Composition of the OGE: “What is heroism? According to A. Pristavkin. The manifestation of the heroism of Soviet people during the war Works about the war courage and heroism

The school year has come to an end. It's time for exams for the 11th grade students. As you know, in order to get a school certificate, you need to pass two main exams: in mathematics and the Russian language. But also a few more items to choose from.

The nuances of the essay in the Russian language on the exam

To get the maximum points for the delivery, you need to correctly write an essay, that is, the third part. Part C contains many essay topics. The exam organizers offer written papers on friendship, love, childhood, motherhood, science, duty, honor, and so on. One of the most challenging topics is the issue of courage and resilience. You will find the arguments to it in our article. But that is not all. Your attention is also offered a plan according to which it is necessary to write an essay for the exam in the Russian language in grade 11.

Many authors have written about the war. Only, unfortunately, these works, like many others, do not linger in the memory of children. We invite you to recall the most striking works in which you can find examples of courage and heroism.

The plan of the final essay for the exam in the Russian language

Testing teachers give a large number of points for an essay that has the correct composition. If you use our courage writing plan, teachers will appreciate your work. But don't forget about literacy.

Remember that an essay on the Russian language on the unified state exam differs significantly from written work on social studies, history and literature. It should be compositionally correct.

And we are moving on to a plan for a future essay on the problem of courage and perseverance. The arguments will be given below.

1. Introduction. Why do you think it is needed? The point is that the graduate needs to bring the examiner to the main problem, which is considered in the text. Typically, this is a small paragraph of 3-5 sentences on the topic.

2. Statement of the problem. In this part, the graduate writes that he has identified the problem. Attention! When you indicate it, then think carefully and find the arguments in the text (there are about 3 of them in the fragment).

3. Commentary of a graduate. At this point, the student explains to the reader the problem of the read text, and also characterizes it. The volume of this item is no more than 7 sentences.

5. Own point of view. At this point, the student must write - whether he agrees with the author of the text or not. In any case, your answer needs to be substantiated, in our case on the issue of courage and resilience. The arguments are given in the next paragraph.

6. Evidence from works of art or arguments from life. Most teachers insist that graduates give 2-3 arguments from works of fiction.

7. Conclusion. As a rule, it consists of 3 sentences. At this point, the task of the graduate is to draw a conclusion to everything said above, that is, to summarize. The conclusion will sound more effective if you end the essay with a rhetorical question.

Many examinees note that the argumentation point is the most difficult for them. Therefore, we have selected examples of courage for you in the literature.

Mikhail Sholokhov. The story "The fate of a man"

You can show stamina in captivity. Soviet soldier Andrei Sokolov is captured. He then ends up in a death camp. One evening, the camp commandant summons him and invites him to raise a glass of vodka for the victory of the Nazi weapon. Sokolov refuses to do this. Among them was a drunken Müller. He offers the prisoner to drink to his own destruction.

Andrei agreed, took a glass and drank it right there, without having a bite to eat. Exhaling heavily, he said: "List me." The company of drunken German officers appreciated the courage and resilience. Argument # 1 for your essay is ready. It should be noted that this story ended successfully for the captured soldier Sokolov.

Lev Tolstoy. Epic novel "War and Peace"

It was considered not only in the literature of the second half of the twentieth century, but also a century earlier. When we read this novel in literature lessons, we involuntarily became witnesses of the courage and resilience of the Russian people. Leo Tolstoy wrote that during the battle the command did not tell the soldiers what to do. Everything went by itself. The wounded soldiers were taken to the medical aid stations, the bodies of the dead were taken to the front line, and the ranks of the fighters closed up again.

We see that people did not want to say goodbye to life. But they overcame fear, kept fighting spirit under the flying bullets. It was in this that courage and resilience were manifested. Argument # 2 is ready.

Boris Vasiliev. The story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"

We continue to consider This time the lesson of courage will be demonstrated to the readers by a brave girl during the Great Patriotic War. In this story, Boris Vasiliev writes about a detachment of girls who died, but still managed to win, because they did not allow a single enemy warrior to return to their native land. This victory took place because they selflessly and sincerely loved their homeland.

Komelkova Evgeniya is the heroine of the story. A young, strong and courageous girl from the fighters of the story. Comic and dramatic episodes are associated with her name. In her character, traits of benevolence and optimism, cheerfulness and confidence are manifested. But the most important feature is hatred of the enemy. It is she who attracts the attention of readers, arouses their admiration. Only Zhenya had the courage to summon enemy fire in order to ward off a mortal threat from the wounded Rita and Fedot. Not everyone can forget such a lesson in courage.

Boris Polevoy. "The Story of a Real Man"

We would like to bring to your attention another striking work telling about the Great Patriotic War, the heroism and firmness of character of the Soviet pilot Maresyev.

In general, in the arsenal of Boris Polevoy, there are many works where the author considers the problem of courage and resilience.

Arguments for the composition:

In this story, the author writes about the Soviet pilot Maresyev. It so happened that he survived the plane crash, but was left without legs. This did not stop him from returning to life. The man stood on the prostheses. Maresyev again returned to his life's work - to flying.

We have considered the problem of courage and resilience. We have given the arguments. Good luck on your exam!

Heroes of the Great Patriotic War

Gunner-machine gunner of the 2nd separate battalion of the 91st separate Siberian volunteer brigade named after Stalin.

Sasha Matrosov did not know his parents. He was brought up in an orphanage and a labor colony. When the war began, he was not even 20. Matrosov was drafted into the army in September 1942 and sent to an infantry school, and then to the front.

In February 1943, his battalion attacked a Nazi stronghold, but fell into a trap, falling under heavy fire, which cut off the path to the trenches. They were shooting from three bunkers. Two soon fell silent, but the third continued to shoot the Red Army soldiers who lay in the snow.

Seeing that the only chance to get out of the fire was to suppress the enemy's fire, Sailors with a fellow soldier crawled to the bunker and threw two grenades in his direction. The machine gun fell silent. The Red Army went on the attack, but the deadly weapon rattled again. Partner Alexander was killed, and Matrosov was left alone in front of the bunker. I had to do something.

He did not have even a few seconds to make a decision. Not wanting to let down his comrades, Alexander closed the embrasure of the bunker with his body. The attack was crowned with success. And Matrosov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Military pilot, commander of the 2nd squadron of the 207th long-range bomber aviation regiment, captain.

