The main conflict of A. Ostrovsky's play “Dowry. A.N. Ostrovsky "Dowry": description, characters, analysis of the work

1. Calculation and feelings, their role in the development of the plot.
2. The image and fate of Larisa Ogudalova.
3. Representatives of the business world in the play.
4. The drama of injured pride: Yuliy Karandyshev.

In the play “Dowry” A. N. Ostrovsky clearly demonstrated that the main driving force in society is money. It is they who give a person the opportunity to manage others, to feel confident and independent: successful businessmen Knurov and Vozhevatov are respected people in the city, all doors are open to them, and they themselves are fully aware of all the advantages of their position: “Yes, you can do business with money, you can . It’s good for him, Vasily Danilych, who has a lot of money.” There is no “good” that cannot be purchased for money: the squandered nobleman Paratov sells his “volushka” for it, Larisa’s mother uses various tricks to fish them out from rich guests, for money Larisa herself, disappointed in love, is ready to go with Knurov, who doesn't mind having fun. The clever rascal, actor Schastlivtsev, is trying to extract material benefits from his acquaintance with rich people, having incurred debts on their account, and the petty official Karandyshev is trying his best to catch up with the rich, whom he secretly envies. Thus, we see that, to one degree or another, money influences the behavior of all the characters in the play.

What role do feelings, especially love, play in the development of the plot? Larisa, the main character of the play, is constantly in the spotlight, people talk about her, and admire her. However, of all the characters, only she experienced true love: “I was looking for love and did not find it. They looked at me and look at me as if I was funny. No one has ever tried to look into my soul, I haven’t seen sympathy from anyone, I haven’t heard a warm, heartfelt word,” Larisa comes to this conclusion. In fact, who from her environment is capable of high feelings? “No, somehow I, Moky Parmenych, don’t notice this in myself at all,” says the young merchant Vozhevatov about love. “I don’t know what “sorry” is. I, Mokiy Parmenych, have nothing cherished; If I find a profit, I’ll sell everything, whatever I want” - this is the true essence of Paratov, who for a long time seemed to Larisa the “ideal man.” And this man shamelessly lied to Larisa: “...I have no innate hucksterism; noble feelings are still stirring in my soul.” Knurov is at least honest: “...I am ready to offer you such enormous content that the most evil critics of other people’s morality will have to shut up and open their mouths in surprise.” And Karandyshev, who declares that he loves Larisa, treats her the same way as everyone else - as a thing, believing that he has the right to control her fate, her life: “So don’t let anyone get you!”

The internal conflict of the play lies in the fact that despite considerable attention from those around her, Larisa is actually immensely lonely. Not only that, but her concepts and aspirations do not fit into the system of prevailing values ​​in society. Larisa is alien to calculation and pretense, and this becomes the cause of her mental suffering. But she, for all her high virtues, does not know how to evaluate people. She takes Paratov's external brilliance for genuine breadth of soul; she believes this man even after he disappeared, having previously spoken beautiful words about your love. Since there is no lie in Larisa, she does not see it in others either; indignant that “everyone loves themselves”, that everyone thinks only of themselves, she, too, in essence, does not see those around her, she measures them by her own standards. Her decision to marry Karandyshev is an extremely unreasonable decision: even before the wedding it is clear that she, sensitive, vulnerable and proud, will not get along with this man, in whom the base instinct of possessiveness is extremely developed and his pride is painfully aggravated. And Larisa does not want and does not know how to look at her fiancé, as well as at her loved one, soberly - she fences herself off from the present Karandyshev with ghostly pictures of the future family life, in which the girl hopes to find peace of mind. But is it really possible to find spiritual harmony while being in the company of a person whom you do not love or even respect? “...You are too small, too insignificant for me,” but is this only true of Karandyshev? And Paratov? He, too, for all his brilliance, which Karandyshev so lacks, does not deserve respect.

In the play “Dowry,” Ostrovsky masterfully showed not only the character of the main character, but also the people around her. The hereditary merchants Knurov and Vozhevatov, despite the cynicism with which they cast lots as to who will take Larisa for maintenance, still turn out to be more honest than the nobleman Paratov. “The merchant’s honest word” still has value in the ideas of Knurov and Vozhevatov: “...Having given your word, hold on; but if you don’t give, be strong!” The honesty of these practical people, even if not burdened with high spiritual ideals, distinguishes them favorably from Paratov, immoral and cruel lie which becomes one of the reasons for Larisa’s death.

Ostrovsky shows others character traits successful businessmen: the arrogance of Knurov, who speaks only with a select few, the witty hypocrisy of Vozhevatov, who drinks champagne as if it were tea to avoid unnecessary gossip.

Clever businessmen secretly laugh at Paratov, who pays too much attention to social gloss, loves to spend money without counting, which is why he squandered it. Ostrovsky shows the shift in value priorities that has occurred in society: if previously a nobleman enjoyed greater respect than representatives of the merchant class (this theme is heard, for example, in the play “Our People - We Will Be Numbered”), now merchants allow themselves to make fun of the nobles’ indiscretion and ostentatious chic: “ ...Where is he! This is not a lordly thing. You will find profit if you buy it cheap.”

A striking contrast with the self-confident entrepreneurs and the brilliant master Paratov is the image of Yuli Karandyshev, Larina’s fiancé. The desire to “glorify himself” makes this person look pitiful and ridiculous. Karandyshev’s main problem is not even his insignificant income, but that he is trying to get on friendly terms with the rich, forgetting ancient wisdom: “The goose is not a friend to the pig.” This man has a painfully heightened sense of self-esteem—deeply aware of his own insignificance, Karandyshev suffers painfully from jealousy. He is ready to be jealous of Larisa for anyone; Wanting to somehow raise his own importance in her eyes, he inserts himself into conversations with inappropriate remarks, tries to tell Larisa how she should behave, and reproaches her for behavior that is, from his point of view, incorrect. But all these pathetic attempts to seem smart and significant suffer a crushing failure - Karandyshev increasingly reveals his personal failure. The murder of Larisa is the highest manifestation of the base emotions that engulf Karandyshev.

To sum up the above, we can say that Ostrovsky not only masterfully recreated the peculiarities of life in certain circles of society, he showed the tragic discrepancy between the world of clean money and the desire of the human soul for selfless love, but also showed characters who, with minor changes, still exist in society.

Drama "Dowry" (1879) became one of the peaks in Ostrovsky's dramaturgy. Here, each character is revealed with utmost authenticity and convincingness. The play consists of a number of large and significant scenes that are built in accordance with the logic of positions and situations.

Ostrovsky puts the fate of a woman at the center of the work, showing life from the most emotional and expressive side, contrasting cold and soulless calculation and selfishness with the sincerity, gullibility and recklessness of “hot hearts”.

“B” presents a piece of Russian life at the end of the 19th century. The impoverished nobles Ogudalovs, living in the provincial Volga city of Bryakhimov, with difficulty maintaining the appearance of prosperity and secularism, the rich businessmen Knurov and Vozhevatov, the “brilliant gentleman of the shipowners” Sergei Sergeich Paratov, the poor official, the “little man” Karandyshev, the traveling actor Robinson, the bartender, servants, gypsies - this is the cast of characters in the drama. The composition is quite varied, but accurately reflects the signs of Russian life at that time.

The play is unusual in composition. Overall, this is a climax drama, because it captures the moment of highest tension in the life of the main character Larisa Ogudalova. The painful experiences of being “dowryless,” a mental crisis due to a long and incomprehensible separation from Paratov, forced the girl to make a difficult decision for herself - to become the wife of the uninteresting and unattractive Karandyshev.

