What is the raw material of the fabric. Designation of abbreviations in the composition of types of tissues (fibers)

Memo on deciphering labels on clothes.

In the United States, temperatures are indicated in conjunction with the wash symbol with dot notations, descriptions and definitions of which are given below:

Instructions on garment labels for washing:

In addition to the above temperature regimes, there are others, denoted by the corresponding numbers in the "basin" icon: for example, you can see 95 (it is possible to wash even with boiling), 70 and 60. The horizontal stripes at the bottom have similar meanings. In some countries (USA and Canada), dots are used instead of numerical values, when one dot means 30 °, and each new one increases the value by 10, and so on to 70, and 6 dots means 95 ° C.

Clothes for ironing:

Meaning of the symbols on the centrifuge drying (and spinning) labels:

Legend on natural drying garment labels:

Bleaching garment label markings:

Meanings of indications on labels for dry cleaning (professional cleaning):

Fabric composition designation (English / German)

Co Cotton / Baumwolle - cotton.
Li Linen-Flax / Lein - linen.
GREEN COTTON - eco-friendly cotton, without harmful "chemicals"
WO Wool / Wolle - wool
SE Silk / Seide - silk.

Fabric composition table:

Antipilling treatment - treatment of the material that makes it resistant to "stalling".

AC Acetato / Acetate / Acetat / Acetate - acetate fiber

AF Sonstige fasem / Another fiber / Autres fibers and EA other fibers

CA Canapa / Hemp / Hant / Chanvre - fiber from hemp, hemp

Charmeuse (locknit) - lightweight and durable woven fabric

Co Cotone / Cotton / Baumwolle / Coton - cotton

COTTON is cotton. One of the types natural fibers vegetable origin. Obtained from the fiber covering the cotton seeds.

Cotton Brushed Twill - brushed woven cotton fabric.

Cotton Canvas is a strong, coarse and dense cotton fabric made from thick yarns in plain weave with windproof properties.

Cotton Combed is a cotton material that has been specially treated to give extra softness.

Cotton Corduroy - corduroy. Dense pile cotton fabric with a weft pile produced from a relatively fine yarn. Corduroy has pile ridges on the front side, running along the warp threads.

Cotton Heavy Jersey is a dense, warm cotton jersey fabric, usually with the addition of polyester, with a "fleece" on inside... Indicator of surface density from 160 to 260 g / m2.

Cotton Jersey Pique is a crisp, ribbed cotton fabric with "brushed" lining on the inside. It is produced by combined or one and a half layer weave.

Cotton Jacquard is a woven cotton material with a coarsely patterned (jacquard) weave of fibers, giving it a greater density and original appearance.

Sotton Needle-Out Knit - cotton jersey with striped work.

Сtton Ottoman is an elastic cotton jersey with a transverse seal on the inside of the garment.

Cotton Pique is a thick, ribbed cotton fabric. It is produced using several warp and weft systems. Each of the systems, located one above the other, forms a layer of tissue.

Cotton Рорcorn Knit - cotton knitwear with an unusual weave of fibers, similar to a terry towel, making the material warmer and more original.

Cotton Ribb - stretch cotton jersey with pinstripe production with higher dimensional stability.

Cotton Single Jersey is a thin cotton jersey with an areal weight of 160 to 180 g / m2.

Cotton Twill is a woven cotton fabric.

Cotton Waffle Knil - honeycomb cotton jersey.

Cu Cupro / Cupro / Cupro / Cupro - copper-ammonia fiber

EA Altre fiber / Other fibers and AF other fibers

EL ELASTAN Comma / Bubber / Elastodien / Elastodiene / Elastan / Elasthan / Elasthanne - elastane. Trade name for highly stretchable fiber. The same as elastic.

ESP (Extra Stretch Polyester fiber) is a very strong fiber that is resistant to chlorine and sunlight.

HA Pelo / Hair / Haar / Poil - bristle, hair thread, pile

Heavy TS - poplin, denser and warmer.

Herringbone - "fish bone" or "herringbone". A material with a structure in an oblique rib. Interlock - complex fibers obtained by introducing fibers, usually cotton and polyester, into each other at the structural level.

HL Limisto / Union Linen / Halbleinen / Metis - flax with additives, semi-linen fiber

Jersey Brushed Fleece is a warm knitted fabric, usually cotton with polyester, with a "fleece" on the inside.

Li Lino / Linen-Flax / Flachs, Linen / Lin - linen

Lining - lining.

