Rgb storage. Russian state library (rgb). Activities to expand the activities of the book depository

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Russian State Library(FGBU RSL) - the national library of the Russian Federation, the largest public library in Russia and continental Europe and one of the largest libraries in the world; a leading research institution in the field of library science, bibliography and bibliology, a methodological and advisory center for Russian libraries of all systems (except for special and scientific and technical ones), a center for recommendatory bibliography.

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History

Library of the Rumyantsev Museum

The Rumyantsev Museum, established in 1828 and founded in 1831 in St. Petersburg, has been part of the Imperial Public Library since 1845. The museum was in dire straits. The curator of the Rumyantsev Museum V.F. Odoevsky proposed to transport the Rumyantsev collections to Moscow, where they would be in demand and preserved. Odoevsky's note about the plight of the Rumyantsev Museum, addressed to the Minister of the State Court, "accidentally" saw N. V. Isakov and gave it a go.

The curators of the department of manuscripts and early printed books, with which throughout its history the library was especially closely connected, were A. Ye. Viktorov, D. P. Lebedev, S. O. Dolgov. DP Lebedev in -1891 - first assistant to A. Ye. Viktorov in the department of manuscripts, and after the death of Viktorov replaced him as the keeper of the department.

In the same year, a 50-meter vertical conveyor for the transport of books was commissioned, an electric train and a belt conveyor were launched to deliver requests from the reading rooms to the book depository. Work has begun on serving readers with photocopies. For reading microfilms, a small office was organized, equipped with two Soviet and one American apparatus.

V.I. Nevsky made sure that the authorities made a decision on the need for construction. He also laid the first stone in the foundation of the new building. It became the standard of the "Stalinist Empire" style. The authors combined Soviet monumentalism and neoclassical forms. The building harmoniously blended into the architectural environment - the Kremlin, Moscow University, Manege, Pashkov House.

The building is lavishly decorated. Between the pylons of the facade there are bronze bas-reliefs depicting scientists, philosophers, and writers: Archimedes, Copernicus, Gallileo, I. Newton, M.V. Lomonosov, Ch. Darwin, A.S. Pushkin, N.V. Gogol. The sculptural frieze over the main portico was made mainly according to the drawings of the academician of architecture and theatrical artist V.A.Shchuko. M. G. Manizer, N. V. Krandievskaya, V. I. Mukhina, S. V. Evseev, V. V. Lishev took part in the design of the Library. The conference hall was designed by the architect A.F. Khryakov.

For the facing of the facades, limestone and solemn black granite were used, for the interiors - marble, bronze, oak wall panels.

In 1957-1958, the construction of buildings "A" and "B" was completed. The war prevented the completion of all work on schedule. The construction and development of the library complex, which includes several buildings, lasted until 1960.

In 2003, an advertising structure in the form of the Uralsib logo was installed on the roof of the building. In May 2012, the structure, which had become "one of the dominant features of the historical center of Moscow", was dismantled.

Main book depository

Library funds

The fund of the Russian State Library originates from the collection of N.P. Rumyantsev, which included more than 28 thousand books, 710 manuscripts, more than 1000 maps.

In the "Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum" it was written that the director was obliged to ensure that all literature published on the territory of the Russian Empire got into the Library of Museums. So, since 1862, the Library began to receive a legal copy. 80% of the fund until 1917 were legal deposit receipts. Donations and donations have become the most important source of replenishment for the fund.

A year and a half after the founding of the Museums, the Library fund amounted to 100 thousand items. And on January 1 (13), 1917, the Library of the Rumyantsev Museum had 1 million 200 thousand storage units.

At the time of the beginning of the work of the Interdepartmental Commission, headed by the USSR Glavlit, on revising publications and rearranging them from special storage departments to open funds in 1987, the special storage department fund numbered about 27 thousand domestic books, 250 thousand foreign books, 572 thousand issues of foreign magazines, about 8.5 thousand annual sets of foreign newspapers.

Central main fund has more than 29 million items of storage: books, magazines, continuing editions, documents for official use. It is the basic collection in the subsystem of the main documentary funds of the RSL. The fund was formed on the basis of the collection principle. More than 200 private book collections of Russian scientists, culture, education, prominent bibliophiles and collectors of Russia are of particular value.

Central reference and bibliographic fund has more than 300 thousand storage units. The content of the documents included in it is universal. The fund contains a significant collection of abstract, bibliographic and reference publications in Russian, languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation and foreign languages (with the exception of eastern ones). Retrospective bibliographic indexes, dictionaries, encyclopedias, reference books, guidebooks are widely represented in the fund.

Central subsidiary fund completes and quickly provides readers in open access mode with the most popular printed publications in Russian, issued by the central publishing houses of Moscow and St. Petersburg. The fund contains a large collection of scientific, reference and educational literature. In addition to books, it includes magazines, brochures, newspapers.

Electronic library of the RSL is a collection of electronic copies of valuable and most requested publications from the collections of the RSL, from external sources and documents originally created in electronic form. The volume of the fund at the beginning of 2013 is about 900 thousand documents and is constantly being replenished. The full range of resources is available in the reading rooms of the RSL. Access to documents is provided in accordance with Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

The RSL electronic library includes open access resources that can be freely read on the Internet from anywhere in the world, and limited access resources that can be read only within the walls of the RSL, from any reading room.

There are about 600 Virtual Reading Rooms (VChZ) in Russia and the CIS countries. They are in national and regional libraries, as well as in libraries of universities and other educational institutions. VChZ make it possible to access and work with documents of the RSL, including those with limited access resources. Providing this function is DefView software, the predecessor of the more modern Vivaldi digital library network.

Fund of manuscripts is a universal collection of written and graphic manuscripts in different languages, including Old Russian, Ancient Greek, Latin. It contains handwritten books, archival collections and funds, personal (family, ancestral) archives. Documents, the earliest of which date back to the 6th century AD. e., made on paper, parchment, and other specific materials. The fund contains the rarest handwritten books: the Arkhangelsk Gospel (1092), the Khitrovo Gospel (late 14th - early 15th centuries), etc.

Fund of rare and valuable publications has more than 300 thousand storage units. It includes printed publications in Russian and foreign languages, corresponding to certain social and value parameters - uniqueness, priority, memoriality, collectibility. The fund, in terms of the content of the documents included in it, is universal in nature. It presents printed books from the middle of the 16th century, Russian periodicals, including Moskovskie vedomosti (from 1756), publications of the Slavic first printers Sh. Fiol, F. Skorina, I. Fedorov and P. Mstislavets, collections of incunabula and paleotypes , the first editions of the works of J. Bruno, Dante, R. G. de Clavijo, N. Copernicus, archives of N. V. Gogol, I. S. Turgenev, A. P. Chekhov, A. A. Blok, M. A. Bulgakov and others.

Dissertation Fund includes domestic doctoral and master's theses in all branches of knowledge, except medicine and pharmacy. The collection contains author's copies of dissertations -2010 years, as well as microforms of dissertations, made instead of originals -1950s. The fund is preserved as part of the cultural heritage of Russia.

Fund of Newspapers, which includes more than 670 thousand storage units, is one of the largest collections in Russia and the post-Soviet space. It includes domestic and foreign newspapers published since the 18th century. The most valuable part of the fund is Russian pre-revolutionary newspapers and publications of the first years of Soviet power.

Military Literature Fund has more than 614 thousand storage units. It includes printed and electronic publications in Russian and foreign languages. Wartime documents are presented - front-line newspapers, posters, leaflets, texts for which were composed by the classics of Soviet literature I. G. Erenburg, S. V. Mikhalkov, S. Ya. Marshak, M. V. Isakovsky.

Fund of literature in oriental languages(countries of Asia and Africa) includes domestic and most scientifically and practically significant foreign publications in 224 languages, reflecting a variety of topics, genres, types of printing design. The most complete sections of the social-political and humanitarian sciences are presented in the fund. It includes books, magazines, continuing publications, newspapers, speech recordings.

Specialized fund of current periodicals formed to quickly serve readers with current periodicals. Duplicate copies of Russian periodicals are in the public domain. The collection contains domestic and foreign magazines, as well as the most requested central and Moscow newspapers in Russian. After the expiration of the established period, the journals are transferred for permanent storage to the Central Fixed Fund.

Fund for publishing, numbering about 1.5 million copies. This collection includes posters and prints, prints and prints, reproductions and postcards, photographs and graphics. The Foundation introduces in detail the personal collections of famous collectors, including portraits, bookplates, works of applied graphics.

Fund of cartographic publications has about 250 thousand storage units. This specialized collection, including atlases, maps, plans, schematic maps and globes, provides material on topics, types of such publications and forms of presentation of cartographic information.

Fund of music publications and sound recordings(more than 400 thousand items) is one of the largest collections representing the most significant in the world repertoire, starting from the 16th century. The music fund has both original documents and copies. It also includes documents on electronic media. The fund of sound recordings contains shellac and vinyl gramophone records, cassettes, tape recorders of domestic producers, DVD.

Foundation of Official and Regulatory Publications is a specialized collection of official documents and publications of international organizations, government and administrative bodies of the Russian Federation and individual foreign countries, official regulatory and production documents, and Rosstat publications. The total volume of the fund exceeds 2 million units of storage, presented in paper and electronic forms, as well as on other micro-carriers.

V fund of literature of the Russian diaspora, numbering more than 700 thousand items of storage, the works of authors of all waves of emigration are presented. Its most valuable component is the collection of newspapers published in the lands occupied by the White Army during the Civil War, others were published in the occupied territories of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. The fund contains the works of the leaders of the national human rights movement.

Network Remote Resources Foundation has more than 180 thousand items. It includes resources of other organizations located on remote servers, to which the library issues permanent or temporary access. In terms of the content of the documents included in the fund, it is universal in nature.

Optical CD Foundation(CD and DVD) - one of the youngest collections of documents of the RSL. The fund has more than 8 thousand storage units of various types and purposes. Includes text, sound and multimedia documents that are original publications or electronic counterparts to printed publications. The content of the documents included in it is universal.

Fund of literature on library science, bibliography and bibliology is the world's largest specialized collection of this kind of publications. It also includes language dictionaries, encyclopedias and general reference books, literature on related fields of knowledge. The 170 thousand documents in the collection cover the period from the 18th century to the present. The publications of the Russian State Library are allocated to a separate collection.

Fund of working copies of microforms has about 3 million storage units. It includes microforms of publications in Russian and foreign languages. The microforms of newspapers and dissertations, as well as publications that do not have paper equivalents, but correspond to such parameters as value, uniqueness, and high demand, are partially represented.