Larisa, who clearly idealizes Paratov, does not see his selfishness and callousness and recklessly follows him, not at all doubting his nobility. The shock from the deception turns out to be so severe, and the situation is so irreparable - honor is lost, faith in a loved one and in love itself is lost - that life loses all meaning for Larisa. But in order to leave it, she does not find the strength in herself and is forced to accept the law of bourgeois society, where beauty, being a commodity, is bought and sold. Larisa is ready to become Knurov’s kept woman, and only Karandyshev’s shot put an end to doubts, torment, and moral hesitations, ending the life of Larisa Ogudalova.

The play is structured in such a way that the main action develops in two streams - on stage and off stage. Only the most acute events take place on stage, situations are shown that reveal the psychological complexity of relationships and sharp turns in the development of the plot. Everything ordinary, everyday or everyday known remains outside the stage space. Thus, the playwright omits the scene of Larisa’s first meeting with Paratov, does not show her experiences after his departure (the viewer learns about this from the characters’ remarks), and there is no scene of Larisa’s trip across the Volga with the gypsies. The basis of drama is not only action, but also psychological process.

“B” is a play about a beautiful, extraordinary girl who finds herself in an ordinary bourgeois environment, which looks at her as a bright, attractive thing. The theme of purchase and sale permeates the entire work, is the main one and is stated at the very beginning of the drama, when there is a conversation about the “Swallow”, profitably bought by Vozhevatov from Paratov, about pleasures for which “you have to pay” (meaning the pleasure of visiting the Ogudalovs’ house ), that it would be nice to go to Paris with Larisa Dmitrievna for an exhibition, and that this woman is created for luxury and, like an expensive diamond, she needs an expensive frame. All the remarks regarding Larisa were not thrown by chance, they are developed, and in the finale their truly dramatic meaning is revealed: at the most difficult moment for Larisa, when she realizes that Paratov has cruelly deceived her, Knurov makes her an offer to go with him to Paris for an exhibition.

Larisa does not have the integrity and inner strength that was felt in Katerina. Her soul is tossing about pure love, about a noble groom, between the desire to love people, to live according to the laws of honor, according to the moral standards accepted among the nobility, and the ability to morally compromise.

The playwright emphasizes Larisa’s loneliness with an unexpected technique: the heroine dies to the accompaniment of a “loud choir of gypsies.” Before her death, she perceives Karandyshev’s shot as a blessing, as relief from suffering. To the sounds of a gypsy song, Larisa talks about love for people and sends a farewell kiss. At the beginning of the play, the Ogudalovs' house was compared to a camp; the play ends with a camp song. Beginnings and ends, causes and effects, temporary and eternal, are united. Dying, Larisa understands that she is a stranger to everyone, but at the same time she does not blame anyone: “Let those who have fun have fun... I don’t want to disturb anyone! Live, live, everyone!” her death is not an accident, but an inevitable death due to the incompatibility of this woman with a practical and cruel world.

“B” is a drama, but it is seen as tragic. A number of leitmotifs:

• Simplicity, which is shaded by the motive of wealth

  At the beginning of the play, the motive of tragedy arises: Larisa always feels like she is on the edge of an abyss

Like Katerina, she recklessly shows her feelings all the time. Simplicity and stupidity testify to this.

The motif of the “man of things” is not only found in Larisa, but also in Paratov.

The motive of the game - acting - is common to everyone except Larisa.

Dramatic conflict: “if you are a thing, it is expensive” => having lost love, she accepts what is offered to her.

Death is a manifestation of weakness, not strength, as it was for Katerina.

Two contenders for Larisa's heart - Paratov and Karandyshev. Both Knurov and Vozhevatov are related to the death of Larisa. However, Paratov and Karandyshev occupy a central place in the system of images. It was these heroes who pushed Larisa to the moral abyss. Paratov cruelly deceives the girl, uses her gullibility and selfless love, and Karandyshev, having no power over Larisa’s heart, kills her.

At first glance, these heroes are antipodes. Paratov is handsome, rich, “a brilliant gentleman from a ship owner,” and Karandyshev is a small, poor official with an uninteresting appearance. Paratov appears everywhere with style, attracting attention with every gesture, every step. Paratov finds it easily mutual language with people, arouses their admiration. Kharita Ignatievna, for example, speaks of Paratov like this: “Well done man... What a falcon! Look at you and rejoice." Larisa will deeply and strongly fall in love with Paratov, a brave and passionate admirer. Karandyshev, on the contrary, the girl, even agreeing to become his wife, almost despises. He is a straw for her, “for the cat.” the drowning man grabs." None of the characters speak of him with respect. “B-he’s proud, envious,” notes Vozhevatov. “Well, what is Karandyshev!” - with contempt and bewilderment Gov. Knurov, having learned about Larisa’s decision to marry this man. Those around him are unpleasant about Karandyshev’s envy, his embitterment, and his desire to be in a chosen society at all costs. Karandyshev and Paratov are rivals. The heroes have social networks. abyss. Karandyshev is “little h-k”, and Paratov is “the master of life”. He has a rule - “don’t forgive anyone, otherwise they will forget the fear and become forgotten.” And this is not an empty phrase, but one of the main qualities of Paratov, cat. can be defined as lordship. However, with a deep analysis of the characters and actions of Paratov and Karandyshev, we can conclude that the heroes have a lot in common. Both he and others are extremely proud and vain, love to impress, and achieve their goals by any means necessary. Both need Larisa for self-affirmation. For them she is a toy, a THING. Para-tov achieved that Larisa fell in love with him passionately, and he himself “beat off all the suitors, and there was no trace of him...”

Returning to Bryakhimov and inviting the girl for a ride on the Lastochka, Paratov coldly sacrifices her reputation to his whim. For him, the trip is a cheerful farewell to his bachelor life, and for Larisa, it is hope for a happy marriage with her loved one.

Karandyshev stubbornly waited for Larisa to be left without contenders for her hand, and he also achieved his goal: he became the girl’s fiancé. He can’t wait to experience the triumph of the winner, and after she agrees to marry him, he already looks at Larisa as his property.

Both Karandyshev and Paratov are not indifferent to Larisa, but at the same time they do not value the girl, do not listen to her words, and do not want to understand what is happening to her. The heroes revel in their power over Larisa. At the dinner party, Karandyshev is rejoicing; he is already enjoying his position as the future husband, the complete ruler of Larisa. He decides for her whether she will sing for the guests or not: “No, no, don’t ask, it’s impossible; I forbid..." Both heroes are to blame for the death of Larisa. Both the “little man” and the brilliant gentleman do not have true sensitivity and the ability to love unselfishly in their souls. They believe that in a world where everything is based on calculation, you can buy honor, love, and beauty. Larisa idealized both Paratov and Karandyshev. She perceived Karandysheva as a person with a kind soul, poor and misunderstood by others, she sincerely wanted to love him. Paratov was Larisa’s ideal man. She considered him noble and reliable, and dreamed of uniting her destiny with him. Too late, the girl realized that in the world of profit and self-interest there is no place for love.

