What is a remedy in literature? V. A. Zhukovsky. "Svetlana". A combination of lyrical and epic in a ballad. Ballad imagery

1. Prepare a short (plot) retelling of the ballad, defining the plot, climax, and denouement.

At Christmastide, “on Epiphany evening,” as was customary, the girls tried to guess their fate through various fortune-telling, which Zhukovsky lists at the beginning of the ballad. Svetlana, bored in separation from her fiancé, was also advised to try her luck. This is an exposition of a ballad. Svetlana chooses one of the most terrible fortune telling - with mirrors. The appearance of the groom and his invitation to go to church to get married is the beginning. The action develops rapidly. The horses are flying fast, there is a blizzard all around, there is steppe desolation all around. The pale and despondent groom is silent. The horses rushed past the church in which a memorial service was being held for the deceased. Everything portends trouble. “The raven croaks: sadness!” The horses approached the hut under the snow. Everything disappeared: the horses, the sleigh, the groom. Lonely Svetlana entered the hut with a prayer and saw a coffin covered with a white blanket. A dove fawns over her. But then the dead man in the coffin began to stir. The climax of the ballad comes - Svetlana recognizes her fiancé in the dead man, and awakening occurs. Svetlana believes that the dream portends bad things. However, a happy ending is approaching: the groom joyfully arrives.

The same love is in his eyes, the same pleasant glances; The same conversations on Mila’s sweet lips. Open, O Temple of God; You fly to heaven, Faithful vows.

The ballad ends with some morality, the author’s instruction in the spirit of the Orthodox worldview - not to believe in dreams and fortune-telling, but to believe in the Providence of God. Here are my sense of ballads:

“Our best friend in this life is Faith in Providence. The good of the Creator is the law: Here misfortune is a false dream; Happiness is awakening."
2. Remember the description of girls' fortune telling on Epiphany evening. Which of them do you especially remember?

At the beginning of the ballad, Zhukovsky gives a detailed picture of folk fortune-telling, which girls resorted to during Christmastide in order to find out their fate, mainly related to future marriage. They threw the shoes they had taken off their feet, listened under the window, fed the chickens with counting grain, and told fortunes with wax. But the most important and terrible fortune telling is waiting for the groom in front of mirrors and candles. According to the descriptions in research literature, for example, in Sakharov’s book “Tales of the Russian People”, this fortune telling occurs like this. A table for two persons is set in a dark room. It is located between two mirrors facing each other, with a candle lit in front of each of them. The girl should be alone in the room and sit opposite the mirror. Another mirror is behind her. She waits a long time for the arrival of her fiancé. If he doesn't come, it means she's destined to remain unmarried this year. If there is a wedding coming up, then her husband will be the person who appears in the mirror. According to popular beliefs, something terrible can happen, like what happened to Svetlana or Lyudmila. Experienced people advised young fortune tellers not to wait for events to develop (they can be very tragic), but, when they see their betrothed, to cover the mirror with a handkerchief and stop further testing fate.

3. Try to tell about the heroine of the ballad - Svetlana, about her friends, her fiance. Which of these stories turned out to be more thorough and detailed? Why?

The most detailed story can be about Svetlana, since the ballad conveys her experiences, expectations and adventures. She is the heroine of the work. Svetlana is a highly moral and deeply religious person. She never once betrayed her faith in God: neither during separation from her fiancé, nor during the terrible race. Entering an unknown hut, she crossed herself, sat down under the holy images, and this saved her from Lyudmila’s terrible fate.

The friends are just a background for the development of the plot; they listen to Svetlana’s complaints and advise her to resort to fortune-telling. We know about the groom that he is stately, affectionate, loves Svetlana, did not forget her in separation, expresses love with pleasant speeches.

4. Describe the pictures of the winter landscape in the ballad. Which lines correspond to the mood and state of the heroine?

In the ballad, Svetlana’s dream depicts a winter blizzard night illuminated by moonlight; There is emptiness and deep snow around the galloping sleigh drawn by horses. This winter landscape is gloomy, it evokes Svetlana’s anxious mood. And even the temple standing to the side reinforces the feeling of darkness and anxiety: from its doors comes the funeral service, there is a coffin there and the words of the memorial service “Be taken by the grave” are heard. After Svetlana awakens, nature is already celebrating the victory of good over evil, happiness over misfortune, evening, night and the moon are replaced by morning, afternoon, and sun.

