Algorithm for completing Unified State Exam tasks

In Russian.

Part 1.

Exercise 1. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys MAIN information contained in the text?

Algorithm for completing the task:

Task 2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write this word down.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Read the text carefully.

2. By sequentially selecting the proposed means of communication, establish a logical correspondence between the sentence with the gap and the one that precedes it. This technique will help you determine which word should be in the gap.

Task 3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word (………). Determine the meaning in which this word is used (…….) in the sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

Algorithm for completing the task:

read the assignment carefully;

find the specified offer;

include each of the suggested lexical interpretations to replace the word given for analysis;

listen to the new sound and meaning of the sentence;

determine whether the sentence was lost or not lost during linguistic experiment its semantic integrity:

• if the sentence has not lost its semantic integrity, the answer is correct;

  if the meaning of the sentence has changed, the answer is correct.

Task 4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.

Remember: the mobility of the Russian accent creates objective difficulties when completing this task.

agent, Augustowsky, agency, agony, acropolis, alcohol, alphabet, anapest, anatom, antithesis, apostrophe, watermelon, arrest, aristocracy, argument, asymmetry, astronom, Atlas (collection geographical maps), atlas (fabric), bourgeoisie, being,

bureaucracy, airports

SCAM, crimson, run, pamper, pampered, pampered, bow (bAnta, bows)

barman, unrestrained, birch bark and birch bark, gas pipeline, Blagovest, favor, block, bombard, barrel, delusional and delusional, armor (assigning something to someone), armor (protective plating), bakery, bourgeoisie, sandwich, being, bureaucracy

gross, boil (cook, boil, boil, boil), watchman, willow, veterinarian, turn on, water supply, Volgoda, wolf (Volka, Wolves, Wolves), thief (thieves, vorOV, vorAM, about thieves), magic, invest, Concave, alarm, exorbitantly expensive

gas pipeline, gastronomy, hectare, genesis, citizenship, grenadier, pear

cousin, maiden, democracy, department, despot, hyphen, act, diagnosis, dialogue, dispensary, dobela, prey, dogma, agreement, contractual, naked, red-hot, document, report, naked, dosinya, leisure, associate professor, do black, dramaturgy, dormant, confessor,
heretic,
blinds, muzzle, life,

book, (assign something to someone), book (cover with armor), enviably, bent, conspiracy (secret agreement), conspiracy (spell), bent, long, frosty, busy (person), busy (with someone ), cork, corked, moldy, seal up, sealed, powder, call (call, call, call), winterer, malice, significance, significance, sagacity, jagged

scoop, scooper, cleaner,
chassis, seamstress, ROUGH, syringes, sorrel, crushed stone, chips, chips,
Excursion, expert, export, equipped, express, epilOg, pullOver

Legally Divine

religion, exhaust,
flounder, catalogue, rubber, cough, quarter, cedar, kilometer, cinematography, pantry, whooping cough, college, colossus, compass, complex, self-interest, prettier, nettle, flint, cooking, kitchen, aches, hunk, blade, gloss t (waste, leftovers), flap (piece of fabric),
alluring, masterfully, medicines, glimpses, manager, metallurgy, meager (minuscule is allowed), youth, milkman, monologue, ordeal,

naked, naked (cut), naked (hold checkers), bent over, over a long time, intention, tilt, backhand, begin, begun, arrears, illness, obituary, hatred, unpretentious, oil pipeline, newborn,
provision, facilitate, aggravate, embraced, embraced, facilitate, encourage, lend, embittered, wholesale, inform, edge, uncork, adolescence, partly, paralysis,
parterre, plowing, firstborn, moldy, pizzeria, offer, fable, understood, understood, understood, raised, midday, briefcase, pedestal, funeral, at the funeral, plateau, anticipate, undertaken, pass, reward, bonus, sentence Or, dowry

knowledgeable, beets, silage, orphan, orphans, plum case, condolence, convocation, concentration, means, statue, status, statute, shorthand, joiner, vessel, bent,
thereOzhnya, dancer, cakes, cakes, shoe,
decoration, speed up, deepen, Coal, Ukrainian, improve, dead, mentioned, mention, strengthen, aggravate,
facsimile, porcelain, extravaganza, phenomenon, fetish, fluorography, flyleaf, form,
haos, characteristic (typical), characteristic (actor), intercessor, intercession, intercession, well-groomed (adj.), well-groomed (adj.), Christian, Christ-seller,
cement, chain, gypsy,

Task 5. In one of the sentences below WRONG The highlighted word is used. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly. Algorithm for completing the task:

read all proposals carefully;

determine the lexical meanings of each of the paronym words by selecting synonyms and antonyms or taking into account what words each of them can be combined with;

indicate the correct answer.

Addressee - addressee. Addressee - the person or organization to whom it is addressed mailing(recipient); addressee - the person or organization sending the postal item (sender).

Anecdotal - anecdotal. Anecdotal - inherent in an anecdote, based on an anecdote (anecdotal story); anecdotal - ridiculous, ridiculous (anecdotal case).

Archaic - archaic. Archaic - characteristic of antiquity (archaic view), archaic - out of use, not corresponding to new views, rules (archaic use).

Everyday - everyday. Weekday - not a holiday (weekday); everyday - prosaic, monotonous (everyday work).

Inhale - sigh. Inhale - absorb, draw in air (inhale oxygen), inspire something (inhale courage); sigh - let out a sigh (breathe with relief); rest a little (let me breathe); yearn, be sad (sigh for children).

Educational - educational. Educational - related to education (educational system); educational - related to the teacher (educational room).

Everyone - everyone. Everyone - everyone (every minute); all kinds - the most diverse (all kinds of searches).

Elective - selective. Elective - relating to elections, elected by voting (elected position); selective - partial (spot check)

Harmonic - harmonious. Harmonic - related to harmony (harmonic series); harmonious - harmonious, coordinated (harmonious personality).

Main - capital. Main - main, most significant, central, senior (main street); capital - related to the title (title role).

Engine - mover. Engine - a machine that sets in motion, force (electric motor); mover - that which sets in motion, contributes to it (the mover of society, progress is outdated).

Democratic - democratic. Democratic - related to democracy, democrat (democratic camp); democratic - characteristic of democracy, democrat (democratic act).

Dynamic - dynamic. Dynamic - related to dynamics, movement (dynamic theory); dynamic - having great internal energy (dynamic pace).

Diplomatic - diplomatic. Diplomatic - related to diplomacy, diplomat (diplomatic post); diplomatic - subtly calculated, evasive (diplomatic behavior).

Long - long. Long - having a large length (long report); long - long-term (long vacation, long period).

Voluntary - volunteer. Voluntary - performed without coercion (voluntary labor); volunteer - relating to a volunteer (volunteer initiative, volunteer army).

Dramatic - dramatic. Dramatic - expressive strong feelings, complete drama (dramatic situation); dramatic - related to drama (drama club).

Friendly - friendly. Friendly - relating to a friend, friends (friendly meeting); friendly - based on friendship (friendly country).

Pathetic - pitiful. Pathetic - expressing grief, melancholy, suffering; plaintive, sad (pathetic voice); compassionate - prone to pity, sympathy; compassionate, touching (compassionate words, people).

Spare - thrifty. Spare - available as a reserve (emergency exit); thrifty - able to stock up (thrifty person).

Angry - malicious. Evil - filled with feelings of enmity (angry person); malicious - having a bad purpose, deliberate (malicious defaulter).

Executive - performing. Executive - diligent, with the goal of accomplishing something (executive worker); performing - relating to the performer (performing skill).