He worked as a mechanic, then in 1932 he was drafted into the Red Army. He ended up in an air regiment, where he became a pilot. Nikolai Gastello took part in three wars. A year before the Great Patriotic War, he received the rank of captain.

On June 26, 1941, the crew under the command of Captain Gastello took off to strike a German mechanized convoy. It was on the road between the Belarusian towns of Molodechno and Radoshkovichi. But the column was well guarded by enemy artillery. A fight ensued. Gastello's plane was hit by an anti-aircraft gun. The shell damaged the fuel tank, and the car caught fire. The pilot could have ejected, but he decided to fulfill his military duty to the end. Nikolai Gastello directed the burning car directly at the enemy column. This was the first fiery ram in the Great Patriotic War.

The name of the brave pilot has become a household name. Until the end of the war, all the aces who decided to go to the ram were called the Ghatellots. If you follow the official statistics, then during the entire war there were almost six hundred rams of the opponent.

Brigadier scout of the 67th detachment of the 4th Leningrad partisan brigade.

Lena was 15 years old when the war began. He had already worked at the plant, having completed his seven-year period. When the Nazis captured his native Novgorod region, Lenya joined the partisans.

He was brave and determined, the command appreciated him. For several years spent in a partisan detachment, he participated in 27 operations. On his account there are several destroyed bridges behind enemy lines, 78 destroyed Germans, 10 trains with ammunition.

It was he who, in the summer of 1942, near the village of Varnitsa, blew up a car in which there was a German Major General of the Engineering Troops Richard von Wirtz. Golikov managed to obtain important documents about the German offensive. The enemy's attack was thwarted, and the young hero was nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for this feat.

In the winter of 1943, a significantly superior enemy detachment unexpectedly attacked the partisans near the village of Ostraya Luka. Lenya Golikov died like a real hero - in battle.

Pioneer. A scout of the Voroshilov partisan detachment in the territory occupied by the Nazis.

Zina was born and went to school in Leningrad. However, the war found her on the territory of Belarus, where she came on vacation.

In 1942, 16-year-old Zina joined the underground organization Young Avengers. She distributed anti-fascist leaflets in the occupied territories. Then, undercover, she got a job in a canteen for German officers, where she committed several sabotage and only miraculously was not captured by the enemy. Many experienced military men were surprised at her courage.

In 1943, Zina Portnova joined the partisans and continued to engage in sabotage behind enemy lines. Due to the efforts of the defectors who surrendered Zina to the Nazis, she was captured. In the dungeons she was interrogated and tortured. But Zina was silent, not betraying her own. During one of these interrogations, she grabbed a pistol from the table and shot three Nazis. After that, she was shot in prison.

An underground anti-fascist organization operating in the area of ​​the modern Luhansk region. It numbered over a hundred people. The youngest participant was 14 years old.

This underground youth organization was formed immediately after the occupation of the Luhansk region. It included both professional soldiers who were cut off from the main units, and local youth. Among the most famous participants: Oleg Koshevoy, Ulyana Gromova, Lyubov Shevtsova, Vasily Levashov, Sergey Tyulenin and many other young people.

The "Young Guard" issued leaflets and committed sabotage against the Nazis. Once they managed to disable an entire tank repair shop, burn down the stock exchange, from where the Nazis drove people to forced labor in Germany. The members of the organization planned to stage an uprising, but were exposed due to the traitors. The Nazis caught, tortured and shot over seventy people. Their feat is immortalized in one of the most famous military books by Alexander Fadeev and the film adaptation of the same name.

28 people from the personnel of the 4th company of the 2nd battalion of the 1075th rifle regiment.

In November 1941, a counteroffensive against Moscow began. The enemy stopped at nothing, making a decisive march before the onset of a harsh winter.

At this time, the fighters under the command of Ivan Panfilov took up a position on the highway seven kilometers from Volokolamsk, a small town near Moscow. There they gave battle to the advancing tank units. The battle lasted four hours. During this time, they destroyed 18 armored vehicles, delaying the enemy's attack and thwarting his plans. All 28 people (or almost all, historians differ here) died.

According to legend, the company's political instructor Vasily Klochkov, before the decisive stage of the battle, addressed the soldiers with a phrase that became known throughout the country: "Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind!"

The fascist counteroffensive ultimately failed. The battle for Moscow, which was assigned the most important role in the course of the war, was lost by the invaders.

As a child, the future hero fell ill with rheumatism, and the doctors doubted that Maresyev would be able to fly. However, he stubbornly applied to the flight school, until he was finally enrolled. Maresyev was drafted into the army in 1937.

He met the Great Patriotic War at the flight school, but soon got to the front. During the sortie, his plane was shot down, and Maresyev himself was able to eject. For eighteen days, seriously wounded in both legs, he got out of the encirclement. However, he still managed to overcome the front line and ended up in the hospital. But gangrene had already begun, and doctors amputated both of his legs.

For many, this would mean the end of the service, but the pilot did not give up and returned to aviation. Until the end of the war, he flew with prostheses. Over the years, he made 86 sorties and shot down 11 enemy aircraft. And 7 - after amputation. In 1944, Alexey Maresyev went to work as an inspector and lived to be 84 years old.

His fate inspired the writer Boris Polevoy to write The Story of a Real Man.

Deputy squadron commander of the 177th Air Defense Fighter Aviation Regiment.

Viktor Talalikhin began to fight already in the Soviet-Finnish war. He shot down 4 enemy planes on a biplane. Then he served in an aviation school.

In August 1941, one of the first Soviet pilots rammed a German bomber in a night air battle. Moreover, the wounded pilot was able to get out of the cockpit and parachute down to the rear of his own.

Then Talalikhin shot down five more German planes. He died during another air battle near Podolsk in October 1941.

73 years later, in 2014, the search engines found Talalikhin's plane, which remained in the swamps near Moscow.

Artilleryman of the 3rd counter-battery artillery corps of the Leningrad Front.

Soldier Andrei Korzun was drafted into the army at the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War. He served on the Leningrad front, where fierce and bloody battles were fought.

On November 5, 1943, during another battle, his battery came under fierce enemy fire. Korzun was seriously injured. Despite the terrible pain, he saw that the powder charges were set on fire and the ammunition depot could fly into the air. Gathering his last strength, Andrei crawled to the blazing fire. But he could not take off his greatcoat to cover the fire. Losing consciousness, he made one last effort and covered the fire with his body. The explosion was avoided at the cost of the life of the brave artilleryman.

Commander of the 3rd Leningrad Partisan Brigade.