Administration of the city of Solikamsk, Perm region

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Municipal budget educational institution

"Evening (shift) comprehensive school No. 3"

618556, Solikamsk Perm region, st. Frunze, 114. tel/fax 4-34-35

Email:

Literature lessons

for 10th grade

on the topic: “Analysis of the text of the drama by A.N. Ostrovsky "Dowry"

Performed:

Mankova Lyudmila Nikolaevna

MBOU teacher"VSSh No. 3" Solikamsk

Subject: Analysis of the text of the drama A.N. Ostrovsky "Dowry" (2-3 lessons on this topic).

Objective of the lessons: learn to work with text.

Tasks:

Test your knowledge of the text.

Analyze the images of the characters from the text by reading excerpts from the play.

Summarize the material studied to prepare for the essay.

Lesson plan:

Organizing time.

Analytical conversation (checking your knowledge of the text).

Discussion of the image of Ogudalova.

Characteristics of Paratov.

Discussion of the images of merchants Knurov and Vozhevatov.

6. Analysis of Karandashev’s image.

Summarizing and compiling reference summary.

Briefing homework.

During the classes:

Org moment.

Analytical conversation

What do you learn from the first two events of the play? What is their role in developing the plot of the play?

Student. At first glance, the first two phenomena of the play are an exposition containing purely informational material. But it is very important to notice a few details that are the basis for further development dramatic action of the play. The dialogue between Knurov and Vozhevatov mentions such events as imminent marriage Larisa, an invitation to lunch with Karandyshev - this news is the main one for the heroes.

What is the role of the scene of Larisa’s explanation with Karandyshev?

Student. From it we learn that Larisa still has not forgotten Paratov.

What do we know about Paratov?

Exercise.

How does Paratov behave when he learns about Larisa’s imminent wedding?

Student. His pride is hurt, but he doesn’t show it; he mockingly recalls how he courted her and almost got married. But his pride is hurt so much that he even forgets to ask who will become Larisa’s husband, he has only one thought - he was preferred to another!

What do you think is the role of this scene?

Student. This scene is the beginning of the conflict. Paratov decides to take revenge for the betrayal and show his superiority.

How do the events of the second act develop? Which ones do you consider the most important?

Student. The events of the second act are the development of the conflict, the approach of the climax. The most important are the scene of the meeting between Larisa and Paratov, the quarrel with Karandyshev. (students read these scenes by role).

How did lunch at Karandyshev’s turn out for its participants?

Student. Paratov, Knurov and Vozhevatov showed Larisa what a stupid thing she had done by agreeing to marry Karandyshev, they humiliated him in the eyes of the bride and made him a laughing stock.

What is the climax of the play?

Student. Larisa recklessly follows Paratov, she believes in his sincere desire to free her from such a wretched future. But Karandyshev is not going to remain idle; he decides to take revenge!

Exercise.

Retell events fourth act

What decision does Larisa make and why?

Student. Larisa could not commit suicide, but she also cannot return to Karandyshev, therefore, in despair, she decides to accept Knurov’s offer to go abroad with him, i.e. become a "thing".

Student. The murder of Larisa is shown as a blessing, as saving her from shame, as liberation from a humiliating life as a kept woman.

III. Discussion of the image of H.I. Ogudalova

What do we learn about the moral character and life principles of H.I. Ogudalova?

Student. Ogudalova's moral character is determined by her social position. Kharita Ignatievna is a hanger-on with noble gentlemen. Perhaps in her youth she led a luxurious life at the expense of her fans, but now she is trading on the beauty and talent of her daughter. In order to maintain her former lifestyle and ensure her old age, Ogudalova is ready to humiliate herself. She objects to Larisa: “We are poor people, we have to humiliate ourselves all our lives.”

How does she feel about Vozhevatov, Knurov, Paratov and Karandyshev? How does her speech change when talking to different people? Read and comment on short excerpts from Ogudalova’s conversations with Knurov and Paratov.

Student. She has her own approach to each of Larisa’s fans. She treats Knurov prudently: “... Mokiy Parmenych, I’m very grateful that I was honored...”. She agrees with him in everything and obsequiously repeats his words.

Ogudalova has a casual, friendly conversation with Paratov: “Oh, Sergei Sergeich! Oh, my dear! “What kind of wind blew it?” “Oh, you prankster. The remark to the last remark is typical: “He takes Paratov by the ear.” Kharita Ignatievna speaks dismissively and ironically to Karandyshev. After all, he is a poor groom. There is nothing to profit from him.

How does Kharita Ignatievna relate to Larisa and what role does she play in her fate? What goal does Ogudalova pursue when talking with Larisa on January 3? D. II about life in the village, about Karandyshev?

Student. The attitude towards his daughter is clearly revealed in a conversation with Knurov. Knurov hints that he is ready to take Larisa into custody: “The warm sympathy of a strong, rich man...”. Ogudalova does not seem to understand the hint and at the same time encourages Knurov: “Okay, how will this participation be found.” The trade took place. Larisa receives a wardrobe as a deposit, and Ogudalova receives 300 rubles. This is the money she sells her daughter for. After a conversation with Knurov, Ogudalova gradually prepares Larisa to break up with

Karandyshev, to life in the pay of Knurov. He talks about Karandyshev’s insignificance, about the unattractive aspects of life in the village.

For what purpose does Ostrovsky introduce the romances “Do not tempt me unnecessarily...” and “Mother Dove...” into the text of D. II?

Student. Larisa's feelings are expressed in the romances that she sings. Larisa asks to have pity on her and not subject her to new tests. But at the dinner party, Kharita Ignatievna again paints Karandyshev in the most unfavorable light for him; and when Larisa decides to go beyond the Volga for a picnic, Kharita Ignatievna does not hold her.

Characteristics of Paratov

Who is Paratov? How do other characters Knurov, Vozhevatov, Karandyshev characterize him? Why did Larisa fall in love with Paratov? What is the difference between Paratov and the people who surround her and what are the similarities?

Student. The essence of Paratov’s personality is defined in the list of characters as a “brilliant gentleman.” But this is not the brilliance of intelligence, character or culture, it is external, ostentatious brilliance. Characteristics of Paratov are given from different points of view. “Paratov lives in style,” Knurov says about him condemningly. “What else, but chic is enough,” Vozhevatov agrees with him. Before Paratov's arrival, there was a commotion in the city. He is greeted with a salute - a shot from a cannon. The gypsies, servants, coachmen - everyone is glad of his arrival: the master pays generously. When he appears, Ivan “runs out of the coffee shop with a whisk and rushes to sweep Paratov.” And signs of servility are pleasant to him.

What are moral principles Paratova? How do they reveal themselves in their relationship with Larisa? Comment on the dialogues between Paratov and Larisa in the phenomenon. 8, D. II, in yavl. 12, D. III and in yavl. 7, D. IV.

Student. A person is judged by his actions. In episodes during a trip along the Volga and with a bet, he reveals himself as a gambler. The stake is your life and the life of your beloved girl. And all this for the thrill. There is daring and daring in his actions, but one cannot but agree with Karandyshev’s words: “He has no heart, that’s why he is so brave.” And Paratov himself says about himself: “I don’t know what “sorry” is. I, Mokiy Parmenych, have nothing cherished; If I find a profit, I’ll sell everything, anything.”

What is the relationship between the sale of “Swallow” and the fate of Larisa? What is Paratov’s philosophy of life?

Student. Just as easily he parted with “Swallow,” he just as easily left Larisa. “Swallow” - seagull (translation of Larisa’s name). Life philosophy Paratov is revealed in his words: “Yes, gentlemen, life is short, philosophers say, so you need to be able to use it.” The main thing for him is money. For their sake, he sacrifices love, is ready to sell his freedom. In conversations with Larisa we see his posturing, heartlessness, and spiritual callousness.

