San norms for the temperature regime in cultural institutions. Sanpin for office workers

A person spends almost the entire conscious part of his life in the workplace. It is for this reason that the requirements that regulate the hygienic requirements of the microclimate in the premises where people work are natural. It is very important to comply with all these norms and rules in office-type premises, where a person uses mainly mental activity. And for this type of work is characterized by relative physical inactivity. This leads to the fact that the negative consequences of an incorrect operating mode are even more aggravated.

The legislation provides for a number of laws regarding the temperature regime in office-type premises, as well as the responsibility of the owner (employer) for their non-compliance and violation.

Temperature regime and microclimate very strongly affects the performance and well-being of a person. Low or high air temperature, which has a long-term effect on a working person, not only negatively affects human health, but also greatly reduces the productivity of his work. People working in office space perform a wide variety of activities, most of which require being in one specific position for a long period. Basically it is a sedentary and sitting position:

1. Making decisions.
2. Communication with customers.
3. Paperwork.
4. Working at a computer and other similar professions.

Physical inactivity and mental labor do not coexist very well with the uncomfortable temperature conditions of the air in an office-type room.

After conducting many experiments, the researchers found that even slight deviations in air temperature affect the efficiency of work in the office so much that if it is impossible to provide the desired microclimate, it makes sense to shorten the working day.

It is very important to ensure the appropriate temperature conditions in the office. This is the obligation of the employer under the law, regardless of the level of subordination and form of ownership of the organization.

Optimum or comfort

Every person who works in the office wants to carry out their activities in conditions of maximum comfort. But this concept is highly subjective, as it is tied to the personal feelings of each individual. And these feelings, as you know, are different for everyone. What is an excellent option for one individual may be simply unacceptable for another. It is because of this that such a concept as “comfortable conditions” is not used in regulations and office documentation.

Instead of the subjective term “comfort”, a more definite and precise parameter “optimal conditions” is used in professional vocabulary. As for the optimum air temperature, this value is determined by complex calculations and physiological studies. The calculation takes into account the average needs of a person.

The requirement for optimal temperature conditions belongs to the legislative area. This is fixed in certain regulatory documents.

SanPiN for the protection of human health

All standards are collected in a special code of the Russian Federation. This code defines optimal health and hygiene standards for various areas of human activity, including employment. These documents relate to the technical and medical fields. At the same time, it is also legislative, and it is for this reason that it is necessary to comply with all these norms.

The abbreviation SanPiN is deciphered as follows - sanitary rules and norms. The document that regulates optimal conditions at the workplace is called SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 and is as follows: hygienic requirements for the microclimate in industrial premises. These SanPiN provides labor protection regulations for office employees and workers in production. These SanPiN were adopted within the framework of Federal Law No. 52 of March 30, 1999 "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population."

Compliance with SanPiN requirements by the employer is supported by articles of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation No. 209 and 212. They deal with liability in case of non-compliance by the employer with the rules of labor protection and health, as well as timely measures taken for rehabilitation, treatment and prevention, sanitary and household and other similar nature. Article No. 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prescribes that the employer must carry out a set of measures in order to ensure an optimal working microclimate.

What measures can be taken

The solution to this problem can be the following options:

1. Equipment for recreation of a special room.
2. Transfer of a worker to another workplace.
3. Earlier dissolution of those working from home.
4. Additional breaks.

If the employer refuses to comply with the requirements for optimal performance, then he can be charged with two offenses at the same time.

1. Violation of sanitary norms and rules (temperature standards in the room do not correspond to standard indicators).
2. Ignoring labor legislation due to the fact that people work in inappropriate conditions.

If the boss is inactive in this situation and does not agree to provide employees with another workplace, then the time that he was in unfavorable conditions is equal to the shift (daily working day) in duration. In other words, one can freely talk about the processing of an employee at the initiative of the boss, with all the ensuing financial and legal consequences.

Seasonal requirements for air temperature in office premises

In the warm and cold seasons, the optimal indoor air temperature conditions are achieved in different ways. Based on this, we can conclude that the requirements for the microclimate in the room will be different. Accordingly, the measures provided for by SanPiN, in the event that it is impossible to ensure the optimal temperature regime or it is violated, will also have differences.

To not be too hot

For health and performance, a long stay in a room where the air temperature is very high is especially detrimental. In a working indoor environment, this heat and stuffiness can be exacerbated by a large crowd of people, the presence of office equipment in operation, and compliance with a specially introduced dress code.