A native of Petrograd, Alexander German, according to some sources, was a native of Germany. He served in the army since 1933. When the war began, he became a scout. He worked behind enemy lines, commanded a partisan detachment, which terrified enemy soldiers. His brigade killed several thousand Nazi soldiers and officers, derailed hundreds of trains and blew up hundreds of vehicles.

The Nazis arranged a real hunt for Herman. In 1943, his partisan detachment was surrounded in the Pskov region. Making his way to his own, the brave commander was killed by an enemy bullet.

Commander of the 30th Separate Guards Tank Brigade of the Leningrad Front

Vladislav Khrustitsky was drafted into the ranks of the Red Army back in the 1920s. In the late 30s he graduated from the armored courses. Since the fall of 1942, he commanded the 61st separate light tank brigade.

He distinguished himself during Operation Iskra, which marked the beginning of the defeat of the Germans on the Leningrad front.

Killed in a battle near Volosovo. In 1944, the enemy retreated from Leningrad, but from time to time made attempts to counterattack. During one of these counterattacks, Khrustitsky's tank brigade fell into a trap.

Despite heavy fire, the commander ordered to continue the offensive. He addressed the radio to his crews with the words: "Fight to the death!" - and went forward first. Unfortunately, the brave tanker died in this battle. And yet the village of Volosovo was liberated from the enemy.

Commander of a partisan detachment and brigade.

Before the war he worked on the railroad. In October 1941, when the Germans were already near Moscow, he volunteered for a complex operation in which his railway experience was needed. Was thrown behind enemy lines. There he invented the so-called "coal mines" (in fact, these are just mines disguised as coal). With the help of this simple but effective weapon, hundreds of enemy trains were undermined in three months.

Zaslonov actively agitated the local population to go over to the side of the partisans. The Nazis, having learned this, changed their soldiers into Soviet uniforms. Zaslonov took them for defectors and ordered them to be admitted to the partisan detachment. The way was open for the insidious enemy. A battle ensued, during which Zaslonov died. A reward was announced for Zaslonov, alive or dead, but the peasants hid his body, and the Germans did not get it.

The commander of a small partisan detachment.

Efim Osipenko fought back in the Civil War. Therefore, when the enemy seized his land, without thinking twice, he joined the partisans. Together with five more comrades, he organized a small partisan detachment, which committed sabotage against the Nazis.

During one of the operations, it was decided to undermine the enemy composition. But there was not enough ammunition in the detachment. The bomb was made from an ordinary grenade. The explosives had to be installed by Osipenko himself. He crawled to the railway bridge and, seeing the approaching train, threw her in front of the train. There was no explosion. Then the partisan himself hit the grenade with a pole from the railway sign. It worked! A long train with provisions and tanks went downhill. The squad leader survived, but completely lost his sight.

For this feat, he was the first in the country to be awarded the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War."

The peasant Matvey Kuzmin was born three years before the abolition of serfdom. And he died, becoming the oldest holder of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Its history contains many references to the history of another famous peasant - Ivan Susanin. Matvey also had to lead the invaders through the forest and swamps. And, like the legendary hero, he decided to stop the enemy at the cost of his life. He sent his grandson ahead to warn a detachment of partisans that had stopped nearby. The Nazis were ambushed. A fight ensued. Matvey Kuzmin was killed by a German officer. But he did his job. He was 84 years old.

A partisan who was part of the sabotage and reconnaissance group of the headquarters of the Western Front.

While studying at school, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya wanted to enter a literary institute. But these plans were not destined to come true - the war prevented. In October 1941, Zoya, as a volunteer, came to the recruiting station and after a short training at a school for saboteurs was transferred to Volokolamsk. There, an 18-year-old fighter of a partisan unit, along with adult men, performed dangerous tasks: she mined roads and destroyed communication centers.

During one of the sabotage operations, Kosmodemyanskaya was captured by the Germans. She was tortured, forcing her to betray her. Zoya heroically endured all the trials without saying a word to her enemies. Seeing that it was impossible to get anything from the young partisan, they decided to hang her.

Kosmodemyanskaya steadfastly accepted the test. An instant before her death, she shouted to the assembled local residents: “Comrades, victory will be ours. German soldiers, before it's too late, surrender! " The girl's courage shocked the peasants so much that they later retold this story to front-line correspondents. And after the publication in the newspaper Pravda, the whole country learned about the feat of Kosmodemyanskaya. She became the first woman to be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War.

Introduction

1 Heroism of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War

2 The origins of the mass heroism of the Soviet people

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

The Soviet people were seriously alarmed by the war, by the sudden attack of Nazi Germany, but they were not spiritually suppressed and confused. He was confident that the insidious and powerful enemy would receive a proper rebuff. All the means and methods of spiritual influence, all branches and sections of spiritual culture and art immediately earned on the rise of the people for the Patriotic War, on the inspiration of their Armed Forces for selfless struggle. "Get up, the country is huge, stand up for mortal combat with a dark fascist force, with a cursed horde" - the song called everyone and everyone. The people felt themselves to be a full-fledged subject of the spiritual life of mankind, they took on the mission of fighting the fascist invasion not only as a defense of their historical existence, but also as a great saving universal human task.

The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 clearly showed that spiritual warfare significantly affects the entire course of the military struggle. If the spirit is broken, the will is broken, the war will be lost even with military-technical and economic superiority. Conversely, the war is not lost if the spirit of the people is not broken, even with great initial successes of the enemy. And this was convincingly proved by the Patriotic War. Each battle, each operation of this war represents a most complex forceful and spiritual action at the same time.

The war lasted 1418 days. All of them are filled with the bitterness of defeat and the joy of victories, large and small losses. How much and what spiritual forces were required to overcome this path ?!

May 9, 1945 is not only a victory for weapons, but also a victory for the people's spirit. Millions of people do not stop thinking about its origin, results and lessons. What was the spiritual power of our people? Where to look for the origins of such massive heroism, fortitude and fearlessness?

All of the above justifies the relevance of this topic.

Purpose of the work: to study and analyze the reasons for the heroism of the Soviet people on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War.

The work consists of reference, 2 chapters, conclusion and bibliography. The total amount of work is 16 pages.

1 Heroism of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War

The Great Patriotic War is an ordeal that befell the Russian people. From the very first days of the war, we had to deal with a very serious enemy who knew how to conduct a large modern war. Hitler's mechanized hordes, regardless of losses, rushed forward and betrayed everything that they met on the way to fire and sword. It was necessary to abruptly turn the whole life and consciousness of Soviet people, morally and ideologically organize and mobilize them for a hard and long struggle.