Ly Laychra / Laycra - lycra. The trade name of the highly stretchable fiber developed by the chemical concern du Pont. The same as elastic.

Ma Modacrilice / Modacrylin / Modacryl / Modacryliqe - modified acrylic

Md Modal / Moadal / Modal / Modal - modified viscose fiber

Ny NYLON Naylon / Polyamide polyamide - nylon. Common name polyamide fibers and materials obtained from solutions or melts of polyamides. It has high strength, wear resistance, elasticity and low linear density. They are resistant to the action of many chemical reagents, they resist well to biochemical influences, they are easily stained. They are low hygroscopic and not resistant to light.

Nylon Micro is a nylon microfiber-based material with high strength, durability and light weight. Able to remove excess moisture from the surface of the body.

Nylon Micro Ribb is a nylon microfiber based material with a striped structure.

Nylon Mini Mesh - nylon mesh. It is usually used as a lining. Increases the removal of moisture from the body surface and air exchange.

Nylon Oxford is a woven nylon whose fibers are perpendicular to each other, thereby achieving strength and increasing wind and moisture protection.

Nylon / PVC - Woven nylon with a PVC coating on the inside for extra density and water resistance.

Nylon Ripstop is a woven nylon with a "checkered" structure, which gives the material greater density, wind and moisture protection properties.

Nylon Taslan - Taslan nylon. The trade name of a material based on polyamide microfiber, which has the ability to remove moisture from the surface of the body and improve air exchange.

Nylon Taslan Washed - the same as taslan nylon, only more "wrinkled" and softer (washed nylon).

Nylon Twill is a tough, woven nylon material that is highly durable due to the plain weave of the fibers.

Outer - the top, the outer part of the product.

Me Metall / Metal / Meta - metallized thread

PA Acrilica / Polyacrylic / Polyacryl / Acrylique / Acrilico / Acrylic - acrylic

PE Polietilen / Polyethylene / Polietileno - polyethylene fiber

PL POLYESTER Poliestere / Polyester / Polyester - polyester. Common name polyester fibers and materials obtained from melts of polyethylene terephthalate. Possesses high strength and wear resistance. It retains its shape well and does not wrinkle much, it is resistant to light. Low hygroscopic.

Polyester Microfiber is a fabric based on polyester microfiber with excellent moisture release properties due to the special weaving of ultra-fine fibers. The material protects well from wind and rain.

Polyester Mini Mesh - polyester mesh. It is usually used as a lining. Increases the removal of moisture from the body surface and air exchange.

Polyesler Peach Washer - Same as Poliester Microfiber, but more velvety.

Polyesler Polar Fleece - polyester fleece (polar fleece), unstructured "felted" polyester. Possesses high thermal insulation properties, strength and abrasion resistance, as well as low crease.

Polyesler / PVC - a fabric based on polyester with an additional treatment with polyvinyl chloride on the inside, which gives the product additional density and water resistance.

Polyesler Tricot is a polyester jersey with elasticity and high strength characteristics. A product made of this material retains its shape well during wear and after washing.

Polyesler Tricol Shiny - polyester knitwear with a characteristic shine.

POLYAMID is a polyamide. Same as nylon.

PP Polipropilene - polypropylene fiber

PU Poliuretanica / Polyurethane / Polyurethan - polyurethane fiber

RA Ramie - nettle fiber (ramie)

RVC Polyvinylchloride / Polyvinylchlorid - polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride

PVCF Polyvinylchloride fiber - polyvinylchloride fiber

Ribbed Interlock - knitted fabric based on complex fibers with a "ribbed" structure.

RS Rubber artificial - rubber, artificial rubber

JU Juta / Jute - jute

SE Seta / Silk / Seide / Soie - silk

SW Silkworm - silkworm

TA Triacetato / Triacetate / Triacetat - triacetate

TS - poplin, an old abbreviation for a material consisting of cotton and polyester (also called Polycotton); can be both woven and knitted.

Terry (towelling) - terry cloth, usually cotton-based

TR Residut tessili / Textile residual / Restlich Textil / Residu Textile - production weaving residues, the composition is arbitrary

VI Viscosa / Viscose - viscose

WA Angora / Angora (karin) - wool fiber from angora goat

WO Lana / Wool / Woole / Lane / Laine / Wolle - wool

WK Camello / Camel / Kamel / Chamean - camel hair

WL Lama / Liama ​​- llama wool fiber

WM Mohair - Mohair, specially treated wool of angora goat

WS Kashmir / Cashemire / Cashmere / Kaschmir - cashmere

WP Alpaca / Alpaka - alpaca wool

WY Yach / Yak / Yack - yak wool

Editorial response

Any factory item has a label, and if there is no label on the product, then this is a reason to think. Most likely, this product is a real fake. By carefully examining the label, you can find out about the country of origin, about the composition of the fabric and about the recommendations for caring for the product.