Traveler - business traveler. Seconded - a person on a business trip (seconded specialist); travel - related to a traveler (travel expenses).

Comical - comical. Comic - related to comedy (comic character); comical - funny (comical look).

Critical - critical. Critical - related to criticism ( critical article); critical - having the ability to criticize (critical approach).

Logical - logical. Logical - related to logic ( logical thinking); logical - correct, reasonable, consistent (logical reasoning).

Methodical - methodical. Methodical - related to methodology (methodological conference); methodical - exactly following the plan (methodical work).

Hateful - hateful. Hateful - imbued with hatred (hateful actions); hated - causing hatred (hated enemy).

Intolerable - intolerant. Unbearable - one that cannot be tolerated (unbearable cold); intolerant - unacceptable (intolerant attitude).

Impoverish - impoverish. To become poor - to become poor (to become poor as a result of inflation); impoverish - make poor (impoverish life).

Dangerous - wary. Dangerous - associated with danger (dangerous bridge); cautious - acting cautiously (cautious person).

Misprint - unsubscribe. A typo is an accidental mistake when writing (an unfortunate typo); unsubscribe - an answer that does not affect the essence of the matter (impudent unsubscribe).

Master - master. Master - learn to use something, include it in your circle of activities (master the production of new products); learn - make it habitual; understand, remember (learn what you read).

Organic - organic. Organic - related to the plant or animal world ( organic matter); organic - inextricably linked, natural (organic integrity).

Condemnation - discussion. Conviction - an expression of disapproval, passing a sentence (conviction of a criminal); discussion - comprehensive consideration (discussion of the problem);

Responsible - responsible. Responsive - being a response (response); responsible - responsible, important (responsible worker).

Reportable - distinct. Reporting - related to the report (reporting period); distinct - clearly distinguishable (distinct sound).

Political - political. Political - related to politics ( political figure); political - acting diplomatically, carefully (political hint).

Understanding - understandable. Intelligent - quickly understands (an understanding person); understandable - clear (understandable reason).

Representative - representative. Representative - making a favorable impression (presentable appearance); representative - elected (representative body); related to the representation, representative (representation expenses).

Presentation - provision. Presentation - presentation for familiarization, nomination for encouragement (presentation of characteristics); provision - placing something at someone's disposal (providing a loan).

Noticeable - noticeable. Perceptive - capable of noticing (observant critic); noticeable - noticeable (noticeable displeasure).

Realistic - realistic. Realistic - following realism (realistic painting); realistic - corresponding to reality, quite practical (realistic goal).

Hidden - secretive. Hidden - secret, invisible (hidden threat); secretive - not frank (secretive person).

Tactical - tactical. Tactful - possessing tact (tactful act); tactical - related to tactics (tactical task).

Technical - technical. Technical - related to technology (technical progress); technical - possessing high skill (technical actor).

Lucky - successful. Lucky - happy; the one who is lucky (lucky explorer); successful - successful (lucky day).

Actual - factual. Actual - corresponding to the facts (actual state of affairs); factual - containing many facts (factual report).

Master - economic. Master - related to the owner; such as a good owner (owner's interest); economic - occupied with the economy, associated with the economy (economic issues).

Explicit - obvious. Explicit - obvious, unconcealed (obvious superiority); distinct - distinct, clearly distinguishable (clear whisper).

Task 6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

Find errors in education and use

case forms of numerals;

numerals one and a half, one and a half hundred;

collective numbers, including numerals both, both;

comparative and superlatives names of adjectives and adverbs;

nominative and genitive case plural some nouns;

imperative forms of some verbs.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Determine which part of speech this word belongs to.

2. If this name is a numeral, remember that

for complex cardinal numerals both parts bow;

Cases

From 50 - 80

200, 300, 400

From 500 – 900

fifty

heels And ten And

heels And ten And

fifty

five Yu ten Yu

oh hey And ten And

two hundred

dv wow hundred

dv mind st am

two hundred

dv skillfully st ami

o dv wow st Oh

five hundred

heels And hundred

heels And st am

five hundred

five Yu st ami

oh hey And st Oh

when declension of compound ordinal numbers changes only the last word;

numeral both used with masculine and neuter nouns, and both- female;

Cases

M., Wed. genus

J. genus

both

both

both

both

both

about both

both

both

both

both

both

about both

collective numbers ( two, three, four etc.) are used with nouns denoting male persons, names of baby animals, paired objects or having only a plural form.

3. If this name is an adjective, make sure that the forms of degrees of comparison are formed correctly. Remember: you cannot mix simple and compound forms of degrees of comparison.

Degrees of comparison of adjectives

Comparative

Excellent

simple

composite

simple

composite

beautiful her(s)

less- she

deeper e

more Beautiful

less Beautiful

beautiful eish- th

great aish- th

nai the most difficult

most Beautiful

most Beautiful

Degrees of comparison of adverbs

comparative

excellent

simple

composite

composite

-her(s)- hurt - sick her, sick to her

-e – easy - easier e-she- thin - thinner e

adverb + more (less) more thin

less Interesting

comparative degree + pronoun everyone, everything:

did best of all (all)

4. If it is a verb, pay attention to the correct formation

imperative forms;

Past tense forms used without a suffix are –NU-.

(There is - well - there is an error in the verb - the correct answer)

5. If it's a noun, make sure it's formed correctly.

nominative plural forms;

genitive plural forms.

NOMINATIVE PLURAL

m. kind

With the ending - and I(emphasis on ending)

With the ending - s, -i ( emphasis on base)

influence of the dual number)

Addresses, coast, century, fan, director, doctor, gutter, inspector, boat, clover, feed, box, body, seine, district, vacation, passport, cook, professor, variety, watchman, haystack, paramedic, outhouse, stable, ramrod, stack, stamp, anchor, hawk.

sentences, mines,

editors, snipers, tractors, cakes, fronts, drivers.

volumes

Bakery mechanics

1. Animated foreign language nouns. on

-tor, -sor stylistically neutral: directors

1. Animated foreign language nouns. on -er,

-er:engineers

2. Inanimate. foreign words in

-tor, -sor:processors

3. Animated foreign language nouns. on

-tor with a bookish touch: editors.

Remember: oil – plural. h. - oil A

cream - plural – cream s(not cream A)

male

female

average

banknotes

giraffe

hall

adjustment

piano

roofing felt

tulle

shampoo

sandal, boot

cuff, callus

sneaker

reserved seat

gravy (with gravy)

slipper

shoe (no shoes)

surname

bast

tentacle

Task 7. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

1. Look for errors in sentences:

1) with homogeneous members; (look for homogeneous predicates with the conjunction I. Ask a question from the verb to homogeneous members of the sentence. The question must be the same, if not, then it’s a mistake!!! This will be the correct answer. (I see??? (sentence member missing) and proud nature? I see what?, I’m proud of what?)

2) with participial phrases; (look at the end of the participle, remember that there must be agreement with the word being defined in gender, number, case.)

3) with proper names, enclosed in quotation marks and being the names of newspapers, magazines, books, paintings, films;

4) with derivative prepositions thanks, in agreement, in spite of and non-derivative preposition By, used in figures of speech upon completion, upon arrival, upon completion, upon arrival;

5) with double unions not only but; both...and;

6) using quotes;

7) starting with the words: everyone who...; those who...; none of those who...

