Creative work on literature on the topic: “What thoughts and feelings did L. Tolstoy’s story “Poor People” inspire in me? (School essays).  L.N. Tolstoy. Poor People

In the fisherman's hut, Zhanna, the fisherman's wife, sits by the fire and repairs an old sail. Outside, the wind whistles and howls, and the waves hum, splashing and crashing on the shore... It’s dark and cold outside, there’s a storm at sea, but in the fisherman’s hut it’s warm and cozy. The earthen floor has been swept clean; the fire in the stove has not yet gone out; Dishes glitter on the shelf. Five children sleep on a bed with a drawn-down white curtain, listening to the howling of the stormy sea. The fisherman husband went out to sea in his boat in the morning and has not returned yet. The fisherman hears the roar of the waves and the roar of the wind. It's terrible for Zhanna.

The old wooden clock struck ten, eleven with a hoarse chime... Still no husband. Zhanna thinks about it. The husband does not feel sorry for himself, he fishes in the cold and storm. She sits from morning to evening at work. And what? They barely feed. But the kids still don’t have shoes, and in summer and winter they run barefoot; and they eat bread that is not wheat; it is also good if there is enough rye. Only seasonings for food are like fish. “Well, thank God, the children are healthy. There’s no point in complaining,” Zhanna thinks and again listens to the storm. “Where is he now? God save him, save him and have mercy!” - she says and crosses herself.

It's still early to sleep. Zhanna gets up, throws a thick scarf over her head, lights a lantern and goes out into the street to see if the sea has become quieter, if it is getting light, and if the lamp in the lighthouse is burning, and if she can see her husband’s boat. But nothing is visible at sea. The wind tears off her scarf and knocks on the door of the neighboring hut with something torn off, and Zhanna remembers that since the evening she wanted to go and see her sick neighbor. “There’s no one to look after her,” Zhanna thought and knocked on the door. I listened... Nobody answers.

“It’s a bad widow’s business,” Zhanna thinks, standing at the threshold. “Even though there are only a few children – two, I still have to think about everything on my own. And then there’s the illness! Eh, a bad widow’s business. I’ll come in and check on you.”

Zhanna knocked again and again. Nobody answered.

- Hey, neighbor! – Zhanna shouted. “Something has happened,” she thought and pushed the door.

It was damp and cold in the hut. Zhanna raised the lantern to see where the patient was. And the first thing that caught her eye was the bed right opposite the door, and on the bed she, the neighbor, was lying on her back as quietly and motionlessly as only the dead lie. Zhanna brought the Lantern even closer. Yes, that's her. The head is thrown back; on the cold, blue face the calmness of death. A pale dead hand, as if reaching for something, fell and hung from the straw. And right there, not far from the dead mother, two small children, curly and thick-cheeked, covered with an old dress, sleep, huddled and pressing their blond heads to each other. Apparently, the mother, while dying, still managed to wrap their legs with an old scarf and cover them with her dress. Their breathing is even and calm, they sleep sweetly and soundly. Zhanna takes off the cradle with the children and, wrapping them in a scarf, carries them home. Her heart is beating fast; she herself does not know how and why she did it, but she knows that she could not help but do what she did.

At home, she places the unawakened children on the bed with her children and hastily closes the curtains. She is pale and agitated. It's like her conscience is tormenting her. “Will he say something?.. - she says to herself. - Is it a joke, five of his children - he didn’t care enough about them... Is it him?.. No, not yet!.. And why did he take "!.. He'll kill me! And rightly so, I'm worth it. Here he is! No!.. Well, so much the better!"

The door creaked as if someone had entered. Zhanna shuddered and rose from her chair.

“No. Again, no one! Lord, why did I do this?.. How can I look him in the eyes now?..” And Zhanna thinks and sits silently by the bed for a long time.

Rain stopped; It's dawn, but the wind is howling and the sea is still roaring.

Suddenly the door swung open, a stream of fresh sea air rushed into the room, and a tall, dark fisherman, dragging wet torn nets behind him, entered the room with the words:

- Here I am, Zhanna!