What are the similarities and differences between Paratov and Pechorin?

Student. He, like Pechorin, is an egoist who brings suffering to his loving wife. But Pechorin is a deeper nature. This is a person who is not satisfied with the petty life of society, who cannot find work within his strength. Paratov is a narcissistic egoist. He is more reminiscent of Grushnitsky. Money, position in society - what Pechorin calmly passed by - make up Paratov’s life.

Discussion of the images of merchants Knurov and Vozhevatov

Comparing merchants of the old and new formations, G.I. Uspensky, in his essay “The Book of Checks,” wrote: “The old-fashioned merchant... lived by deception, wealth came to him in dark ways... The merchant was the cash cow of everyone who represented any kind of power... the old guy considered his business in the depths souls “not quite like a god,” but the new one, on the contrary, has no doubt at all that his business is real and that the fatherland even owes him gratitude for the fact that he sacrifices his capital for the common good, and although he acts “out of personal benefits, but gives bread to others...”

How do Knurov and Vozhevatov differ from the merchants depicted in the drama “The Thunderstorm”? What imprint does social position leave on the characters, psychology, and behavior of merchants?

Student. Knurov and Vozhevatov belong to a new type of merchants. Unlike the Wild, they received a decent education. Knurov is reading a French newspaper and is getting ready to go to an exhibition in Paris. From the conversation between Gavrila and Ivan, we learn that Knurov is closed and taciturn. He has no equal in position in the city. Even with Vozhevatov he behaves patronizingly and condescendingly. Tyrant merchants are characterized by complete disregard for public opinion. Now merchants are forced to take into account what they will say about them. They develop special tactics based on deceiving public opinion. This is Vozhevatov’s idea to drink champagne from teapots, “so that people don’t say anything bad about him.”

What are the relationships between merchants?

Student. Based on the dialogue between Knurov and Vozhevatov, we judge the relationship between the merchants. They are united in relation to the people dependent on them, but behind the external complacency one feels wariness and distrust of each other. When Knurov asks Vozhevatov about his business affairs, Vozhevatov gives evasive answers.

How does Knurov’s attitude towards Larisa characterize? What is the true reason behind his attitude?

Student. In his relationship with Larisa, Knurov’s cynicism is hidden behind a mask of respect and ostentatious goodwill: he kept thinking about Larisa Dmitrievna,” he turns to Vozhevatov before casting lots. “It seems to me that she is now in such a position that we, close people, are not only not allowed, but we are even obliged to take part in her fate. In reality, they decide to take advantage hopeless situation Larisa. Knurov has no doubt that Larisa will accept his offer to go to him for support, since she knows the extent of her power over people. He tells her: “For me, the impossible is not enough. Don’t be afraid of shame, there will be no condemnation...”

What is Vozhevatov’s attitude towards Larisa?

Student. Vozhevatov, like Knurov, is a calculating egoist. He talks about Larisa's fate with a laugh. It is a great pleasure for Vozhevatov to visit the Ogudalovs’ house, joke with Larisa, and listen to her sing. But he will never lose his head, he subordinates his feelings to sober calculation: “No, somehow I, Moky Parmenych, don’t notice this in myself at all... what is called love,” he says to Knurov. And he approves of him: “Commendable, you will be a good merchant.”

When is Vozhevatov’s callous attitude towards Larisa most clearly manifested? How does this characterize him as a merchant? What was the basis of life for merchants of that time?

Student. Vozhevatov’s cold prudence and callousness are especially clearly revealed in Act V. “Vasya, I’m dying! - Larisa turns to Vozhevatov in despair, we have known each other since childhood... what should I do - teach me!” But he refused to help her. Because, firstly, in this society, everyone is for himself, and after Vozhevatov realized that Larisa could not be his mistress, his toy, he lost interest in her; secondly, the point is a peculiarly understood merchant honor. Vozhevatov gave Knurov his word and cannot break it, even if a person died before his eyes. My word of honor is a merchant's mark.

Analysis of Karandyshev's image

Who is Karandyshev?

Student. Karandyshev grew up in a bourgeois environment, experiencing humiliation from childhood powerful of the world this. He condemns their morals and behavior, but at the same time envies them and claims to be the master of life; he is very ambitious. A minor official, Karandyshev tries to prove to everyone that he is no worse than others. He constantly teaches and reads instructions.

How does he behave with Vozhevatov, Knurov, Paratov and others?

Student. We can judge his attitude towards other heroes by his speech. He is friends with Vozhevatov: “Vasily Danilych, that’s it: come and dine with me today!” It sounds casual and familiar. He respectfully talks to Knurov: “Mokiy Parmenych, would you like to dine with me today?” Karandyshev is arrogant with servants. And in this change in the shades of the hero’s speech, his servile, bureaucratic nature is revealed. Everyone mocks him: both merchants and servants. Knurov ignores Karandyshev, shielding himself from him with a newspaper.

How is the relationship between Karandyshev and Larisa? (D. I, appearance 4; D. II, appearance 6; D. III, appearance 11,13,14; D. IV, appearance 10-11).

Student. Challenging Paratov's inconstancy, Larisa is ready to marry Karandyshev. Let's see how Larisa's attitude towards Karandyshev changes (an excerpt is read from the words “You yourself mean something, but from comparison with Sergei Sergeevich you lose everything...” to “I’m too dear to you.”)

Of course, Larisa did not like Karandyshev. She decides to marry him, trying to find something good in him. Betrothal to him is an attempt to escape from home, a desire to forget Paratov, a search for a quiet corner where she can become a free seagull. But Karandyshev failed to understand her. For him, marriage with Larisa is an opportunity to enter the society of the elite, those whom he hates, but whom he blindly imitates.

What is the complexity of Karandyshev’s image? How does it make you feel?

Student. But Karandyshev causes us not only laughter and condemnation. We understand that behind his self-confidence lies an inner timidity. His attempts to stand in line with the merchants are absurd, but we watch with bitterness the brazen mockery of him by the masters of life. Larisa's flight with the merchants is for him terrible disaster. He feels confusion, bitterness, and a feeling of being offended. human dignity, and impotent anger. He decides to take revenge on his offenders.

Summing up the discussions

Let's summarize our lessons and draw up a supporting summary. Compilation

We will begin the supporting summary by indicating the dates of writing of the plays “The Thunderstorm” and “Dowry”: 1859 and 1878, and we will arrange the names dramatic works and dates on opposite sides of the top of the notes.

Let's ask students a question:

What can be seen in common in these two works of the playwright?

We will record the answer to this question in a brief form in the outline, placing this entry in the line between the titles of the works.

1) Volga; Kalinov and Bryakhimov are small towns;

2) the cruelty of morals reigning in these cities is combined with a thirst for profit;

3) lives and suffers in both cities extraordinary personality, not accepting lies, striving for freedom, beauty and love;

4) the play ends tragic death the heroine who is the center of the drama.

So, at the center of his narrative, Ostrovsky, as in the drama “The Thunderstorm,” puts the heroine, Larisa Ogudalova. According to N. Skatov, “the names of Ostrovsky’s plays are, as a rule, symbolic. “Dowry” sounds like a terrible symbol. The best of the best is the dowryless one.” (Mark the center of the notes and write down: “Larisa Ogudalova.”)

Prove the accuracy of the description given by Nikolai Skatov to Larisa Ogudapova - “the best of the best.”