It is because of this that the optimal temperature values ​​\u200b\u200band permissible maximum values ​​\u200b\u200bin the hot season were established by law. For office workers with air humidity of 40–60%, they are 23–25 degrees. The temperature can rise up to 28 degrees.

Exceeding the air temperature in the office in the summer

If inside the office the thermometer deviates from the optimum by at least 2 degrees, then it becomes much more difficult to work. The employer will need to install air conditioning in the employees' room and ensure that it works well, as well as timely service.

If suddenly, for some reason, this is not done, then the employee should not meekly endure the unbearable heat, while still trying to meet all professional requirements. SanPiN allow with good reason to shorten the standard working eight-hour day for the employee, for which they were calculated the following temperature requirements:

Many workers note the negative impact of air conditioning on their health, which is compared with stuffiness and heat in terms of harm. According to the same requirements of SanPiN, together with humidity and temperature indicators, the speed of air movement in the room is limited, which should be in the range from 0.1 to 0.3 m / s. From these requirements of SanPiN, it follows that an employee should not be under the jet of a blowing air conditioner.

Cold is the enemy of work

No work can be argued in a cold room, especially in an office, when the body cannot warm itself with movement. There are such categories of working professions in which for a short time it is permissible to lower the temperature of the air to 15 degrees, but this does not apply to those people who work in the office.

Inside the office space in cold weather, the temperature regime must be observed in the range from 22 to 24 degrees. It is possible to fluctuate these values, but not more than 2 degrees. For a short period of time, the thermometer can deviate from the permissible norm by a maximum of 4 degrees.

What to do if the office space is cold

Only in the event that the air temperature does not drop below 20 degrees, the working staff is required to be at the workplace full time (8 hours). With each lower degree, the norm of working hours is reduced:

Temperature measurements and their features

Observe the accuracy of temperature measurements. This is due to the fact that each degree plays a special role in the duration of working time.

If employees or the employer are unscrupulous, then it may be tempting to underestimate or overestimate the true temperature values. It is possible that an error is made due to the fact that the instrument you are measuring is incorrectly placed or defective.

To avoid complications with the determination of air temperature indicators, SanPiN is required to place the device at a distance of 1 meter above the floor.

What is the responsibility of the employer if he does not comply with the requirements of the office microclimate

If for some reason the employer refuses to install an air conditioner (fan) in the summer and a heater in the winter, thereby maintaining the optimal temperature regime in the norm, then his subordinates should not tolerate this because they might get fired. You can contact the sanitary and epidemiological service. She will definitely come to your enterprise with a check. If during the inspection the complaint is confirmed, then the authorities cannot avoid responsibility for failure to comply with the requirements of SanPiN.

And also for non-compliance with the requirements, the employer faces a fine of approximately 12 thousand rubles. If, after a re-inspection, the same violations are again revealed, then its activities will be suspended for 3 months in accordance with Article 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Temperature in the workplace: sanitary norms and rules from 2016

From 1.01.2017 all employers and employees must comply with the new requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological service, which are related to physical factors in the workplace. This was approved by the decision of the Chief Sanitary State Doctor of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2016 Order No. 81. The updated sanitary standards and rules define the impact on the human body and its activities of such indicators as:

It is customary to call the standards the maximum permissible level of a particular factor, as well as its impact on a person who is at least 8 hours at the workplace, within the permissible limits. This impact should not lead to deviations in the state of health or diseases (SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 clause 1.4).

Due to the fact that new sanitary requirements have been introduced, some of the old ones have ceased to operate since January 2017. One of these is SanPiN 2.2.4.1191-03 about "Electromagnetic fields in production conditions".

Today, the question of what should be the temperature in the workplace according to sanitary rules is relevant for workers and employers.

Sanitary rules for air temperature in the workplace

Sanitary rules establish optimal temperature indicators in the workplace. These indicators include:

1. The speed of air movement.
2. Relative humidity.
3. surface temperature.
4. Air temperature.

Normal sanitary indicators for cold and warm seasons are determined separately. The cold season is considered to be the period when the average daily outdoor air temperature has approached 10 degrees and below. If outside the window is more than this value, then it can be considered a warm season.

The temperature readings in an office space are slightly different in winter and summer. In any period a person needs a thermal balance with the environment.

In addition to all this, depending on the energy consumption of a person, different thermometer indicators are provided in various fields of activity.

Requirements for measurement methods and organization of microclimate control in accordance with sanitary standards

Measurements of microclimatic indicators in order to control their compliance with sanitary standards should be carried out during the warm season- on those days when the outside air temperature differs from the maximum average temperature of the hottest month by no more than 5 degrees, and in cold weather - when the difference from the coldest month is not more than 5 degrees. The frequency of such measurements is determined by the functioning of sanitary and technological equipment, as well as the stability of the production process.