- Oh, it's you! - Zhanna says and stops, not daring to raise her eyes to him.

- Well, it’s already night! Fear!

- Yes, yes, the weather was terrible! Well, how's the fishing?

- Rubbish, absolutely rubbish! Didn't catch anything. I just broke the networks. Bad, bad!.. Yes, I’ll tell you, the weather was great! It seems like I won’t remember such a night. What fishing there! Thank God I made it home alive... Well, what were you doing here without me?

The fisherman dragged his nets into the room and sat down by the stove.

- I? - said Zhanna, turning pale. - Why am I... I was sitting sewing... The wind howled so much that it became scary. I was afraid for you.

“Yes, yes,” muttered the husband, “the weather is damn bad!” What can you do!

Both were silent.

“You know,” said Zhanna, “my neighbor Simon died.”

- And I don’t know when; That's right, just yesterday. Yes, it was hard for her to die. And my heart must have ached for the children! After all, two children are tiny... One doesn’t speak yet, and the other is just starting to crawl...

Zhanna fell silent. The fisherman frowned; his face became serious and worried.

- Well, there you go! – he said, scratching the back of his head. - Well, what are you going to do! They’ll have to take it, otherwise they’ll wake up, what’s it like for them with the dead woman? Well, well, we’ll get by somehow! Go quickly!

But Zhanna did not move.

- What are you doing? Do not want? What's wrong with you, Zhanna?

“Here they are,” said Zhanna and pulled back the curtain.

Inner world " little man", his experiences, problems, disappointments, but, at the same time, spiritual development, moral purity- this is what worries Fyodor Mikhailovich, who raised the topic of personality transformation in difficult life circumstances. Returning self-respect through helping another disadvantaged creature, maintaining personal integrity in spite of adversity - the correspondence of two not very happy people makes you think about this.

History of creation

In the spring of 1845, editing of the text continues, and final amendments are made. The manuscript is ready in early May. Grigorovich, Nekrasov and Belinsky were the first readers, and already in January 1846, the “Petersburg Collection” introduced the novel to the general public. A separate edition was published in 1847.

Stylistic changes were added by Dostoevsky later, when preparing collected works of his works.

Researchers of the writer’s work believe that many of the characters in “Poor People” had prototypes.

Analysis of the work

Description of the work

A poor official decides to help a distant relative who is in a difficult situation. He spares no money, no time, no good advice, no kind words for her. Varya gratefully accepts the help, responding with warmth and cordiality. In the relationship between two disadvantaged people, who have become a support for each other, best sides both.

In the finale, Varvara decides to marry the unloved landowner Bykov in order to gain social status and financial well-being.

Main characters

There are two central characters in the novel: the lonely Makar Devushkin and the young orphan Varenka Dobroselova. The revelation of their characters, characteristics and shortcomings, outlook on life, motives for actions occurs gradually, from letter to letter.

Makar is 47 years old, 30 of which he has been doing unimportant work for a meager salary. His service gives him neither moral satisfaction nor the respect of his colleagues. Devushkin has high ambitions, he is not confident in himself and is dependent on public opinion. Unsuccessful attempts to create a prestigious image in the eyes of others further lower the self-esteem of the titular adviser. But under the shyness and uncertainty of the main character, there is a big heart: having met a girl in need, he rents a place for her, tries to help financially, and shares his warmth. Taking a sincere part in Varya’s fate, feeling his importance, Devushkin grows in his own eyes.

Varvara Dobroselova, who lost her family and faced meanness and betrayal, also reaches out with all her soul to the kind person sent to her by fate. Confiding the details of her life to her interlocutor, Varya, in turn, treats the official’s complaints with sympathy and cordiality and supports him morally. But, unlike Makar, the girl is more pragmatic, has determination and inner strength.

(Scene from the play "Poor People" Theater Young Spectators named after A.A. Bryantseva, St. Petersburg)

The format of the novel in letters, presented by Dostoevsky, has distinctive feature: we hear the direct speech of the heroes, their attitude to the surrounding reality, their own assessment events taking place, while Subjective opinion the author is missing. The reader is invited to understand the situation for himself and draw conclusions regarding the characters’ characters and actions. We are seeing the development of two storylines. The identity of the characters' patronymics hints at the similarity of their destinies. At the same time, if Dobroselova remains at the same level throughout the narrative, then Devushkin grows spiritually and is transformed.