Domestic Book Exchange Fund, included in the subsystem of the RSL exchange funds, has more than 60 thousand storage units. These are doublet and non-core documents excluded from the main funds - books, brochures, periodicals in Russian and foreign languages. The fund is intended to be redistributed through a gift, equivalent exchange and sale.

Fund of unpublished documents and deposited scientific works on culture and art has more than 15 thousand storage units. It includes deposited scientific works and unpublished documents - reviews, abstracts, references, bibliographic lists, methodological and methodical-bibliographic materials, scripts of holidays and mass performances, materials of conferences and meetings. The foundation's documents are of great industry-wide significance.

The official history of one of the world's largest national libraries began in the middle of the 19th century and is closely connected with the name of Count Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantsev (1754-1826), diplomat, chancellor, chairman of the State Council and founder of a wonderful private museum he created in St. Petersburg and with the aim of serving the Fatherland "for good enlightenment."

Count Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantsev dreamed of a museum telling about the history, art, originality and nature of Russia. He collected historical books and manuscripts, compiled chronicles of ancient Russian cities, published monuments of ancient Russian writing, studied the customs and rituals of the peoples of Russia. After his death, Nikolai Petrovich's brother, Sergei Petrovich Rumyantsev, handed over a huge library (more than 28 thousand volumes), manuscripts, collections and a small collection of paintings to the state - "for the benefit of the Fatherland and good enlightenment." The collections of Count Rumyantsev formed the basis of the collection of the Rumyantsev Museum, established on March 22, 1828 by the decree of Nicholas I.

On November 23, 1831, the Museum, located in the Rumyantsev mansion on the English Embankment in St. Petersburg, was opened to visitors. The regulation read:

“Every Monday from 10 am to 3 pm, the Museum is open for all readers to inspect it. On other days, except for Sundays and holidays, those visitors are allowed who intend to engage in reading and extracts ... ".

Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov (1781-1864), a poet, paleographer, and archaeographer, was appointed the Senior Librarian of the Museum.

In 1845, the Rumyantsev Museum became part of the Imperial Public Library. Prince Vladimir Fedorovich Odoevsky (1804-1869), a writer, musicologist, philosopher, assistant director of the Imperial Public Library, became the curator of the museum.

By 1853, the Rumyantsev Museum kept 966 manuscripts, 598 maps and drawing books (atlases), 32 345 volumes of printed publications. His jewelry was studied by 722 readers who ordered 1,094 items. The exhibition halls were visited by 256 visitors.

Moving to Moscow

The state of the Rumyantsev Museum left much to be desired, the collections were almost never replenished, and the director of the Imperial Public Library, Modest Andreevich Korf, instructed Vladimir Fedorovich Odoevsky to prepare a note on the possibility of transferring the Museum to Moscow in the hope that his collections would be more in demand there. A note about the plight of the Rumyantsev Museum, sent to the Minister of the State Court, fell into the hands of the then trustee of the Moscow educational district, General Nikolai Vasilyevich Isakov, who gave it a go.

On May 23, 1861, the Committee of Ministers adopted a resolution to transfer the Rumyantsev Museum to Moscow. In the same year, along with the transportation of the collections to Moscow, the acquisition and systematization of the Museum's funds began. In whole boxes, supplied with registers and catalog cards, many Russian, foreign and early printed books were sent to the library being formed in Moscow from the doublets of the Imperial Public Library in St. Petersburg.

One of the most famous buildings in Moscow, the Pashkov House on Vagankovsky Hill, was allocated to house the collections. The spacious building united the collections of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museum.

Emperor Alexander II on June 19, 1862 approved the "Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum". The "Statute ..." became the first legal document that defined the management, structure, directions of activity, admission to the Library of Museums of a legal deposit, the staffing table of a public Museum with a public library, which was part of this Museum, which was being created for the first time in Moscow. In 1869 the Emperor approved the first and until 1917 the only Charter of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums. Nikolai Isakov became the first director of the united museum.

The Moscow public and Rumyantsev museums included, in addition to the Library, departments of manuscripts, rare books, Christian and Russian antiquities, departments of fine arts, ethnographic, numismatic, archaeological, mineralogical.

Replenishment of museum funds

Moscow Governor-General Pavel Alekseevich Tuchkov and Nikolai Vasilyevich Isakov urged all Muscovites to take part in the replenishment and formation of the newly created Museum of Sciences and Arts. As a result, the fund of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums includes more than 300 book and manuscript collections and individual priceless gifts.

Donations and donations have become the most important source of replenishment for the fund. No wonder they wrote that the Museum was created by private donations and public initiative. A year and a half after the founding of the Museums, the Library's fund already amounted to 100 thousand units. And on January 1, 1917, the Library of the Rumyantsev Museum already had 1,200 thousand storage units.

One of the main donors was Emperor Alexander II. Many books and a large collection of prints from the Hermitage, more than two hundred paintings and other rarities were received from him. The largest gift was the famous painting by the artist Alexander Andreevich Ivanov "The Appearance of the Messiah" and sketches for it, acquired from the heirs especially for the Rumyantsev Museum.

In the “Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum” it was written that the director was obliged to “monitor” that all literature published on the territory of the state gets into the Library of Museums. And since 1862, the Library began to receive a legal copy. Prior to 1917, 80 percent of the fund was legal deposit receipts.

Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum

In 1913, the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov was celebrated. The celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums was also timed to this time. The role of the imperial family as patrons of the Museums can hardly be overestimated. Since 1913, the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museum, in accordance with the highest decision, began to be called the "Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum".

From that time on, for the first time, the library began to receive not only gifts and an obligatory copy of publications, but also money for the formation of funds. Now it is possible to build a new book depository. In 1915, a new art gallery was opened with the Ivanovsky Hall, named after the artist who created the most valuable painting in the museum's collection. The gallery was arranged in such a way that visitors could take in the "Appearance of the Messiah" - a painting measuring 540 × 750 cm.

State Rumyantsev Museum

By 1917, the collection of the library of museums consisted of 1,200,000 items.

From the first days of the February Revolution, a process of democratization of governing structures and relationships between leading and rank-and-file employees began in many cultural institutions. In March 1917, the Rumyantsev Museum changed the previous system, under which the director was the head of the institution. At the meeting of the Museum Council, a new democratic order is approved, and the decision-making power is transferred from the director to the Council.

The last director in the history of the Imperial Museum and the first Soviet director of the State Rumyantsev Museum was Prince Vasily Dmitrievich Golitsyn (1857-1926). An artist, military, public, museum figure, Vasily Dmitrievich took office as director on July 19, 1910. It was on his shoulders that the main burden fell: to preserve the funds.

The staff of the museum and library managed not only to preserve the valuables, but also to save private collections from destruction. The fund includes meetings of businessman Lev Konstantinovich Zubalov, merchant Yegor Yegorovich Yegorov and many others. From 1917 to 1922, during the mass nationalization of private collections, including books, more than 500 thousand books from 96 private libraries were transferred to the library fund. Among them are collections of counts Sheremetevs (4 thousand copies), count Dmitry Nikolaevich Mavros (25 thousand copies), famous antiquarian bookseller Pavel Petrovich Shibanov (more than 190 thousand), libraries of princes Baryatinsky, noble family of Korsakovs, counts Orlov-Davydovs, Vorontsov-Dashkovs other. Due to the transferred, abandoned and nationalized collections, the funds of the museum have grown from 1 million 200 thousand storage units to 4 million.

In 1918, an interlibrary loan and a bibliographic reference bureau were organized in the library of the State Rumyantsev Museum. In 1921 the Library becomes a state book depository.

State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin

In the early 1920s, all non-book collections - paintings, graphics, numismatics, porcelain, minerals, and so on - began to be transferred to other museums. They were included in the collections of the State Tretyakov Gallery, the State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, the State Historical Museum and many others. In July 1925, the USSR Central Executive Committee adopted a resolution on the liquidation of the Rumyantsev Museum, on the basis of the library of which the V.I.Lenin State Library of the USSR was created.

In the 1920s-1930s, the State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin is a leading scientific institution. First of all, it is the largest information base of science. On May 3, 1932, by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the Library was included in the number of research institutions of republican significance.

The library stands at the head of one of the important branches of science - library science. Since 1922, it has included the Cabinet, and since 1924 the Institute of Library Science. One of his tasks was training. Two-year, nine-month, six-month courses for librarians were organized, postgraduate studies were opened (since 1930). In 1930, the first library university was established here, which in 1934 separated from the Lenin Library and became independent.

"Leninka" during the war

By the beginning of 1941, the collection of the Lenin Library numbered more than 9 million copies. 6 reading rooms of the Lenin Library served thousands of readers every day. 1200 employees supported all areas of the Library's activities. The move began to a new building, designed by Academician Vladimir Alekseevich Shchuko, designed for 20 million storage units.

During the Great Patriotic War, the Library continued its work: acquisition and storage of funds.

The return to the Library of the re-evacuated funds (layer) and the transfer of books to the 18-tier book depository by a manual conveyor (right), 1944.

In the first two years of the war, more than 1000 books and 20% of periodicals were purchased, which were not received from the Book Chamber as legal deposit. The management of the Library managed to get newspapers, magazines, brochures, posters, leaflets, slogans and other publications published by the Military Publishing House, political administrations of fronts and armies to be handed over to it. The library of the antiquarian Pavel Petrovich Shibanov (more than five thousand volumes), containing bibliographic rarities, a collection of books by Nikolai Ivanovich Birukov, Russian folk songbooks, books on the history of medicine, on the history of theater in Russia and many others, became a valuable acquisition.

In 1942 the Library had book exchange relations with 16 countries, with 189 organizations. Since 1944, the issue of transferring candidate and doctoral dissertations to the Library was resolved.

The service of readers did not stop even for a day. And in 1942 the Children's Reading Room was opened.

In the interests of readers, traveling exhibitions were organized, the service of readers continued on an interlibrary loan, books were sent as a gift to the front, to hospital libraries.

The library conducted intensive scientific work: scientific conferences, sessions were held, monographs were written, dissertations were defended, postgraduate studies were restored, the work begun in the pre-war years on the creation of the Library-Bibliographic Classification continued. The Academic Council was meeting, which included famous scientists, including 5 academicians and correspondent members of the Academy of Sciences, writers, cultural figures, leading specialists in the field of library and book science.