All means of spiritual influence on the masses, agitation and propaganda, political mass work, press, cinema, radio, literature, art - were used to explain the goals, nature and features of the war against Nazi Germany, to solve military tasks in the rear and at the front, to achieve victory over the enemy.

Exciting documents have survived - the suicide notes of some Soviet soldiers. The lines of the notes resurrect before us in all their beauty the appearance of people, courageous and infinitely loyal to the Motherland. The collective testament of 18 members of the underground organization of the city of Donetsk is imbued with unshakable faith in the strength and invincibility of the Motherland: “Friends! We are dying for a just cause ... Do not fold your hands, rise up, beat the enemy at every step. Goodbye, Russian people. "

The Russian people spared neither strength nor life in order to bring the hour of victory over the enemy closer. Shoulder to shoulder with men, our women also forged victory over the enemy. They bravely endured the incredible hardships of war, they were unparalleled workers in factories, collective farms, hospitals and schools.

The divisions of the people's militia, created by the working people of Moscow, fought heroically. During the defense of Moscow, the capital's party and Komsomol organizations sent up to 100 thousand communists and 250 thousand Komsomol members to the front. Almost half a million Muscovites went out to build defensive lines. They surrounded Moscow with anti-tank ditches, barbed wire, trenches, bunkers, pillboxes, bunkers, etc.

The motto of the guardsmen - to be always heroes - was vividly embodied in the immortal feat of Panfilov, which was performed by 28 soldiers of the 316th division of General I.V. Panfilov. Defending the line at the Dubosekovo junction, this group under the command of political instructor V.G. Klochkov on November 16 entered into single combat with 50 German tanks, accompanied by a large detachment of enemy machine gunners. Soviet soldiers fought with unparalleled courage and fortitude. “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat. Moscow is behind us, ”the political instructor made an appeal to the soldiers. And the soldiers fought to death, 24 of them, including V.G. Klochkov, died a heroic death, but the enemy did not pass here.

Many other divisions and units, crews of aircraft, tanks and ships followed the example of the Panfilovites.

In all its glory, the legendary feat of the airborne detachment under the command of Senior Lieutenant K.F. Olshansky appears before us. A detachment of 55 sailors and 12 Red Army men in March 1944 made a daring raid on the German garrison in the city of Nikolaev. Eighteen fierce attacks were repelled by the Soviet soldiers within 24 hours, destroying four hundred Nazis and knocking out several tanks. But the paratroopers also suffered huge losses, their forces were running out. By this time, Soviet troops, advancing on Nikolaev bypassing, had achieved decisive success. The city was free.

All 67 participants in the landing, 55 of them posthumously, were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. During the war years, 11525 people were awarded this high title.

"Win or die" - this was the only question in the war against German fascism, and our soldiers understood this. They deliberately gave their lives for their homeland when the situation demanded it. Legendary scout N.I. Kuznetsov, setting off behind enemy lines with an assignment, wrote: “I love life, I am still very young. But because the Fatherland, which I love like my own mother, requires me to sacrifice my life in the name of freeing it from the German occupiers, I will do it. Let the whole world know what a Russian patriot and a Bolshevik is capable of. Let the fascist leaders remember that it is impossible to conquer our people, as well as to extinguish the Sun.

A striking example, personifying the heroic spirit of our soldiers, is the feat of the Marine Corps soldier of the Komsomol M.A. Panikakhin. During an enemy attack on the outskirts of the Volga, he, engulfed in flames, rushed to meet the fascist tank and set it on fire with a bottle of fuel. Together with the enemy tank, the hero burned down. His comrades compared his feat to the feat of Gorky's Danko: the light of the feat of a Soviet hero became a beacon that other hero-warriors were equal to.

What fortitude was shown by those who did not hesitate to cover the embrasure of the enemy bunker that was spewing deadly fire with their bodies! Private Alexander Matrosov was one of the first to accomplish such a feat. The feat of this Russian soldier was repeated by dozens of fighters of other nationalities. Among them are Uzbek T. Erdzhigitov, Estonian I. I. Laar, Ukrainian A. E. Shevchenko, Kirghiz Ch. Tuleberdiev, Moldovan I. S. Soltys, Kazakh S. B. Baitagatbetov and many others.

Following the Belarusian Nikolai Gastello, Russian pilots L.I. Ivanov, N.N. Skovorodin, E.V. Mikhailov, Ukrainian N.T. Vdovenko, Kazakh N.Abdirov, Jew I.Ya. Irzhak and other.

Of course, selflessness, contempt for death in the fight against the enemy does not necessarily entail the loss of life. Moreover, these qualities of Soviet soldiers often help them to mobilize all their spiritual and physical strength in order to find a way out of a difficult situation. Faith in the people, confidence in victory, in the name of which a Russian person goes to death, not fearing it, inspires the fighter, pours new strength into him.

Thanks to the same reasons, thanks to iron discipline and military skill, millions of Soviet people, who looked death in the face, won and survived. Among these heroes are 33 Soviet heroes, who in August 1942, on the outskirts of the Volga, defeated 70 enemy tanks and a battalion of his infantry. It is almost unbelievable, but, nevertheless, the fact that this small group of Soviet soldiers, led by junior political instructor A.G. Evtifiev and deputy political instructor L.I. Kovalev, having only grenades, machine guns, bottles with a combustible mixture and one anti-tank rifle , destroyed 27 German tanks and about 150 Nazis, and she herself emerged from this unequal battle without losses.

During the war years, such qualities of our soldiers and officers as steadfastness and inflexibility of will in the performance of military duty, which constitute an important element of true heroism, were very clearly manifested. Even in the most difficult conditions of the initial period of the war, the bulk of our soldiers did not fall into despondency, did not lose their presence of mind, and retained firm confidence in victory. Courageously overcoming "fear of tanks and aircraft", inexperienced soldiers became hardened fighters.