Lack of money and adversity did not destroy the most important thing in the soul of the “little man” - the ability to compassion and mercy. Increased self-esteem, awakening self-awareness leads to a rethinking of one’s life and the life around us.

Some memoirists suggested that the idea for “Poor People” arose from Dostoevsky during his years studying at the Engineering School. But in January and November 1877, Dostoevsky twice stated in the “Diary of a Writer” that “Poor People” was begun in 1844 “suddenly,” “at the beginning of winter,” and this evidence must be considered more reliable. As can be seen from Dostoevsky’s letter to his brother dated September 30, 1844, the latter was previously only familiar with his dramatic plans, and the message about the work younger brother over the novel should have been unexpected for M. M. Dostoevsky.

Dostoevsky. Poor people. Audiobook

Most likely (even if we attribute the emergence of the first thoughts about the novel to an earlier time), Dostoevsky began working closely on “Poor People” in January 1844, shortly after completing the translation of “Eugenia Grande” Balzac. Having worked on the novel in the spring and summer of 1844 and at that moment considering his work close to completion, on September 30 Dostoevsky finally decided to reveal his secret to his brother, to whom he wrote: “I have hope. I am finishing a novel in the volume of “Eugenie Grandet”. The novel is quite original. I’m already rewriting it, by the 14th I’ll probably get an answer for it. I'll give it to O<течественные>h<аписки>", (I am satisfied with my work)<…>. I would tell you more about my novel, but there’s no time...”

However, the hope of finishing and even submitting the novel to the editor by October 14 did not materialize, and intensive creative work over it continued until the beginning of May 1845. D. V. Grigorovich, who settled with Dostoevsky in the fall (late September) of 1844 in the same apartment, recalls the work on “Poor People” that took place before his eyes: “Dostoevsky<…>spent whole days and part of the night desk. He didn’t say a word about what he was writing; he answered my questions reluctantly and laconically; Knowing his isolation, I stopped asking. I could only see many sheets of paper written in the handwriting that distinguished Dostoevsky: the letters fell from his pen like beads, like drawn<…>Hard work and persistent sitting at home had an extremely harmful effect on his health...”

On March 24, 1845, Dostoevsky wrote about the novel to his brother: “I finished it completely almost in November, but in December I decided to redo it all: I remade and rewrote it, but in February I began again to clean it up, smooth it out, insert it and release it. About halfway through March I was ready and happy. But this is a different story: a censor is not hired for less than a month. You can't review it before. They are swamped with work. I took the manuscript back, not knowing what to decide.<…>I am seriously pleased with my novel. This thing is strict and slender. There are, however, terrible shortcomings.”

The novel had at least two draft editions, the first of which, completed in November 1844, was radically revised in December. The second edition was subjected to February-March 1845 and later, after its complete copying, in the period from mid-March to early May, new corrections. It was only by May 4, 1845 that the novel was finally completed. On this day, Dostoevsky informed his brother: “This novel of mine, which I can’t get rid of, has given me such work that if I had known, I would not have started it at all. I decided to transport him again, and, by God, for the better; he almost doubled his winnings. But now it is over, and this crossing was the last. I gave my word not to touch him.” Here Dostoevsky wrote that he intended to give the novel to " Domestic notes”, and then reprint it at your own expense in a separate publication.

