Olga mescherskaya light breathing. Easy breath. Easy breathing: fracture

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OLGA Meshcherskaya

OLGA Meshcherskaya is the heroine of IA Bunin's story "Easy Breathing" (1916). The story is based on material from a newspaper chronicle: an officer shot a schoolgirl. In this rather unusual incident, Bunin caught the image of an absolutely natural and relaxed young woman, who entered the world of adults early and easily. O. M. - a sixteen-year-old girl, about whom the author writes that "she did not stand out in any way in the crowd of brown gymnasium dresses." The point is not at all in beauty, but in inner freedom, unusual and unusual for a person of her age and gender. The charm of the image lies precisely in the fact that O.M. does not think about his own life. She lives in full force, without fear and caution. Bunin himself once said: “We call it uterine, and there I called it light breathing. Such naivety and lightness in everything, in insolence, and in death, is “light breathing”, “non-thinking”. " O. M. She has neither the lazy charm of an adult woman, nor human talents, she only has this freedom and ease of being, not constrained by decency, and also - a rare human dignity for her age, with which she sweeps away all the reproaches of the headmistress and all the rumors around her name. O. M. - personality is precisely the fact of his life.

Psychologist LSVygotsky especially emphasized the heroine's love conflicts in the story, emphasizing that it was this frivolity that "led her astray." KG Paustovsky argued that "this is not a story, but an insight, life itself with its trepidation and love, the writer's sad and calm reflection - an epitaph to maiden beauty." Kucherovsky believed that this was not just an "epitaph to maiden beauty", but an epitaph to the spiritual "aristocratic" of life, which is opposed by the brute force of "plebeianism".

M.Yu.Sorvina

Literary heroes. - Academician. 2009 .

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This story allows us to conclude that it belongs to the genre of the short story. The author managed to convey in a short form the life story of the schoolgirl Olya Meshcherskaya, but not only her. According to the definition of the genre, a novel in a unique, small, concrete event should recreate the entire life of the hero, and through it - the life of society. Ivan Alekseevich, through modernism, creates a unique image of a girl who is still only dreaming of true love.

This feeling was written not only by Bunin ("Light Breathing"). The analysis of love was carried out, perhaps, by all the great poets and writers, very different in character and worldview, therefore many shades of this feeling are presented in Russian literature. Opening the work of the next author, we always find something new. Bunin also has his own. In his works, tragic endings are not uncommon, ending with the death of one of the heroes, but it is more bright than deeply tragic. We come across a similar ending when we finish reading "Light Breathing".

First impression

At first glance, the events seem dirty. The girl plays in love with an ugly officer, far from the circle to which the heroine belonged. In the story, the author uses the so-called method of "proof from return", because even with such vulgar external events, love remains something intact and light, does not touch everyday dirt. Arriving at Olya's grave, the class teacher asks herself how to combine all this with a pure view of "that terrible" that is now associated with the name of the schoolgirl. This question does not require an answer, which is present in the entire text of the work. Bunin's story "Light Breath" is permeated through it.

The character of the main character

Olya Meshcherskaya seems to be the embodiment of youth, thirsty for love, a living and dreamy heroine. Her image, contrary to the laws of public morality, captivates almost everyone, even the younger grades. And even the guardian of morals, teacher Olya, who condemned her for her early growing up, after the death of the heroine comes to the cemetery to her grave every week, constantly thinks about her and even feels, "like all people devoted to a dream," happy.

The peculiarity of the character of the main character of the story is that she longs for happiness and can find it even in such an ugly reality in which she had to find herself. Bunin uses "light breathing" as a metaphor for naturalness, vital energy. the so-called "ease of breathing" is invariably present in Olya, surrounding her with a special halo. People feel this and therefore are drawn to the girl, while not even being able to explain why. She infects everyone with her joy.

Contrasts

Bunin's work "Light Breathing" is built on contrasts. From the very first lines, a double feeling arises: a deserted, sad cemetery, a cold wind, a gray April day. And against this background - a portrait of a schoolgirl with lively, joyful eyes - a photograph on a cross. Olya's whole life is also built on contrast. Cloudless childhood is contrasted with the tragic events that occurred in the last year of the life of the heroine of the story "Light Breathing". Ivan Bunin often emphasizes the contrast, the gap between the real and the apparent, the inner state and the outer world.

The plot of the story

The plot of the work is quite simple. The happy young schoolgirl Olya Meshcherskaya first becomes the prey of her father's friend, an elderly voluptuary, after which she becomes a living target for the aforementioned officer. Her death prompts a classy lady - a single woman to "serve" her memory. However, the apparent simplicity of this plot is violated by a vivid opposition: a heavy cross and lively, joyful eyes, which involuntarily makes the reader's heart shrink. The simplicity of the plot turned out to be deceiving, since the story "Light Breathing" (Ivan Bunin) is not only about the fate of a girl, but also about the unhappy lot of a cool lady who is used to living someone else's life. Oli's relationship with the officer is also interesting.