When choosing the time and sites for measurements, it is worth considering all the factors that affect the microclimate of the workplace (functioning of heating and ventilation systems, phases of the technological process, etc.). It is worth measuring microclimatic indicators at least 3 times per shift. If the indicators associated with technological and other reasons fluctuate, then it is necessary to carry out additional measurements at the lowest and highest values ​​of the thermal load on the employee.

Measurements should be taken at the workplace. If your place of work is several production sites, then the indicators should be measured at each separately.

If there is a source of local moisture release, cooling or heat release (open bathtubs, heated units, gates, doorways, windows and others like them), then you need to measure the indicators at points that maximum and minimum distance from the thermal source of exposure.

In those premises where there is a high density of jobs, but there are no sources of moisture release, cooling and heat release, the places for measuring microclimatic indicators, relative to the speed of movement and air humidity, should be evenly distributed over the area of ​​​​the room according to the following principle:

1. The area of ​​the room is up to 100 square meters - the number of measured sections is 4.
2. From 100 to 400 meters - 8.
3. Over 400 - the distance between the sections should not be more than 10 meters.

During sedentary work movement speed and temperature indicators should be measured at heights of 0.1 and 1 meter from the floor, and relative air humidity - 1 meter from the working platform or floor. When standing still, the speed and temperature are measured at heights of 1 and 1.5 meters, and the relative humidity is 1.5 meters.

If there is a radiant heat source, then at the workplace, thermal exposure is measured from each source, placing the device perpendicular to the incident flow. Carry out these measurements at heights of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 meters from the working platform or floor.

The temperature on the surfaces is measured in cases where the place of work is removed from them at a distance of no more than 2 meters.

Relative humidity and air temperature in the presence of sources of air currents and thermal radiation at workplaces measured with aspiration psychrometers. If such sources are not available, then the relative humidity and temperature regime of the air can be measured with psychrometers, which are not protected from the effects of the speed of movement and thermal radiation of the air. You can also use those devices that separately measure humidity and air temperature.

The speed of air movement is measured by rotary anemometers (cup, vane and others). Small values ​​​​of air movement speed (less than 0.5 meters per second), especially if there are multidirectional flows, are measured by hot-wire anemometers, as well as ball and cylindrical catathermometers, if they are protected from thermal radiation.

The temperature on the surfaces measured by remote (pyrometers) or contact (electrothermometer) devices.

The intensity of thermal irradiation is measured by instruments that provide the sensor's visibility angle as close as possible to the hemisphere (at least 160 degrees), sensitive in the visible and infrared spectral regions (radiometers, actinometers, and others).

The permissible error of measuring instruments and the measuring range must comply with the following criteria:

Based on the results of the study, a protocol is drawn up, which reflects general information about the production facility, the placement of sanitary and technological equipment, sources of moisture release, cooling, heat release; all schemes for the placement of measurement sites for all necessary microclimate parameters and other data are given.

Ultimately, at the end of the protocol, the results of the measurements performed must be evaluated in accordance with regulatory sanitary requirements.

Didn't get an answer to your question? Suggest a topic to the authors.

One of the main tasks of the employer can be considered the provision of a favorable microclimate in the workplace.

However, many tenants do not comply with the temperature requirements, thereby violating the law.

What should be the temperature in the room according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation?

Article navigation

Is the employer obligated to monitor the temperature in the room?

Article 212 can answer this question, according to which the employer will be held administratively liable for sanitary work not carried out on time.

The list of these measures also includes compliance with the temperature regime established by the Sanitary Norms and Rules (SanPiN), since too low or vice versa high temperature can lead to a decrease in the energy level and, as a result, its performance.

Accordingly, if the employer evades this obligation, he violates the law and must be punished.

We can say that the employer is obliged to monitor the temperature during the entire working period.

Temperature regimes at different times of the year

The temperature in the room in the summer, according to the Labor Code, should not be higher than:

• 28 degrees Celsius for 8 hours of operation.
• 30 degrees Celsius for 5 hours of operation.
• 31 degrees Celsius for 3 hours of operation.
• 32 degrees Celsius for 2 hours of operation.
• 32.5 degrees Celsius for 1 hour of operation.

Working at temperatures above 32.5 degrees is considered dangerous. The employer has some way to avoid the heat, namely: install special equipment (air conditioners, fans) in the work premises or reduce the number of working hours by special order.