State Library named after Lenin: restoration and development

In the post-war years, the Library faced serious tasks: the development of a new building, its technical equipment (conveyor, electric train, belt conveyor, etc.), the organization of new forms of document storage and service (microfilming, photocopying), functional activities - acquisition, processing, organization and storage of funds, formation of a reference and retrieval apparatus. Particular attention is paid to serving readers.

On April 18, 1946, the first reading conference in the history of the Library took place in the conference hall.

In 1947, a 50-meter vertical conveyor for the transport of books went into operation, an electric train and a belt conveyor were launched to deliver requests from the reading rooms to the book depository.

In 1947, work began on serving readers with photocopies.

In 1947, a small office was organized for reading microfilms, equipped with two Soviet and one American apparatus.

In 1955, an international subscription was resumed at the Library.

In 1957-1958, reading rooms No. 1, 2, 3, 4 were opened in new premises.

In 1959-1960, a system of branch reading rooms was formed, auxiliary funds of scientific rooms were transferred to an open access system.

In the mid-1960s, the Library had 22 reading rooms with 2330 seats.

The status of the Library as a national book depository is being strengthened. Since 1960, Leninka ceases to serve children and adolescents: specialized libraries for children and youth have appeared. At the beginning of 1960, the reading room of the music and music department was opened. In 1962 it became possible to listen to sound recordings in it, in 1969 a room with a piano for playing musical works appeared.

The dissertation hall was opened in October 1970. Since 1978, a permanent exhibition of the author's abstracts of doctoral dissertations has been organized here in the pre-defense period.

1970s - the leading direction of the information activity of the Library became the servicing of the governing bodies of the state. In 1971-1972, an experimental implementation of the selective information dissemination system (IRI) was carried out in the reference and bibliographic department. In 1974, the Lenin State Library established a new procedure for enrolling in reading rooms, limiting the flow of readers. Now only a researcher or specialist with higher education can enroll in the library.

In 1983, the permanent exhibition of the Museum of the Book opened.

Since 1987, the Service Department has been experimenting with temporary unrestricted enrollment of all those wishing to visit the Library during the summer. And in 1990, the relationship-petition from the place of work, presented when registering in the Library, was canceled, the enrollment of students was expanded.

In connection with the solution of new tasks for organizing and storing funds, including on new media, serving readers, scientific and methodological, scientific research problems, the number of departments has increased almost one and a half times (music and music departments, technological departments, cartography departments, art publications , exhibition work, literature from the Russian diaspora, dissertation hall, research department of library and bibliographic classifications, the Museum of the Library and other departments).

Russian State Library

Changes in the country could not but affect the main library of the country. In 1992, the V. I. Lenin State Library of the USSR was transformed into the Russian State Library. However, the majority of readers continue to call her "Leninka".

Since 1993, the reading rooms of the Library, after a 20-year hiatus, are again available to all citizens from the age of 18. And since 2016, anyone over the age of 14 can get a library card.

In 1998, a Legal Information Center was opened at the RSL.

In 2000, the National Program for the Preservation of Russian Library Collections was adopted. Within its framework, a special subprogram "Book Monuments of the Russian Federation" is being implemented. The functions of the Federal Research, Scientific-Methodological and Coordination Center for work with book monuments were assigned to the Russian State Library.

By the end of 2016, the volume of the RSL funds amounted to about 47 million units. There are 36 reading rooms for visitors. Five visitors open the doors of the Library every minute. About one hundred thousand new users are added every year.

In December 2016, a new Ivanovsky Hall was opened on the foundations of the Rumyantsev Museum Art Gallery, which became the main exhibition site of the Russian State Library.

On January 1, 2017, the Russian State Library began to receive in electronic form obligatory copies of all printed publications published in our country. The RSL portal has created a system for receiving, processing, storing and recording mandatory electronic copies.

The annual public report shows in detail how the Russian State Library is developing.

The Russian State Library is the largest public library in the country and one of the largest in the world. It will take 79 years just to flip through the publications stored here for a minute, and this without interruptions for sleep, lunch and other needs. Since 1862, all publications in Russian have been sent to the library. Despite the fact that since 1992 the official name of the institution sounds like the Russian State Library, many still call it the Lenin Library. This name can still be seen on the facade of the building.

Photos of the library. Lenin

The history of the library. Lenin

The library was founded in 1862, the funds were replenished both at the expense of the libraries of St. Petersburg and the efforts of Muscovites who donated valuable manuscripts and publications. Since 1921, the library has become the national book depository. Three years later, the institution was named after Lenin, by which it is widely known to this day.

Construction of the new library building, which houses it to this day, began in 1924. The authors of the project are Vladimir Gelfreikh and Vladimir Shchuko. This is a magnificent example of Stalinist Empire architecture. The building with its numerous columns vaguely resembles ancient Roman temples, it is a very large-scale and beautiful structure, a real palace. A number of buildings were completed much later, in 1958.

Monument to Dostoevsky at the library. Lenin

In 1997, a monument to Fyodor Dostoevsky was erected near the library, the sculpture was created by Alexander Rukavishnikov. The monument does not look majestic. The writer is depicted seated, slightly hunched over, his face sad and thoughtful.

How to enroll in the Lenin Library

Opening hours of the Lenin Library

From 9:00 to 20:00 Monday to Friday, from 9:00 to 19:00 Saturday, Sunday and the last Monday of the month are closed. The opening hours of each of the reading rooms are published on the official website of the library.

Where is it and how to get there

The main building of the library is located in the very heart of Moscow, next to. The Biblioteka imeni Lenina metro station is located right in front of it, and the Aleksandrovsky Sad, Borovitskaya and Arbatskaya stations are also nearby. Also nearby there is a bus and trolleybus stop "Aleksandrovsky Sad".

Address: Moscow, st. Vozdvizhenka, 3/5. Site:

The RSL also has an excellent dining room. Some come here just to drink tea in a warm, comfortable environment. Tea costs 13 rubles, but boiling water is free, some "readers" use it. By the way, the smell in the dining room does not allow you to stay there for too long.

The ceilings are very low, once there was a case when a worker received a concussion, she was taken to the hospital.

Indicators of one day:

- receipt of new documents - 1.8 thousand copies.

Title = "(! LANG: Indicators of one day:
- registration of new users (including new users of the virtual reading rooms of the EDB) - 330 people.
- attendance of reading rooms - 4.2 thousand people.
- the number of visits to the websites of the RSL - 8.2 thousand,
- issuance of documents from the collections of the RSL - 35.3 thousand copies.
- receipt of new documents - 1.8 thousand copies.">!}

Hall of Rare Books - this is where you can touch the most ancient specimens from the collection of the RSL. "Only a reader of the RSL with good reason for this can study the materials of the fund (and the museum exhibits only a small part of it - 300 books), leafing through the pages of unique book monuments. The fund has collected over 100 publications - absolute rarities, about 30 books - the only ones in the world of copies. Here are some more examples of museum exhibits that you can work with in this reading room: "Don Quixote" by Cervantas (1616-1617), "Candide or Optimism" by Voltaire (1759), "Moabite Notebook" (1969), Tatar poet Musa Dzhalidya, written by him in the fascist prison Maobit, "The Arkhangelsk Gospel" (1092). There are the first copies of the works of Pushkin and Shakespeare, books by the publishers Gutenberg, Fedorov, Badoni, Maurice. From the point of view of the history of Russian books will be interesting - Novikov, Suvorin , Marks, Sytin. Cyrillic books are widely represented. "

The largest public-personal library-te-ka of the world.

Any citizen of Russia or any other citizen of Russia can become a chi-ta-te-lem bib-lio-te-ki, if he is -yes-Xia stu-den-tom woo-for-whether-bo-stig 18 years.

In the walls of the RSL there is a unique collection of paternal and foreign documents in 367 languages -ra. The volume of funds exceeded 45 million 500 thousand storage units. Representatives of special-tsi-a-li-zi-ro-wan collections of cards, notes, sound-to-za-pi-sei, rare books, dis-ser- ta-tion, ga-zet and other types of from-da-nii.

Historical reference:

1784, May 17. The first written mention of the beginning of the collecting activity of N.P. Rumyantsev.

1827, November 3. Letter to S.P. Rumyantsev to Emperor Nicholas I: “Most Merciful Sovereign! My deceased brother, expressing his desire to me to compose the Museum ... ".

1828, January 3. Letter from Emperor Nicholas I to S.P. Rumyantsev: “Count Sergei Petrovich! I learned with particular pleasure that following the promptings of your zeal for the good of the common, we intend to transfer the Museum, which belongs to you, known for its precious collections, to the jurisdiction of the Government, in order to make it accessible to everyone and thereby contribute to the success of public education. I express to you my good pleasure and gratitude for this gift, brought to the sciences and the Fatherland by you and wishing to preserve the memory of the founders of this useful institution, I ordered to call this Museum Rumyantsev. "

1828, March 22. The personal decree to the Senate of Nicholas I "On the establishment of the Rumyantsev Museum": "For the houses located here in St. Petersburg of the 1st Admiralty part of the 4th quarter at No. 229 and 196, houses bought by the late State Chancellor Count Rumyantsev from the English merchant Thomas Vara and bequeathed by him to the newly established Public Scientific Institution , which should be called the Rumyantsev Museum. We command: in fulfillment of this will of the owner, although only verbally expressed by him, but confirmed by the testimony of his brother and only heir, Actual Privy Counselor Count Rumyantsev, to be recognized from now on as the property of the Ministry of Public Education ... ”.

1828, March 22. The highest rescript addressed to the Minister of Public Education - "On admission to the Ministry of Public Education of the Rumyantsev Museum, and on the rules by which this institution must be managed": "Alexander Semyonovich! (Minister A.S.Shishkov) ...

I command you in accordance with these assumptions: 1. The buildings assigned to the premises of the Rumyantsev Museum and other buildings belonging to it ... accept ... without committing an act of sale on them, at the date specified by him on May 1 of this 1828 2. Accept ... and the library, collections stored in the Museum manuscripts, coins and minerals ... works of art ... 3. To make it a rule that the Rumyantsev Museum, as a public institution, will be open to the public once a week ... 4. Draw up ... a draft of the Charter ... and the staff ... ".

1831, May 28. The highest approved opinion of the State Council on the approval of the Regulations, budget and staff of the Rumyantsev Museum:

"Establishment of the Rumyantsev Museum". Dept. I About the purpose of the museum.

§ 1. The meeting left by the late State Chancellor Count Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantsev ... is appointed for public use, called, by the Imperial will, the Rumyantsev Museum.
§ 2. Every Monday from 10 am to 3 pm, the Museum is open for all readers to inspect it. On other days, except for Sundays and holidays, those visitors are allowed who intend to engage in reading and extracts ...
§ 4. The Rumyantsev Museum is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Education, sent by the Senior Librarian onago (Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire).