Relationship with an officer

The already mentioned officer in the plot of the story kills Olya Meshcherskaya, involuntarily deluded by her game. He did this because he was close to her, believed that she loved him, and could not survive the destruction of this illusion. Not every person can evoke such a strong passion in another. This speaks of Oli's bright personality, says Bunin ("Light Breathing"). The act of the main character was cruel, but after all, as you might guess, possessing a special character, she unintentionally intoxicated the officer. Olya Meshcherskaya was looking for a dream in a relationship with him, but she could not find it.

Is Olya to blame?

Ivan Alekseevich believed that birth is not the beginning, and therefore death is not the end of the existence of the soul, the symbol of which is the definition that Bunin used - "light breathing". Analysis of it in the text of the work allows us to conclude that this concept is a soul. She does not disappear without a trace after death, but returns to the source. About this, and not only about the fate of Olya, the work "Light Breathing".

It is no coincidence that Ivan Bunin delays in explaining the reasons for the death of the heroine. The question arises: "Maybe she is to blame for what happened?" After all, she is frivolous, flirting with the schoolboy Shenshin, then, albeit unconsciously, with her father's friend Alexei Mikhailovich Malyutin, who seduced her, then for some reason promises to the officer to marry him. Why did she need all this? Bunin ("Light Breath") analyzes the motives of the heroine's actions. It gradually becomes clear that Olya is as beautiful as the elements. And just as immoral. She strives in everything to reach the depth, to the limit, to the innermost essence, and the opinion of others does not interest the heroine of the work "Light Breathing". Ivan Bunin wanted to tell us that in the actions of the schoolgirl there is no feeling of revenge, no meaningful vice, no firmness of decisions, no pain of remorse. It turns out that the feeling of fullness of life can be destructive. Even an unconscious longing for her is tragic (like a class lady). Therefore, every step, every detail of Olya's life threatens with disaster: prank and curiosity can lead to serious consequences, to violence, and frivolous play with the feelings of other people - to murder. Bunin brings us to such a philosophical thought.

"Light breath" of life

The essence of the heroine is that she lives, and not just plays a role in the play. This is also her fault. To be alive without observing the rules of the game is to be doomed. The environment in which Meshcherskaya exists is completely devoid of a holistic, organic sense of beauty. Life here is subject to strict rules, the violation of which leads to inevitable retribution. Therefore, the fate of Olya turns out to be tragic. Her death is natural, says Bunin. "Light breath", however, did not die with the heroine, but dissolved in the air, filling it with itself. In the finale, the thought about the immortality of the soul sounds in this way.

The image of Olya Meshcherskaya in the story of Ivan Bunin "Easy breath" - an essay on literature by the contemporary Russian poet Danil Rudoy.

Olya Meshcherskaya

I read a light breath in the summer of 2004. At that time, the work of Ivan Bunin was of great interest to me, since I considered his works to be the standard of graceful literature and subtle psychologism. Easy breath Is one of his best works. Nikolai Gumilyov said that the most accurate criterion for the quality of a poem is the desire to be its author. Having finished Easy breath, I really felt regret that the story was not written by me.

The main characters of the story are light breathing, a symbol of spiritual purity, and the schoolgirl Olya Meshcherskaya is a beautiful schoolgirl endowed with it. From the point of view of form, the story is interesting because the meaning of its name is revealed to the reader only at the very end, after the death of Meshcherskaya.

Olya Meshcherskaya is a beautiful schoolgirl, cheerful and ... light. Her behavior is so casual that the word “easy” deserves any synonyms. At the beginning of the story, light breathing can be explained as a sense of self that does not depend on the opinion of the surrounding world. Olya Meshcherskaya does not care what they think of her - for her, only what she wants matters. Therefore, she does not pay attention to ink spots on her fingers, or to mess in clothes, or to other little things that absorb strangers. The headmistress of the gymnasium, whose authoritative remarks Meshcherskaya has to listen to with enviable constancy, is one of them. However, due to her own inertia, intuitively despised by Meshcherskaya, she cannot embarrass the obstinate pupil and force her to change her faith in herself.

It is this inner independence that gives rise to the lightness of Meshcherskaya. The reasons for Olya's popularity as a friend and as a girl are in her naturalness. But Olya is still young and does not understand the exclusiveness of her nature, naively expecting from others the same intentions that she is pursuing.