Task 8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Cross out words with alternating vowels, as they will not be the correct answer:

1.1. read each word carefully and look for words with an alternating vowel in the root ( gar - mountains, zar - zor, clan - clone, tvar - creation, lag - lodge, bir - ber, pir - per, dir - der, tyr - ter, world - mer, blist - shine, steel - stel, zhig - burned, chit - even, kas - braid, rast - rasch - grew, skak - skoch, poppy - mok, equal - even).

2) select test words for the remaining words, remembering that among them there may be dictionary words in which the unstressed vowel requires memorization;

3) if you find a dictionary word, you can cross it out, since it will not be the correct answer;

4) if you managed to find a test word for the word, in which the unclear vowel sound came under stress and is clearly heard, then you have found the correct answer.

Task 9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

You need to know the following spelling rules:

spelling of prefixes in –З and –С;

spelling of prefixes PRE and PRI;

PRE -

AT -

abide (=re-)

Arrive (approaching)

Despise (hate)

To look after (to give someone shelter)

betray (= re-)

Add (give extra, change something, add)

Bow down, bow down (= re-)

Lean (approach)

Convert (incarnate)

Pretend (incomplete action)

Transient (= re-)

Coming (approaching)

Endure (endure)

Get used to it (get used to it)

Successor (= re-, take over)

Receiver (radio)

Resign (die)

Put (put close)

Vicissitudes (reversals of fate)

Gatekeeper - guard at the gate

Immutable (unshakable, indestructible)

Attach (attach)

An indispensable condition(required)

Unacceptable conditions (impossible)

Limit (border)

Chapel (extension in the church)

Downplayed (very)

Downplayed (slightly)

Remember:

PRE-

AT-

preamble, prevail, those in power, predicate, present, presentable, president, presidium, presumption, price list, prelude, seduce, not fail, premiere, neglect, drug, present, obstacle, prerogative, prestige, contender, preference

private, fastidious, privilege, circumstance, handsome, picky, adventure, prima donna, primacy, primitive, priority, deplorable, swear, claim, embellish, unpretentious, whimsical

Prefixes on –З and –С:
spelling depends on the following consonant

before voiced consonants – z appeal, rootless

before voiceless consonants - with

bake, carefree, silent

Task 10. Write down the word in which the letter E /I/ is written in place of the gap

Algorithm for completing the task:

1) Find out in which part of the word the letter is missing: in the ending or in the suffix.

2) If a vowel is missing from the ending, then use the indefinite form of the verb to determine its conjugation:

in the personal endings of verbs of the first conjugation the vowels E, U are written;

in the personal endings of verbs of the second conjugation the vowels I, A (I) are written.

3) If a vowel is missing in the suffix, then analyze the nature of the spelling:

missing vowel in participle suffixes ushch, yushch, ashch, yashch, im, eat (ohm).

missing vowel before participle suffix vsh, nn .

4) Spelling of participle suffixes ushch, yushch, ushch, yashch, im, eat (ohm) depends on the conjugation of the original verb:

in participles , educated from verbs I conjugations , suffixes are written ush, yush, eat(om) ;

in participles , educated from verbs II conjugations , suffixes are written ashch, yash, im.

5) Spelling a vowel before suffixes participles vsh and nn depends from that on yat - yat or it - eat the infinitive form of the original verb ends:

at or at , then before NN Passive past participles retain a vowel and I);

if the original verb ends in to eat or eat , then before NN only written e ;

before the suffix vsh the same vowel is retained , as before the end t in an indefinite form.

HINT: Put the verb in the 3rd person plural. (What are THEY doing? What are THEY going to do?) ending -ut-ut – verb 1 conjugation – in the endings you should write a letter E,

Ending - at-yat - verb 2 conjugations - in the endings you should write a letter AND.

Task 11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap

You need to know the spelling of suffixes

nouns ( ec, ic; ink, enk; purl, in; ichk, echk; ik, ek );

adjectives ( iv, ev; liv, chiv );

verbs ( willow, yva; eva, ova; I, E before the stressed suffix wa) .

Algorithm for completing the task:

1) Determine which part of speech (noun, adjective, verb) the word with the missing letter in the suffix belongs to.

2) Apply the desired rule.

adjective

-ev- unstressed: cle ev oh, enamel ev th

-iv- percussion: flax ive th

Exception: merciful ive oh, fool ive th

-chiv-:infusion chiv th

-liv-: talent Liv th

verb

-ova- (-eva-)

hang up

I'm hanging

Yva- (-iva-)

be annoyed

I'm annoyed

DEFINITION TABLE

ENDINGS OF VERBS AND SUFFIXES OF PARTICIPLES

Verb endings

Suffixes valid. participles

Suffixes suffer. participles

I conjugation

rest

-eatwriteeat

-eatwriteeat

-yeahwriteyeah

-utwriteut

-yutthoughtut

-ush-writeushch th

-yush-thoughtyushch th

-om-carriedohm th

-eat-blowing eatth

II conjugation

N.F. on - And t

-themstrictlythem

-heystrictlylook

-itestrictlyite

-atstrictlyyat

-yatstorageyat

-asch-breatheasch th

-box-storagebox th

-them-storagethem th

Task 12. Determine the sentence in which NOT and solov are written CONSOLIDATED (SEPARATELY). Open the brackets and write down this word.

)? It should be remembered that the writing rules are NOT with in different parts speeches can be grouped as follows:

NOT with nouns, qualitative adjectives, adverbs ending in – O and – E;

NOT with verbs and gerunds;

NOT with participles.

1. Not with nouns, adjectives, adverbs ending in O, E

seamlessly

apart

1.Not used without NOT:

ignoramus
tall tales

careless

ridiculous

1.If there is opposition with the unionA It's not true, it's a lie

Not happy, but sad

Not close, but far

adverb not in O-E: did not act like a friend

2. If for a word with the prefix NOT you can find a synonym without NOT

Foe (enemy)

Misfortune (grief)

Enemy (enemy)

Unhappy (sad)

Not close (far)

2. If the word with NOT contains the words far, at all, not at all, not at all, not at all

Far from being a beauty

Not a friend at all

Not at all interesting

Not at all sweet

3.Remember:

not big

slave

trouble

deficiencies

undergrowth

dunno

klutz

3.Remember:

not in moderation, not in accordance with the example, not for good, not in haste, not to taste, not within one’s strength, not according to one’s gut, not by hand, etc.; b) neither give nor take, neither be nor me, neither here nor there, neither light nor dawn, nor for anything

about nothing, not a bottom, not a tire, not for a sniff of tobacco, not for a penny and so on.

not one (nobody) - not one (many), not once (never) - not once (often) .

2.Not with verbs and gerunds

seamlessly

apart

1.Not used without NOT:

to be indignant (indignant)

go on a rampage (rage)

not feeling well

dislike

hate

1.Always separately

Was not

Not catching up

Not knowing

2. With the prefix under-

UNDER-= below normal, not 100% be in insufficient quantities
there is an antonym with over- (=excess)
under-salt the soup (over-salt the soup)
the result is unsatisfactory
lacking = not enough
You lack patience.
^I always lack money.

2. With prefixes not + to

not done to end
can't finish watching the movie, can't get it home
She didn’t finish and fell silent.
(to end implied)
doesn't reach = doesn't reach
The rope is not enough before floor.
Before the poplar is missing the fifth floor

3. Not with participles and verbal adjectives.

seamlessly

apart

1. not used without NOT:
n units insanity (b.b., not up. without NOT)
2. NO opposition with the conjunction A and
dependent words: n without seeded field (no a, ZS)

1. with brief participles: not_closed
2. IS oppositions with the conjunction a:
unfinished A started meeting
3. IS dependent words:
not_ sown during field, not yet plowed field

4.NOT and NOR with negative PRONOUNS

seamlessly

apart

There is NO preposition between NOT and the pronoun: No one, no one

THERE IS AN EXCUSE

No one, no one

Task 13. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written TOGETHER (SEPARATELY). Open the brackets and write down these two words.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1) Read the sentence, think about its meaning.