5. What artistic devices (comparisons, epithets, metaphors) are most often used in a ballad?

From artistic means bright epithets should be noted: bitter fate, red light, dead silence, dead dream, plank gates, black corvids, greyhounds, menacing dreams, sweet lips, etc. They are of folklore origin and fit well into the folk style of ballads. Metaphors and hyperboles are also actively used in them. Material from the site

6. How can one explain the dancing character of the sound of the verse? What poetic meter does the poet use?

Christmastide is a festive week from Christmas to Epiphany, filled with various folk festivities and entertainment. The happy ending of the ballad also puts us in a festive mood.

Hence the choice of the style of the work, its dance sound, which corresponds festive mood people. The poetic meter is trochee.

7. Look at Zhukovsky's drawings. What about them resembles the landscapes of a ballad?

Reference. Everyone chooses a drawing to answer this question according to their own discretion. You can use the book “Drawings of Russian Writers”.

8. Find lines in the ballad filled with playfulness and fun. How do you explain their appearance in the ballad?
Gather together, old and young; Having moved the bells of the cup, in harmony Sing: many years! or There are great miracles in it, Very little stock.

The first lines are taken from wedding folklore; the second is one of the ending options folk tales like “I drank honey, it ran down my mustache, but it didn’t get into my mouth.” Or “A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it.”

Didn't find what you were looking for? Use the search

On this page there is material on the following topics:

• quotation plan for the ballad Svetlana
• what kind of ballads does Zhukovsky use in Svetlana?
• remember the description of girls' fortune telling
• Zhukovsky why Svetlana finds her happiness
• Svetlana Zhukovsky artistic media

Summary of a literature lesson in 6th grade

V. A. Zhukovsky. "Svetlana". Combination of lyrical and epic

in a ballad. Ballad imagery.

Target: Know how the lyrical and epic are combined in a ballad; be able to analyze the composition of a work and artistic means that help the author in creating imagery; practice a skill expressive reading.

During the classes

Epigraph

Almost everything I have is foreign or about

Someone else's, and everything, however, is mine.

V. A. Zhukovsky

Announcing the topic of the lesson.

Setting lesson goals.

You read V. A. Zhukovsky’s ballad “Svetlana” at home. Did you like it? How?

Teacher's word. We already became acquainted with the life of V. A. Zhukovsky in the previous lesson, when we read English and German ballads in his translation. I would just like to note that Zhukovsky wrote 39 ballads, almost all of them are translations from English and German languages, the poet has 5 original ballads. And the translations themselves are original works. The ballad “Svetlana” has become a kind of “ business card"poet, its name is Zhukovsky's nickname literary society"Arzamas". Although “Svetlana” is the second version of the translation of the German ballad by G.-A. Burger "Lenore" (1773), but in essence it is a completely independent work. It is no coincidence that Zhukovsky himself said: “Almost everything I have is someone else’s or about someone else’s, and everything, however, is mine” (epigraph).

Do you think these words can be attributed to the ballad “Svetlana”?

This ballad was created on Russian material and retained only a hint of literary motives the original source. Zhukovsky only borrows from Burger the traditional European literature plot: the return of the dead groom. What do we call such a plot?

(“wandering” plot)

Now let's turn to the text of the work. Name the features of the epic in a ballad.

(Plot, characters)

Name the plot elements.

(Exposition, plot, development of events, climax, denouement, epilogue).

Read the exposition. What is the intonation here?

(Leisurely, in the spirit of Russian folk tales).

What brings it closer to Russian folklore?

(The style of folk fairy tale narration is used. “Once on Epiphany evening...”)

Teacher's comment. Let me remind you that the Baptism of the Savior is celebrated on the night of January 5 to 6 (January 18 to 19, new style) - during the longest nights, dark and cold, it is especially powerful devilry. It is at this time that people wonder about the future. But for answers to their questions they turn not to the bright ones, but to dark forces, therefore, when doing fortune telling, the cross is removed.

Let us turn to the fortune-telling described by Zhukovsky.

Tell us about one of the fortune tellings described in the exhibition and show a drawing prepared in advance for it.

Individual tasks students.

“They threw a shoe behind the gate, / They took it off their foot...”

"The snow was shoveled..."

“...under the window / Listening...”

“...fed / Counting chicken with grain...”

“Ardent wax was drowned...”

"Into a bowl with clean water/ They put a gold ring, / emerald earrings...”