Having finished copying the novel completely at the end of May 1845, Dostoevsky read it to Grigorovich “in one sitting and almost without stopping.” “Admired beyond belief” and realizing how much higher Dostoevsky’s novel was than what he himself had “written so far,” Grigorovich, who not long before had published his first essay “Petersburg Organ Grinders” in the program collection of writers of the “natural school” - N. A. Nekrasov “Physiology of St. Petersburg” (1844), handed over the manuscript of “Poor People” to Nekrasov, recommending it for the new almanac conceived by the latter. Without stopping, they read “Poor People” together at night, finishing reading in the morning, and the two of them ran to Dostoevsky at four o’clock in the morning to, under the fresh impression of what they had read, inform him of their delight and of Nekrasov’s acceptance of the novel for the almanac. The next day, Nekrasov handed the manuscript to Belinsky with the words: “The new Gogol has appeared!”, which at first aroused the critic’s natural distrust. However, after reading “Poor People,” this distrust dissipated, and Belinsky, having met Nekrasov in the evening, “in excitement, asked to immediately bring the author of “Poor People” to him, whom he warmly greeted at the first meeting, which took place the next day. Even before his personal acquaintance with Dostoevsky, on the morning of the same day, Belinsky told Annenkov, recommending “Poor People” to him as a work of “budding talent”: “... the novel reveals such secrets of life and characters in Rus' that no one had ever dreamed of before.”<…>. This is our first attempt social novel, and done, moreover, as artists usually do, that is, without even suspecting what they are doing.” Belinsky noted the artistic “unconsciousness” and the direct strength of the talent of the young Dostoevsky, according to the writer’s memoirs, and during his first meeting with him: “He spoke fieryly, with burning eyes: “Do you understand?”<…>what did you write?<…>You could only write this with your direct instinct, as an artist, but have you yourself comprehended all this? the terrible truth, which you pointed out to us?<…>And this button that came off, and this minute of kissing the general’s hand - but there is no pity for this unfortunate man, but horror, horror! This gratitude is his horror! This is a tragedy! You touched on the very essence of the matter, you pointed out the most important thing at once. We, publicists and critics, only reason, we try to explain this in words, but you, an artist, with one line, at once in an image, expose the very essence, so that you can feel it with your hand, so that the most unreasoning reader suddenly understands everything! This is the secret of artistry, this is the truth in art! This is the artist's service to the truth! The truth was revealed and proclaimed to you as an artist, it was given to you as a gift, so appreciate your gift and remain faithful and you will be a great writer!..”.” (Diary of a writer. 1877. January. Ch. 2. § 4).

On June 7, 1845, Dostoevsky’s novel, highly appreciated by Belinsky and Nekrasov, was transferred by Nekrasov to the censor A.V. Nikitenko (whom he asked to take over the censorship of the “Petersburg Collection”) with a request to view the manuscript “at least by the month of September.” In a letter to the censor, Nekrasov incidentally recommended the novel to him as “extremely wonderful.”

While preparing the novel for a separate publication in 1847, Dostoevsky subjected it to stylistic editing and shortened the lengths noted in the first printed text by Belinsky and other critics. The novel also underwent stylistic revisions (less significant) in 1860 and 1865. during Dostoevsky's preparation of the first two collected works.

In 1846, Dostoevsky's novel "Poor People" was first published. We offer a brief summary of it to the reader. Work on it was carried out in 1844-1845. The work "Poor People" by Dostoevsky was written in the genre of epistolary novel.

Makar Alekseevich Devushkin

47-year-old Makar Alekseevich Devushkin serves as a minor clerical official (scribe) in a department in St. Petersburg. His salary is small, so he occupies only part of the common kitchen in an apartment in a house located near Fontanka. This house is “major” and of good quality, but Devushkin recalls his previous housing, “incomparably better” than the current one. What made the titular adviser worsen his living conditions? The bulk of his salary goes to pay for an expensive and decent apartment, which is located in the courtyard of the same house. Varvara Alekseevna Dobroselova, a distant relative of the official, lives there for 27 years.

Relationship between Makar and Varenka

The orphan is Varenka from the work "Poor People" by Dostoevsky. A brief summary of her relationship with Makar boils down to the fact that he patronizes Varenka with the best intentions, believing that he is the only one who can stand up for this girl, although they live very close distant relatives. In order not to compromise Varenka with frequent visits, he finds a way to constantly communicate with her. It became correspondence. Makar Alekseevich and Varenka, both of a subtle spiritual organization of nature who need warmth of soul and empathy, correspond with each other at the first opportunity. These letters (31 from Devushkin and 24 from Varenka) tell the entire six-month history of their relationship in the work “Poor People” by Dostoevsky. We will briefly describe them now.