2) Determine which part of speech the highlighted word belongs to.

Unions so that, too, also, but, moreover, moreover, so, therefore are written seamlessly ; they can be replaced with synonyms of the same part of speech.

Words of other parts of speech similar in sound to these conjunctions whatever, the same in the same way, for that, for that, for what , and so, from that are written separately. They consist of two components: one of them (would) can either be removed from the sentence or rearranged to another place; other component (that, that with which, yes, that) replace with other words.

Derivative prepositions are written together: CONSEQUENCE = because of, IN VIEW = because of, ABOUT = about, TOWARD = to, DESPITE = in spite of.

Derivative prepositions are written separately: DURING = IN CONTINUATION, IN DIFFERENCE, IN CONCLUSION, DURING.

For continuous, hyphenated or separate writing of adverbs, apply the appropriate rules.

Derivative prepositions

Nouns with prepositions

during

There was no news V flow of the year.

How long?

(time value)

within (what?) rivers

Look V continuation(what?) series.

IN(fast) current rivers

Look V(coming soon) continued series

continued

She said in continuation hours.

Finally articles

In the end, in the end

Sat V conclusion

Sat V(by duty) conclusion

in contrast from others

(used with from)

Difference V differences life.

Difference V(strong) differences life.

as a consequence= due to

He did not come due to diseases.

Remember: later And - adverb

as a consequence

Intervened as a consequence in a theft case.

Intervened V(new) consequence in a theft case.

like=like

vessel like flasks

Error V sort of noun.

about= about, about

Reach an agreement about excursions.

Put on check in the bank.

Put on(mine) check.

towards=k

Go towards to a friend.

Go to the meeting with friends.

Go on(long awaited) meeting.

in view of=due to

In view of it rained we didn't go to the cinema.

I meant Tomorrow. (stable expression).

as cone

in mind cities

(cone view, city view)

adverbs

Nouns with prepositions

rise up (refer to verb)

rise to the top mountains

on(most) top mountains

shoes for me just right

on time flowering -

V ( spring) it's time flowering

Derivative prepositions

Participles with negation

Despite rain, we went out of town

(Although it was raining).

Regardless of bad weather, we went hiking.

(in spite of what?)

Despite father, he got up from the table.

Regardless of me, he left the room.

(=without looking)

Task 14. Indicate all the numbers replaced by NN (N)

determine which part of speech a word with a missing letter belongs to;

apply the spelling rule N and NN in the suffix of this part of speech.

Noun:

NN

N

1. If the root of a word ends in N and the suffix begins with N:

MaliNN IR(Mali n A)

2.If noun. formed from an adjective with NN, or from a participle:

illnessenne awn(disease enne y)

spoiled(spoiled)

3. Remember: lack of pride NN itza

1. In words formed from nouns that have the suffixes -in-, -an-, -yan-

peatyang IR(from noun peat)

2. In words formed from adj. with one N: studyn IR(from adj. study n y), martyr, worker

3. In words:

gaff yang itza (hook) yang y) ,hemp yang IR(cannabis) yang y)

var en ik (var yeon y), kopch yeon awn (kopch yeon y)

cost yang ika (cost yang oh) wise yeon awn (wise yeon y)

oil en itza (oil) en y), oats yang itza (oats) yang y)

GOST in itsa (gost in y), firewood yang IR (firewood) yang Ouch)

smart yeon awn (smart n y), great en itza

Adjective:

NN

N

1. noun -H+ -H-: karmaNN th

2. -ONN-, -ENN-: commissionionn oh, cranberriesenne oh,

! without in the wind NN th

3. exceptions with -YANN-: GLASSNN OH, TINNN OH TREENN YY

YU NN And you ( yun s nat uralists)

1. -IN-: gus in th

2. exception WINDN YY(day, person)

3. -AN- (-YAN-): leatheren th

Remember: Yu n y;

gaff yang oh, room yang oh, ry yang oh, drink yang oh, right n y (historical suf. - YAN-); bar n yay, swi n oh, si n oh, green n oh, eat n oh, core n y.

Short adjectives contain as many ns as full adjectives.

Tuma NN aya distance - distance tuma NN A

in the wind n that girl is a girl in the wind n A

Participles:

Н – НН IN SUFFIXES OF PARTICIPLES AND VERBAL ADJECTIVES

NN

N

1. There is a prefix: about sifted flour

(except for the console Not-)

But: unprompted her NN that's a torment

1. There is a prefix Not-: Not sowing n that's a torment

2. No ¬, but there is ZS: sowing NN and I through a sieve flour

2. No ¬: sowing n that's a torment

3. there is a suffix -ova-/-eva-:

marin ovaNN y cucumbers

3. Exceptions: Kova n oh, chewy n oh, good bite n th (-ov-, -ev- are part of the root)

4. Formed from an unprefixed perfective verb:

Resho NN task (to decide what With do?)

But: from wound NN th , wound NN th in leg fighter

! Being woundNN th, the soldier remained in service.

The women immediately hung erasedNN oh.(Passive parables, because they retain a verbal meaning, indicate a temporary state, and not a permanent attribute-quality)., windless

4. Exception: wound n oh, windy

5. These same words in their literal meaning will be participles : name NN oh play, after all NN oh job.

5. When a participle changes into an adjective, it is possible to change the lexical meaning of the word: smart child, uninvited guest, sworn brother, imprisoned father, dowry, Forgiveness Sunday, a goner.

Exceptions: cutesy, desirable,

unheard of, unprecedented, sacred,

unexpected, unexpected, accidental, deliberate, slow, wakeful, arrogant, minted

6. The spelling does not change in the composition difficult words: golden n oh, scrap n th-fracture n oh, Word everything as a whole has meaning adj.(high degree of quality), and not the meaning “adj. + participle."

7. Short participles: the girl is spoiled n A

SHOULD BE DIFFERENTIATED

Short adjective

Short Communion

The girl was raised NNa (sama – short adjective). Can be replaced with a full adjective: well-mannered I.

The girl was raised n and in orphanage(by whom?) - short parable. Replaced with a verb: the girl was raised.

Adverb

Short neuter participle

 Ch.  adv.

He answered deliberately(how? in what way?).

Deliberately is a circumstance.

noun  cr. ???

Case thought out (what?) from all sides.

Thought out is a predicate.

Task 15. Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of the sentences in which you need to put one comma.

Execution algorithm:

1. Find homogeneous members in the sentence.

2. Determine what conjunctions connect them:

if it is a single connecting or separation union (and, or, either, yes (= and ), comma in front of him not placed ;

if it's a double union ( both... and; not so much..., but; not only but; although... but ), the comma is placed only before the second part of the double conjunction ;

if this repeated conjunctions , That a comma is placed only in front of those who are between homogeneous members ;

before opposing alliances between homogeneous members there is always a comma .

3. Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members connected in pairs. Remember: if homogeneous members in a sentence are connected in pairs, then a comma is placed between paired groups and only one!

Task 16. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

Remember:

participial answers the questions Which? which? which? which? ;

participle answers the questions what did you do? doing what? And denotes an additional action with a verb - predicate ; participial turnover answers the questions How? When? Why?

the placement of punctuation marks in a participial phrase depends on its location in relation to the noun being defined;

the participial phrase is always highlighted in writing with commas;

homogeneous definitions and circumstances, expressed by participial and adverbial phrases and connected by a single conjunction AND, are not separated by a comma.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1) Find participial and adverbial phrases in the sentence, correctly defining their boundaries. Always separated by commas.