Teacher's comment. Similar fortune telling is also known on Kostroma land. After looking at the ethnographic collection, I learned that in our region, fortune-telling with a sundress was popular at Epiphany. The girls went to the crossroads and threw the sundress one by one, and where it would fall with the armholes, go in that direction and get married. Or more. On Epiphany evening, a lit torch was quickly immersed in water: if it went out quickly, live poorly, but if the fire went higher, live richly.

But let's return to the ballad. Thus, the exhibition already immerses us in the atmosphere of the Russian national life. We not only see girls fortune telling. We hear their songs. Which songs?

(“Subblinds (according to Dahl) – Christmas songs, which are sung by women during fortune telling, about Christmastide; from fortune telling:whoever believes will come true, where the things placed there are taken out one by one from a covered dish or from under an overturned dish.” This gives a special melody to the work).

What is the tie? What is the intonation of the opening?

(Scary, mysterious)

What is the role of the mirror?

(Look into the future, magic item).

What is Svetlana worried about? Why is she “silent and sad”?

(“My dear friend is far away...” Svetlana is worried about the fate of her fiancé)

How does the poet create a mysterious, enigmatic atmosphere? (After all, this is one of distinctive features ballads)

(Dead silence, flickering candle fire, the door creaked, the lock jingled).

What is the significance of the image of a raven in the ballad?

What technique does Zhukovsky use to create this anxious mood?

(Alliteration[ R] - sharp sound).

The raven is one of the traditional folklore images. What else folklore images and signs of Russian national color appear in the ballad?

(Raven, dove, winter, snow, sleigh, bell, icon, hut, cricket).

Indeed, all the mentioned details create a unique picture of Russian national life, and again we see a connection with Zhukovsky’s statement (epigraph). What image in the ballad contrasts with the image of the raven?

(White Dove)

What is this technique called?

(Antithesis)

What does the image symbolize? white dove?

(Christian symbol of protection and salvation).

Which episode is the climax?

(Svetlana is alone in the hut with a threatening dead man).

- What is the tone of this episode? Read it.

(Scary, alarming).

What were all these visions?

(A terrible dream, and such a dream promises good luck).

Which episode is the denouement?

(Return of the Groom).

And again a sharp change in intonation. What is she like?

(The intonation is bright, joyful, life-affirming).

Ballad is a lyric-epic genre. What is the lyricism of a ballad?

How do you imagine Svetlana?

(Oral word drawing using keywords).

And this is how the guys who wanted to draw this heroine saw her.

(Presentation of creative works).

Why do you think Zhukovsky uses sleep?

(This is one of the techniques in literature with the help of which the character of the heroes, their attitude to the world is revealed. In a dream - a reflection of Svetlana’s soul)..

Faith in providence, God, hope for a better, brighter perception of the world is the main motive of the ballad. How does Zhukovsky talk about this in the final part?

(“Our best friend in this life...”)

Lines from the prayer “Many years!” are intended to emphasize the victory of true faith in the heroine’s soul. And again, according to the traditions of folklore works, the ballad ends with the wedding of the heroes.

- Why do you think soldiers read Zhukovsky’s ballad during Patriotic War 1812? After all, the plot of the ballad would seem to be incompatible with these tragic events?

(This Russian work(where is the “Russian spirit”, where “Russia smells”). It has extraordinary beauty and poetry. She instilled in Russian soldiers faith in victory and confidence in their abilities. Russian soldiers could not allow the French to destroy this beauty and break the Russian spirit).

Summing up the lesson.

Homework.

Prepare a memorized reading of your favorite episode.

Extract from the ballad constant epithets, confirming the connection of Zhukovsky’s work with the fairy tale.

Prepare a short (plot) retelling of the ballad, defining the plot, climax, and denouement.

At Christmas time, “on Epiphany evening,” as was customary, the girls tried to guess their fate through various fortune-telling, which Zhukovsky lists at the beginning of the ballad. Svetlana, bored in separation from her fiancé, was also advised to try her luck. This is an exposition of a ballad. Svetlana chooses one of the most terrible fortune telling - with mirrors. The appearance of the groom and his invitation to go to church to get married is the beginning. The action develops rapidly. The horses are flying fast, there is a blizzard all around, there is steppe emptiness all around. The pale and despondent groom is silent. The horses rushed past the church in which a memorial service was being held for the deceased. Everything portends trouble. "The raven croaks: sadness!" The horses approached the hut under the snow. Everything disappeared: the horses, the sleigh, the groom. Lonely Svetlana entered the hut with a prayer and saw a coffin covered with a white blanket. A dove fawns over her. But then the dead man in the coffin began to stir. The climax of the ballad comes - Svetlana recognizes her fiancé in the dead man, and awakening occurs. Svetlana believes that the dream portends bad things. However, a happy ending is approaching: the groom joyfully arrives.