Makar's first letters

Makar's first letters are permeated with reckless happiness. Spring is on the street, the soul and heart of the official are filled with “pleasant”, “intricate” thoughts. He is very glad to have the opportunity to take care of the girl, and “tender dreams” willy-nilly come to his mind. Devushkin saves, trying to spend every extra penny for the benefit of Varenka’s existence.

Varenka's story

Financial and spiritual support for this girl is also contributed by her sad letters, in which Varenka talks in all colors about the misfortune of her life. She was born and raised in the village, in the house of the manager of a landowner's estate. The father was soon left without salary and place, so the family was forced to move to St. Petersburg. The “angry”, “dreary”, “rotten” city did not impress 14-year-old Varenka at all. The family was soon beset by problems from all sides. Varenka's father died, unable to survive constant failures. I had to give up the house to pay off the debts. Varenka and her mother settled with Anna Feodorovna, distant relative. The girl's mother worked hard so as not to be a burden.

Lessons with a student

To improve her education, Varenka studied with a student who lived in the same house. Pyotr Pokrovsky (that was his name) suffered from consumption. He made his living by giving private lessons. The girl idolized him, considering him “most worthy,” “ kindest person". "The landowner Bykov, her close acquaintance, placed Peter in a boarding house with Anna Fedorovna.

How does the story of Varenka, the heroine of the novel "Poor People" continue? The summary further tells that she and the student were brought closer educational classes. When Varenka’s mother fell ill from overwork and fell ill, they spent time together at her bedside. Varenka learned a lot from Peter. The girl fell in love with reading. Suddenly, a new grief came: having failed to overcome his illness, the student died. Heartless Anna Fedorovna decided to take all his things to pay for the funeral arrangements. The young man's father nevertheless took several books that he managed to carry away. He cried, ran after the coffin, and the books fell straight into the dirt from his hands...

The hardships that befell Varenka

After this, many hardships befell Varenka from the novel “Poor People.” Their summary is as follows. Anna Fedorovna constantly reproached the hangers-on for freeloading. Varenka’s mother soon died, and the girl was left alone. A “virtuous” relative “billed” her, announcing large losses incurred due to the presence of unexpected relatives in her house. Considering that Varenka’s pimping with the landowner Bykov, her friend, was the only way to recoup them, Anna Fedorovna decided to carry out her plan. The landowner deflowers the girl, but she manages to escape.

Varya, in letters to Makar, laments that her relative is trying to find out where she lives. The girl hopes that Makar Alekseevich, her only support, will protect her from the machinations of her insidious relative. Varenka’s sadness gnaws at her so much that she nervous soil falls ill and spends a whole month unconscious. Makar Alekseevich is selling his new uniform in order to maintain the girl’s health.

The position of the main character in the service

Devushkin’s difficult situation in the service is further described by Dostoevsky (“Poor People”). Content reply letters Varenki, in which he talks about his life, is the source from which we learn about this. The main character complains that he is treated with laughter at the service, they come up with various offensive epithets: “quiet,” “kind,” “meek.” And his uniform is not the same, and his boots, and his figure, and his hair should have been altered. They mock that Makar has been copying documents for 30 years. He doesn't understand these jokes. Varenka is the only outlet for Makar. He writes shyly and joyfully that it was as if the Lord had blessed him with a home and family. But Makar, the hero created by F. M. Dostoevsky (“Poor People” is the writer’s first novel), is a little shy about his style.

Makar's home, his gifts to Varenka

He describes his home to the girl, which he characterizes as a slum: a long, dirty, dark corridor with a “pungently sweetened,” “rotten” smell. It is not surprising that the siskins die in it. On the left side there are all doors, and behind them live different people. This is an official with his family, an English teacher, French gamblers. Devushkin characterizes the owner of the apartment as a “real witch.”

He says that only “for convenience” he huddles in a corner of the kitchen, because Varenka’s window is opposite it. The main character is very happy when her “pretty face” flashes outside the window. He allegedly saves and saves money. Although, of course, it’s cheaper behind a partition, and main character can even afford tea with sugar. Makar bought pots of geraniums and balsam for dear Varenka. In addition to the letter, Devushkin sends Varya a pound of sweets.