Student. Vozhevatov, talking over morning “tea” with Knurov, says about Larisa: “The young lady is pretty, she plays the different instruments, sings, free circulation.” Knurov happily supports: “It’s nice to see her alone more often, without interference... this woman is made for luxury.” Vasily Danilych, who has known Larisa since childhood, notes the most important thing that distinguishes her from her mother, Kharita Ignatievna Ogudalova: “That mother is all cunning and flattery, but this one suddenly, out of the blue, says that it’s not necessary.” Knurov clarifies: “That is, the truth?”

As students perform, a note is made in the notes (under the name of the heroine):

Larisa Ogudalova: a richly gifted person; endowed with a bright, unique character; distinguished by sensitivity, impressionability; she is characterized by gullibility, sincerity, straightforwardness; love lives in the heroine’s heart; the heroine's soul is like a bird, etc.

Stage history The play "Dowry" indicates that the success of the drama directly depended on the understanding of the actress who played the role of Larisa, author's intention. In 1896 on stage Alexandria Theater Larisa was played by Vera Fedorov on Komissarzhevskaya.

Larisa, performed by V.F. Komissarzhevskaya, appeared as a heroine, detached from the trifles of everyday life, standing above everyday vulgarity, endowed with amazing spiritual purity, striving to break out of the circle of indifference and cruelty.

The word “circle” is key in compiling the next part of the outline. We set the task of defining the circle of indifference and cruelty.

Name the characters in the play surrounding Larisa. Name the nature of the heroine’s attitude towards this person.

Student. Kharita Ignatievna Ogudalova. The relationship of an obedient, understanding daughter.

Yuliy Kapitonich Karandyshev. The heroine hopes that Karandyshev will take her away from here, save her from a vulgar, low life.

Vasily Danilych Vozhevatov. Larisa has known this young man since childhood and believes that they have friendly relations.

Mokiy Parmenych Knurov. He sees in this respectable person loyalty and support from his elder.

Sergei Sergeich Paratov. Larisa loves him.

What do these characters have in common? What is the difference?

The first reaction of students is surprise: what is common between absolutely different heroes?

But in Ostrovsky’s text we read how Karandyshev is surprised: “Well, why am I worse than Paratov?” Does Larisa notice this question?

Student. “...the comparison will not be in your favor.” Karandyshev demands evidence. Let us also turn to the assessments given to Paratov and Karandyshev by those who know them, have seen them and met them in various situations. According to Larisa, Paratov is the “ideal man” because he has some kind of special courage. What she witnessed remained in the heart and memory of the heroine: “I myself saw how he helped the poor, how he gave away all the money that was with him.”

Opinion of Kharita Ignatievna Ogudalova, we note the differences in the summary: Paratov is a brilliant gentleman, charming, good-looking; everyone knows; Larisa loves him. Karandyshev - a minor official; insignificant, humiliated by everyone; unknown to anyone; Larisa doesn't love him. That, perhaps, is all that distinguishes these heroes. Is Karandyshev a victim? Yes. Unhappy person?

Let us turn to the interpretation of the names of these characters in “Dowry”. The playwright most likely formed the surname Paratov from dialect word poraty, which means “brisk, strong, stalwart.” This explanation is given in Dahl's dictionary. In some reference books there is such an explanation of the surname? paraty is a dexterous, predatory animal. But the surname Yulia Kapitonich Karandyshev is derived from karandysh, karandishka, that is (according to Dahl) “short, runt, short person.”

Give examples of statements by Paratov and Karandyshev that could be called key, that is, characterizing their life positions. (We will record the statements in notes.)

Student. Paratov: “I don’t know what “sorry” is. I... don’t have anything treasured, I’ll find a profit, so I’ll sell everything, whatever.”

Karandyshev: “I suffered many, many injections for my pride, my pride was insulted more than once; Now I want and have the right to be proud and magnified.” “Well, why am I worse than Paratov?”

Both heroes get married. What does marriage mean to each of them?

Student. Both heroes get married in order to improve their situation: neither Paratov has anything (he simply squandered everything), nor Karandyshev.

How can one explain this situation for Paratov and Karandyshev?

Student. Paratov and Karandyshev lack business acumen, the ability to think and act sensibly, to curb their emotions, and to subdue their desires. In a small provincial town where everyone knows each other, business qualities The smallest official is thoroughly known, but there is not a word about the ability to conduct any business by the Karandyshevs or Paratovs.

How do Paratov and Karandyshev feel about Larisa?

Student. Sergei Sergeich opens up with his friends. And it is no coincidence that the playwright constructs the scene of explanation in this way: Paratov makes a terrible confession for the heroine not alone with Larisa, but when Knurov and Vozhevatov appear from the coffee shop: the “brilliant gentleman” leaves his victim to be torn to pieces by other predators.

Yuliy Kapitonich Karandyshev represents the type “ little man" At the same time, Karandyshev strives with all his might to join the world of the powerful, dreams of a beautiful, luxurious life for show so that others would envy him too. He has destroyed everything human in himself and with a fatal shot puts an end to it: this woman must belong to him! Otherwise - “don’t get it from anyone!” Cruel morals reigning in the city of Bryakhimov, completely corrupted the petty official.

An entry appeared in the notes reflecting what Paratov and Karandyshev have in common: they get married in order to improve their financial situation; lack business acumen and the ability to think and act sensibly, to curb their emotions; completely inhumane towards Larisa; advantages turn out to be imaginary, etc.

The next stage of compiling a summary is an analysis of issues related to the images of Vozhevatov and Knurov.

The surname of Mokiy Parmenych Knurov is derived from the word knur - “hog, laid boar, boar” (according to Dahl).

The surname Vozhevatov comes from the leader, leader, that is (again according to Dahl) this is the one “who knows how to get along with people, a courteous, polite, friendly, entertaining interlocutor”, in combination the leader of the people is cheeky, shameless.

Let's remember the characteristics of the images of Knurov and Vozhevaty?

When characterizing the images of Knurov and Vozhevatov, students talk about how these merchants differ from Dikoy, that is, the merchant depicted in the drama “The Thunderstorm,” and explain how the merchants relate to each other and to Larisa. The result is a note in the notes: new type merchants; complete disregard for public opinion; wariness and distrust of each other; cold prudence and callousness.

One more, final link that closes the circle of indifference and cruelty, beyond which the “hot heart” of the heroine of the drama “Dowry” is torn. This is Kharita Ignatievna Ogudalova, mother of Larisa Dmitrievna. A.N. Ostrovsky begins his characterization of this character, number one on the list of characters, with a name in which all three components (first name, patronymic, last name) speak volumes.

So, the name Charita comes from the Greek word charis, which means “grace, charm, beauty.” In Moscow at the time of the playwright, every gypsy was called Ignati. The surname Ogudalova is formed from the verb “ogudati”, which is interpreted as follows: to deceive. Let's put everything together and get the following: before the audience is not just a middle-aged widow, but a lovely gypsy who dresses gracefully and, unlike her daughter, boldly and beyond her years. (We write down the meaning of the name in the notes.)

How does Kharita Ignatievna feel about her daughter?

Student. Kharita Ignatievna cannot understand the desire of her daughter, who dreams of immediately leaving Bryakhimov for the village immediately after the wedding. She has no idea what is going on in Larisa’s soul.

Kharita Ignatievna has a lot in common with Knurov, Vozhevatov and other people in this circle. But the main thing is that they all look at Larisa asthing.

Based on the provisions indicated in the summary, show the main features of the play “Dowry”.

