Rus' (907 and 911). OLEG (879 - 912)

IGOR (912 - 945) Expanded the borders of the Old Russian state, subjugating the Ulichi tribe and contributing to the founding of Russian settlements on the Taman Peninsula. He repelled the raids of the Pecheneg nomads. Organized military campaigns against Byzantium: 1) 941 - ended in failure; 2) 944 - conclusion of a mutually beneficial agreement. Killed by the Drevlyans while collecting tribute in 945.

OLGA (945 - 969) The wife of Prince Igor, ruled in Rus' during the childhood of her son Svyatoslav and during his military campaigns. For the first time, she established a clear procedure for collecting tribute (“polyudya”) by introducing: 1) lessons in determining the exact amount of tribute; 2) graveyards - establishing places for collecting tribute. She visited Byzantium in 957 and converted to Christianity under the name Helen. In 968 she led the defense of Kyiv from the Pechenegs.

SVYATOSLAV (964 - 972) Son of Prince Igor and Princess Olga. Initiator and leader of many military campaigns: - The defeat of the Khazar Kaganate and its capital Itil (965) - Campaigns in Danube Bulgaria. Wars with Byzantium (968 - 971) - Military clashes with the Pechenegs (969 - 972) - Treaty between Russia and Byzantium (971) Killed by the Pechenegs during their return from Bulgaria in 972 on the Dnieper rapids.

In 972 - 980 The first internecine war for power takes place between the sons of Svyatoslav - Vladimir and Yaropolk. Vladimir wins and establishes himself on the Kiev throne. 980 - Vladimir carries out pagan reform. A pantheon of pagan gods is created, led by Perun. An attempt to adapt paganism to the needs of the Old Russian state and society ended in failure. 988 - adoption of Christianity in Rus'. Under Vladimir, the Old Russian state was further expanded and strengthened. Vladimir finally conquered the Radimichi, made successful campaigns against the Poles and Pechenegs, founded new fortress-cities: Pereyaslavl, Belgorod, etc. VLADIMIR THE FIRST SAINT (978 (980)) - 1015)

He established himself on the Kiev throne after long strife with Svyatopolk the Accursed and Mstislav of Tmutarakan. He contributed to the flourishing of the Old Russian state, patronized education and construction, and the rise of the international authority of Rus'. Established broad dynastic ties with European and Byzantine courts. Carried out military campaigns: - to the Baltic states; - to the Polish-Lithuanian lands; - to Byzantium. Finally defeated the Pechenegs. Prince Yaroslav the Wise is the founder of written Russian legislation ("Russian Truth", "Yaroslav's Truth"). YAROSLAV THE WISE (1019 - 1054)

Grandson of Yaroslav the Wise, son of Prince Vsevolod the First and Maria, daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine the Ninth Monomakh. Prince of Smolensk (from 1067), Chernigov (from 1078), Pereyaslavl (from 1093), Grand Prince of Kiev (from 1113). Prince Vladimir Monomakh - organizer of successful campaigns against the Polovtsians (1103, 1109, 1111) advocated the unity of Rus'. Participant of the congress of ancient Russian princes in Lyubech (1097), which discussed the harmfulness of civil strife, the principles of ownership and inheritance of princely lands. He was called to reign in Kyiv during the popular uprising of 1113, which followed the death of Svyatopolk II. He reigned until 1125. He put into effect the “Charter of Vladimir Monomakh,” where interest on loans was legally limited and it was forbidden to enslave dependent people who worked off the debt. Stopped the collapse of the Old Russian state. He wrote a “Teaching,” in which he condemned strife and called for the unity of the Russian land. He continued the policy of strengthening dynastic ties with Europe. VLADIMIR THE SECOND MONOMACH (1113 - 1125)