The girl is delighted with the flowers, but reproaches Makar for waste. Varenka realizes that for this Devushkin has to deny himself everything. The owner of the apartment once blurted out to her that Makar Alekseevich used to live much better. The girl ironically cools the ardor of the protagonist with his gifts and worries: only poetry is missing. Makar is confused, he explains that he was “inspired” only by fatherly affection. On June 10, Devushkin takes Varenka for a walk to the islands so that she can relax in the fresh air.

Persecution of Anna Fedorovna

Returning home, the heroine writes another letter, in which she thanks for the perfect promenade, but reports that she is sick again, as she got her feet wet. Devushkin promises to visit her and bring Varenka a book. She again tries to reason with him by asking him not to spend so much money on her and to buy a new uniform. After all, you can’t walk around in such rags. Varenka says that her relative found out where she lives and calls her back. She promises to settle everything with Bykov. However, the girl is adamant. She tells Anna Fedorovna that she lives well here under the protection of Makar.

Makar's introduction to literature

The main character is flattered that he is needed. He tells the girl that he admires literature and spends hours with Ratazyaev, his neighbor, in the company of writers who come to him. Varenka is indignant when she finds out what books Ratazyaev recommends to Makar. She sends him to read" Stationmaster"Pushkin. Makar is delighted with this work, he notes that he feels exactly the same as described in the book. On June 6, Varenka introduces Devushkin to Gogol’s “The Overcoat,” and Makar takes Varenka to the theater on the same day.

Varenka's fears from the work "Poor People"

The chapter-by-chapter summary describes only the main events, so we will not dwell in detail on the impression made on the main character classical literature, and continue to describe the plot. The girl reports that Fedora, the owner of the apartment, can get her a job as a governess in the landowner's family, but she doubts whether she should go. The girl has a bad cough and is afraid that she will die. Varya asks Devushkin to save his money and stop sending her candy. She writes that she embroidered a carpet, for which they give 50 rubles in banknotes. Therefore, she herself will be able to pay Fedora the amount that Makar owes for housing. In addition, Varenka will sew a vest for the girl and a new dress for herself.

Makar encourages the girl, saying that she is not sick at all, but only pale and has lost a little weight. He asks not to become a governess, since for the main character her “usefulness” lies in Varenka’s “beneficial influence” on his life.

Lack of money and drunkenness Makar

At the beginning of July, Makar is left completely without money. He borrowed his salary in advance, but this does not help. Increasingly, the guests of the house mock Makar’s relationship with Varenka. And then the girl reports that one officer, her neighbor, made her an unambiguous proposal.

The summary of the story “Poor People” continues with the fact that Makar started drinking in despair. He doesn’t appear at work or at Varenka’s for 4 days. The main character is found drunk on the street. The police bring him home. In addition, he went to the officer to sort things out, but he only pulled him down the stairs. The girl laments that she brought such misfortune to Makar. She asks him, despite the gossip, to continue coming to her for dinner. Devushkin passes through August without money and drunkenness. Makar has been trying unsuccessfully to borrow at interest since the beginning of the month. New ladies' men visit Varvara, this time from her distant relative. Makar desperately wants to move somewhere with her, but he starts drinking again. The girl is inconsolable. She sends him 30 kopecks in silver, which she has left.

Coming of autumn

The main characters described by Dostoevsky (“Poor People”) evoke sincere sympathy. A summary of the chapters, unfortunately, cannot convey the touching tone of their letters. Reading them, you understand how difficult it was for honest and modest workers at that time. Varya writes on September 5 that autumn has finally arrived. And she loved her very much when she lived in her native village. It was beautiful in the autumn in the open air. A fiery sunset sky, a clear lake with trees on the shore, fallen leaves and white steam rising above the water... And when autumn is late, peasant work is completed. On the eve of winter, everything comes to a standstill. Varya writes that the feeling near death doesn't leave her. Fedora has gone somewhere, and someone is walking around in the room, but the girl is not afraid: the letters distract her. Varenka also reports that she sold her hat and dress, but there is almost no money left. It’s good that Devushkin gave 2 rubles to Fedora: at least for a while she won’t blame her for not paying for the apartment.