1831, June 27. A.Kh. was appointed to the position of the Senior Librarian of the Museum. Vostokov (1781 - 1864) - poet, paleographer, archeographer. From 1824 he worked as a librarian in the Department of Spiritual Affairs and (from August 1829) in the Imperial Public Library as a curator of manuscripts.

1838, January 24. S.P. died. Rumyantsev. At the same time, by decree of Nicholas I, the Minister of War handed over to the Rumyantsev Museum rescripts, letters, diplomas, and diplomas given to the Rumyantsev family. The donated gift was the only major addition to the Museum's fund in the first half of the 19th century.

1844, May 15. E.M. was appointed to the position of Senior Librarian, Head of the Rumyantsev Museum. Lobanov (1787 - 1846) - writer, poet. Awarded the title of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1845. A friend and first biographer I.A. Krylova, N.I. Gnedich.

1845, August 21. The highest approved provision of the Committee of Ministers "On the subordination of the Rumyantsev Museum to the authorities of the Imperial Library". “… The Committee, considering that the Museum given to the government by Count Rumyantsev had been given the name Rumyantsevsky and that two houses had been donated by Count Rumyantsev for it, found that a perfect merger of this Museum with other similar institutions would be inconvenient and would violate the will of the founders; but in order to reduce the costs required for the maintenance of the aforementioned Museum, falling mostly on the State Treasury ... to subordinate it to the authorities of the Imperial Public Library, especially since an Assistant is appointed under the Director of this Library, who can easily be entrusted with the close supervision of the Museum ... ".

1846, May 27. The Charter of the Rumyantsev Museum was approved by Nicholas I: “§ 6. The Rumyantsev Museum is under the jurisdiction of the Minister of Public Education, ...“ is under the control of the Director of the Imperial Public Library and the closest administration of his Assistant ”.

1846, July 12. Assistant to the Director of the Imperial Public Library, Prince V.F. Odoevsky (1804 - 1869) - writer, musicologist, philosopher, assistant director of the Imperial Public Library from June 20, 1846.

1850, February 20. The Imperial Public Library and the Rumyantsev Museum were approved by Nicholas I: “§ 1. The Imperial Public Library and the Rumyantsev Museum, belonging to the general composition of the Ministry of the Imperial Court, are directly managed by the Director.

1861, May 23. The position of the Committee of Ministers - "On the transfer of the Rumyantsev Museum from St. Petersburg to Moscow" was approved by Alexander II.

1861, June 27. Commission consisting of: N.V. Isakov, A.V. Bychkov, V.F. Odoevsky - proceeded to transfer the Rumyantsev Museum to the Ministry of Public Education and to prepare for the relocation of the collection of N.P. Rumyantsev to Moscow.

1861, August 5. Dispatches from the Director of the Imperial Public Library M.A. Korf to the Minister of the Imperial Court V.F. Adlerberg: “I have the honor to notify you, dear sir, that the delivery of houses and all property of the Rumyantsev Museum, together with the residual amounts of this institution, to the Ministry of Public Education has been completed on this August 1 ...”.

Painting, painted on canvas by the painter Torelli in 1773, representing the solemn procession of Catherine the Great to the lands conquered from the Turks. This picture was kept in the Hermitage, but at the all-subject request of Count Sergei Petrovich, it was granted to the Rumyantsev Museum.

By 1853, i.e. 25 years after the establishment of the Rumyantsev Museum and the receipt of the collection of N.P. Rumyantsev for state storage, its volume has changed insignificantly. The Rumyantsev Museum contained 966 manuscripts, 598 maps and drawing books (atlases), 32 345 volumes of printed publications. His jewelry was studied by 722 readers who ordered 1,094 items. storage. The exhibition halls of the museum were visited by 256 visitors.

The transfer of the Rumyantsev Museum to Moscow was predetermined. In the 1850-1860s. in Russia, the movement for the creation of public libraries, museums, educational institutions expanded. The abolition of serfdom was approaching. In these years, new enterprises and banks appeared in Moscow, and railway construction expanded. Working people, young people of various ranks poured into the Mother See. The demand for a free book has grown exponentially. A public library could meet this need. Such a library was in St. Petersburg. In Moscow, there was a university founded in 1755 with a good library serving professors and students. There were rich bookstores, fine private collections. But this did not solve the problem, and many saw the need to solve it.

In the 1850s. trustee of the Moscow educational district E.P. Kovalevsky decided to create a public museum based on the collections of Moscow University, and place the university library in a special building and make it more accessible. Professor of Moscow University K.K. Hertz was one of the first in his books, articles, at lectures to prove the necessity of founding an art museum in Moscow back in 1858. There were talks about the founding of an accessible museum and library in Moscow and in a Moscow literary circle, which included a professor of Moscow University T.N. Granovsky, A.I. Herzen, V.G. Belinsky, translator and publisher E.F. Korsh, who became the first librarian of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museum (hereinafter referred to as the Museums, the Rumyantsev Museum), a major industrialist, publisher, philanthropist K.T. Soldatenkov is one of the most generous donors to the Museums.

In 1859 N.V. became the trustee of the Moscow educational district. Isakov, about whom they wrote: “In the person of his district, and with him the Moscow intelligentsia, they met an“ actively sympathetic ”trustee of public education in the broad sense of the word. At a new place of service for him, N.V. found full satisfaction of his spiritual needs ”.

On May 23 (according to Art.), 1861, the Committee of Ministers adopted a resolution on the transfer of the Rumyantsev Museum to Moscow and on the creation of the Moscow Public Museum. In 1861, the acquisition and organization of funds began. The movement of the Rumyantsev collections from St. Petersburg to Moscow began.

We must pay tribute to the Moscow authorities - Governor-General P.A. Tuchkov and the trustee of the Moscow educational district N.V. Isakov. With the support of the Minister of Public Education E.P. Kovalevsky, they invited all Muscovites to take part in the formation of the newly created, as they said at the time, "Museum of Sciences and Arts". They turned for help from Moscow societies - Noble, Merchant, Meshchansky, publishing houses, and individual citizens. And Muscovites hastened to help, their long-awaited Library, their Museums. More than three hundred book and manuscript collections, individual priceless gifts have been added to the fund of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums.

On July 1 (June 19, O.S.), 1862, Emperor Alexander II approved (“authorized”) the “Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum”. The "Statute ..." became the first legal document that determined the management, structure, directions of activity, admission to the Library of Museums of a legal deposit, the staffing table of a public Museum with a public library being created for the first time in Moscow, which was part of this Museum.

The book collection of the Rumyantsev Museum became part of the book collection, and the manuscript collection became part of the manuscript fund of the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum, Museums that preserved the memory of the State Chancellor in their name, celebrated the days of his birth and death, and, most importantly, followed the behest of N.M. Rumyantsev - to serve the good of the Fatherland and good education.

A special role in the formation of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museum belonged to the St. Petersburg libraries, and above all to the Imperial Public Library, whose director Modest Andreevich Korf not only instructed Vladimir Fedorovich Odoevsky himself to draw up a note on the plight of the Rumyantsev Museum in St. Petersburg and the possibility of transferring it to Moscow, but also " wanted to show a new sign of his sincere sympathy and assistance to the further success of the Moscow Public Library, he petitioned for the circulation of books in it. " Many thousands of volumes of Russian, foreign, early printed books from the doublets of the Imperial Public Library in boxes with registers, catalog cards were sent to the newly created library in Moscow. The duplicates from the funds of the Imperial Hermitage transferred to the Imperial Public Library were also sent here. M.A. Korf wrote on June 28, 1861 to N.V. Isakov that "he considers it an honor to be a participant in the founding of a public library in Moscow." Following the Imperial Public and other libraries and organizations of St. Petersburg, they rendered assistance to the Library of Museums in its formation. The Russian Academy of Sciences, the St. Petersburg Theological Academy, the Department of the General Staff helped the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums and the Library in the early years of their formation.

The Rumyantsev Museum, established in 1828 and founded in 1831 in St. Petersburg, since 1845 was part of the Imperial Public Library. The museum was poor. The curator of the Rumyantsev Museum V.F. Odoevsky, having lost hope of receiving funds to maintain the museum, proposed to transport the Rumyantsev collections to Moscow, where they would be in demand and preserved. Odoevsky's note about the plight of the Rumyantsev Museum, addressed to the Minister of the State Court, was "accidentally" seen by N.V. Isakov and gave it a go.

In 1913, the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov was celebrated. The celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums was also timed to this time. It has already been said, in connection with donations to the Museums, about the role of the imperial family in the life of the Museums. From the very beginning, one of the Grand Dukes became the trustee of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums. Members of the imperial family were elected honorary members of the Museums.

They often visited Museums, leaving notes in the Book of Distinguished Guests. On January 12, 1895 (December 31, 1894, O.S.), the Museums first had a patron. It was Emperor Nicholas II.

Since 1913, the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museum, in accordance with the highest decision, began to be called the Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum. In connection with the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov, the State Duma, during the discussion of the anniversary events, considered that the All-Russian People's Museum would be the best monument to this event, the role of which was to be played by the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums.

This required the director of Golitsyn and the staff of the Museums to mobilize all organizational, intellectual and material efforts. And although the Rumyantsev Museum was never officially called the "All-Russian People's Museum", in fact, during the years of Golitsyn's directorship, the Museum became such. Prince Vasily Dmitrievich Golitsyn perfectly understood how significant the public face of this essentially popular and imperial Museum should be. Under him, Russian and foreign scientists, directors of leading libraries and museums were elected as honorary members of the Museums, along with prominent statesmen of Russia.

Since 1913, the Museum Library began to receive money for the acquisition of the fund for the first time.

By the early 1920s. The library of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums, the Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museums, since February 1917 - the State Rumyantsev Museum (RM) was already an established cultural and scientific center.

Vasily Dmitrievich Golitsyn continued to remain the director of the State Russian Museum until March 1921. From March 1921 to October 1924 the director of the State Rumyantsev Museum was the future famous writer who served in the Museums since 1910, the author of the books "Three Colors of Time", "Condemnation of Paganini", "Stendhal and His Time" and others, Anatoly Kornelievich Vinogradov.