Student. 1. At the center of the play “Dowry” A.N. Ostrovsky placed the heroine, since in the conditions of Russian post-reform reality the playwright did not find a hero endowed with high moral qualities, capable of performing such actions that would clearly indicate his desire to fight evil, reigning in the world. If successful businessmen did any good, it was only nice gesture, the purpose of which is to attract attention to oneself, and not a sincere desire to do good.

2. The play “Dowry” is a psychological drama, since all attention is focused on the feelings and movements of the heroine’s soul, and not on actions. “The line of struggle,” we read in the article by A.I. Zhuravleva “The Thousand-Year Monument of Russia,” which opens the collection selected works writer "Theater and Life" - passes through the soul of Larisa herself, her personality is devoid of integrity, and she herself is a battlefield between the spontaneous desire for purity and false ideas about life values. Thus, at the center of the play is a contradictory nature, and the most suitable genre for embodying such a character is precisely the psychological drama.” (Annex 1)

VIII. Homework

Drawing up topics and plans for essays.

Bibliography

Zolotareva I.V., Mikhailova T.I. Lesson-based developments on literatureXIXV. 10th grade 1st semester. 2nd half of the year. Ed. 3rd, rev. and additional Updated set of lessons. M.: "VAKO", 2004.

The concept of the drama “Dowry” was conceived by A. N. Ostrovsky in 1874. The original plot was completely different (an old woman with three daughters, two lovers). According to some reports, the writer developed the original version under the impression of the Kineshma case of a husband killing his wife out of jealousy. A big role in the scandalous story was played by the “millionaire” I. A. Konovalov (a possible prototype of Knurov).

The play was completed at the end of 1878. A few days later its premiere took place at the Moscow Maly Theater.

Meaning of the name

The title "Dowry" refers to main character and her life tragedy. Larisa does not have a good dowry, which in Ostrovsky's era was a serious obstacle to marriage.

The main theme of the work

The main theme of the work is the tragic fate of the homeless woman.

Larisa is a very beautiful, educated girl with a taste for music. These undoubted advantages attract fans to her. But as soon as admirers of Larisa’s talents find out that she is poor, the courtship stops. Nobody wants a poor wife who has to be supported.

Kharita Ignatievna continues to have high hopes for Larisa. She specifically attracts young people to the house, forcing her daughter to entertain them. The eldest Ogudalova admits that Larisa has absolutely no feminine cunning. If Larisa had wanted to, she would have “wounded” a rich man long ago. The girl hates lies and pretense. She dreams of pure great love.

Larisa’s dream began to come true when she met Paratov. For the first time, the girl saw a real man who appreciated her personal merits, and not her financial situation. However, Sergei Sergeich suddenly disappeared; The life of the homeless woman fell into the usual rut, boring to tears.

Larisa makes the decision to marry the insignificant Karandashev out of despair before the collapse of her dreams. A marriage with Yuliy Kapitonich will not bring her happiness, but at least it will allow her to take a certain position in society and take her out of the “booth” into which her house, filled with suitors through her mother’s efforts, has turned.

Paratov's unexpected return becomes the cause of the tragedy that unfolds. Dead hopes come to life again in Larisa's soul. She, without hesitation, leaves her fiancé and goes after her loved one. Having given herself to Paratov, Larisa is sure that this automatically makes them husband and wife. Sergei Sergeevich's gross deception inflicts the last blow by a dreamy girl. She no longer expects anything from her disgusted life.

Larisa remains grateful to Karandyshev for his fatal shot. Only in this terrible way does she manage to break free and stop feeling the stigma of being homeless.

Issues

Larisa's main problem is that due to the lack of a dowry, no one around her sees her as a living person with her own feelings and desires.

The mother dreams of getting rid of her daughter as quickly as possible and hopes to improve her financial situation with the help of her profitable marriage. For Knurov and Vozhevatov, Larisa is a toy, an “expensive diamond” that requires an “expensive frame” and a “good jeweler.” Both businessmen play a toss with the girl in the finale with open cynicism.

Ilya Kapitonich seems to really love Larisa, but after receiving the girl’s consent to marriage, his attitude changes. The quiet and modest official is transformed. Larisa becomes for him just a successful means to finally satisfy his pride. It is no coincidence that the homeless woman says to her fiancé: “...I am a doll for you, you will play with me, break me and throw me away.”

The opportunity to “play” with Larisa is provided “ the ideal man" For Sergei Sergeevich, using an “expensive toy” is not an option a lot of work, because the homeless woman believed him and was cruelly deceived.

Larisa’s fall also did not particularly excite anyone except herself. Paratov speaks of “instant infatuation.” Knurov is even pleased with this, since the “expensive diamond” becomes much more affordable. The pitiful Karandyshev hopes to once again take possession of the now fallen woman.

Another problem raised in the drama is the appearance in Russia in late XIX century of a new type of people. “Millionaire businessmen” like Knurov, having amassed fabulous fortunes in a short time, felt like complete masters of life. Larisa and Karandyshev seem to them to be such small people that their feelings and desires do not matter.

Composition

The drama consists of four acts with a clearly defined exposition (the conversation between Knurov and Vozhevatov), ​​a beginning (the arrival of Paratov), ​​a climax (the gala dinner and the flight of the bride) and a denouement (the murder of Larisa).

What the author teaches

Using the example of Larisa Ogudalova, Ostrovsky shows what a callous attitude towards a living person can lead to. The fate of the smart and beautiful girl She found herself mercilessly broken only because she had no money.

Show a deeper acquaintance with the work of A. N. Ostrovsky. During his forty years of work, he wrote about fifty original plays. It is clear that in literature lessons it is impossible to give a truly complete idea of ​​the wealth of Ostrovsky’s entire theater. But it is still necessary to show the main stages of the playwright’s path not only from the textbook and using the example of one work, textually studied at school (“The Thunderstorm”). It is important to trace how the playwright’s worldview and his attitude towards the merchants change from the first work “Our People – Let’s Be Numbered!” to works of a later period: “Mad Money”, “Snow Maiden”, “Dowry”, without avoiding the study of the programmatic work “The Thunderstorm”.

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Lesson analysis

based on the play by A.N. Ostrovsky

"Dowry"

Lizunkova Irina Vladimirovna, teacher of Russian language and literature

The article belongs to the section: teaching the Russian language

Lesson format:illustrations of the play's production at the Maly Theatre; film adaptation by E. Ryazanov (experience shows that it is recommended to get acquainted with the film before discussing the play in class in order to more emotionally perceive the work); poster: “Dowry on the stage of various theaters” (students prepare the poster themselves).

Lesson objectives: deeper acquaintance with the work of A. N. Ostrovsky. During his forty years of work, he wrote about fifty original plays. It is clear that in literature lessons it is impossible to give a truly complete idea of ​​the wealth of Ostrovsky’s entire theater. But it is still necessary to show the main stages of the playwright’s path not only from the textbook and using the example of one work, textually studied at school (“The Thunderstorm”). It is important to trace how the playwright’s worldview and his attitude towards the merchants change from the first work “Our People – Let’s Be Numbered!” to works of a later period: “Mad Money”, “Snow Maiden”, “Dowry”, without avoiding the study of the programmatic work “The Thunderstorm”.

This is where beauty leads... into the deep end.

A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"

During the classes

I. The teacher's word.

1.Features of A. Ostrovsky’s creativity in 1870-1880.