Son of Vladimir Monomakh. Prince of Novgorod (1088 - 1093 and 1095 - 1117), Rostov and Smolensk (1093 - 1095), Belgorod and co-ruler of Vladimir Monomakh in Kyiv (1117 - 1125). From 1125 to 1132 - autocratic ruler of Kyiv. He continued the policy of Vladimir Monomakh and managed to preserve a unified Old Russian state. Annexed the Principality of Polotsk to Kyiv in 1127. Organized successful campaigns against the Polovtsians, Lithuania, and the Chernigov prince Oleg Svyatoslavovich. After his death, almost all the principalities came out of obedience to Kyiv. A period of feudal fragmentation begins. MSTISLAV THE GREAT (1125 - 1132)

http://www.1salamandra1.ru/publ/pervye_russkie_knjazja_kratko SOURCES History: textbook for grade 10, ed. A.V. Chudinova, A.V. Gladysheva.-M. Publishing Center "Academy", 2008 http://russiahistory.narod.ru/pervkniazs.htm

The article briefly talks about the great princes of Russian Rus' - a topic studied in 10th grade history. What were they famous for? What were their deeds and role in history?

Summoned Varangians

In 862, the northwestern tribes of the Eastern Slavs decided to stop fighting among themselves and invite an independent ruler to rule over them fairly. The Slav Gostomysl from the Ilmen tribe led the campaign to the Varangians and returned from there with Rurik and his squad. Together with Rurik, his two brothers came - Sienus and Truvor. Rurik sat down to reign in Ladoga, and two years later, according to the Ipatiev Chronicle, he built Novgorod. Rurik had a son, Igor, who was to become a prince after his death. Hereditary rule became the basis of the ruling dynasty.

Rice. 1. Map Kievan Rus in the 10th century.

In 879, Rurik died, and Igor was still too young. Oleg acted as regent - either Rurik's brother-in-law, or his governor. Already in 882, he captured Kyiv, where he moved the capital of Ancient Rus' from Novgorod. Having captured Kyiv, Oleg established complete control over the trade route “From the Varangians to the Greeks.” Oleg managed to conclude a profitable agreement with Byzantium on duty-free trade, which is great achievement for the Russian economy of that time.

In 912 Oleg died and Igor became Prince of Kyiv. In 914, Igor re-conquered the Drevlyans, imposing a tribute greater than Oleg's. In 945, Igor, while collecting tribute from the Drevlyans, felt that he had not collected enough. Returning with a small detachment to reassemble, he was killed in the city of Iskorosten for his greed.

And Rurik, and Oleg, and Igor reduced their internal political activities to the subjugation of the Slavic tribes surrounding Rus' and the imposition of tribute on them. Their activities were to a greater extent aimed at conducting military campaigns to gain authority within Rus' and in the international arena.

Reign of Olga and Svyatoslav

In 945, Olga suppressed the rebellion of the Drevlyans and avenged Igor by destroying Iskorosten. Olga left the external one and started studying internal politics. She carried out the first reform in Rus', creating a system of lessons and graveyards - the amount of tribute and the places and times of its collection. In 955, Olga went to Constantinople and converted to Christianity.

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Rice. 2. Burning of Iskorostnya.

It is not known exactly when Svyatoslav came to power. The Tale of Bygone Years speaks of his first military campaign in 964. Svyatoslav was a big fan of war and battles, so he continued the policies of his father and grandfather and spent his whole life in battles, and Olga, on his behalf, continued to rule Russia until her death. Having conquered Bulgaria, he moved the capital to Pereyaslavets-on-Danube and planned to rule the young state from there. But these lands were in the sphere of interests of Byzantium, which within a year forced Svyatoslav to return to Rus'.

Rice. 3. Svyatoslav and John Tzimiskes.

Svyatoslav did not survive his mother for long. He died near the Dnieper rapids from the scimitar of the Pechenegs, who ambushed him when he was returning from Bulgaria to Kyiv in 972.

Foreign policy of Rus' in the 9th-10th centuries

Byzantium remained the main direction of campaigns of the first Russian princes, although military campaigns were periodically carried out in other countries. To illuminate this issue, we will compile a table of the First Russian princes and their activities in foreign policy.

It should be noted that the first Russian princes were also engaged in the defense of the southern borders from the constant raids of the nomadic tribes of the Khazars and Pechenegs.

What have we learned?

In general, the foreign policy of the first Russian princes dominated the domestic one. This was due to the desire to unite all the East Slavic tribes under one authority and protect them from external military aggression.

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