Manufacturer country

According to Russian legislation, the country of manufacture of the product must always be indicated on the label. Information about the manufacturer is also in the barcode. To date, the most widespread are two bar coding systems - the American system (UPC) and the European coding system - (EAN). The UPC barcode consists of 12 digits, and the EAN barcode consists of 13. According to the EAN code, the first two digits indicate the country of origin of the goods, the next five - the manufacturer, five more - the name of the goods, its consumer properties, dimensions, weight, color. The last digit is used to verify that the scanner reads the strokes correctly.

Fabric structure

On the label of each product there is information about what it is made of and what kind of processing it was.

Cotton

100% Baumwolle, 100% Cotton, 100% reine Baumwolle, 100% pure cotton, 100% cotton means that the raw material (cotton) is only 70%.

Mercerisiert (mercerized) means that the cotton is treated with a solution of caustic soda in special containers, making it smoother, shine and more durable.

Buegelfrei, pflegeleicht (easy to clean, does not require ironing) means that cotton is treated with artificial resins that contain formaldehyde (one of the most allergic substances).

Gebleicht, stone-wasched (bleached)- chlorine bleach was used in the treatment.

Sanigrad, Actifresh, Sanitized (protection against bacteria)- processed with antibiological compounds.

100% kbA Baumwolle, 100% Baumwolle Kontr.Biol.Anbau, 100% organic cotton, 100% organic cotton / organic cotton means that the raw material (cotton) is grown in a controlled biological farm without the use of chemicals, in accordance with strict environmental criteria.

Wool

100% Wolle, 100% reine Wolle, 100% wool, 100% wool, pure wool, 100% wool. This marking is on products containing low-quality wool.

100% (reine) Schurwolle, 100% new wool, lana vergine, virgin wool, sheared wool, natural wool, pure natural wool. Such an inscription means that the product is made of very high quality wool and contains no more than 7% of other fibers.

100% (reine), Reine Schurwolle, 100% pure virgin wool. This marking means cashmere. The product cannot contain more than 0.3% of foreign fibers.

Lambswool (lamb wool)- soft and delicate coat sheared for the first time.

Merinowolle ( merino wool) — wool obtained from fine-fleeced merino sheep, soft and strongly twisted thread.

Alpakka (alpacca)- the product has nothing to do with the wool of alpaca llamas, it was made from woolen remains.

In Russia, the label "natural wool" is allowed to be used only if the wool is obtained from a living healthy animal and the fabric contains no more than 7% of other fibers, and the inscription "pure natural wool" is present only if the fabric contains or yarn not more than 0.3% of other fibers.

Silk

100% Seide (100% silk) - ready-made silk.

100% kbT Seide, organic Seide (100% organic silk) - when growing mulberry trees, no chemicals are used.

Linen

100% Leinen (100% linen) - a thing with such a marking, produced in Europe, can contain up to 50% cotton.

Вuegelfrei (No need iron), pflegeleicht (does not require ironing)- processing of the canvas with artificial resins containing formaldehyde.

Care rules

How to take care of your clothes so as not to spoil them immediately after the first wash? After reading the label, you will find legend, which allow you to find out at what temperature a given thing can be washed, whether it can be ironed, bleached, whether chemical treatment is possible, etc. How to properly care for things - in Infographics Aif.ru.

When choosing a thing and deciding on its purchase, it will be useful to study the labels, one of which, as a rule, contains information about the composition of the fabric.
Why is it necessary and important to know from what fabric this or that thing is sewn? Well, firstly, because it affects our choice of product - the fibers that make up the fabric determine its quality and properties. Secondly, the materials used in the manufacture of clothing often greatly affect its cost. This means that a fabric containing an expensive natural or high-tech fiber will cost more, and this will justifiably affect the price of the product. Third, different fabrics have different features socks and require different care.

The symbols of the fibers that make up the fabric are adopted in accordance with international standards. Very often, the composition of fabrics is indicated by Latin letters. Our table shows all the main symbols and their meanings in order to be free to navigate when reading the label.