The creativity of this period is characterized by:

Sustainable themes;

Touches to the psychological physiognomy of the Russian character;

Strengthening social and political generalizations, on the one hand, deepening lyricism, appealing to universal human values, on the other side;

Increased attention to an unprotected person who stands out sharply for his moral qualities and complex spiritual world;

Folklore replaces classic literature(Paratov, for example, quotes “Hamlet”);

Folk song is being replaced by romance (Larissa sings Boratynsky’s romance “Don’t tempt me unnecessarily”).

II. The history of the creation of the play "Dowry".

Performances by students with individual assignments.

III. Working with students based on Ostrovsky’s play “Dowry” (1879).

The need to make sense of and ridicule social relations and interest in the life of the heart - this, as a rule, “coexisted” with Ostrovsky in one work of art. We will base our conversation on this feature.

Conversation plan

1. The kingdom of predatory, chained and smart businessmen (checking homework - table “Life position of significant persons in the city”).
2. “Women’s question” in Russia in the 1870-1890s (ind. assignment).
3. “I was looking for love...” The image of Larisa Ogudalova.
4. Katerina Kabanova and Larisa Ogudalova. Comparative characteristics.

1. “The kingdom of predatory, chain and smart businessmen”or " significant persons in the city".

Merchants from small traders become millionaires, establish international connections, and receive a European education. Merchant characters become more refined and complex. This is now a cultural bourgeois entrepreneur.

What is life position Knurov, Vozhevaty and Paratov?

(Students read quotes from the table they filled out at home.)

Working with a table.

So, we see that the merchants of post-reform Russia are far different from the bearded tyrant merchants. Many of the businessmen of recent times have studied finance and know the secrets of banking operations. Unlike the Zamoskvoretsk pioneers, they have studied and are studying the European experience of enrichment. It is no coincidence that Knurov, when visiting Bryakhimov, is mostly silent: there are no interesting interlocutors. He travels abroad to talk, sometimes to St. Petersburg or Moscow. To keep up to date with the matter, the owners of mines, steamships, and factories visit industrial exhibitions in Paris, read European newspapers, and seek the company of diplomats. There are art connoisseurs among them.

What, for example, is the charm of Knurov and Vozhevaty?

They behave with dignity, are able to appreciate beauty, and sincerely admire talent.

And yet, what was hidden under the external veneer of “civilized”, “Europeanized” businessmen?

At the heart of the actions of the post-reform bourgeoisie, in terms of the scope of their activities, methods of accumulation, way of life, and external gloss, so unlike the pre-reform bearded merchants, lay the same predatory law: “To yourself, to yourself alone.”

Knurov seemed to care about Larisa, offering his help and asking her mother whether she had thought enough about marrying off her daughter to a poor man. In reality, he is finding out whether it is possible in this “respectable” way, with the assistance of his mother, to make the girl my mistress. Like patriarchal tyrants, these people never give up their desires and are cruel in achieving their goals. “For me, the impossible is not enough,” admits Knurov.

What is the complexity of Paratov’s character?

- What reflects the paradox of the breadth of the Russian person: the ideal coexists with the greatest ugliness; spiritual upsurges culminate in the triumph of sober prose.

- Paratov is a simulated image of a living person who decides his own destiny, having both his vices and his positive features. The positivity of this image lies in the breadth of his soul, firmness and determination in taking life’s steps. Traits characteristic of the original Russian character.

- When communicating with people, he maintains a level corresponding to the status of a “brilliant gentleman.” Paratov wins, makes mistakes, sins and forgives himself... The strength of this image is in its contradiction. Attractiveness lies in his vices. Extremes coexist organically in him. Scope and extravagance in everything: money, feelings, material and spiritual expenses. This cannot leave anyone indifferent: in men it evokes envy and a desire to imitate; women have admiration. But even those who have enough life experience and sanity in order to assess the danger of his presence nearby, most of them surrender to the mercy of the seducer, succumbing to the magic of his brilliance, excitement, and male attraction. “Who do you look up to? Is such blindness possible! Sergei Sergeich... This is the ideal of a man.” Not only Larisa, but also hundreds of modern female readers sympathize with him, forgiving him everything in advance, like Larisa in the play, and dooming themselves to burn in his flame; they do not want to notice what he himself does not hide: his destructive essence.

- Paratov is accustomed to success, accustomed to taking the best in life and not burdening himself with considerations of cost, even in the form of responsibility for the fate of those “whom he has tamed.” His life principle: “...if I find a profit, I’ll sell everything...” He has nothing treasured.

Conclusion. The only one alive soul in the world of cold and calculating businessmen - Larisa Ogudalova.

1. Ostrovsky's drama was usually called the drama of a heroless era. The “hero in a tailcoat” (nobleman) and the intellectual are not wealthy. The cultured bourgeois entrepreneur, as we have just seen in the example of the heroes of the play, upon closer examination is also not suitable for the role of a hero.

From the point of view of many, Ostrovsky limits himself to ridiculing everyone.

At the center of Ostrovsky’s drama, as a rule, is a woman, a pure nature, who becomes the object of the struggle of morally bankrupt contenders for the role of hero.

It is this woman who becomes the heroine of Ostrovsky’s works. And this is no coincidence.

During this period, the “women’s issue” intensified due to concrete successes in the struggle for higher education(in 1872, Higher Women's Courses opened in Moscow and St. Petersburg). A striking example of the fact that a woman is no longer satisfied with the role of being with her husband or “behind her husband” is Sofya Perovskaya, who headed the Narodnaya Volya organization. She was an educated, decisive and courageous woman (she was hanged along with four Narodnaya Volya members on April 3, 1881).

This is how F.M. wrote about women during this period. Dostoevsky:

“In our woman, sincerity, perseverance, seriousness and honesty, the search for truth and sacrifice are more and more noticeable; and in Russian women all this has always been higher than in men... A woman is more persistent, more patient in action; she is more serious than a man, she wants business for the sake of the business itself, and not in order to seem." Dostoevsky is quite deep in his understanding of women.

And yet Ostrovsky is deeper: he has no doubt that, despite all women’s desire for equality and education, it is in love that the most important, fundamental thing happens for them. Freedom does not give a woman happiness. She fights, but the subject of her struggle is not education, not legal freedoms, but the love of her chosen one. In this battle, she suffers and grows spiritually, but since her lover is not ready to possess such a woman, she will inevitably be disappointed, her perfections will be in vain.

Larisa – shining example such a woman. One can say about her that she fights with illusions...

1. The image of Larisa Ogudalova. Meaning of the name.

Larisa – meaningful name, like any name from Ostrovsky: translated from Greek - gull. Larisa is prone to various types of art and loves everything beautiful. Women named Larisa are charming, smart, neat, and always the center of attention, especially among men. This is Ostrovsky’s Larisa. Dreamy and artistic, she does not notice the vulgar sides in people, sees them through the eyes of the heroine of a Russian romance and acts in accordance with it. For her, there is only a world of pure passions, selfless love, and charm.

Characteristics of Larisa (according to the text and textbook).

Student answers:

“Larissa is a young girl, dressed richly but modestly.”

She evokes respect and admiration from those around her. Knurov says about her: “It’s nice to see her alone more often, without interference...” Or: “Larissa was created for luxury...”.

His opinion is shared by Larisa’s longtime friend Vozhevatov: “The young lady is pretty, plays different instruments, sings, her manner is free, and that’s what pulls her off.” He tells Knurov the story of Larisa’s love for Paratov: “And she loved him, she almost died of grief. How sensitive!”