The same love is in his eyes, The same pleasant glances; The same sweet conversations on his sweet lips. Open, God's temple; You fly to heaven, Faithful vows.

The ballad ends with some morality, the author's instruction in the spirit of the Orthodox worldview - not to believe in dreams and fortune-telling, but to believe in the Providence of God. Here are my sense of ballads:

“Our best friend in this life is Faith in Providence. The good of the Creator is the law: Here misfortune is a false dream; Happiness is awakening.” Remember the description of girls' fortune telling on Epiphany evening. Which ones do you particularly remember?

At the beginning of the ballad, Zhukovsky gives a detailed picture of folk fortune-telling, which girls resorted to at Christmas time in order to find out their fate, mainly related to future marriage. They threw the shoes they had taken off their feet, listened under the window, fed the chickens with counting grain, and told fortunes with wax. But the most important and terrible fortune telling is waiting for the groom in front of mirrors and candles. According to descriptions in research literature, for example in Sakharov’s book “Tales of the Russian People,” this fortune telling occurs like this. A table for two persons is set in a dark room. It is located between two mirrors facing each other, with a candle lit in front of each of them. The girl should be alone in the room and sit opposite the mirror. Another mirror is behind her. She waits a long time for the groom to arrive. If he doesn't come, it means she's destined to remain unmarried this year. If there is a wedding coming up, then her husband will be the person who appears in the mirror. By folk beliefs, something terrible could happen, like what happened to Svetlana or Lyudmila. Experienced people advised young fortune tellers not to wait for events to develop (they can be very tragic), but, upon seeing their betrothed, to cover the mirror with a scarf and stop further testing fate.

Try to tell about the heroine of the ballad - Svetlana, about her friends, her fiance. Which of these stories turned out to be more thorough and detailed? Why?

The most detailed story can be about Svetlana, since the ballad conveys her experiences, expectations and adventures. She is the heroine of the work. Svetlana is a highly moral and deeply religious person. She never once betrayed her faith in God: neither during her separation from her fiancé, nor during the terrible race. Entering an unknown hut, she crossed herself, sat down under the holy images, and this saved her from Lyudmila’s terrible fate.

The friends are just a background for the development of the plot; they listen to Svetlana’s complaints and advise her to resort to fortune telling. We know about the groom that he is stately, affectionate, loves Svetlana, has not forgotten her in separation, and expresses his love with pleasant speeches.

Describe the pictures of the winter landscape in the ballad. Which lines correspond to the mood and state of the heroine?

In the ballad, Svetlana's dream depicts a winter blizzard night illuminated by moonlight; There is emptiness and deep snow around the galloping sleigh drawn by horses. This winter landscape is gloomy, it causes Svetlana to be in an anxious mood. And even the temple standing to the side enhances the feeling of darkness and anxiety: a funeral service can be heard from its doors, there is a coffin there and the words of the memorial service “Be taken by the grave” are heard. After Svetlana awakens, nature is already celebrating the victory of good over evil, happiness over misfortune, evening, night and the moon are replaced by morning, afternoon, and sun.

What artistic devices (comparisons, epithets, metaphors) are most often used in ballads?

Among the artistic means, bright epithets should be noted: bitter fate, red light, dead silence, dead sleep, plank gates, black corvid, greyhound horses, menacing dream, sweet lips, etc. They are of folklore origin and fit well into the folk style of the ballad. Metaphors and hyperboles are also actively used in them.

How can one explain the dancelike nature of the sound of the verse? What meter does the poet use?

Christmastide is a festive week from Christmas to Epiphany, filled with various folk festivities and entertainment. The happy ending of the ballad also puts us in a festive mood.

Hence the choice of the style of the work, its dance sound, which corresponds to the festive mood of the people. The poetic meter is trochee.

Look at Zhukovsky's drawings. What about them resembles the landscapes of a ballad?

Reference. Everyone chooses a drawing to answer this question at their own discretion. You can use the book "Drawings of Russian Writers".