Under Vinogradov, on January 24, 1924, by decision of the People's Commissariat of Education (a departmental, non-governmental decision), the State Russian Museum was named the Russian Public Library named after Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin), although officially (as evidenced by the documents) it continued to remain the State Rumyantsev Library until February 6, 1925 museum. A.K. Vinogradov resigned from the post of director due to illness, and his place was taken by a temporary Management Board headed by the head of the scientific department of General History, Professor Dmitry Nikolaevich Egorov (October 1924 - February 4, 1925). On May 5, 1925, the director of the State Russian Museum Library, which, on February 6, 1925, was transformed into the V.I. Lenin, a doctor, professor, party historian, statesman and party leader Vladimir Ivanovich Nevsky was appointed. After his arrest in 1935, a woman, Elena Fedorovna Rozmirovich, a participant in the revolutionary movement and state building, was appointed director for the first time in the history of the Library. In 1939 she was transferred to the post of director of the Literary Institute, and director of the V.I. Lenin became a statesman and party leader, candidate of historical sciences, former director of the State Public Historical Library Nikolai Nikiforovich Yakovlev.

A collegial advisory body under the director of the Museums, then the Libraries were until 1917 the Committee, the Council, after 1917 - the Academic Board, since March 14, 1921 - the Academic Council.

The return of the capital to Moscow in March 1918 changed the status of the State Russian Museum Library, which soon became the main library of the country.

All changes in the state directly affected the change in the nature of the Library's activities, the composition of its fund, the composition of readers, the volume and forms of service. A cultural revolution was taking place in the country, the goal of which was A.V. Lunacharsky defined it as the formation of a comprehensively developed harmonious personality. For this, according to its organizers, it was necessary to win over the "old" intelligentsia, use the "old" cultural heritage, create a new intelligentsia, shape a new worldview, ousting religious and bourgeois consciousness. The literacy of the population grew. If in 1897 literacy among people over the age of 9 was 24%, in 1926 - 51.1%, then, according to the data of the All-Union census of 1939, literacy reached 81.2%. The administrative system was forced to use talented people brought up before the revolution.

In the new socio-political conditions, the Library continued its traditionally high mission of a cultural institution - to collect and carefully preserve the fund, to make it optimally accessible to a new reader.

In 1918, an interlibrary loan and a bibliographic reference bureau were organized in the State Russian Museum Library.

In 1921 the Library becomes a state book depository. The library fulfilled its historical mission of collecting, preserving and providing users with book and manuscript collections, taking part in the implementation of the CEC Resolution of 1918 "On the Protection of Libraries and Book Deposits", incorporating abandoned, ownerless, nationalized book collections into its funds. Due to this, the Library's fund from 1 200 thousand units on January 1, 1917 grew to 4 million units, which were required not only to be placed in insufficient areas, but also to be processed, made available to readers.

From the very foundation of the Museums, the Library, following the Library of the Academy of Sciences and the Imperial Public Library, received the right to preserve what the censorship forbade other libraries to keep. Now, in the 1920s and 1930s, this function of the Library has taken on a new and extreme importance. In 1920 a secret department was created in the Library. Access to the funds of this department was limited. But today, when the restrictions have been lifted, we must pay tribute to several generations of employees of this department for keeping the books of those who left Russia after the revolution, books of great scientists, writers from the "philosophical ship" of 1922, members of numerous groups and associations cultural figures from the RAPP to the unions of the bourgeois intelligentsia, victims of the struggle against formalism in literature and art, thousands of repressed. In the context of radical changes in the class structure of Soviet society, ideological cleansing, repressions, the Library managed to preserve its special storage fund.

Taking advantage of the favorable conditions provided to it as the main library of the country (July 14, 1921 - Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars "On the Procedure for Acquiring and Distributing Foreign Literature", other decrees), the Library is doing a lot of work on the acquisition of foreign literature and, above all, foreign periodicals.

The creation of the USSR and the formation of a multinational Soviet culture predetermined one of the most important directions in the acquisition of the Library's fund - the collection of literature in all written languages of the peoples of the USSR. An Eastern department was created with a group (sector) of literature of the peoples of the USSR, processing of this literature was organized in a short time, an appropriate system of catalogs was created, processing of literature and catalogs were as close to the reader as possible.

Special mention should be made of the systematic catalog. Until 1919, the Rumyantsev Museum Library fund was reflected in only one alphabetical catalog. By this time, the volume of the fund had already exceeded one million units. The need to create a systematic catalog was discussed earlier, but due to the lack of opportunities, the question was postponed. In 1919, by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars, the State Rumyantsev Museum was allocated significant funds for its development, which made it possible to increase the staff, create scientific departments, attract leading scientists to work, start creating new Soviet tables of library and bibliographic classification, and building a systematic catalog on their basis. This is how a huge work began, which required more than one decade of labor not only for the staff of the Lenin Library and other libraries, but also for many scientific institutions, scientists in various fields of knowledge.

The receipt by the Library since 1922 of two obligatory copies of all printed publications on the territory of the state made it possible, among other things, to promptly provide thousands of readers not only with literature in the languages of the peoples of the USSR, but also its translations into Russian. All this, especially after 1938, when the compulsory teaching of the Russian language was introduced in all national schools, made multinational literature accessible to everyone. The Library's role in the dissemination of multinational literature is significant. The library not only filled up its funds, but also did a lot to preserve them. In the storage department, a hygiene and restoration group with a research laboratory was created.

In the 1920s-1930s. State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin is a leading scientific institution. First of all, it is the largest information base of science. There is no scientist in the country who would not turn to this source of wisdom. There is no Russianist in the world who would not work in Leninka. 1920-1930s - this is a time of great achievements in domestic science. Her successes are associated with the names of N.I. Vavilova, A.F. Ioffe, P.L. Kapitsa, I.P. Pavlova, K.A. Timiryazeva, A.P. Karpinsky, V.I. Vernadsky, N.E. Zhukovsky, I.V. Michurin. This is what was written in the Library's greeting to the USSR Academy of Sciences on July 27, 1925: "The All-Union Lenin Library is happy to bring its enthusiastic greetings to the All-Union Academy of Sciences. Your seed is our bins; the fattening of the field, the preparation of new harvests are common: laboratories, academic offices , special institutes, a library - are woven into a single creative, creative circle and not a single link in this mighty scientific-working chain can be considered superfluous. "

On May 3, 1932, by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the Library was included in the number of research institutions of republican significance.

During these years, the leading scientists of the country worked in the Library part-time or freelance, helping to create the first Soviet library and bibliographic classification, which in 1981 became the only library work awarded the State Prize in the field of science. Major scientists such as the physicist-geographer A.A. Borzov, astronomer S.V. Orlov, historians Yu.V. Gauthier, D.N. Egorov, L.V. Cherepnin, S.V. Bakhrushin, philologists V.F. Savodnik, S.K. Shambinago, N.I. Shaternikov, bibliologist N.P. Kiselev, literary critic I.L. Andronnikov and many others worked for the most part in academic institutions, at Moscow University. At the same time, they made a great contribution to the development of the Library as a scientific institution, helped in the creation of the Systematic Catalog, in reference and information work, in the preparation of scientific publications. But the contribution of the Library to science in the 1920s and 1930s. it was not limited to this.

The library stands at the head of one of the important branches of science - library science. Since 1922, the Library has been a Cabinet, and since 1924 the Institute of Library Science, headed by an outstanding figure in librarianship, Lyubov Borisovna Khavkina. In 1923, the first four volumes of the "Proceedings" of the Library were published: "The Diaries of AS Pushkin (1833-1835)", "K.P. Pobedonostsev and His Correspondents" (2 vols.), Stein V.A. "Library Statistics: An Experiences in Statistics Guidance for General Education Libraries." Scientific collections are published. Since 1938 "Notes of the Department of Manuscripts" have been published. The library takes part in the 1st All-Union Congress of Librarians (1924), the 1st Conference of Scientific Libraries (1924), the 2nd All-Union Bibliographic Congress (1926). In 1931, the Association of Scientific Libraries was created, and until his arrest in 1935, it was headed by V.I. Nevsky. He was also the editor-in-chief of the journal "Library Science and Bibliography". In 1934, Nevsky wrote: “Now over 400 research institutions are with us in the closest scientific connection. We not only give them books, but they turn to us for inquiries, for clarifications of all kinds of questions ... as near the center, the Association of Scientific Libraries of Moscow ... The closest ties with the Lenin Library are such a powerful scientific and bibliographic organization as the All-Union Association of Agricultural Bibliography, organizations such as the Book Chamber, the Index of Scientific Literature. . Nevsky published "Yearbooks of the Commission of Indices")

One of the tasks of the V.I. Nevsky saw in the disclosure of her funds. "... No matter how meager our funds are, no matter how little they are at our disposal, we set ourselves the task of publishing our works, publishing the treasures that are in the manuscript department, taking a new path, publishing works that meet the immediate needs of the young scientific community ..." ...

Library Director V.I. Nevsky begins construction of a new building for the Library, rebuilds the entire work of the Library, helps to publish the Trinity List of Russkaya Pravda from the Department of Manuscripts, actively participates in the activities of the ACADEMIA publishing house (several volumes of the series Russian Memoirs, Diaries, Letters and Materials "on the history of literature, social thought are built on the materials of the Library's fund and are distinguished by a high scientific level, the culture of the publication). IN AND. Nevsky and D.N. Egorov belonged to "the general idea and general management of the implementation" of the collection "Death of Tolstoy". Nevsky wrote an introductory article to this collection. D.N. Egorov was repressed and died in exile. IN AND. Nevsky was repressed in 1935, shot in 1937. The director of the State Rumyantsev Museum V.D. Golitsyn (1921), historians, staff members of the Library Yu.V. Gauthier, S.V. Bakhrushin, D.N. Egorov, I.I. Ivanov-Polosin in 1929-1930 were arrested in the Academic case. Dozens of Library employees were repressed in the 1920s and 1930s. We are now trying to restore their names.

Much has been done by the Library, the Cabinet (Institute) of Library Science, which was a part of it, and for the training of library personnel. Two-year, nine-month, six-month courses, postgraduate studies (since 1930), the creation in the Library in 1930 of the first library institution, which in 1934 separated from the Lenin Library and became independent.

When they talk about culture, they also mean the moral climate in the country, in a single collective. In the Library, next to the graduates of the Sorbonne and Cambridge, very young people worked, promoted, who received education and a profession without interrupting work. Nevsky dreamed of raising a new Soviet intelligentsia in the Library, and did a lot for this. It is impossible to take the Library out of the context of the country's history. And here there was also nervous tension, suspicion, denunciations, fear, the need for constant self-control. There were purges, arrests, and persecutions. But there was also something else. They loved their work, their Library, were proud of their multinational homeland, were real patriots, and they proved it in 1941.