The temperature in the room in winter, according to the Labor Code, should not fall below 20 degrees Celsius. If it does not meet the standards, the employer must install a heater in the workroom or reduce the number of working hours. The Labor Code establishes the following temporary standards at low temperatures:

• no more than 7 hours of operation at 19 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 6 hours of operation at 18 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 5 hours of operation at 17 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 4 hours of operation at 16 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 3 hours of operation at 15 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 2 hours of operation at 14 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 1 hour of operation at 13 degrees Celsius.

Labor regulations have established that working at temperatures below 13 degrees Celsius is dangerous.

Summarizing the above data, we can say that the indoor temperature in summer should not exceed 28 degrees Celsius, and in winter should not fall below 20 degrees Celsius.

What should an employee do if the employer does not comply with the temperature regime?

Salaried workers often face negligent attitude of the employer. What to do in this case? There are several options:

• ask the employer to normalize the temperature with the help of equipment (air conditioning, heater)
• demand a reduction in hours of work in accordance with the regulations
• file a complaint with the CPS
• ask for help from the labor inspectorate

With the last two options, a special check will be conducted at the place of work, during which it will be established whether an offense has been committed.

As a result, we can say that the employee has several legitimate methods of influencing.

What punishment threatens the employer for non-compliance with the temperature regime?

In accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses, an employer who violates sanitary standards will be fined up to 20 thousand rubles, or his activity will be suspended for a certain period.

In order to organize a normal working environment for his employees, ensure their efficiency and functional condition, the manager must ensure that the temperature in the office is observed. If it deviates from the norm by even one degree, and no matter in which direction, labor productivity may decrease, as if your employees have not worked for an hour.

In fact, this means that in the summer the air conditioner should work in the office space, and in the winter it should be properly heated.

Temperature standards in the office

There is a regulatory document - Federal Law No. 52-FZ. According to this document, office workers have the right to ensure a healthy environment in their workplace. The head of the enterprise must take measures to keep the working temperature in the office space for employees within strictly defined limits. She must be:

• In summer - 23-25 ​​ºС.
• In winter - 22-24 ºС.
• Permissible deviation from the norm - 1-2 ºС.
• Possible fluctuation during the day - 3-4 ºС.

There are also requirements for air humidity in the office - it cannot be less than 40% and more than 60. And if you have to sit under the air conditioner, you have the legal right to demand better working conditions, because according to sanitary standards, the wind speed should be in the range of 0.1-0.3 m / s.

Implementation of sanitary rules and regulations

Along with the temperature and other standards, it was established that if the air temperature at the workplace deviates from the permissible values, the manager is obliged to limit the time spent by employees in the office.

Only on condition that it is not more than 28 ºС or not less than 20 ºС can the eight-hour working day be maintained. Every extra or missing degree must shorten the working day by an hour. By the way, the temperature should be measured at a height of at least a meter from the floor.

Every extra or missing degree must shorten the working day by an hour.

Employer's responsibility

It is the responsibility of the head of the enterprise to provide. Under the conditions laid down in Art. 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, he can demand the fulfillment of the hourly rate of production only when he has created decent working conditions in a rented office. At the slightest deviation from the temperature regime, the manager must immediately take measures to eliminate this violation. Help protect workers' rights

03.01.2019, 13:39

The employer must provide employees with normal working conditions. One of them is the acceptable temperature in the workplace. SanPiN 2019 establishes regulatory requirements for the organization of the workflow at enterprises.

The fact is that the temperature in the office or production premises, as well as other factors of the working environment and the labor process, directly affects the performance of the staff and the well-being of each individual employee (part 2 of article 22, part 2 of article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) .

We monitor working conditions

A special state regulatory body, the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia, has developed a document containing permissible microclimate conditions in organizations (SaPiN 2.24.548-96.2.2.4, approved by Decree No. 21 of 01.10.1996).

In addition to indicators such as relative humidity and air velocity, as well as the intensity of thermal radiation, it contains restrictions on air and surface temperatures. Thus, SanPiN control over the temperature in the room at the workplace is established at the legislative level.

Adhering to these rules is the direct responsibility of every employer. Moreover, for violation of these norms, the organization and its officials, as well as individual entrepreneurs who are employers, face administrative liability (Article 5.27.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

Employer actions

The administration of the organization should take care of the creation of suitable working conditions in advance. For these purposes, legislators recommend installing air conditioning systems and coolers in companies (clauses 15, 18 of the Standard list of measures to improve working conditions and labor protection, approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated March 1, 2012 No. 181n).