Find lines in the ballad that are full of playfulness and fun. How do you explain their appearance in the ballad? Gather together, old and young; Having moved the bells of the cup, sing in harmony: many years! Or there are great miracles in it, I have very few in stock.

The first lines are taken from wedding folklore; the second is one of the ending options for folk tales like “I drank honey, it flowed down my mustache, but it didn’t get into my mouth.” Or “A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it.”

How to download free essay? . And a link to this essay; Questions and answers to V. A. Zhukovsky’s ballad “Svetlana” already in your bookmarks.

Additional essays on this topic

For the modern reader, the ballad "Svetlana" usually leaves a pleasant impression light fairy tale. What was perceived as intrigue and horror two hundred years ago now seems like a lullaby. Unfortunately, it is difficult for us to appreciate what was Zhukovsky’s clear and undeniable advantage in the eyes of his contemporaries: the lightness and freedom of verse. This seems natural to us. To contemporaries, after the works of, for example, Derzhavin, this seemed surprising. The ballad "Svetlana" was written on the plot of a ballad by the German poet Burger. Zhukovsky believed
IN Western Europe To early XIX centuries, the ballad genre was very popular. Ballads were written by outstanding authors: in England and Scotland - William Blake, Robert Burns, William Wordsworth, Walter Scott, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey and George Gordon Byron; in Germany - Johann Gottfried Herder, Gottfried August Burger, Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Ludwig Uhland. In French and Spanish literature this genre was less common. Traditions literary ballad had developed by that time:
The combination of music and poetry gave birth to such a genre as the ballad in the Middle Ages. Russian romanticism, which emerged in the first half of the 19th century, turned to this genre and introduced a lot of new things into it. Batyushkov and Zhukovsky became major romantic poets in Russian literature. In their work, they turned to the experience of European poets, for whom romanticism was in its heyday. An outstanding man of his era, V. A. Zhukovsky gave his romantic poems a deeply personal character. He believed that
In 2007, Ukrainian screenwriter and director Dmitry Tomashpolsky shot a four-part series Feature Film"The Moon at its Zenith" (Russia), based on Anna Akhmatova's unfinished play "Prologue, or a Dream within a Dream." The painting is constructed as Anna Andreevna’s memory of her past years. Images of Alexander Blok, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Marina Tsvetaeva, Nikolai Gumilyov emerge in Akhmatova’s memory. It’s interesting that this film was shot in natural interiors, so viewers can also see Akhmatova’s apartment in the frame.
Ballad is one of the favorite lyrical-epic genres of Russian romantics, which allowed them to completely move away from reality and create their own fantasy world, opposed to the world of reality. Such great poets as Zhukovsky, Pushkin and Lermontov turned to this genre. V. A. Zhukovsky, who is rightfully considered the founder of Russian contemplative romanticism, was the first to turn to the ballad. The development of this genre was very important for the self-determination of Russian romanticism. Most of the poet’s ballads are translated (“Lyudmila”, “Forest Tsar”, “Ivikov Cranes” and others), but
The novel (immortal work)ism as a literary movement determined A New Look writers and poets not only on what should be the subject of description and depiction in works, but also on what means artistic expression should be used for this. Portrayal of the sphere in literature human feelings, paintings of nature, the experiences of heroes, the themes of fate, friendship, love and death that were heard more and more often made it necessary for the emergence of new trends and genres. These genres were: epistle, elegy,
6–7th grades I 1. Today in the lesson we will move from the 21st century to the 18th century, to its last twentieth anniversary. (A timeline is drawn on the board, and the desired date is marked on it.) In culture and literature, this is the era of romanticism (under the date the sign “Roman (immortal work)ism" appears). For romanticism, like literary direction, characterized by an interest in the mysterious, otherworldly world, a rejection of the everyday, it is not without reason that researchers consider dual worlds to be the main feature of romanticism, the gaze of a romantic poet is riveted on the restless soul of a person, its impulses. U

Analysis of the ballad by V.A. Zhukovsky "Svetlana"