2) Determine what position in the sentence the participial phrase occupies (BEFORE - is not highlighted by commas!!! AFTER the word being defined - is highlighted!!!).

3) Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members with the conjunction I, expressed by participial or participial phrases. There is no comma before the conjunction I.

4).Attention! there should not be numbers in the middle of the revolution, this is provocation!!! Eliminate them!!!Use the technique of eliminating the highlighted turnover.

Task 17.

Remember: introductory words can be removed from a sentence without changing the main idea of ​​the syntactic structure. Use the technique of eliminating highlighted words.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1) Check whether the highlighted words are introductory.

Introductory words can be removed from the sentence or replaced with synonymous introductory words; they are separated by commas.

Members of a sentence that are homonymous with introductory words cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the syntactic structure; they are not separated by commas.

Remember that the following words are not introductory and are not separated by commas: as if, as if, perhaps, for the most part, as if, literally, in addition, after all, ultimately, it seems, hardly, anyway, after all, even, precisely, sometimes, as if, besides, only, meanwhile, for sure, extremely, I suppose , certainly, definitely, partly, at least, truly, still, therefore, simply, albeit, decisively, nevertheless, only, allegedly.

Task 18. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

Execution algorithm:

1. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence.

2. Determine the boundaries of the main and subordinate parts.

3. Read the sentence, observing the selected signs. This will help identify an incorrectly found solution or, conversely, confirm the correct choice.

Remember! As a rule, this task presents complex sentences with subordinate clauses , in them conjunction word which does not stand at the beginning of the subordinate clause, but in the middle her, therefore A comma is not placed before a conjunctive word. (1. Eliminate the numbers around the word “which”

4. Attention to the union I). Determine what it connects: parts complex sentence- comma, homogeneous members of the sentence - no comma.

Task 19. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

To complete the task, use the algorithm:

1. Identify the grammatical bases in the sentence.

2. Define boundaries simple sentences as part of a complex syntactic structure.

3. See how these parts are connected to each other.

4. Find out if it is present in the sentence union I , and if it is present in the sentence, determine what it connects:

If homogeneous members , then there is a comma before it not placed ;

If parts of a complex sentence , then there is a comma before it is put .

5. Find 2 conjunctions nearby: what if, what when, and if, and although, but when, so that if, and when:

Comma between conjunctions NOT put, if the words continue in the sentence then, yes, but

Comma between conjunctions is put, If no SO, SO, BUT.

Task 20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

Particular attention should be paid to the second and third sentences:

they (argument and conclusion) contain the main information;

Therefore, among the answer options, you should look for one that combines the information of the 2nd and 3rd sentences.

Remember the main information is given only in its literal meaning. (EXACTLY and SPECIFICALLY)

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Highlight in each sentence the key words that are important for understanding the issue addressed in this text; pay attention to main part complex sentences.

2. Determine the cause-and-effect relationships between sentences in the text by analyzing conjunctions, allied words, and introductory constructions.

3. Shorten the text by deleting secondary information (various types of explanations, details, descriptions of minor facts, comments, lexical repetitions).

4. Convey in one sentence the main information contained in the text.

5. Correlate your version of text compression (your sentence conveying its main idea) with the answer options.

Task 21. Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Read the text.

2. To determine his type of speech, use the technique of imaginary “photography”:

if you can “photograph” the entire text in one frame, that’s description ;

if you can “photograph” the text in a sequential series of frames, this is narration ;

if the text cannot be “photographed” - this is reasoning .

3. Remember that

description shows (this is what we see: a portrait of a person, a landscape, an interior);

narration tells (this is a chain of events or actions and actions of characters);

reasoning proves and is built according to the scheme: thesis - evidence - final conclusion.

Determine what type of speech the proposed text belongs to.

Types of speech

Compositional scheme

Narration

(what happened?)

I came, I saw, I conquered.

report a sequence of actions or events.

Verbs are used.

Several frames

Exposition

The beginning

Development of action

Climax

5. Denouement

Description

(Which?)

indicate the characteristics of an object, person, place, condition. Adjectives are used.

1 frame

From the general impression to the details.

Reasoning (why?)

to substantiate this or that put forward position (thesis), to explain the essence, causes of this or that phenomenon, event.

It talks about causes and consequences, events and phenomena, our ideas, assessments, feelings. - about what cannot be photographed.

1. Thesis (thought that is proven) →

2. arguments (proofs, examples) →

3. conclusions.

Task 22. Write down synonyms (synonymous pair) from the given sentences. (There may be various lexical means.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. If the task requires you to find a specific lexical unit in a specified passage of text, you must

recall the definition of this lexical unit:

Antonyms- these are words of the same part of speech, opposite in their lexical meaning.! Antonyms can be contextual, that is, they become antonyms only in a given context.

Synonyms- These are words of the same part of speech, the same or similar in meaning, but different in sound and spelling. Like antonyms, synonyms can be contextual

Homonyms-these are words, howeverhigh in sound (withpossible differentspelling) or writingsania (if possibledifferent soundingnii), but different in meaning.

Historicisms- these are outdated words that have fallen out of use due to the disappearance from life of the objects and phenomena that they denoted.

Neologisms– new words of limited use.

Phraseologism- Lexically indivisible phrases reproduced in finished form: hang your nose, win, voice of one crying out)

Task 23. Among sentences 1-8 (there may be other sentence numbers), find one that is related to the previous one using possessive pronoun(other means of communication). Write the number of this offer.

Lexical means of communication required in task B7:

lexical repetitions (repetitions of words and phrases);

synonyms and synonymous substitutions;

contextual synonyms;

antonyms (including contextual ones).

Morphological means of communication:

unions;

personal, demonstrative and some other pronouns instead of words from previous sentences;

adverbs;

degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs.

Syntactic means of connecting sentences include:

syntactic parallelism (the same word order and the same morphological design of members of adjacent sentences);

parcellation (removal of any part from a sentence and its design in the form of an independent incomplete sentence);

incomplete sentences;

introductory words and sentences, appeals, rhetorical questions.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. It is necessary to firmly learn the categories of pronouns, since the pronominal connection is most in demand in tasks of this type.

2. Remember that you must determine the connection of a given sentence with the previous one , with the one that is before the offer you are considering .

CLASSES OF PRONOUNS BY MEANING

Personal

Unit h.pl. h.

1 l. - I we

2 l. - you you

3 l. - he, she, it they

Returnable

myself

Interrogative

Relative

who, what, which, whose, which, how many, what

Undefined

someone, something, some, several, some, some, someone, anyone, anyone, some, some, any, some, some, how many- someday

Negative

no one, nothing, none, nobody, no one, nothing

Possessives

my, yours, yours, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs

Index fingers

that, this, such, such, so much, this (obsolete)

Definitive

all, everyone, each, himself, any, other, most, other

When some pronouns are declined, the entire word changes: I - to me, you - to you...

Distinguish between the categories of pronouns.

Wed. Her (his, theirs) book– whose? – possessive pronoun.

We sawher (him, them ) - whom? - personal pronoun.

Who Are you on duty today? – interrogative pronoun.

We do not know, Who today duty officer is a relative pronoun.

Task 24. Reinstate the terms missing in the text of the review, with the help of which the language features of this text.

Algorithm for completing the task:

Carefully read the list of figurative and expressive language means presented in the sample answers.