The whole world knows the iron fortitude of our soldiers in the days of the heroic defense of Leningrad, Sevastopol, Kiev, Odessa. The determination to fight the enemy to the end was a massive phenomenon and found its expression in the oaths of individual fighters and units. Here is one of these oaths taken by Soviet sailors during the days of the defense of Sevastopol: "For us, the slogan is" Not a step back! " became the slogan of life. We are all, as one, unshakable. If among us there is a lurking coward or a traitor, then our hand will not flinch - he will be destroyed. "

The actions of Soviet soldiers in the historic battle on the Volga were marked with great perseverance and courage. There was essentially no leading edge - it was everywhere. A fierce bloody struggle was fought for every meter of land, for every house. But even in these incredibly difficult conditions, the Soviet soldiers survived. We survived and won, first of all, because a close-knit military collective was formed here, there was an idea here. It was the general idea that was the cementing force that united the warriors and made their endurance truly iron. The words "Not a step back!" for all fighters and officers became a requirement, an order, a raison d'être. The whole country supported the defenders of the military stronghold. 140 days and nights of continuous battles for the city on the Volga is a true epic of folk heroism. The legendary fortitude of the city on the Volga is personified by its illustrious heroes, among them Sergeant I.F. Pavlov, who led a handful of brave men who entered one of the houses. This house, turned into an impregnable fortress, entered the chronicle of the war as Pavlov's House. The memory of the exploit of the signalman V.P. Titaev, who, dying, gripped the torn ends of the wire with his teeth and restored the broken connection, will never fade. He and the dead continued to fight the Nazis.

Kursk Bulge - here the Hitlerite command wanted to take revenge and change the course of the war in their favor. However, the heroism of the Soviet people knew no bounds. It seemed that our fighters had turned into fearless heroes and no force was able to keep them from fulfilling the orders of the Motherland.

Only one 3rd Fighter Brigade in four days of fighting repelled 20 attacks and destroyed 146 enemy tanks. The battery of Captain G.I. Igishev heroically defended its combat positions near the village of Samodurovka, at which up to 60 fascist tanks rushed. Having destroyed 19 tanks and 2 battalions of infantry, almost all the batteries were killed, but did not let the enemy pass. The village where the battle took place bears the name of the Hero of the Soviet Union Igishev. Guards pilot Lieutenant A.K. Gorovets on a fighter plane, the fuselage of which was decorated with the inscription "From collective farmers and collective farmers of the Gorky region", one entered the battle with a large group of enemy bombers and shot down 9 of them. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In the battles near Orel, the pilot A.P. Maresyev showed an example of valor and courage, returning to service after being seriously wounded and amputation of the legs of both legs and shooting down 3 enemy aircraft.

The enemy was stopped along the entire front and Soviet troops launched a counteroffensive. On this day, in the area of ​​the village of Prokhorovka, the largest oncoming tank battle in history took place, in which about 1200 tanks participated on both sides. The main role in delivering a counterattack against the advancing enemy belonged to the 5th Guards Tank Army under the command of General P.A. Rotmistrov.

Having liberated Ukraine and Donbass, Soviet troops reached the Dnieper and immediately began forcing the river at the same time in many areas. The advanced units on improvised means - fishing boats, rafts, boards, empty barrels, etc. - overcame this powerful water barrier and created the necessary bridgeheads. It was an outstanding feat. About 2,500 soldiers and officers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the successful crossing of the Dnieper. Access to the lower course of the Dnieper allowed our troops to block the enemy in the Crimea.

A vivid example of courage and extraordinary courage is the combat activity of the intelligence officer of the Hero of the Soviet Union V.A.Molodtsov and his comrades I.N. Petrenko, Yasha Gordienko and others. Having settled on the instructions of the state security agencies in the catacombs of Odessa, occupied by the enemy, and experiencing the greatest difficulties (there was not enough food, the Nazis poisoned them with gas, walled up the entrances to the catacombs, poisoned the water in wells, etc.), Molodtsov's reconnaissance group for seven months regularly transmitted valuable intelligence information about the enemy to Moscow. They remained faithful to their homeland to the end. On the proposal to file a petition for pardon, Molodtsov, on behalf of his comrades, declared: "We do not ask for pardon from the enemies on our land."

Military skill greatly enhanced the stamina and other moral and combat qualities of our soldiers. That is why our soldiers put their whole hearts into mastering weapons, equipment, new methods of combat. It is known how widespread the sniper movement acquired at the front. How many glorious names were there that received well-deserved fame!

One of the most characteristic features of the spirituality of our warriors is a sense of collectivism and camaraderie.

The Soviet partisans rendered great assistance to the Red Army. 1943 was the time of an unprecedented heroic mass partisan movement. Coordination of the interaction of partisan detachments, their close connection with the combat operations of the Red Army were characteristic features of the nationwide struggle behind enemy lines.

By the end of 1941, 40 partisan detachments, numbering up to 10 thousand people, were operating near Moscow. In a short time, they destroyed 18 thousand fascist invaders, 222 tanks and armored vehicles, 6 aircraft, 29 depots with ammunition and food.

Like the warriors at the front, the partisans displayed unprecedented heroism. The Soviet people sacredly honor the memory of the fearless patriot - eighteen-year-old Komsomol member Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, who voluntarily joined the ranks of the defenders of the Motherland and performed the most dangerous tasks in the enemy's rear. During an attempt to set fire to an important military facility, Zoya was captured by the Nazis, who subjected her to monstrous torture. But Zoya did not betray her comrades to the enemy. Standing at the gallows with a noose around her neck, Zoya addressed the Soviet people driven to the place of execution: “I am not afraid to die, comrades! It is happiness to die for your people! " Thousands of other Soviet people behaved just as heroically.

By the end of 1943, more than 250 thousand people were in the partisan detachments. In the occupied territory, there were whole partisan territories in the Leningrad and Kalinin regions, in Belarus, Oryol, Smolensk and other regions. More than 200 thousand km 2 of territory were under the full control of the partisans.

During the preparation period and during the Battle of Kursk, they disrupted the work of the enemy's rear, conducted continuous reconnaissance, made it difficult to transfer troops, and with active hostilities diverted the enemy's reserves. So, the 1st Kursk partisan brigade blew up several railway bridges and interrupted train traffic for 18 days.

Particularly noteworthy are the partisan operations under the code names "Rail War" and "Concert", carried out in August - October 1943. During the first operation, in which about 170 partisan formations numbering 100 thousand people acted, many echelons were wrecked, bridges were destroyed and station facilities. Operation "Concert" was even more effective: the throughput of the railways decreased by 35-40%, which made it much more difficult to regroup the Nazi troops and provided great assistance to the advancing Red Army.