V. A. Zhukovsky is considered one of the fathers of Russian romanticism.
Thanks to his wonderful translations, domestic readers
the works of European romantics became known. In 1808
Zhukovsky translated the ballad of the German poet G. A. Burger “Lenora”,
renaming main character to Lyudmila. The translation was a success
but Zhukovsky continued to develop the German plot, more and more
bringing it closer to Russian reality. In 1812 the poet
finished one of his most famous ballads - “Svetlana”.
Based on the work of Burger, “Svetlana” is certainly
can be considered Zhukovsky's original creation.
"Svetlana" uses traditional for romantic
poetry plot. Returns to a lonely bride after a long separation
groom. He invites the maiden on a long journey, and she sets off
on a strange journey. Dark night, moonlight, deserted cemetery,
the ominous words of the groom - everything foreshadows some terrible
end. In the finale it turns out that the groom is the one who has come to life to take
the bride, the dead man, and the maiden die together into the grave
with him. Unlike "Lyudmila", in which Zhukovsky accurately embodied
scary and hopeless plot, “Svetlana” is a work
joyful, despite the presence in it afterlife. Heroine
ballad finds himself alone with his dead groom, but suddenly...
wakes up and meets in the light of day the one who has returned safely
beloved. If in “Lyudmila” mysticism permeates all the content,
then “Svetlana” is quite realistic, and the worst thing in the world
this ballad can only be a dream.
Zhukovsky brings the content of “Svetlana” as close as possible
to Russian life. Let's pay attention to the typical Russian name heroines.
Now you won’t surprise anyone with it, but it turns out that Zhukovsky came up with it.
I came up with it so successfully that the name came from literature
in life. The very first lines of the ballad remind us of the Russian
folk tradition fortune telling on the eve of Epiphany. Zhukovsky
lists national ways fortune telling: throwing behind the gate
shoe, “weeding” snow, feeding chicken with “counted” grain,
“sneaky” songs, looking into the mirror at midnight. These details
bring the romantic plot closer to Russian folklore.
A ballad is a story about something “wonderful.” Zhukovsky
masterfully creates a magical atmosphere, although the finale is ironic
remarks about his ballad:
There are great miracles in it,
Very little stock.
But at the beginning of the story we do not know that what is happening is only
heroine's dream. Svetlana prays for her lover to return.
At midnight, during fortune telling, the groom suddenly appears
and calls Svetlana to get married. She agrees, and the terrible thing begins
journey. Horses carry a sleigh with the bride and groom at night
snowy expanses, Svetlana’s lover is silent and “looks
into the moonlight, pale and sad.” Horses rush past the lonely
the church in which the funeral service is taking place. A snowstorm begins:
The snow is falling in clumps,
The black raven, whistling with its wing,
Hovering over the sleigh...
Subsequently, A. S. Pushkin set stanzas from the ballad, in which
the church and the blizzard are described as an epigraph to its
story "Blizzard".
In front of a lonely hut, the maiden magically remains
one. Entering the house, she discovers an “unresponsive resident” -
a dead man covered with a shroud. Svetlana waits in fear for the morning. To her
the “snow-white dove” flies in. By church canons, this
the image symbolizes the Holy Spirit. The dead man begins to come to life, but divine
the defender flutters onto his chest and deprives him of his strength. Svetlana
with horror he recognizes the groom in the dead man and wakes up.
The ending of the poem is upbeat and solemn. sunlight,
the crowing of a rooster, the ringing of a bell - everything contrasts sharply with the gloomy
sleep. The author directly wishes her happiness:
May her whole life be bright,
Be as cheerful as you were
days her friend.
The composition of the ballad allows Zhukovsky to achieve realistic
effect. The nightmare is in the “life” frame,
full of reliable details. Light and dark images of the poet
creates with the help of such artistic means as epithet,
personification, parallelism. In the realistic part of the ballad the epithets
mostly joyful: “ringing”, “stately”, “sweet”, “cute”
" The gloomy mood of sleep is conveyed by epithets: “sad,”
“lonely”, “black”, “scary”. Nature appears in the work
spiritualized: a cricket cries pitifully, a raven croaks ominously,
The rooster rejoices at the day. The technique of parallelism helps the author more clearly
display the heroine’s state: Svetlana’s mental turmoil is emphasized
a snowstorm, her joy - sunshine.
Zhukovsky actively uses interjections (“ah”, “o”, “chu”), rhetorical
exclamations and questions, gives the ballad a lively, energetic
sound.
The content of “Svetlana” is based on a German ballad.
However, we can safely consider Zhukovsky’s work independent.
Using a romantic plot, the author creates a deeply national
a creation close to folklore. Hopeless mysticism turns
V horrible dream, and life-affirming comes first
Start. Probably Zhukovsky overworked for so long
a German ballad, because he had a bright view of the world
and wanted to pass it on to my readers.