Makar forms a syllable

The main character writes that he was walking in his evening thoughts along the chaotic and dirty Fontanka embankment. And on Gorokhovaya, located next door, there are rich shops, luxurious ladies, expensive carriages. He thinks about why work is rewarded so low, and many idle rich people are happy and well-fed? Devushkin is proud of these arguments. He notices that recently he has been developing a syllable. The main character was found to have made a typo in the document, and he was awaiting punishment. However, looking at Makar’s pitiful appearance, the general even gave him 100 rubles. The main character is gnawing at his conscience for his recent freethinking. With this money he manages to pay off his debts. Devushkin perked up and lives with hope for a bright future. However, it is by no means happy ending prepares for his readers F. M. Dostoevsky (“Poor People”). A summary of further events makes the reader sincerely sympathize with Makar and Varenka. What was happening was natural in the Russian reality of that time, in which many “little people” like Devushkin and Varenka faced a similar fate.

Varenka is leaving

Describing summary novel "Poor People", we have come to the end. Bykov finally finds Varenka and proposes to her. He needs to have children in order to disinherit a relative. If the girl refuses, Bykov will marry a rich merchant's wife. The heroine agrees, realizing that only this can restore her good name. Devushkin is completely smitten, but still helps Varenka get ready for the trip. IN farewell letter the girl complains that Makar, the “only”, “priceless”, “kind”, remains completely alone. He's desperate. He reports that he worked because Varenka lived nearby. Devushkin with his formed syllable is left alone. He reflects on “by what right” do they destroy “human life.”

It should be noted that in Russian literature there is not only a novel, but also a story called “Poor People” (Leo Tolstoy). We have described a brief summary of Dostoevsky's work. If you are interested in Tolstoy's story, we note that it is very small in volume, so it will not be difficult for you to read it in the original. It tells the story of Jeanne, who waits every day for the return of her husband, a fisherman, and is never sure that he will return. This is the summary of Tolstoy's story "Poor People" in a nutshell.

L.N. Tolstoy is one of greatest writers world, thinker. He wrote a lot wonderful works. The story “Poor People” made a special impression on me.

In the work of L.N. Tolstoy's “Poor People” at first glance speaks of homeless, unhappy, abandoned people. But is it? The main characters of the story are Zhanna and her husband, a fisherman.

They have five children. All of them live together in a fisherman's, clean, warm and cozy hut.

Zhanna is a very thrifty and caring wife. She worries about her husband, who, without sparing himself, fishes in the cold and storm just to feed his family. A neighbor lives next to them. Zhanna is very worried about her, because she has two children, and there is also an illness. Deciding to check on her, she sees a dead body, and next to her are two small, curly-haired, thick-necked children. They were wrapped in an old scarf and their mother's dress. Zhanna felt sorry for the children. Having decided on a rash act, she takes off the cradle and takes it home. Zhanna herself does not understand how and why she did this.

But she could not ignore other people’s grief, because she knew that it was not easy for her mother. It's very hard to die knowing what depends on you future life children. At first she was afraid of what her husband would say, because they themselves have a rather large family. When he returned, Zhanna said that her neighbor had died and she was left with children. Without thinking twice, he decided to take them.

This work real example kindness, mercy and nobility. The heroes of the story are generous! They took on serious responsibility. So are these people really poor? I believe these two people are the richest! There is a lot of love, warmth, sincerity and understanding in their hearts. They are rich in the spiritual world! And it doesn’t matter at all how much they have material resources. Their pure souls and hearts will help them overcome all adversity, failures and falls. Together they are the most powerful force for good.

The author wanted to convey to us that we need to live in peace, harmony, help each other, and do good! This little secret will help you in life! By helping people, you yourself will feel good about it. Give people a smile, do good, and the world will become a little brighter and better!

Effective preparation for the Unified State Exam (all subjects) - start preparing

Updated: 2017-11-10

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