The steadfastness of spirit, the proud consciousness of their strength and moral superiority over the enemy did not leave Soviet soldiers and officers even when they fell into the hands of the Nazis and found themselves in a hopeless situation. Dying, the heroes remained undefeated. They crucified the Komsomol soldier Yuri Smirnov, driving nails into his palms and feet; they killed the partisan Vera Lisovaya by making a fire on her chest; They tortured the legendary General DM Karbyshev by pouring water on him in the frost, who responded to the Nazis' offer to serve them with dignity: "I am a Soviet man, a soldier, and I remain true to my duty."

Thus, in the harsh time of war, the spiritual power of our people manifested itself in all its glory, selflessly devoted to their Motherland, stubborn in the battle for a just cause, tireless in work, ready for any sacrifices and hardships in the name of the prosperity of the Fatherland.

2 The origins of the mass heroism of the Soviet people

Victory or defeat in a war is the result of a number of components, among which the moral factor is of paramount importance. What did the Soviet people defend? The answer to this question largely explains the behavior of people at the front and in the rear, the stimuli of their public consciousness of that time and their personal attitude towards the confrontation with the Nazis. The people rose to defend their state, their homeland. Millions of the fallen and alive put into this concept all the best connected with the life of the country, their family, children, with a new just society, which, they believed, would be built. Pride in the country, involvement in its successes and failures is an important feature of public attitudes and personal actions of that time. They knew that they were fighting a war for a just cause, and for the most part, even in the most hopeless situation, they did not doubt the ultimate victory.

Love for the Motherland, for the Russian land, Albert Axel singles out as the main source of the army's moral strength, which during the Great Patriotic War manifested itself in "an atmosphere of universal heroism." The historian consistently defends the thesis that the self-sacrifice of the Soviet people and their military exploits "changed the course of events in World War II."

Today, there are a lot of publications and books, weighed by their assessments, about the heroes of the last war, about the nature of heroism. Their authors penetrate deeply into the origins and essence of heroic deeds, understanding by this such an act of a person or a group of people when a step is deliberately made that goes beyond the usual norms of behavior. This heroism consists in resolving a contradiction in life, which at the moment cannot be resolved by ordinary, everyday means. Of particular importance in this case are the content of the motive of the action, its compliance with the spiritual mood, ideological convictions of people and the requirements of the environment.

The heroic in the behavior and actions of this or that person is necessarily associated with an exceptional tension of thought, will, feeling, is fraught with risk, in most cases - with mortal danger. However, during the war years, people deliberately took any risk and any test. They were led to this by selfless concern for the fate of the Motherland, its present and future, a deep awareness of the formidable danger that German Nazism brought with it to our country. It is here that one must look for the source of that unprecedented mass heroism, which has become the decisive driving force in the war, the most important factor in victory in it. It manifested itself in the activities of people of all ages and professions, men and women, representatives of all nations and peoples of the USSR. More than 11 thousand became Heroes of the Soviet Union, hundreds of thousands - holders of orders and medals.

The origins of mass heroism are seen in the Russian national character, in patriotism, a sense of pride in their homeland, in the moral spirit of the people, in the fraternal friendship of people of different nationalities.

The forms of mass heroism were manifold. But especially characteristic was the collective feat of units, formations - at the front, factories, collective farms, and many other work collectives - in the rear. It was a heroism of a special kind: the long-term and highest intensity of military labor of millions of Red Army men in conditions of constant mortal danger, the selfless labor of millions of workers, peasants, office workers, scientific and technical intelligentsia, with the utmost exertion of spiritual forces, often in conditions of hunger and cold.

The mass labor heroism of the Soviet people is also a historical phenomenon. With their selfless labor, they won the battle for metal and grain, fuel and raw materials, for the creation of a weapon of victory. People worked twelve or more hours a day, without days off and holidays. Even during the German air raids on the front-line cities, work did not stop. And if we take into account the lack of food, the most elementary things, the cold in irregularly heated houses, it becomes clear in what harsh conditions people lived and worked. But they knew: the active army was waiting for planes, tanks, guns, ammunition, etc. And everyone tried to produce as many products as possible.

Thus, the patriotic mood of the majority of the country's population was convincingly confirmed by practical deeds at the front and in the rear, as well as in the temporarily occupied territory of the USSR.

And in this sense, we can talk about the moral and political unity of the Soviet people in those years. The overwhelming majority of the population of the USSR, regardless of nationality, political views and religion, showed a deep sense of patriotism and, at the same time, hatred of the enemy. This circumstance was reflected in the change in official ideological attitudes.

The gradual deep realization of the above was the most important source of the spiritual strength of the bulk of the Soviet people, which was so clearly manifested at the front, in the rear and in the occupied Soviet territory. They saw the main condition for the defeat of the aggressor, first of all, in their unprecedented fraternal solidarity as the sons of a single historically formed people who had built a mighty state. That is why the victory achieved by common forces and at an extremely high price is the property of all the peoples of the former USSR, the natural pride of those who won this victory in bloody battles, and those who inherited it from their fathers and grandfathers. At the same time, it is also an instructive lesson for today's generations - a lesson in selfless love for the Fatherland, a lesson in the great selfless struggle for its freedom and independence.

Conclusion

The Great Patriotic War showed the full depth, progressive character, spiritual strength of the Soviet; showed the decisive role in the historical fate of the people of the quality of their spirituality, the importance of spiritual culture and ideology in its rise, in the mobilization of the people to fight for their historical existence.

This experience of war is extremely important in our time for the people to gain confidence in themselves, in their ability to solve problems that seem insurmountable. The Great Victory of the Soviet people over Nazi Germany obliges and inspires the solution of such problems.

During the war there were situations when our troops clearly did not have enough physical strength to stop the fascist hordes. Saved by the strength of the spirit, which made it possible to make a turning point in a fierce struggle. Spiritual strength raised millions of soldiers to sacrificial service to the Fatherland on the endless fronts of the great war and on the endless expanses of the near and distant rear. She united everyone and made the creators of the Great Victory. This is the greatest example for posterity of all time.

The people have not forgotten and glorify those who fought bravely and died as a hero's death, bringing the hour of our victory closer, glorify those who survived who managed to defeat the enemy. Heroes do not die, their glory is immortal, their names are forever entered not only in the lists of the personnel of the Armed Forces, but also in the memory of the people. People make up legends about heroes, erect beautiful monuments to them, and call the best streets of their cities and villages after them.