Reduction	Decoding	Description	Detailed description
	Lino Linen-Flax Flachs, Linen Lin	linen	Flax is the world's oldest plant fiber. Linen is highly hygroscopic, absorbs moisture quickly and dries just as quickly. In winter, linen clothes keep you warm, and in summer they help you to survive the heat more easily. Linen is several times stronger than cotton, and as a result - high wear resistance of linen clothes, which will last a long time. Linen wrinkles, but not as much as cotton. To avoid this, cotton, viscose or wool fibers are added to it. It does not lose its softness from frequent washing.
HL	Limisto Union linen Halbleinen Metis	flax with impurities, semi-linen fiber	Flaxseed fiber with added other fibers (usually less than 5%).
	Lana Wool Woole Lane Laine Wolle	wool	Wool is a textile fabric that is mainly produced from sheep wool... Wool has low thermal conductivity, so woolen fabrics have very high heat-shielding properties. To ensure high wear resistance of the fabric, synthetic fibers are often added to woolen fibers. Fine wool (lana merinos) - fine and soft, pleasant to the touch and elastic. Control over the quality of woolen yarn, fabric and products made from them is carried out by International Wool Secretariat... After passing this control, the wool manufacturer has the right to put the mark on his products Pure wool or Woolmark- evidence of quality wool.
	Angora Angora (karin)	wool fiber from angora goat	Angora is a very soft and fluffy woolen fabric with a characteristic delicate pile. V pure form angora is practically not used - it is expensive, and the fibers in the yarn, due to their softness and smoothness, do not hold well, the yarn sheds, but in a mixture with wool or acrylic, which are added to increase strength, it is simply ideal. The finest angora is produced in France, Italy and Japan and is used in knitwear, mainly in sweaters and children's clothing. Washing is not recommended.
	Mohair	specially treated mohair wool of angora goat	Mohair is the wool of Angora goats found in Turkey (Angora province), South Africa and the United States. It is one of the warmest and most durable natural materials, at the same time extremely light and silky with a natural persistent natural shine, which remains even when stained, does not fade. Mohair products require careful storage and delicate care.
	Camello Camel Kamel Chamean	camel's wool	The main advantages of camel wool are lightness. It is about 2 times lighter than a sheep's. Low thermal conductivity. Products made from such wool optimally maintain body temperature, warming in the cold and protecting against overheating in the heat. High hygroscopicity allows moisture to be wicked away from the body, leaving the body dry. Due to the high antistatic properties, which of all types of wool is characteristic only of camel wool, the products do not get dirty for a long time, are easy to care for and use.
	Alpaca Alpaka	alpaca	Alpaca is a species of llama. It lives in the Peruvian Andes at an altitude of 4000-5000m in extreme conditions (bright sun, cold wind, sharp temperature changes). Alpaca wool has extraordinary properties: soft, light, with a silky shine, which lasts the entire service life of the product, very warm, with good thermoregulatory properties, strong. Has a wide range of natural colors - 22 shades.
	Lama Liama	llama wool fiber	Llama wool is a protein fiber that does not contain natural oils and lanolin. Llama wool is light and soft, retains heat well. It does not cause allergic reactions, is able to repel water and, unlike other types of wool, regulate its moisture content in a range that is convenient for humans. Llama wool has an exceptional variety of natural shades, from white, ash pink, light brown, gray and silver to dark brown and black. White wool is dyed using natural dyes.
	Kashmir Cashemire Cashmere Kaschmir	cashmere	Cashmere is the finest down (undercoat) of a high-mountain cashmere goat that lives in the region of Tibet and in the province of Kashmir between India and Pakistan. Cashmere goats are also bred in Australia, New Zealand and Scotland, which are obtained by combing them. Cashmere is an exquisite, expensive material that is deservedly called a "wool diamond" for its lightness, tenderness and at the same time warm properties. The raw material consists of threads, only 13-19 microns thick, and from them amazingly delicate gorgeous fiber is created.
WY	Yach Yak Yack	yak wool	Yak wool has a unique ability to keep warm, hygroscopic, soft and lightweight. The wool has good adhesion, excellent stretch and wrinkle resistance. Like camel wool, the down of the Tibetan yak cannot be dyed, it is durable and unpretentious when worn.