In the 1920s-1930s. The library, being an integral part of national and world culture, has made a significant contribution to science and culture. She did a lot to improve the level of culture and education of citizens, to meet the information needs of culture, science, literature, to preserve and replenish her fund, which by the beginning of 1941 totaled 9.6 million (like the US Library of Congress at that time). She has preserved for us (and many future generations) books that could have perished after their authors. 6 reading rooms of the Lenin Library served thousands of readers every day. At the beginning of 1941, 1,200 employees were responsible for all areas of the Library's activities.

The richest multinational fund of the main library of the country, the constantly improving system of services, reference and bibliographic services allowed the Library to take its rightful place in the system of cultural institutions of the country, in the preservation of cultural values, in influencing public consciousness. The close relationship with other cultural institutions was determined by the fact that from the very foundation of the first Moscow public library, she saw one of the most important tasks in the active dissemination of culture: exhibitions, excursions, and helping readers in their work. Historical conditions 1920-1930s suggested new forms of this work. Houses and Palaces of Culture are being created in the country, and Parks of Culture are being opened. The Lenin Library opens its branches in the M. Gorky Central Park of Culture and Rest (1936). Later, similar branches were created in Sokolniki Park, in the House of Culture for the Children of Railway Workers. Since 1926, as a branch, the House-Museum of A.P. Chekhov in Yalta.

The Library was closely connected with theaters. Here is what was written in the greeting from the Lenin Library on the 30th anniversary of the Moscow Art Academic Theater in October 1928: “New productions of the Art Theater have always been the result of persistent and creative research work. Study of book sources, art collections, preliminary abstracts, often printed articles explaining the play in terms of direction - they defined the Theater precisely as a scientist-researcher The doors of the V.I.Lenin Public Library of the USSR were hospitably opened for people of science, and she more than once saw groups of the Theater workers for whose many-sided occupations separate halls were allocated. Now the Library bears its congratulations to the hero of the day in the firm confidence that in the future it will also communicate with the employees of the Theater on the basis of joint work. "

The Lenin Library was especially closely connected with literature, with writers. In the Library in the 1920s-1930s. the Central Literary Museum was created, in 1925 it included the Museum of A.P. Chekhov in Moscow, F.M. Dostoevsky Museum, F.I. Tyutchev "Muranovo", M. Gorky Museum, L.N. Tolstoy, the Book Museum is being created. It organizes exhibitions dedicated to writers (I.S.Turgenev, A.I. Herzen, N.A.Nekrasov, A.S. Pushkin, M. Gorky, V.V. Mayakovsky, Dante, etc.). The library takes an active part in the publication of complete scientifically prepared collected works of L.N. Tolstoy, A.S. Pushkin, N.A. Nekrasov, whose archives were kept in the Lenin Library.

Even earlier, V.V. Mayakovsky, M. Gorky and many other writers. In the House of Writers in Moscow, on the Memorial plaque, there are 70 names of writers who died in the Finnish and Great Patriotic War. Repression killed 100 Moscow writers. And in the country - about 1000. Their works are preserved by the Lenin Library. On October 8, 1928, Vechernyaya Krasnaya Gazeta wrote: “The RKI [Workers 'and Peasants' Inspection] conducted an examination of the Lenin Public Library (formerly Rumyantsevskaya) and found that the library had become a refuge for a group of counterrevolutionary intelligentsia, who in every possible way prevented the organization of work. there were 62 former noblemen, 20 hereditary honorary citizens, all of whom had nothing to do with librarianship until 1918. RFL requires 22 people to be dismissed from work, including A.K. Vinogradov (former director of the library), librarian assistants E.V. [Yu.V.] Gauthier and D.S. [V.S.] Glinka, storage manager K. N. Ivanov et al. " They were filmed, repressed, but what they had done was preserved.

All this huge work was carried out within the walls of the Pashkov House. True, by the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of December 12, 1921, a house at Mokhovaya, 6 was assigned to the State Rumyantsev Museum. Built in 1821 according to a standard design for the development of the center of Moscow after the fire of 1812. In 1868, the architect Kaminsky rebuilt the building, connecting both wings with the main house. The house belonged to the princes Shakhovsky. At the beginning of the XX century. the estate was sold to the merchant Krasil'shchikov, and after 1917 it was nationalized. It housed various organizations, as well as the collection of the State Russian Museum Impressionists (before its separation from the Library). In 1921 the house was completely transferred to the State Russian Museum. Now, in different years, the organizations and services of the Rumyantsev Museum and the Lenin Library were located here: the Museum of Ethnography, the Institute of Library Science, the Literary Museum, bookbinding workshops, living quarters, mostly inhabited by employees of the Lenin Library. In 1934, the Institute of Library Science (it became part of the Moscow State Institute of Biology) and the Literary Museum separated from the Library. The building ceased to belong to the Library. Until the Center for Oriental Literature of the RSL was located here.

Speaking about the Library and the culture of the 1920s-1930s, one should especially emphasize the donor, "mother" role of the Lenin Library. In 1921, on the initiative of the staff of the State Russian Museum, the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR decided to separate the museum collections from the Library itself and the department of manuscripts. The dissolution of the Rumyantsev Museum began, which lasted until 1927. Hundreds and thousands of museum items, priceless paintings, engravings, sculptures, ethnographic, archaeological materials replenished the Museum of Fine Arts, the Tretyakov Gallery, the Historical Museum. The main reason for the department was the lack of space for storing books and manuscripts, for serving readers. Became an independent Literary Museum. The Museums of F.M. Dostoevsky, A.P. Chekhov, F.I. Tyutchev, M. Gorky, later - the House-Museum of A.P. Chekhov (Yalta). "Left" from the Library in accordance with the decisions of the government with love transferred at one time to the Moscow public Rumyantsev Museum and carefully preserved by the Museums, the State Library of the USSR. IN AND. Lenin until 1937-1939, the manuscripts of A.S. Pushkin and L.N. Tolstoy. They became an adornment of the "Pushkin House" (St. Petersburg) and the Museum of L.N. Tolstoy (Moscow).

Each page of the history of the Russian State Library has its own characteristics, but they are all linked by a common thing for them: service to the Fatherland, cultural enlightenment, dedication to a common cause, continuity of good deeds and traditions, support from society, and above all from Moscow, the need and hardships that accompanied the Library with early years. A special page is the Library during the Great Patriotic War.

Throughout the history of the Library, the main thing for it has been the acquisition, storage of the fund and the service of readers. And during these difficult years, the Library continued to replenish its funds, ensured receipt of a legal deposit, given to the Library of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums. In the first two war years, 58% (1057 book titles) were acquired and over 20% of periodicals that were not received from the Book Chamber as a legal deposit. The management of the Library managed to get newspapers, magazines, brochures, posters, leaflets, slogans and other publications published by the Military Publishing House, political administrations of fronts and armies to be handed over to it.

In 1942 the Library had book exchange relations with 16 countries, with 189 organizations. The exchange was most intensive with England and the United States. The second front will not open soon, in 1944, and here, for an incomplete first war year (July 1941 - March 1942), the Library sends 546 letters with an offer of exchange to different countries, primarily in English, and from a number of countries there was agreement received. During the war years, more precisely from 1944, the issue of transferring candidate and doctoral dissertations to the Library was resolved. The fund was actively recruited through the purchase of antique domestic and world literature.

The issue of preserving the fund acquired particular importance during the war years, as the Nazis approached Moscow, and enemy air raids. On June 27, 1941, a resolution of the party and government "On the procedure for the export and deployment of human contingents and valuable property" was adopted. Immediately began preparations for the evacuation of its most valuable funds and our Library. Director of the Library N.N. Yakovlev was appointed an authorized representative of the People's Commissariat of Education for the evacuation of library and museum valuables from Moscow. About 700 thousand units were evacuated from Leninka (rare and especially valuable publications, manuscripts). On the long journey - first to Nizhny Novgorod, then to Perm (then the city of Molotov), selected, packed books and manuscripts were accompanied by a group of GBL employees. All valuables were preserved, in 1944 they were re-evacuated and placed on the shelves of the Library's repositories.

Here, in the Lenin Library, both the front and the rear apply for help, information necessary to solve the task common for the whole country - to win. 7% more certificates were issued during the war years than during the same period in the pre-war years.

The builders also saved our fund, that by the beginning of the war they managed to build an 18-tier book depository of iron and concrete for 20 million storage units, and, of course, the Library staff, who carried (did not manage to implement the planned mechanization) the entire fund and all catalogs from fire hazardous Pashkov house in a new storage. And, of course, our girls from the MPVO team, who were on duty on the roof of the old building. According to incomplete data, they extinguished more than 200 incendiary bombs. An anti-aircraft gun stood on the roof of the new building of the main book depository. And our Red Army, our militias, in whose ranks 175 employees of the Library fought, who left its walls for battle, crushed the Germans near Moscow, didn't they help save our fund? And the fact that the staff of the Library participated in the construction of defensive lines near Moscow, helped to restore the health of our soldiers in hospitals - was this done, among other things, not to preserve the invaluable wealth entrusted to the Library by the country?

Restoration work has been carried out in the Library since its time in the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums. Then, for these purposes, a group was formed in the storage department. In the interests of better preservation of the fund, the organization of preventive measures on the basis of this group, in February 1944, a department of hygiene and restoration with a research laboratory was created in the Library.

The information apparatus was saved - catalogs and filing cabinets. This is primarily the General Alphabetical Catalog (4000 catalog boxes) and the General Systematic Catalog (3600 boxes). In May 1942, for a more complete accounting and bringing into a proper system of the most important bibliographic resources - catalogs and card files, the Library began their certification, completing it even before the end of the war. Work was underway to create a Consolidated Catalog of Foreign Publications of Moscow Libraries.

The Lenin Library took an active part in the work of the State Fund, created in 1943 (it was located on the territory of the Library in the church building and in the old storehouse along Znamenka (then - Frunze St.) to restore destroyed libraries in the territories liberated from the Nazis. And the Library itself, and not through the State Fund, it provided assistance to libraries that suffered from the Nazis in the temporarily occupied regions. For example, about 10 thousand books were transferred to the Tver (then Kalinin) Regional Library. Readers also participated in the collection of books for these purposes at the request of the Library's management. Our staff worked as experts of the Extraordinary Commission for the establishment and investigation of the atrocities of the German fascist invaders and their accomplices and the damage they caused to citizens, collective farms, public organizations, state enterprises and institutions of the USSR.