List of used literature

1. Axel A. Heroes of Russia. 1941-1945 / A. Axel. - M .: Interstamo, 2002.

2. Baghramyan I.Kh. So we went to victory. Military memoirs / I.Kh.Bagramyan. - M .: Military Publishing, 1990.

3. Dmitrienko V.P. The history of homeland. XX century .: A manual for students / V.P. Dmitrienko, V.D. Esakov, V.A. Shestakov. - M .: Bustard, 2002.

4. Brief world history. In 2 books / Ed. A.Z. Manfred. - M .: Publishing house Nauka, 1996.

5. Paderin A.A. War and peace: the role of spiritual culture in the upbringing of patriotic consciousness / A.A. Paderin // Materials of the scientific-practical conference. - Moscow: Publishing house Silver threads, 2005.

Of the many topics that are provided on the exam in the Russian language for writing an essay, one can especially single out the topic "Heroism".

The goal of Russian education is to raise a person worthy and intelligent, who knows what he wants to achieve in life, a true patriot of his country. The growth of requirements for the quality of the educational level of the population of the Russian Federation led to the introduction of the Unified State Exam, designed to test the knowledge of schoolchildren.

The unified state examination measures the knowledge of graduates after graduation, on the way to a higher educational institution, in various branches of science.

One of the most important subjects in the country in which schoolchildren are examined is the Russian language. This is literally the pillar on which the country is based, because only people who have their own system of oral communication can be considered a single people.

What is heroism

Heroism, in the understanding of people, is the accomplishment of a great feat by a person in the name of other people.

Heroes are not those who were born with this intention, but those who have become shoulder to shoulder for a common goal, driven by the concept of justice.

Self-sacrifice in the name of a good cause bringing peace and prosperity to humanity is also considered heroism.

Accordingly, a hero is a person who performs a feat out of love for his neighbor, actively creates the fate of the world and is prone to altruistic behavior. From the point of view of psychology, this concept can be designated any individual who commits a noble deed, overcoming their own fears and doubts.

Examples of heroic behavior can be found not only in literary sources, but also in the environment. Works that tell about the heroes' exploits are often based on events taken from life.

The problem of heroism - arguments from the literature for the exam

The problem of heroism and the formation of a person's personality as a hero was raised in their creations by many writers.

The most famous are the following works of Russian authors: B. Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet", M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" and B. Polevoy "The Story of a Real Man".

Less known in modern Russia is the story "Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya" by V. Uspensky, which is based on the story of a young pioneer who, together with her friends, joined a partisan detachment and died heroically under torture by the Nazis.

The story of B. Polevoy is based on a real-life story about the pilot Alexei Maresyev. Downed in enemy territory, he was able to pass through the forest thicket. Due to the fact that in extreme conditions there was no one to provide first aid, the man lost both legs, however, overcoming his own imperfection for the sake of love for the sky, he was able to learn how to fly an airplane wearing prostheses.

"The Fate of a Man" tells the story of Andrei, who defended his native Motherland from Nazi Germany. Despite the news of the death of people close to him, the main character was able to withstand, not surrender to the horrors of war. The ability to empathize with people was preserved in him, despite the hardships and hardships that fate presented. This is most clearly expressed in his act: Andrei adopted a boy who had lost his family.

The heroes of the book "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" are ordinary people who, by the will of fate, were in the forefront of the battle for the country. They could have survived, but their strongest desire was to protect their homeland, so their death was worthy.

Foreign literature also presents many creations based on the heroism of ordinary people. One can single out arguments from the works of famous authors.

A classic example is E. Hemingway's story "For Whom the Bell Tolls", where two people from different worlds meet - a demolition man and an ordinary girl. Robert, who died in the explosion of the bridge, who knows that he is going to certain death, but has not retreated from the task entrusted to him, and Maria, who more and more clearly understands that she will not see her beloved, but lets him go for the sake of a great goal - to put an end to the war that is tearing the country apart for parts. Which of them can be considered a real hero?

Another classic example of heroism can be considered the story of D. London "Love of Life". A person in this creation does not save anyone but himself, but his courage, dedication and will to preserve life deserve the deepest respect, since many people who faced the betrayal of friends, finding themselves in a hostile area, would surrender to the will of circumstances.

The problem of true and false heroism according to Tolstoy

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy is one of the most famous Russian writers and thinkers, one of the greatest novelists in the world

For example, true heroism always comes "from the heart", is full of depth and purity of thoughts; false heroism manifests itself as a desire to "show off" without having deep motives inside. According to the classics of Russian literature, a person who commits a heroic act in order to be positively appreciated by others cannot be a real hero.

Bolkonsky is an example here, who strives to accomplish "a beautiful feat, certainly appreciated by other people."

True heroism lies in the fact that a person steps over his ego, not caring how beautiful he will look in the eyes of other people, and does everything possible for the well-being of the common cause.

Heroism of a Russian woman and mother

A woman in the literature of her native country is a collective image of several roles: mother, wife, daughter.

An example of the heroism of a Russian young lady is the wives of the Decembrists, who followed their beloved husbands, who were exiled to distant, practically uninhabited lands.

Women brought up according to the laws of a secular society, where exile means shame, were not afraid to leave their comfortable conditions in the wilderness.

The second example of the heroism of a Russian woman is Vera Rozaltseva from the novel by Chernyshevsky "What is to be done?" The heroine is a qualitatively new type of emancipated lady. She is not afraid of difficulties and actively implements her own ideas, while helping other girls.

If we consider female heroism on the example of a mother, then we can single out the story of V. Zakrutkin "Human Mother". Maria, a simple Russian woman who lost her family because of the Nazis, loses her will to live. The inhumanity of war makes her "turn to stone in her heart", but the heroine finds the strength to live on and begins to help orphans, who also grieve for their departed relatives.

The image of the Mother, presented in the story, is deeply humane in relation to people. The author of the work presented to the reader such a quality of a woman as love for humanity, indivisible by nationality, faith, etc.

Heroism during the Great Patriotic War

The war with Germany brought many new names to the board of honor, some of which became such posthumously. The outbreak of a fire of indignation at the inhumanity and unprincipledness of the SS Fuhrer's troops is manifested in the partisan methods of waging war.

There are two types of heroes during the Second World War:

• partisans;
• soldiers of the Army of the Soviet Union.

The first include the following people:

• Marat Kazei. After the Nazis killed his mother for harboring partisans, he left to fight with his sister in the partisan headquarters. For his courage he was awarded a medal in 1943, died the following year at the age of 14 while performing a mission;
• Lenya Golikov. He joined the partisan detachment in 1942. For numerous exploits, it was decided to award the hero with a medal, but he did not manage to get it. In 1943, he was killed along with the detachment;
• Zina Portnova. She became a scout in 1943. She was caught on assignment and tortured a lot. In 1944 she was shot.