Divide all the terms into 3 groups: Paths, Figures, Vocabulary.

Read the review carefully, insert the necessary IVS.

4 . In case of difficulty, you can use the technique of excluding from the list those terms that, according to their meaning, cannot be in place of gaps in the text.

1. Trails – words and expressions used figuratively:

epithet – figurative definition (Through wavy The moon creeps through the fogs... /A.S. Pushkin/);

personification – attribution of human qualities, actions, emotions to objects, nature, abstract concepts (The earth sleeps in a blue glow / M.Yu. Lermontov/);

comparison - a comparison of two objects or phenomena in order to explain one of them with the help of the other ( Ice fragile on the chilly river like melting sugar lies on. Nekrasov/);

metaphor – transfer of properties from one object to another based on their similarity (Lit rowan bonfire red / S.A. Yesenin/);

metonymy – allegorical designation of the subject of speech, “renaming”, replacement of one concept with another that has something to do with it causation (All flags will visit us /A.S. Pushkin/);

synecdoche – a type of metonymy, when the name of a part is used instead of the name of the whole or vice versa (We all look at Napoleons / A.S. Pushkin /);

hyperbola – excessive exaggeration of certain properties of the depicted object (The sunset burned like a hundred thousand suns /V.V. Mayakovsky/);

litotes – excessive understatement of the properties of the depicted object or phenomenon (Your Spitz, lovely Spitz, no more than a thimble / A.S. Griboedov/);

irony - hidden ridicule; using a word or expression in a sense opposite to the literal one (Otkole, smart, you're delusional, head? /I.A. Krylov/);

paraphrase – replacing the name of an object or phenomenon with a description of it distinctive features or an indication of characteristic features ( King of beasts/instead of a lion/);

2. Figures of speech – special syntactic constructions that give expressiveness to speech:

antithesis – a sharp contrast of concepts, thoughts, images (You and the poor, You and the abundant, You and the mighty, You and the powerless, Mother Rus'! /N.A. Nekrasov/);

inversion – reverse word order (White lonely sail/M.Yu. Lermontov/);

gradation – arrangement of words or expressions in ascending or descending order of their meaning (semantic or emotional) ( Glowed, burned, shone huge blue eyes);

oxymoron - a contrasting combination of words that are opposite in meaning ( Dead souls, living corpse, sad joy);

parcellation – intentional violation of the boundaries of a sentence (This happened a long time ago. A very long time ago. Anna was in trouble. Big.);

anaphora – unity of beginning, repetition of similar words at the beginning of stanzas or closely spaced phrases ( Wait me and I'll be back. Just wait a lot. Wait when the yellow rains make me sad, Wait when the snow is swept away, Wait when it's hot, Wait, when others are not expected, having forgotten yesterday / K. Simonov/);

epiphora – repetition of the same words or phrases at the end of several adjacent structures (I would like to know why I titular councilor? Why exactly titular councilor? /N.V. Gogol/);

a rhetorical question – a question that is posed in order to draw attention to a particular phenomenon (To be or not to be? /Shakespeare/);

rhetorical appeal – emotional appeal to people not directly involved in communication, or to inanimate objects (People of the world, take care of the world!);

ellipsis - omission of the predicate, giving dynamism to speech (We villages - to ashes, cities - to dust / V.A. Zhukovsky /);

lexical repetition - deliberate repetition of the same word or phrase to enhance the emotionality and expressiveness of the statement (It seemed that everything in nature fell asleep: sleeping grass, slept trees, slept clouds).

questionably - response form – a form of presentation in which questions and answers alternate (What should I do? I don’t know. Who should I ask for advice? Unknown.);

syntactic parallelism – the same syntactic structure of neighboring sentences, the same arrangement of similar parts of the sentence in them (I look at the future with fear, / I look at the past with longing. /M.Yu. Lermontov/);

homogeneous members of the sentence .

3 .Lexical means of expression: Vocabulary

Dialect words - a word or phrase existing in a certain area (territorial dialectism), social group (social dialectism) or profession (professional dialectism): rooster crows

Jargonisms- speech social group, different from the general language, containing many artificial words and expressions. There are different jargons: salon, bourgeois, thieves, student, school, army, sports, etc. “Smell” is from the jargon of hunters, “amba” is from the sea.

Antonyms(Greek Ant - against and on уma - name) - words with opposite meanings: “Cunning and love”, “White only is the shine, black is the shadow.”

Archaisms(from Greek Archaios - ancient) - obsolete word or figure of speech.

Neologisms(from the Greek Neos - new and logos - word) - a newly formed word that appeared in connection with the emergence of new concepts in life (in science, technology, culture, in everyday life). Neologism emphasizes the expressiveness of speech. For example, “mediocrity” instead of “mediocrity”.

Synonyms(from Greek - eponymous) 1) Words that are different in spelling, but close (or identical) in meaning: defeat-overcome (the enemy); run - rush; beautiful - lovely; hippopotamus - hippopotamus. 2) Contextual synonyms are words or phrases that are similar in meaning in the same context; these words are of an individual, situational nature: needle - Ostankino needle (tower); talk (murmur) of waves; noise (rustle, rustle, whisper) of foliage.

Contextual synonyms - words or combinations of words that acquire similar meaning only in a certain context. “Doing nothing” is passive rest.

Phraseologism - a lexically indivisible, stable in its composition and structure, a phrase complete in meaning, reproduced in the form of a ready-made speech unit. (Frown your eyebrows, win a victory, lower your head, break your nose, burn with shame, show your teeth, sudden death, melancholy, biting frost, fragile boat, delicate question, delicate situation)

Homonyms- words that sound the same different meaning, eg: club (couple and sports), change your mind (many things and change your mind). IN oral speech sound homonyms (homophones) arise - words that sound the same, although they are written differently: cry and cry, boil and open.

PART 2

It is necessary to analyze the proposed text, identifying author's position on one of the problems raised in it, correctly and convincingly expressing your own attitude to what you read. The volume of the essay is at least 200 words.

For correct execution tasks you need to know Part C assessment criteria.

Plan for writing an essay - reasoning on the proposed text

Regardless of the content of the text, you can use the following plan, compiled on the basis of the requirements for completing the task of Part C:

1. Formulate the problem - K 1

2. Comment on the problem.K-2

4. Express own opinion, agreeing or disagreeing with the author.K-4

5. Prove your point of view by giving at least two arguments (each of them is given in a new paragraph).

6. Final conclusion (conclusion).

Problem - a question that interests the author of the source text and causes his thoughts and reflections.

The Unified State Examination in Russian consists of two parts and 25 tasks.

First part represents 24 tasks. They can be tests, for choosing one or several answers, open type(fill in the blank yourself).

The answer to the tasks of Part 1 is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a number (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers) written without spaces, commas and other additional characters.

Part 1 tasks test graduates’ mastery of educational material both basic and high levels difficulties (tasks 7, 23–24).

Second part - consists of one task - 25. This task involves writing an essay based on the read and analyzed text.

Part 2 task (task 25 - essay) can be completed by the examinee at any level of difficulty (basic, advanced, high).

The work is given 210 minutes - 3.5 hours.

Distribution of tasks by parts of the examination paper

Parts of the work	Number of tasks	Maximum primary score	Type of tasks
1 part	24	33	Short answer
part 2	1	24	Detailed response
Total	25	57

Unpointing for tasks

Below I will give the “cost” of each task performed.

For the correct completion of each task first part (except for tasks 1, 7, 15 and 24) the examinee receives 1 point. For an incorrect answer or lack thereof, 0 points are given.