Easy breathing: fracture

Ivan Bunin. Maturity

Olya Meshcherskaya's meeting with Malyutin is a turning point in her life, when a painful epiphany sets in. In her diary, describing what happened, Meshcherskaya repeats the word "I" seventeen times. " I don't understand how this could have happened, I lost my mind, I never thought that I was like that!”(Ivan Bunin.“ Light Breathing ”) Closeness with a man turned Olya into a woman in the literal sense, giving her a new sense of herself.

The evening with Malyutin did not change only one thing in Meshchersky - that which will lead to her death, this gullible conviction that all life is a game. This was the case before - with the lower grades, who loved her so much, with her friends at the gymnasium, who loved her even more - it will be so now. But now the game of love will turn into a theater, having lost all legacy. Turn the head of an ignoble man and deceive him, at the very last moment, already at the station platform - what is this bad? Who doesn't fall in love and take vows at seventeen? But the officer kills Olya, cutting off the light breath of her life with one shot. His act is a riot, and in some ways is tantamount to suicide. It's not that he plebeian and ugly... Meshcherskaya played with his whole life, giving him hope for happiness, which he hardly dared to dream of, and cruelly depriving him of this hope - and with it, of any bearable future.

The finale leaves a heavy impression. Meshcherskaya, who embodied light breathing, dies; the breath itself is dispersed, and it is not clear when it will incarnate again. Olya's death is unfair: she paid for the inspiration, which was not evil intent: only spoiled... Alas, Meshcherskaya does not have time to understand what light breathing is, which becomes obvious in the culminating dialogue with Subbotina. Her death is a huge loss, and therefore the heavy and smooth oak cross on her grave looks especially symbolic. And how many people are left in the world who are completely subordinate to the external world and completely devoid of inner lightness and sincerity? The same cool lady. Become Olya Meshcherskaya her invention during her lifetime, this middle-aged person would certainly be able to change her life, and perhaps even become happy, cultivating in her soul a drop of light breath, given to her by Olya.

On people like Meshcherskaya, the world is held, although it sounds pretentious. Light breathing gives strength not only to them, but supports the whole life around, forcing other people to be equal to the new standard. However, light breathing is defenseless, and if its inspiration kills itself, nothing will remain of it except a grave cross and a tragic gust of cold wind.

The question of the meaning of life is eternal; in the literature of the beginning of the twentieth century, this topic was also discussed. Now the meaning was seen not in achieving some clear goal, but in something else. For example, according to the theory of "living life", the meaning of human existence is in itself, no matter what this life is. V. Veresaev, A. Kuprin, I. Shmelev, B. Zaitsev adhered to this idea. I.Bunin also reflected "Living Life" in his works, his "Light Breathing" is a vivid example.

However, life was not the reason for the creation of the story: Bunin conceived the short story while walking through the cemetery. Seeing a cross with a portrait of a young woman, the writer was amazed at how her cheerfulness contrasts with the sad surrounding environment. What kind of life was it? Why did she, so alive and joyful, leave this world so early? Nobody could answer these questions. But Bunin's imagination drew the life of this girl, who became the heroine of the short story "Light Breathing".

The plot is outwardly unpretentious: the cheerful and developed beyond her years Olya Meshcherskaya arouses burning interest in the opposite sex with her female attractiveness, her behavior irritates the headmaster of the gymnasium, who decides to hold an instructive conversation for the pupil about how important modesty is. But this conversation ended unexpectedly: the girl said that she was no longer a girl, she became a woman after meeting the boss's brother and a friend of Malyutin's father. It soon turned out that this was not the only love story: Olya met with a Cossack officer. The latter was planning a quick wedding. However, at the station, before her lover left for Novocherkassk, Meshcherskaya said that their relationship was insignificant for her and she would not marry. Then she offered to read the diary entry about her fall. The soldier shot the windy girl, it is with the description of her grave that the story begins. A cool lady often goes to the cemetery, the fate of the student has become a meaning for her.

Themes

The main themes of the novel are the value of life, beauty and simplicity. The author himself interpreted his story as a story about the highest degree of simplicity in a woman: "naivety and lightness in everything, both in insolence and in death." Olya lived without limiting herself to rules and foundations, including moral ones. It was in this innocence, reaching the point of depravity, that the heroine's charm lay. She lived as she does, faithful to the theory of "living life": why restrain herself if life is so beautiful? So she sincerely rejoiced at her attractiveness, not caring about neatness and decency. She also had fun with the courtship of young people, not taking their feelings seriously (schoolboy Shenshin was on the verge of suicide because of his love for her).