	Seta Silk Seide Soie	silk	Natural silk is one of the noblest and most expensive materials... The main property of silk is thermoregulation, i.e. ability to adjust and maintain temperature human body depending on external influences. It can provide good breathability in summer and keep you warm in winter. Silk evaporates moisture very quickly and dries, requires careful handling. Silk sheds a lot when washing, so it should only be washed by hand at 30 degrees and with a soft special means... A silk item must be rinsed well, first in warm, then in cold water... Silk must not be rubbed, squeezed, twisted or dried in a dryer. Wet items are carefully wrapped in a cloth, slightly squeezed out of the water and hung or laid out in a horizontal position. Iron on a certain mode.
	Cotone Cotton Baumwolle Coton	cotton	Cotton is a fiber of plant origin and is a commonly used textile fiber. It is highly preferred due to its many useful properties. Cotton is the worst heat conductor of plant fibers and therefore appears warmer than, for example, flax. Cotton also has good property absorb moisture, which makes cotton products more pleasant to wear, they do not electrify, they are easy to dye and finish. Among the disadvantages are low wear resistance and a high percentage of shrinkage.
PAN	Acrilica Polyacrylic Polyacryl Acrylique Acrilico Acrylic	acrylic	Acrylic is synthetic fiber high quality, produced from petroleum and known in the market as PAN fiber, acrylic, nitron, orlon, prelana, krylor, redon and others. Acrylic in many characteristics and appearance similar to wool, for which it received the name "artificial wool". Combines well with wool. It is a warm, soft, lightweight, delicate and pliable moth-resistant material. Acrylic keeps its shape, perfectly tolerates the effects of both dry cleaning and various weather conditions. It practically does not fade, does not discolor and is perfectly stained, therefore, products from it can be given a bright, saturated color. However, acrylic fabric has a number of disadvantages: pilling, low air permeability.
MA	Modacrilice Modacrylin Modacryl Modacryliqe	modified acrylic	Modacryl is a fiber of chemical origin, modified acrylic fiber from polyacrylic (with a minimum content of 85%) and other vinyl components.
	Poliestere Polyester Polyester	polyester, polyester fiber	Polyester is a synthetic polyester fiber. Has a very useful property it is good to fix the shape when heated, which is very often used when creating folds. However, when heated above 40 degrees, jams can form, which are not easy to get rid of. Polyester is used in various combinations to add durability and an anti-static effect. The most popular blend of polyester and cotton, however, due to its softness and fast drying properties, polyester is added to both wool and rayon.
	Polyamide Naylon	polyamide nylon	Polyamide is the general name for a whole group of various synthetic fibers, including nylon, nylon, silon, and perlon. This is the first "synthetics" on the fabric market. Polyamide fibers are obtained by processing various organic raw materials - oil, natural gas, coal. The main properties of polyamide products: sufficient rigidity, surface smoothness, lightness, high dimensional stability and strength, low light fastness, low hygroscopicity, high wear resistance. Does not wrinkle and dries quickly.
	Viscosa Viscose	viscose	Viscose is a concentrated solution of natural compounds - hydrated cellulose fibers. Viscose fiber is the most versatile of chemical fibers, it is close to cotton. The fiber has a loose structure, resembles silk in appearance, has excellent hygienic properties - it is breathable, has increased hygroscopicity, great strength, and is well ironed. The disadvantages are sharp shine, strong shrinkage during washing, loss of strength when wet. In connection with these, it is not recommended to twist and squeeze strongly. It is used very widely in pure form and in combination with other fibers. The improved viscose fiber is a siblon that is less wrinkled, less shrinkable, durable and shiny.
	Modal Moadal Modal Modal	modified viscose fiber	Modal is a cellulose fiber obtained from wood. It is stronger than viscose, and in terms of hygroscopicity it is one and a half times superior to cotton. Incredibly light - 10,000 meters of this fiber weighs just 1 gram, making it the perfect companion for blended fabrics. Gives a soft shine to fabrics, makes them soft and pleasant. Increases the wear resistance of the fabric, does not fade, does not fade and does not shrink during washing, and also does not lose all its properties after repeated washings. Incredibly comfortable to wear: pleasantly cool and non-irritating. Of the shortcomings, it should be noted: it is slightly inferior in elasticity to viscose and is quite expensive.
LY	Laychra Laycra	lycra	Lycra (in Europe "elastane", in the USA and Canada - "spandex") - a highly elastic synthetic fiber developed by DuPont, is a segmented polyurethane. It is always used in combination with other fibers - natural or artificial, and gives the fabric specific properties, namely, it provides freedom of movement and retains its shape, as well as prevents wrinkling. Washes easily and dries quickly. Only 2% lycra is enough to change the properties of the fabric. Lycra stretches 6-8 times, and when the load stops, it easily returns to its original state.