For completing tasks 1 and 15, you can score from 0 to 2 points.

The answer that contains all the numbers from the standard and no other numbers is considered correct.

For completing task 7, you can score from 0 to 5 points.

For each correctly indicated digit corresponding to a number from the list, the examinee receives 1 point (5 points: no errors; 4 points: one error was made; 3 points: two errors were made; 2 points: two digits were indicated correctly; 1 point: correctly indicated only one digit; 0 points: completely incorrect answer, i.e. incorrect sequence of numbers or lack thereof.

For completing task 24, you can score from 0 to 4 points. The answer that contains all the numbers from the standard and no other numbers is considered correct.

The maximum number of points that an examinee can receive if he or she completes the task correctly second part , is 24 points.

For correct completion of all tasks of the examination paper, you can receive the maximum 57 primary points .

Now I want to offer a unique "cheat sheet". I’ll explain how easy it is to complete task No. 7.

How to easily complete task No. 7

As an example for commentary, I will take the task proposed in the demo version for 2016.

Russian Unified State Examination language

Task No. 3. Working with a dictionary entry

Enriching your vocabulary!

Words, words... How many of them appeared in the Russian language in just a few last decades. Thousands of new words, often with multiple meanings. How to understand their meaning? Is it even possible to keep up with time rushing by so quickly, giving a person more and more new words?

Of course available. You need a great desire to be aware of everything new, modern, to keep up with the times, to constantly replenish your vocabulary, especially in the area with which your activity is connected.

It is no coincidence that the Unified State Examination in the Russian language in 2015 included new type tasks - working with a dictionary entry.

Word form- this is a morphological variety of a word, which contains a number of grammatical meanings characteristic of this particular part of speech.

On Unified State Examination in Russian language task No. 6 will be is associated with word forms that contain grammatical inconsistent features of parts of speech, because it is in their use that errors are made. By the form of the word we can determine:

for nouns – number, case

for adjectives - gender, number, case

Verbs have tense, person (present and future tense), gender (singular past tense)

Pronouns have gender, number, case (not all categories of pronouns have these features)

For numerals - gender (for ordinal numbers), number, case.

Rear No. 7. Errors in sentence construction

Competent speech always attracts people around you. It’s nice to hear a clear, concise, reasoned speech from your interlocutor.

Unfortunately, mistakes are often made in the construction of sentences and phrases. Of course, you need to learn to avoid them, speak correctly, competently.

On Unified State Examination in Russian language in task No. 7 of 2015 you need to establish a correspondence between the sentences given in the first column and the errors made in them, given in the second.

Let's first look at some of the types of errors that can occur in this task.

Unified State Exam in Russian - one of two mandatory exams To obtain a certificate you need to prepare long before the exam.

Changes in the KIM Unified State Exam 2019 in Russian:

• Increased number of tasks in exam paper from 26 to 27 due to the introduction of a new task (21), testing the ability to conduct punctuation analysis of the text.
• The format of tasks 2, 9–12 has been changed.
• The range of tested spelling and punctuation skills has been expanded.
• The difficulty level of individual tasks has been clarified.
• The wording of task 27 with a detailed answer has been clarified. The assessment criteria for task 27 have been clarified.

Preparation for the Unified State Exam in Russian

• Training tasks necessary for practice. Solve tasks with answers online every day. For this purpose, over 10 exercises have been collected on each topic. will help in learning what is sufficient for a solution. An algorithm for completing the task is given - what you need to know. A video lesson with a detailed analysis is presented.
• Essays. By April you need to write one essay for each possible topic(love, war, indifference, loyalty, responsiveness, moral and philosophical concepts, and so on). Select arguments at least once a week and compile your own bank of arguments.

Thanks to training you will be able to:

1. Restore in memory the material studied within school curriculum;
2. Reveal and address knowledge gaps;
3. Define, which task is simple for you and which is difficult, and give it maximum attention;
4. Bring it to automation solving some parts of a task or an entire problem;

What you need to pay attention to:

1. All tasks are given 3.5 hours (210 minutes).
2. You are only allowed to take a pen with you to the exam.
3. There are more tasks this year: instead of 26 there are 27.
4. And the structure of the tasks was divided into 2 parts:

Part 1 contains 26 tasks with a short answer in the form of a number or a word (several words), written without spaces, commas and other additional characters.

Main topics of training assignments:

1. Speech. Text
2. Vocabulary and phraseology
3. Speech. Spelling standards
4. Speech. Punctuation standards
5. Speech. Language norms
6. Speech. Expressiveness of Russian speech
7. Speech development. Composition

Part 2 contains one task - an essay (200 words) with a detailed answer, testing the ability to create your own statement based on the text read.

Points for Unified State Examination tasks in the Russian language

• 1 point – for tasks 1-7, 9-15, 17-25
• 2 points – 16.
• 4 points – 26.
• 5 points – 8.

As a result, you can get maximum 58 primary points. To obtain a certificate you need to score 24 points, and to enter a university – 36.

(1) Metaphysical worldview as a person’s system of views on the world has been formed since ancient times. (2) It is based on the idea of ​​the constancy and original purposefulness of living nature. (3) People’s idea of ​​the original purposefulness of living nature is based on the conviction that each type of organism was created for a specific purpose: to live in certain conditions,<...>to perform certain functions.

1) Metaphysical worldview is a conviction in the original purposefulness of living nature, driving force which is the variability of organisms.

2) Ancient worldview was based on the belief that Live nature characterized by constancy and a person has no right to violate this constancy.

3) The basis of the metaphysical worldview, which has been formed since ancient times, is the idea of ​​​​the constancy and original purposefulness of living nature, in accordance with this idea, each type of organism is created to perform certain functions in certain conditions.

4) Initial expediency is the idea that each type of organism is created for a specific purpose, to perform certain functions based on gradual adaptation to the environment.

5) Since ancient times, a metaphysical worldview has been formed, which is based on the idea that living nature is distinguished by constancy and original purposefulness: each type of organism is created for a specific purpose.

Statements 1 and 2 contain information that is not in the text. Therefore they cannot be true.

Answer: 35

Task 2 #6475

(1) Dialectology is closely connected with such sciences as the history of language and ethnography. (2)Language historians have always turned to the data of modern dialects, since due to uneven development they often retain archaic elements of phonetic and grammatical structure, which can be used in explaining the history of sounds. (3)<...>ethnographers and historians folk culture I am primarily interested in dialect vocabulary, since in the main thematic groups dialect vocabulary expresses folk ideas about the world.

Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The close connection of dialectology with the history of language and ethnography is due to the fact that surviving archaic elements help language historians explain the origin of certain sounds, and dialect vocabulary, which reveals folk ideas about the world, is of interest to ethnographers and historians of folk culture.

2) Dialectology is closely connected with such sciences as the history of language and ethnography, because the modern boundaries of dialects allow for greater or to a lesser extent the likelihood of restoring the boundaries that separated the ancient tribes, and then various feudal areas.

3) Historians of language have always turned to data from modern dialects, since they preserve archaic lexical elements that can be used to explain the history of sounds.

4) Ethnographers and historians of folk culture are primarily interested in dialect vocabulary, since, due to uneven development, it often retains archaic elements of the phonetic and grammatical structure.

5) B modern dialects archaic elements are preserved that can be used to explain the history of sounds, and dialect vocabulary helps to understand folk ideas about the world, which explains the close connection of dialectology with the history of language and ethnography.

When completing this task, it is important to understand why some statements are not appropriate answers.