If the temperature regime is not observed, the efficiency of the personnel is reduced. In addition, working at elevated air temperatures can lead to an exacerbation of chronic diseases. This automatically increases the risk of an accident at work.

If, nevertheless, despite the measures taken, the temperature at the workplace (SanPiN 2.24.548-96.2.2.4) exceeds the permissible values, the working day must be reduced. Also, to protect personnel from overheating, the employer must:

• establish additional breaks in work;
• equip rest rooms;
• provide short-term vacations outside the approved schedule at the request of employees.

For different categories of work, the maximum possible temperatures differ. So, for example, for office employees, the following maximum working hours are set depending on temperature:

These are the rules established for all employers (Rostrud information dated 06/21/2019).

Violation of these regulations may result in liability. For example, an organization can:

• issued a warning;
• a fine from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles was imposed;
• issued an order to suspend activities for up to 90 days.

If the violation of SanPiN resulted in serious bodily harm or death of an employee, then the employee responsible for observing labor protection rules may be held criminally liable (Article 143 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation obliges the employer to ensure safety and working conditions that comply with state regulatory requirements for labor protection

1. Articles 209 and 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation establish that one of the obligations of the employer is to carry out sanitary, sanitary, preventive, rehabilitation and other measures in accordance with the requirements of labor protection. Currently, among the sanitary requirements for the working conditions of workers, the requirements for the temperature regime and humidity of industrial premises, which are established by SanPiN 2.2.4.548962 (hereinafter - SanPiN), are highlighted.

High air temperature is one of the factors that affects the decrease in performance. It follows from the text of SanPiN that in summer the air temperature in the room should not exceed 25 ° C, and its relative humidity should not be less than 40%. Such values ​​provide a feeling of thermal comfort during an 8-hour working day (shift), do not cause deviations in the health status of employees, and also create prerequisites for a high level of their performance and are preferred at workplaces.
Since the employer needs to ensure optimal microclimate conditions in industrial premises, they must be equipped with heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. The absence of an air conditioner, fan or their faulty condition will lead to an increase in temperature at the workplaces of employees. In other words, non-compliance with the established requirements will lead to violation of the law and endanger the health of workers.
Office workers are included in category a. If the air temperature at the workplace is 30 ° C, then the duration of their working day cannot exceed 5 hours, 31 ° C - 3 hours, 32 ° C - 2 hours, and 32.5 ° C - 1 hour.

The basis for reducing working hours are microclimate indicators, which are determined in the manner prescribed by Section 7 of SanPiN. The employer needs to create a commission that will measure the temperature at the workplace. Based on the results of the examinations, a protocol is drawn up. In it, the commission reflects the measurements received and evaluates them for compliance with regulatory requirements.

If the temperature exceeds the permissible values, the employer must reduce the working hours of employees in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN. To do this, he needs to issue an order (with reference to the protocol on measuring air temperature at workplaces).

Lawyer comment:

SanPiN 2.2.4.54896 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises" states that in order to protect workers from possible overheating or cooling, when the air temperature at the workplace is above or below the permissible values, the time spent at the workplace (continuously or in total for the working shift) should be limited.

The specified SanPiN, of course, refers to the state regulatory requirements for labor protection and primarily addresses issues of labor protection. It refers to the limitation of the time spent by employees in the workplace when the maximum permissible temperatures are exceeded on a working day (shift). However, the concept of “stay time” is not identical to the concept of “duration of working time”.

This SanPiN establishes an obligation for the employer to modify the mode of work and rest of work, as required by Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, so that the time spent at the workplace with adverse production factors meets hygienic requirements. It seems that this obligation can be fulfilled in various ways (letting employees go home earlier, introducing additional breaks, equipping a rest room, moving to another workplace, etc.).

If the employer does not fulfill this obligation, he simultaneously commits two offenses:
- violation of sanitary rules, as workplaces do not comply with these rules in terms of temperature indicators;
– violation of labor legislation, namely labor protection standards, as employees work in adverse conditions.

This means that if the employer does not limit the time spent at the workplace at elevated temperatures, does not provide the employee with another job, then it turns out that the time spent at the workplace6 becomes equal to the duration of the daily work/shift7.

Consequently, in this case, indeed, overtime hours arise for employees, since they work on the initiative of the employer outside the working hours established for them.

Thus, employees can be advised to file complaints with both the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor) and labor inspectorates. The fine established by the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation for legal entities for violating sanitary rules is comparable to the costs of purchasing and installing air conditioners and fans.