Larisa did not know how to hide her feelings from others. Knurov says about her: “She’s not stupid, but she has no cunning. To whom she is disposed, she does not hide it at all.”

In conversation she is open and straightforward. Always has his own opinion. Doesn't like being pointed out to her. When Karandyshev forbids her to sing, she is indignant: “Are you forbidding? So I will sing, gentlemen.”

The bargaining for Larisa involves all the male characters in the play. A whole circle of contenders forms around her. But what are they offering her? Knurov and Vozhevaty – content. Karandyshev - the position of an honest married woman and a dull existence. Paratov wants to spend it in style last days bachelor freedom. Larisa is just a strong passion for him. Who wasn't interested? This is his philosophy.

The main thing for Larisa is love. She completely trusts her chosen one and is ready to follow him to the ends of the earth:

"Paratov. Now or never.

Larisa. Let's go.

Paratov . How do you decide to go beyond the Volga?

Larisa . Wherever you want."

And neither the persuasion of her mother nor the reproaches of her future husband can keep her from the opportunity to be close to her beloved: “All sorts of chains are not a hindrance! We will carry them together, I will share this burden with you, I will take on most of the weight.”

Larisa sings to Paratov based on Baratynsky’s poem “Don’t tempt me unnecessarily.” In the spirit of this romance, Larisa perceives both Paratov’s character and her relationship with him. For her, there is a world of only pure passions, selfless love, and charm. In her eyes, the affair with Paratov is a story about how, shrouded in mystery and enigma, the fatal seducer, despite Larisa’s pleas, tempted her. (fragment from the film “Cruel Romance.”)

But gradually the inconsistency with Larisa’s romantic ideas and the prosaic world of the people who surround her and worship her increases as the drama progresses.

Challenging Paratov's inconstancy, Larisa is ready to marry Karandyshev. She also idealizes him. In her presentation, she endows him with kindness and loving soul. But the heroine does not feel the wounded, proud, envious basis of Karandyshev’s soul. He rather celebrates victory than loves. He pleases his pride that a woman like Larisa chose him. But Larisa does not notice this for a long time, because she does not see anything vulgar in people at all, acting in accordance with romances, living according to their laws.

But insight comes. The deepest disappointment for Larisa is that all people treat her like a thing. “The thing...yes, the thing! They are right, I am a thing, not a person. I’m now convinced that I’ve tested myself...I’m a thing!” she wanted something completely different: “I was looking for love and didn’t find it. They looked at me and look at me as if I was funny. No one ever tried to look into my soul, I didn’t see sympathy from anyone, I didn’t hear a warm, heartfelt word. But this is how to live Cold …"

In a fit of despair, Larisa challenges the world of profit: “Well, if you are a thing, then there is only one consolation - to be expensive, very expensive.”

Larisa herself is not capable of taking a more decisive step, but Karandyshev’s shot is perceived by her as a blessing. This is probably the only act not done out of calculation, the only manifestation of a living feeling. Larisa dies with words of forgiveness on her lips: “My dear, what a good deed you have done for me! The gun is here, here on the table! It’s me...myself...Oh, what a blessing!”

Critics about Larisa. (Sayings about Larisa are written on the board.)

P.D. Boboryrykin:“This girl with her suffering could attract ourattention, whether she is a colorful, large, socially significant person. Alas...there is none of this in her, Larisa speaks banalities, her story about why she considers Paratov, “a libertine and an impudent person,” to be a “hero” is simply ridiculous because of her mental and moral “baseness.”

V.Ya. Lakshin: “It’s hard to judge Larisa for this emptiness of her soul.”

B.O. Kostelianets: “Larissa’s spiritual strength is reflected in the fact that when her lovetrampled upon when this causes anger, depression, cowardice, bitterness, malice in her, she is still able to understand what she is doomed to. She confronts the situation and does not give herself up to temptation.”

V. Korovin: “Larissa is the heroine of a psychological drama only because, becausethe action is centered around her. But by its nature it lacks integrity.”

Conversation on questions:

1. Can you agree that Larisa cannot “attract your attention”, since she is not “large”, not “colorful” as a person, there is nothing “socially significant” about her?
2. Would you call Larisa’s speeches “banal”, “ridiculous”, “mentally base”? Justify your opinion.
3. Can you agree that the heroine demonstrates “emptiness of soul”? If you agree with this, then why is it difficult to blame the heroine herself?
4. Can you agree that Larisa is in certain moment experiences “anger, depression, cowardice, bitterness, malice”? Justify your answer by referring to the text.
5. Do you agree with the idea of ​​the critic V. Korovin that Larisa is the heroine of a “psychological drama”?
6. Do you agree that the heroine of the drama lacks “integrity”?
7. How and by whom is “temptation” presented in “Dowry”? Does it take Larisa much mental strength not to give herself up to the “prey of temptation”?
8. Do you agree that Larisa is characterized by “mental strength”?
9. Whose attitude towards the heroine do you think is more logical and correct?

Conclusion. Larisa is a wonderful image: a lovely, pure, intelligent, richly gifted girl. She greedily reaches out to a bright life full of love (“I, like a butterfly to a fire, strove so irresistibly...”), but is doomed to perish in the conditions of golden chains (“Love is a deceptive country, and everyone in it is unhappy...”). This is a “warm heart” in the heartless world of buying and selling, cynical bargaining. This is a white seagull caught in a flock of vultures.

1. Katerina and Larisa.Comparative characteristics. Drawing up a table.

Various.

General.

In the apt expression of A.I. Revyakina, Katerina and Larisa are “images of big human passions" Both Larisa and Katerina wanted to love and be loved, but they were deceived. Both Larisa and Katerina differ from others in that they do not have double morality. (Katerina - whether “in front of people or without people” - is the same; according to Knurov, in Larisa there is “no cunning.”) And they are also united by the image of the great Russian Volga - a symbol of beauty, strength, power. She alone freely carries her waters, absorbing the beauty “that is poured out in nature,” and the beauty of the “hot heart,” tormented by captivity, thirsting for light, air, and liberation. In the waves of the Volga, Katerina found her only possible liberation; almost two decades later, on the banks of the same fabulously beautiful river, Larisa, a person of a “warm heart,” found freedom.

“This is where beauty leads... into the deep end.”

IV. Summarizing.

In “The Dowry,” Ostrovsky comes to reveal complex, psychologically polyphonic human characters and life conflicts. It is no coincidence that V.F. became famous in the role of Larisa. Komissarzhevskaya, actress of refined spiritual insights.

The main idea of ​​“Dowryless” is the assertion that society is dominated by a heartless “pure man”, who turns the poor into one obsessed with an insatiable thirst for profit and enrichment. To be a self-conscious person and not have the opportunity to express it - such is the tragic situation in which a person deprived of material security found himself in these conditions. Here “idols” like the millionaire Knurov triumph, with their cynicism and wolfish grip, and honest people perish, entering into an unequal struggle. The statement of A.I. is correct. Revyakin that “for the plots of his plays, Ostrovsky chose not small everyday facts and events, but the most significant, typical, generally interesting, capable of touching millions of people from the most diverse social strata...”.

The accuracy of Ostrovsky’s work is confirmed by the fact that the play “Dowry” is being performed with great success in many theaters across the country, as evidenced by the poster you prepared. And in a review of the play by a theater critic we read: Every time I am convinced how modern Ostrovsky is. It feels like it’s today on stage.”

V. Homework.

Essay on the topic: “Why do people lie that Ostrovsky is outdated?”