Statement 2 contains information that is not in the text. Therefore it cannot be true.

Statement 3 contradicts the text, since it contains “mixed” information from the second (2) and third (3) sentences of the text.

Statement 4 reflects one of the ideas discussed in the text. But this idea is not the main one. It only helps to reveal the main idea.

Statements 1 and 5 retell the entire text, selecting the most important things from it. Moreover, they are identical to each other and, choosing one of these answers, we must also choose the second one, because they have no differences.

Answer: 15

Task 3 #6476

(1) If you look at the map, you will see that Siberia is more than half of the territory Russian Federation, it is approximately equal to Europe, makes up almost a quarter of all Asia and one fifteenth of the entire landmass of the Earth. (2) But Siberia surprises us not only with its size, but also with the fact that it is the world’s largest treasury of forests, oil and gas reserves. (3) Exactly<...>in the plans economic development Russia pays a lot of attention to Siberia.

Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Siberia, which occupies two-fifths of Asia, receives great attention in Russia’s economic development plans.

2) Siberia surprises us not only with its size and uniqueness, but also with the fact that it is the world's largest treasury of minerals.

3) In Russia's economic development plans, much attention is paid to Siberia, since enormous natural resources are concentrated in this region.

4) Siberia occupies a special place in the development of the world economy, since this region occupies one fifteenth of the entire landmass of the Earth and enormous natural resources are concentrated here.

5) Siberia, which has enormous natural resources, receives great attention in Russia’s economic development plans.

When completing this task, it is important to understand why some statements are not appropriate answers.

Statement 4 contains information that is not in the text. Therefore it cannot be true. The text says nothing about the global economy, but the statement contains these words.

Statement 1 directly contradicts the content of the text. In the statement: information that Siberia occupies two-fifths of Asia. In the text: Siberia is almost a quarter of Asia.

Statement 2 reflects several ideas discussed in the text. But this statement does not reflect very much important information contained in the third (3) sentence of the text.

Statements 3 and 5 retell the entire text, selecting the most important things from it. Moreover, they are identical to each other and, choosing one of these answers, we must also choose the second one, because they have no differences.

Answer: 35

Task 4 #6477

(1) The consequence of the ongoing struggle for existence in the animal world is natural selection - a process that eliminates less adapted organisms and favors more adapted organisms. (2) In this competition, those representatives of the species who turn out to be the most viable, that is, adapted to specific living conditions, gain an advantage. (3)<...>they have a greater chance of leaving behind full-fledged offspring.

Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Basis natural selection is hereditary variability, and the selecting factor is human activity.

2) In the process of natural selection, those animals that are more adapted to specific living conditions survive and leave full-fledged offspring.

3) Animals that are better adapted to specific living conditions are more likely to survive as a result of natural selection and leave behind full-fledged offspring.

4) In the process of the ongoing struggle for existence, traits useful for humans gradually accumulate in the offspring of animals from generation to generation.

5) Due to the incessant struggle for existence, only those animals whose hereditary characteristics are useful for humans survive and leave offspring.

When completing this task, it is important to understand why some statements are not appropriate answers.

Statements 1, 4, and 5 contain information that is not in the text. Therefore they cannot be true. The text does not mention either the person or his activities.

Statements 2 and 3 retell the entire text, selecting the most important things from it. Moreover, they are identical to each other and, choosing one of these answers, we must also choose the second one, because they have no differences.

Answer: 23

Task 5 #6478

(1) The idea of ​​biogenesis comes from ancient Hindu and Persian religious ideas about the absence of beginning and end in natural phenomena and represents one of the hypotheses for the origin of life on Earth. (2)<...>In this version, life exists in the Universe forever. (3) The simplest organisms or their spores (“seeds of life”) could be brought from space to Earth, where they found favorable conditions, multiplied and gave rise to evolution from simple forms to more complex ones.

Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The idea of ​​biogenesis, based on ancient Eastern religions, is a hypothesis of the cosmic origin of life on Earth, according to which life exists in the Universe forever.

2) The cosmic origin of life on Earth, as the idea of ​​biogenesis states, is evidenced by rock paintings“seeds of life” - objects similar to flying machines.

3) According to Persian religious ideas The “seeds of life” that appeared on Earth multiplied and gave rise to evolution in the Universe.

4) In accordance with the idea of ​​biogenesis, based on ancient Eastern religions, life in the Universe exists forever, and on Earth it appeared thanks to the simplest organisms brought from space or their spores.

5) The biogenesis hypothesis states that life could have been brought to Earth from space using spaceships sent by extraterrestrial civilizations.

When completing this task, it is important to understand why some statements are not appropriate answers.

Statement 2 contains information that is not in the text. Therefore it cannot be true. The text says nothing about rock paintings.

Statements 3 and 5 directly contradict the content of the text. In statement 5: the idea of ​​biogenesis suggests that life was brought to earth with the help of spacecraft. In the text: the idea of ​​biogenesis suggests that life came to earth with the help of spores brought from space. In statement 3: “seeds of life” appeared on Earth and gave rise to evolution in the Universe. In the text: “seeds of life” appeared in space, and from there they came to Earth.

Statements 1 and 4 retell the entire text, selecting the most important things from it.

Answer: 14

Task 6 #6479

(1)In ancient Greece, agriculture was the main source of human existence. (2)<...>urban residents often had a farm outside the city and used what it provided. (3) At the same time, the terrain of Greece was not favorable for agriculture: approximately three-quarters of the territory was occupied by mountains and areas unsuitable for agriculture.

Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) About three-quarters of the territory of Ancient Greece was occupied by mountains and areas unsuitable for agriculture.

2) Agriculture, despite the fact that the terrain was not conducive to the development of agriculture, was the main source of human existence in Ancient Greece.

3) In Ancient Greece, city dwellers often enjoyed the fruits of agricultural activity.

4) The main source of human subsistence in Ancient Greece was agriculture, despite the fact that the terrain was unfavorable for agriculture.

5) The main source of livelihood for urban residents of Ancient Greece was agriculture.

When completing this task, it is important to understand why some statements are not appropriate answers.

Statements 1 and 3 reflect information contained in the text. But this information is not the main one. It only helps to reveal the main idea.

Statement 5 directly contradicts the content of the text. In the text: city residents “often had a farm outside the city and used what it provided.” In the statement: agriculture is the main source of livelihood for urban residents. These are different thoughts.

Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Scientists have found that children who receive basic information from the Internet change their perception, and teachers were the first to talk about changes in their ability to concentrate and remember.

2) Researchers have identified an obvious increase in the ability to concentrate attention and remember information in a person for whom the Internet becomes the only source of information.

3) Based on the analysis of experimental data, scientists concluded that a person whose main source of information is the Internet develops “acquired attention deficit” syndrome.

4) In people whose main source of information is the Internet, scientists have identified obvious changes in the “nature” of reading texts, in the ability to concentrate attention and remember information, significant change perception.

5) Scientists have found that a person who receives information primarily from the Internet has a change in perception: the ability to concentrate and remember information decreases, and the “nature” of reading changes.

When completing this task, it is important to understand why some statements are not appropriate answers.

Statements 1 and 3 contain information that is not in the text. Therefore they cannot be true. The text does not talk about teachers (statement 1) or “acquired attention deficit disorder” (statement 3).

Statement 2 directly contradicts the content of the text. In the text: a person’s ability to concentrate and remember information decreases. In the statement: this ability increases.

Statements 4 and 5 retell the entire text, selecting the most important things from it. Moreover, they are identical to each other and, choosing one of these answers, we must also choose the second one, because they have no differences.