Bunin also touched upon the topic of meaninglessness and dullness of being in the image of the teacher Olya. This "elderly girl" is opposed to her student: the only pleasure for her is a suitable illusory idea: "At first, such an invention was her brother, a poor and in no way remarkable warrant officer, - she united her whole soul with him, with his future, which for some reason seemed to her brilliant. When he was killed near Mukden, she convinced herself that she was an ideological worker. The death of Olya Meshcherskaya captivated her with a new dream. Now Olya Meshcherskaya is the subject of her persistent thoughts and feelings. "

Problematic

• The question of the balance between passions and decency is rather controversially disclosed in the novel. The writer clearly sympathizes with Olya, who chooses the first, praises her "light breath" as a synonym for charm and naturalness. In contrast to this, the heroine is punished for her frivolity, and she is punished harshly - with death. This leads to the problem of freedom: society, with its conventions, is not ready to give permissiveness to the individual, even in the intimate sphere. Many people think that this is good, but they are often forced to carefully hide and suppress the secret desires of their own soul. But to achieve harmony, a compromise is needed between society and the individual, and not the unconditional primacy of the interests of one of them.
• You can also highlight the social aspect in the novel's problems: the joyless and dull atmosphere of a provincial city, where anything can happen if no one finds out. In such a place, there really is nothing more to do except discuss and condemn those who want to escape from the gray routine of being at least at the expense of passion. Social inequality manifests itself between Olya and her last lover ("an ugly and plebeian appearance, which had absolutely nothing to do with the circle to which Olya Meshcherskaya belonged"). Obviously, the reason for the refusal was the same class prejudices.
• The author does not dwell on the relations in Olya's family, but judging by the feelings of the heroine and the events in her life, they are far from ideal: “I was so happy that I was alone! In the morning I walked in the garden, in the field, was in the forest, it seemed to me that I was alone in the whole world, and I thought as well as never in my life. I dined alone, then played for an hour, to the music I had the feeling that I would live endlessly and be as happy as no one else. " Obviously, no one was involved in the upbringing of the girl, and her problem lies in abandonment: no one taught her, at least by his own example, how to balance between feelings and reason.

Characteristics of heroes

1. The main and most revealed character of the novel is Olya Meshcherskaya. The author pays great attention to her appearance: the girl is very beautiful, graceful, graceful. But little is said about the inner world, the emphasis is only on frivolity and frankness. After reading in the book that the basis of feminine charm is light breathing, she began to actively develop it both externally and internally. Not only does she sigh shallowly, but she also thinks, fluttering through life like a moth. Moths, circling around the fire, invariably scorch their wings, and the heroine died in the prime of life.
2. The Cossack officer is a fatal and mysterious hero, nothing is known about him, except for a sharp difference from Olya. How they met, the motives for the murder, the course of their relationship - all this can only be guessed at. Most likely, the officer is a passionate and carried away nature, he fell in love very much (or thought that he fell in love), but he was clearly not satisfied with Oli's frivolity. The hero wanted the girl to belong only to him, so he was even ready to take her life.
3. The cool lady unexpectedly appears in the finale as an element of contrast. She has never lived with pleasures, sets goals for herself, living in a fictional world. She and Olya are two extremes of the problem of the balance between duty and desire.

Composition and genre

The genre of "Light Breathing" is a short story (short story story), in a small volume many problems and themes were reflected, a picture of the life of different groups of society was drawn.

The composition of the story deserves special attention. The narration is sequential, but it is fragmentary. First, we see Olya's grave, then tell about her fate, then again return to the present - a visit to the cemetery by a classy lady. Speaking about the life of the heroine, the author chooses a special focus in the narration: he describes in detail the conversation with the headmaster of the gymnasium, the seduction of Olya, but her murder, her acquaintance with the officer is described in a few words. Bunin concentrates on feelings, sensations, colors, his story seems to be written in watercolors, it is filled with airiness and softness, therefore, the impartial is described captivatingly.

The meaning of the name

"Light breath" is the very first component of feminine charm, according to the creators of the books that Olya's father has. Lightness, turning into frivolity, the girl wanted to learn. And she achieved her goal, although she paid, but "this light breath again scattered in the world, in this cloudy sky, in this cold spring wind."

Also, lightness is associated with the style of the novel: the author diligently avoids sharp corners, although he talks about monumental things: true and contrived love, honor and dishonor, illusory and real life. But this work, according to the writer E. Koltonskaya, leaves the impression of "bright gratitude to the Creator for the fact that there is such beauty in the world."

You can relate to Bunin in different ways, but his style is full of imagery, beauty of presentation and courage - this is a fact. He talks about everything, even the forbidden, but knows how not to go beyond the brink of vulgarity. That is why this talented writer is loved to this day.

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