For the sake of which the first public library of the Mother See capital was created in 1862 is a free, public service with a book. During the Great Patriotic War, the Library practically did not stop serving its readers for a single day. Both outwardly (the military uniform prevailed in the reading rooms) and in the nature of his requests, our reader has changed. The reading area of the new building complex has not yet been completed. There was only one reading room at the beginning of the war - the Main (General)

On May 24, 1942, the Children's Reading Room was inaugurated for the first time in this Library. Many writers and poets came to this celebration, some - straight from the front. The Nazis have just been driven away from the walls of Moscow, and the leadership of the country's main library is renovating its most beautiful room - Rumyantsevsky, where in the mahogany cabinets along the walls, in the openings between the windows from the very move from Petersburg to Moscow, there were book treasures of N.P. Rumyantsev, and, entering the hall, the young reader immediately met the eyes of the Chancellor himself in his portrait of the artist J. Doe. In 1943, the department of children's and youth literature was created. If before the war the Library had six reading rooms, at the beginning of the war - one, then by the end of the war there were ten rooms.

In the extreme conditions of wartime, the Library performed all its functions. When the Nazis approached Moscow, when many residents of the city were leaving the capital, there were 12 readers in the reading room of the Library on October 17, 1941.

They were served, books were picked up, and delivered from the new storage to the reading room in the Pashkov House. Incendiary bombs fell on the Library building. Air raids during the raids forced everyone, both readers and employees, to move to the bomb shelter. And it was necessary to think about the safety of books in these conditions. Instructions on the conduct of readers and employees during an air raid alert are developed and strictly followed. There was a special instruction for the Children's Reading Room.

In the interests of readers, travels are organized, an active service is provided for readers on the MBA, books are sent as a gift to the front, to the hospital library.

For outstanding services in collecting and storing book funds and serving the broad masses of the population with books (in connection with the 20th anniversary of the transformation of the Rumyantsev Museum Library into the V.I.Lenin State Library of the USSR) in the days when the war was still going on, March 29, 1945 The library was awarded the highest government award - the Order of Lenin (the only one of the libraries). At the same time, orders and medals were awarded to a large group of employees of the Library.

Among the awardees and the Director of the Library, on whose shoulders lay a huge responsibility for the Library, for each employee in these extreme conditions. This is Nikolai Nikiforovich Yakovlev, who headed the GBL in 1939-1943. and Vasily Grigorievich Olishev, historian, journalist, candidate of historical sciences, who since January 1941 was the head of the military literature department, in 1941-1943. was at the front and after being seriously wounded returned to his Library. He headed it in 1943-1953.

2600 employees worked at different times during the war in the Library. This allowed us to identify the documents of the Library Archive.

In January 1941, the Library had over a thousand employees. In July 1941, at the very beginning of the war, there were already five times less of them - people went to the front, to defense enterprises, to a collective farm, evacuated with their children. Two hundred employees of the first, difficult months of the war.

In connection with the increase in the volume of work in the Library itself, the directorate repeatedly during the war years raised the issue of increasing the staff, raising the salaries of employees to the higher organizations. Despite the hardships of war, the country found an opportunity to satisfy these requests. By the end of the war, the number of the Library staff exceeded 800 people.

Someone came here long before the start of the war and left the Library many years after the Victory. Someone worked for less than a month, but these were days of the most intense work in conditions of bombing, alarming reports from the front, night shifts in hospitals, and you never know what else.

If they did not go on duty on the roof themselves - to extinguish lighters, then they went to the hospital, to build defensive barriers around Moscow; if others went there, the rest worked for two, three at their workplaces. Next to 14-15-year-old girls worked people whose birth year left in the 60s-90s. XIX century.

The library was itself a fighter in this war. I fought with every book I wrote. In my heart, the most peaceful people - librarians - carried her to the front. And those who remained in Moscow put out lighters. Wearing white coats, they fought for the lives of the wounded in a sponsored hospital. Taking shovels in hand, they went to build defensive barriers on the outskirts of Moscow. Women, girls, who had never held a saw and an ax in their hands, worked for months in the woods. Upon mobilization, they were recalled to military production, to a collective farm, to the mines of the Moscow Region coal basin, to build a subway, to work for the police ... The library fought. And the Library staff donated money to the defense fund, for the construction of the Moscow air squadron, the Lenin Library aircraft. The gratitude of the Supreme Commander for this is kept in the Archives of the Library.

In 1944, the Book of Honor and the Board of Honor were established, where photographs of the best of the best were recorded for many years.

The strict discipline of wartime did not allow even one minute late for work. And those who worked alongside could not let their comrades down. More than in peacetime, then mutual assistance, mutual assistance meant. That is why not a single name of those who worked in the Library at that time should be forgotten.

We have published a book of memoirs of those who worked in the Library during the war, "The Voice of the Past: The State Lenin Library of the USSR named after VI Lenin during the Great Patriotic War" (Moscow, 1991). This was the first time. The voice of a living person sounded, bringing us closer to those days. The book evoked a response from the scientific community. But the main thing is that she found her reader among today's librarians. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Victory, the "Book of Memory of the Russian State Library" (Moscow, 1995) was published, which contains all the information available to us today about those who worked in the Library during the war years.

New documents, new eyewitness accounts have been introduced into scientific circulation today. Man is rightfully included in the history of the Library. The result of the research work - 175 employees were identified who left the Library for the front, of which 44 died or disappeared. The names of all these 175 employees are on the Memorial plaque installed in the Library in the year of the 50th anniversary of the Victory. Articles are published about those who worked in the Library during the war years. One of the articles is titled “The Human Face of Victory.” This is essential.

The work on the history of the Library during the war years continues. As we remember the civil feat in the name of the Fatherland and culture of Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantsev, the feat of the heroes of 1812, so we must not forget the feat of librarians during the Great Patriotic War.

The most important areas of activity of the RSL in the post-war years were: development of a new building, technical equipment (conveyor, electric train, belt conveyor, etc.), organization of new forms of document storage and service (microfilming, photocopying), functional activities: acquisition, processing, organization and storage of funds, the formation of a reference - search apparatus, user service. Scientific - methodical and scientific work is getting a certain development.

The construction and development of the new building took a long time. The Library's management is taking a number of steps to intensify this process.
1950 - March 28, Director of GBL V.G. Olishev sent a letter to the Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR K.E. Voroshilov with a request to help accelerate the construction of new buildings for the GBL (archive of the RSL, op. 220, d. 2, sheets 14-17).
1950 - October 9, the director sent a letter to NS Khrushchev, Secretary of the Central Committee and MK of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, in which he asked for help in activating the completion of the construction of new buildings for the GBL.
1951 - March 28, V.G. Olishev appealed to the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR I.V. Stalin with a written request for help in completing the protracted construction of new buildings for the GBL (archive of the RSL, op. 221, d. 2, sheet 16) ...
1951 - On April 26, JV Stalin signed a decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On the completion of the construction of the State Library of the USSR named after Lenin, in which the deadline for the completion of construction work indicated 1953 (archive of the RSL, op. 221, d.2, sheets 27-30).
1952 - On March 15, the director of the GBL V.G. Olishev sent a letter to the secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) G.M. Malenkov with a request to influence construction organizations in order to oblige them to fulfill the decree of the USSR Council of Ministers of 04/26/1951 (archive of the RSL, op. 222, d.1, l.5)
1954 - Building "G" of the GBL was mastered, 1957 - Building "A".
1958-1960 - Building B was mastered.

During these years, a number of status changes took place.
1952 - December 30 The Committee for Cultural and Educational Institutions under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR approved the new “Charter of the State Order of V. I. Lenin of the USSR Library named after VI Lenin "(State Archive of the Russian Federation, f.F-534, op.1, d.215, l. 35-40).
1953 - in April, in connection with the formation of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR and the dissolution of the Committee for Cultural and Educational Institutions under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, the GBL was transferred from the jurisdiction of the Committee for Cultural and Educational Institutions under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR to the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR.

Significant undertakings during this period were associated with the preparation of a consolidated catalog, the development of a Soviet classification, which had not only scientific, technological, but also ideological significance, and the rules for bibliographic description.
1946 - the question of creating a consolidated catalog of Russian books was raised. In 1947, the “Regulations on the consolidated catalog of the Russian books of the largest libraries of the USSR” and the “Work plan for compiling this catalog” were approved; work began on the preparation of the base for the consolidated catalog of the Russian books of the 19th century. In 1955, a consolidated catalog of the Russian book 1708 - January -1825 was published. In 1962-1967 a consolidated catalog of Russian books of the civil press of the ХУ111 century was published. in 5 volumes.
1952 - Unified rules for describing musical editions were published.
1955 - the cartography sector began to issue and distribute a printed card for maps and atlases arriving at the Library on a legal deposit.
1959 - by order of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR, an editorial board was formed to publish the LBC tables. During 1960 -1968. 25 issues (in 30 books) of the first edition of the LBC tables for scientific libraries were published. In 1965, the Board of the USSR Ministry of Culture adopted a resolution on the introduction of the first edition of the LBC into the practice of libraries, and in 1956 the First All-Union Seminar on the Study of the LBC was held in Moscow. The Library began to systematize new acquisitions according to the LBC and organized the second row of the catalog.

The post-war years were characterized by the growth of funds, their wide availability, which was reflected in the duration of the reading rooms, the possibility of using the Library for readers of different ages and social status. A system of reading rooms was formed in the new premises. The library has stepped up its mass educational work. Technical means, new for that time, are being introduced into the service of users. During these years, a basis for microfilming documents was prepared, and an experimental microfilming was carried out.
1947 - a 50-meter vertical conveyor for the transport of books was put into operation, an electric train and a belt conveyor were launched to deliver requirements from the reading rooms to the book depository.
1946 - On April 18, the first reading conference in the history of the Library took place in the conference hall (Izvestia. 1946, April 19, p. 1)
1947 - work began on serving readers with photocopies.
1947 - a small office was organized for reading microfilms, equipped with two Soviet and one American apparatus.
1955 - renewal of the international subscription in GBL
1957 - 1958 - opening of reading rooms №1,2,3,4 in new premises.
1959-1960 - a system of branch reading rooms was formed, auxiliary funds of scientific rooms were transferred to an open access system. In the mid-1960s. the Library had 22 reading rooms with 2330 seats.

Of great importance for the development of the Library as a scientific center in the field of library science and bibliography were its periodicals and continuing editions.
1952 - the bulletin “Scientific libraries of the USSR. Work experience ", transformed into the collection" Libraries of the USSR. Work experience ", since 1953 -" Soviet library science ".
1957 - the publication of “Proceedings of the State Library of the USSR im. VI Lenin ".
During this period, the directors of the Library were: until 1953 - V.G. Olishev, 1953-1959. - P.M. Bogachev.