The second group includes the following people:

• Alexander Matrosov. He closed the embrasure with his body, allowing the detachment to pass through to carry out a combat mission;
• Ivan Panfilov. The division under his leadership fought bravely at Volokolamsk, repelling enemy attacks for six days;
• Nikolay Gastello. He sent a burning plane to the enemy troops. Died with honor.

In addition to people known for their exploits and participation in the war, a huge number of heroes were never named by the country due to ignorance about them.

The problem of courage and heroism of sailors

War does not happen only on land. It captures both the firmament and the expanses of water. Such is the inherent power of the destructive element - to involve everyone and everything in their networks. People of the opposing sides collided not only on the ground, but also in the water.

• V. Kataev "Flag". The Nazis offer to surrender to the Russian team of sailors, but the latter, realizing that they will die if they do not surrender, still decide in favor of the battle, defending the city;
• VM Bogomolov "Flight" Swallows ". When ferrying ammunition across the river, the steamer "Swallow" is fired upon by the Nazi troops, as a result of this action the mine hits the barge. Realizing the fact of danger, the captain, driven by the idea of ​​protecting his homeland, turns the steering wheel and directs the steamer towards the enemy.

Russian writers focus on the decision of people whose main quality is courage. Courageous high-risk behavior is still relevant today.

Courage and heroism today

There are heroes at any time, regardless of the circumstances of their environment. Nowadays, the names of those who performed a feat in the name of humanity are engraved on the honor board.

These are ordinary children in everyday life and heroes in extreme situations:

• Evgeny Tabakov. At the age of seven, he saved his sister from a maniac, while receiving a fatal wound;
• Julia Korol. She showed the highest level of courage in saving her comrades as a result of the tragedy on Syamozero;
• Sasha Ershova. In an accident in the water park, she kept a little girl above the water, not allowing her to drown.

In the annals of the history of our days, not only the children presented above are inscribed, but also many other modern people who actively help in situations of high risk to those who turned out to be weaker than the circumstances.

Of great importance in stories with a heroic way of life is the correct upbringing of their own children by parents. After all, the maturation of the future personality depends on how well the relatives convey to the child the norms and values.

How to write an essay on the theme "Heroism of the Russian people"

The heroic deeds of people over the course of many generations have formed into the history of the exploits of the Russian state. Students who need to pass a profile exam in the Russian language write an essay when they finish 9th grade.

"How to write a creative assignment correctly?" - this question worries many schoolchildren who want to show the maximum result during testing.

Any essay on a given topic is always based on a goal and a plan. The purpose of the essay is given in the assignment to it. The plan is developed by the student himself, usually it involves breaking the work into stages of work on it.

What does the composition plan consist of:

1. Introduction.
2. Main part.
3. Conclusion.

In addition to the main stages, the student should think about what arguments he will refer to when writing an essay; relevant presentation of information that the student would like to convey to the reader; the correct use of the means of the Russian language in the text.

For example, consider the theme of the heroism of the Russian people on the example of Sholokhov's novel "Quiet Don". It is based on the history of the world of the White Guards fighting for their ideals. They are doomed by history to disappear, but fearlessly fight against the bitter truth of communism, forcibly implanted in the Cossack Don.

The epic clearly shows the problems that worried people of that time: the split of the population into two fronts (White and Red Guards), the desire to defend their truth, everyday life and established order; clash of ideals of different groups of the population.

Sholokhov show the internal evolution of the heroes of his novel, their changes over time: both internal and external. For example, at first Dunyasha appears to the audience as a “girl with pigtails,” at the end of the novel - as an integral person who has independently chosen her own path. Dunya, a descendant of a White Guard, chooses the communist who killed her brother as her husband.

The girl is an example of the highest sacrifice and heroism, as she is not afraid to step over the outdated stereotypes of society.

Conclusion

Each person decides for himself who to call a hero. S. Marshak, for example, in his poem about an unknown rescuer, draws the reader's attention to the fact that such a hero can be any passer-by.

L. Tolstoy in his epic distinguishes between the concepts of true and false heroism. False heroism, according to the writer, is the desire to show off to the public, while the real feat of a person begins with the pure thoughts of his soul.

Anyone can become a hero, regardless of the circumstances. After all, no one knows what kind of life the little partisans would have lived if the Patriotic War had not happened in the 40s of the last century.

The most important thing in life is to be a person worthy of yourself; respect yourself as a person; strive for the stars and help people lost in life.

Reasoning about correct behavior is nothing without practical application. Big things always start with small things. Becoming a hero begins with helping those in need.

Dedicated to the problem of heroism, where we will give arguments from literature. Moreover, it will not be difficult to write homework, because many writers touched on the topic where they revealed the problem of heroism, introducing readers to the heroes of their works. Very often, this problem is associated with works about the war and not casual, because it is in the war that a person manifests true or false heroism, as evidenced by the arguments from the literature for the Unified State Exam.

Expanding the problem of manifestation of heroism in war and arguing with examples, I would like to recall the wonderful work of Leo Tolstoy, where the author raises various philosophical questions. We see how the problem under study evolves in the mind of Andrei Bolkonsky. Now Andrey's priorities are to be a hero, not to seem like that. Captain Tushin, as well as other heroes who gave their lives for their Motherland, showed real heroism in the novel. At the same time, there were also false patriots in the person of high society.

The problem is also raised by Sholokhov in his work, where the hero Andrey Sokolov selflessly defended his homeland from the Nazi invaders. The war took both his wife and children from him, but his will remained unbending, he endured everything and even found the strength to adopt an orphaned child. And this also showed the heroic traits of his character.

Arguing the problem of heroism, I would like to recall the work of Fr. Tvardovsky. In the work, the hero, in spite of fear, at the cost of his health, life, for the sake of love for the Motherland and family, does the impossible. A real heroic deed when Vasily swims across a cold river in order to convey information that will help to quickly end the course of the war.

To be honest, you can still give a lot of arguments from the literature, where the authors touch on the problem of true and false heroism. This is Bykov's novel Sotnikov, and the novel The White Guard Bulgakov, and the Story of a Real Man by B. Polevoy and many other works of famous writers, whose works we read with pleasure, we experience with the heroes, we feel their pain and are proud of their dedication and heroic deeds.

The Problem of Heroism: Arguments from Literature

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