During this period, the status of the Library as a national book depository was strengthened. The GBL is entrusted with the function of the nationwide coordination center for interlibrary loan (Regulation on Interlibrary Loan. 1969). The library has become a center for international library cooperation.
1964 - The library was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Culture of the USSR (previously it was republican subordination).
1973 - On February 6, according to the order of the Minister of Culture of the USSR No. 72, the new charter of the GBL was approved.
1973 - GBL was awarded the highest award of Bulgaria - the Order of Georgiy Dimitrov.
1975 (February) - celebration of the 50th anniversary of the transformation of the Rumyantsev Public Library into the State Library of the USSR. V.I. Lenin.
1991 - The Library is one of the main organizers of the 57th IFLA session in Moscow.

In connection with the creation in the late 1950s - 1960s. the national system of scientific and technical information (STI), differentiation and coordination of the activities of libraries, “the place of GBL in the STI system was determined by two factors: the need for universal bibliographic information, due to the integrative nature of the development of modern knowledge, the need to create scientific and technical information within the framework of the national system sectoral subsystem for culture and art "(State Library of the USSR named after VI Lenin in the system of libraries." M .: 1989, p. 8). GBL remained the largest universal scientific library and at the same time became an industry information center.
The sectoral subsystem of information on culture and art began to take shape organizationally with the creation of the Information Center on Culture and Art (Informkultura) in the GBL in 1972 (August 28), which began to form a fund of unpublished documents. In the mid-1980s. The Information Center has been transformed into a research department for the analysis and generalization of information on culture and art (NIO Informkultura), since 2001 (April) - the Research Center for Culture and Art (SIC INFORMKULTURA). During the period under review, Informkultura created a network of subsystems in the regional (territorial) and republican libraries of the USSR.
Due to the coordination of the GBL's activities with other libraries, it limits the flow of readers only to researchers and practitioners. The sphere of servicing party and government institutions has been expanded. At the same time, services for children and youth were stopped due to the organization of special libraries. The following events occurred in the service area.
1960s (beginning) - the opening of the reading room of the music and music department for 12 seats, in 1962 it was organized listening to sound recordings (3 reading seats with headphones), in 1969, after moving to the building "K", a reading room for 25 seats was allocated and a room for listening to sound recordings for 8 people, a room with a piano for playing music.
1969 - the “Regulations on a unified nationwide system of interlibrary loan in the USSR” was adopted, according to which the GBL was assigned the functions of a nationwide coordination center.
1970 - opening of the dissertation hall in October.
1970s - the leading direction of the information activity of the Library has become the service of the governing bodies of the state. In 1971-1972. in the reference and bibliographic department, an experimental implementation of the selective information dissemination system (SIR) was carried out. In 1972, an expert commission for the organization of priority services was formed at the GBL Directorate.
1974 - a new procedure for enrolling in reading rooms was established in the GBL, limiting the flow of readers to the status of a scientist, a specialist - a practice with a higher education.
1975 - the general reading room is closed
1975 - A point for receiving orders for copying was organized at GBL.
1975 - A reading room for 202 seats was opened in Khimki.
1978 - a permanent exhibition of the author's abstracts of doctoral dissertations was organized in the pre-defense period.
1979 - the department "Informculture" provided a new type of service - manuscript deposit.
Mid 1980s - commercial exhibitions appeared.
1983 - the permanent exhibition of the Museum of the Book was opened
"The history of books and book business of the X1 - early XX centuries."
1984 - The University of Library and Bibliographic Knowledge was established in the Library.
1987 - The Service Department conducts an experiment on temporary registration with no restrictions for all those wishing to visit the Library during the summer.
1987 - "Regulations on the bibliographic work of the USSR libraries" was adopted.
1990s - the number of requests for legal, economic and historical literature is growing.
1990 - paid services were introduced into practice.
1990 - the relationship was canceled - the applications from the place of work, presented when registering in the Library, the registration of students was expanded.

In connection with the solution of new tasks for the organization and storage of funds, including on new media, serving readers, scientific - methodological, research problems, the number of departments has increased almost one and a half times (music and music, technological departments, cartography, art publications , exhibition work, literature from the Russian diaspora, dissertation hall, research department of library and bibliographic classifications, Museum of the Library, etc.).
1969 - the storage department began (finished in 1973) work on the compilation of a perforated card index for the newspaper fund.
1975 - in order to preserve the music and music department, recording on a magnetic tape of a single copy of musical works in the library, received from Germany, Sweden, and the USA, began. We started processing a part of the reserve fund, which was received in the 1920s.
1976 - the recatalogization of the consolidated catalog of Russian books was completed, which lasted 30 years.
1980-1983 - published the LBC tables for regional libraries in four volumes with digital indexing.
1981 - LBC tables were awarded the State Prize and 8 GBL specialists were awarded the USSR State Prize in Science and Technology for the development and implementation of the LBC.
1983 - VNTIC began to transfer to GBL the second copies of microcopies of dissertations defended since 1969. In 1984 GBL held a scientific and practical conference of Moscow libraries working with the dissertation fund.
1984 - the All-Union meeting on the problems of systematization and systematic catalogs, organized by the GBL, took place.
1987 - the Interdepartmental Commission, headed by the USSR Glavlit, began its work to revise the publications and rearrange them into "open" funds.
1988 - CSB became the custodian of the only copy of the state bibliography publications in the languages of the peoples of the USSR in the Library, accepted information materials on microcarriers (microfiche) for storage and organized their use in the reading room.
1989 - the alphabetical and systematic catalogs of articles were liquidated and the subject catalog was preserved.
In the 1990s. work began on the study of the restorative fund.

During this period, significant technical and technological changes took place in the Library, it began to introduce electronic computers and other technical means.
1970s - in the department of cartography, the development of an automated information retrieval system for cartographic publications began; the development of a draft model of the bibliographic record format and a coding system for musical notations for computers began.
1972 - trial operation of the first subsystems of the AIBS GBL on the Minsk-22 computer began.
1974 - a cartridge pneumatic mail was organized.
1981 - Trial operation of the subsystem for issuing printed publications on a computer with the help of a phototypesetter was carried out, on this basis the annual release of a consolidated catalog of new foreign maps and atlases, received by the libraries of the USSR, begins.
1986 - registration files are transferred to microfiche and stored in the service department.
1986 - SBO experimentally implemented an automated bibliographic search system into practice.
1989 - The library signed an agreement with NPK Modem for the purpose of organizing tele-access to the databases of VINITI, GPNTB, INION via a dial-up communication channel using a Robotron PC.
1990s - The library together with the firms "Adamant", "ProSoft - M" develops projects for scanning catalogs and publications. New arrivals are processed on the basis of the MEKA system.
1990 - the service of readers began in an automated mode using the Science Citation Index (SCI) bibliographic database based on optical CDs. During this period, the directors were: I.P. Kondakov (1959 - 1969), O.S. Chubaryan (1969-1972), N.M. Sikorsky (1972-1979), N.S. Kartashov (1979-1990), A.P. Volik (1990-1992).

In the 1990s. In connection with the socio - economic and political changes in the country, the Library is undergoing significant qualitative changes both in the status and organizational plan, as well as in the technical and technological one. It became the Russian State Library, lost the functions associated with the coordination of the activities of the libraries of the Union republics (in this regard, for example, in 1995, the archiving of publications of the CIS countries was stopped). Its ties began to be strengthened and coordination of activities with the National Library of Russia developed. In the first half of the 1990s. The library is experiencing financial difficulties that hinder its development. However, in the second half of the 1990s. The library is embarking on the path of informatization. In accordance with new information needs, a department of official publications, a center for literature in the languages of the East, etc. are being created. International relations are expanding.
1992 - Based on the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Federation of 2 Aug. № 740 State Library of the USSR. VI Lenin was transformed into the Russian State Library.
1993 - the department of art publications became one of the founders of the Moscow Association of Art Libraries (MABIS).
1995 - The Library starts the project "Cultural Heritage of Russia" ("Memory of Russia").
1996 - the "Strategy for the modernization of the Russian State Library" was approved.
2000 (13 Sept.) - The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation approved the "National Program for the Preservation of Library Collections of the Russian Federation"
2001 (March 3) - the new Charter of the RSL was approved. The introduction of new carriers of information, information technologies changes technological processes.

1993 - the old part of the General Systematic Catalog was transferred to microcarriers.
1993 - a database is being created on the basis of a Russian poster.
1994 - 1995 - RSL ceases to collect domestic patents on paper, by agreement with VPTB, it receives a mandatory electronic version of this type of documents and provides users with SD-ROM - the version of patents.
1990s (second half) - the SD-ROM fund is being created at the CSB.
1996 - an electronic catalog of dissertations is created
1998 - the beginning of the formation of the electronic catalog of current receipts of the RSL
1999 - A new microform backup fund was opened in Nagatino.
1999 - the equipment of the "Pioneer" company was purchased for the musical department for rewriting musical recordings in order to ensure the safety of the phonofond.
2000 - the main stage of the TACIS pilot project was completed, the results of which were an electronic catalog operating in an industrial mode.
2000 (July) - the main book depository is closed for reconstruction, including the transition to new technologies.
2000-2001 - Firm "Prosoft-M" has created graphic images of the consolidated catalog in electronic form. More than 500 thousand bibliographic records in MARC format have been translated onto CD-ROM.

In the field of serving readers, changes are associated not only with information technology, but also with the expansion of the number of users.
1993 - After a 20-year hiatus, the reading rooms of the Library are again available to all citizens from the age of 18.
1993 - two reading rooms were merged - for readers in the field of natural and technical sciences.
1993 - the reading room for 48 seats, called the general one, was opened. In 1994, the number of seats in this hall became 208.
1994 - Informkultura provides users with databases on CD-ROMs.
1999 - the electronic catalog hall was organized.
2000 - new re-registration of readers.
2000 - the service department switches to a universal system of reading rooms, the branch subsidiary funds are united into a single Central subsidiary fund.
2000 (June) - the issue of books from the main store was stopped due to its reconstruction.
During this period, the directors were: I.S. Filippov (1992-1996), T.V. Ershova (1996), V.K. Egorov (1996-1998), since 1998 - V. V. Fedorov.
Performers: M.Ya.Dvorkina, A.L. Divnogortsev, E.A. Popova (sector of the history of librarianship of the NIO of Library Science of the RSL).

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