	Comma Bubber Elastodien Elastodiene Elastan Elasthan Elasthanne	elastane	Elastane is a synthetic polyurethane fiber, the main property of which is extensibility. Elastane is also an unusually strong, fairly thin and wear-resistant fiber. Typically, elastane is used as an adjunct to base fabrics to give garments certain properties... Due to the extensibility, things with a small percentage of elastane fit better on the figure, they are tight, but after stretching they easily return to their original shape. Elastane is quite resistant to various kinds of external influences, and things with its content can last a very long time. The advantages of elastane include the fact that when this fiber is added, things practically do not wrinkle.
	Poliuretanica Polyurethane Polyurethan	polyurethane fiber	Polyurethane fiber - synthetic origin, blends perfectly with other fibers, giving them strength.
RVC	Polyvinylchloride Polyvinylchlorid	polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride	Polyvinyl chloride is a polymer of vinyl chloride. Differs in resistance to chemicals. Does not burn in air, but has low frost resistance down to -15 ° C. Withstands heating up to + 65 ° C. PVC is also often used in clothing and accessories to create a skin-like material that is smooth and shiny.
PVCF	Polyvinylchloride fiber	PVC fiber	Polyvinyl chloride fiber is a fiber of synthetic origin, which is made from solutions of polyvinyl chloride. Resistant to many chemicals, flame retardant. Overalls, non-combustible drapery fabrics, and thermal insulation materials are often made.
PE	Polietilen Polyethylene Polietileno	polyethylene fiber	Polyethylene is a polymer, chemical fiber. This unique material combines valuable properties and recyclability.
AS	Acetato Acetate Acetat Acetate	acetate fiber	Acetate (and triacetate) fibers are man-made. Acetate and triacetate fabrics hold their shape well, are resistant to microorganisms, elastic, and pleasant to the touch. Acetate is part of yarn with cotton, wool, mohair. It is often used as additives to natural fibers to give fabrics elasticity.
TA	Triacetato Triacetate Triacetat	triacetate	Obtained from primary acetate by chemical action. Differs in low hygroscopicity, easy to stain. Does not require ironing, keeps creases well even after washing. They are mainly used for the manufacture of fabrics for ties, tyudya, bedspreads, lace, pleated skirts.
PP	Polipropilene	polypropylene fiber	Polypropylene fiber is a synthetic fiber that is made from polypropylene. Elastic, resistant to bending, has good thermal insulation properties, resistant to action chemical substances... Polypropylene is used for the manufacture of ropes, nets, carpets, blankets, fabrics for outerwear, knitwear, filters.
RA	Ramie	nettle fiber (ramie)	Rami is a high quality natural thread similar to linen, smooth with a beautiful matte effect. Obtained from Chinese nettle. Ramie fiber has good strength, does not rot, and can be used for making ropes and sail fabric. The shine of ramie fiber resembles silk, it is easy to dye without losing its silkiness, therefore it can be used in expensive fabrics. Often used in denim as an additive.
CA	Canapa Hemp Hant Chanvre	hemp fiber, hemp	Hemp fiber - hemp fiber found in the bast layer. In terms of hygroscopic, anti-electrostatic and high physical and mechanical properties, hemp is close to flax fiber. Characterized by strength and resistance to salt water. It is often used in a mixture with linen for household fabrics (sheets, towels, tablecloths, etc.).
JU	Juta Jute	jute	Jute is a plant fiber extracted from the jute plant. The main property of jute is hygroscopicity. Today, jute is used mainly for the manufacture of ropes, twines, sack containers, different types furniture and packaging fabric
HA	Pelo Hair Haar Poil	bristle, hair thread, pile
CU	Cupro Cupro Cupro Cupro	copper ammonia fiber	Copper-ammonia fiber is obtained from cotton fluff and refined wood pulp. In terms of physical and mechanical properties, copper-ammonia fibers are superior to viscose. The fiber is even, smooth, with a soft pleasant shine, is well colored, in a dry state it is stronger than viscose, more resilient and elastic. Copper-ammonia fiber is used in the production of knitwear, and mixed with wool - for the manufacture of fabrics and carpets.
ME	Metall Metal Meta	metallized thread	Metallized thread is a thread made of very thin metal foil, cut into narrow strips and covered with the finest plastic film or metal-sprayed polyester fiber. Colored in different colors... Mixes with other fibers for strength or decorative effect.
Rs	Rubber artificial	rubber, artificial rubber	Just like natural rubber is made from latex, artificial rubber is made from synthetic latex.
TR	Residut tessili Textile residual Restlich textil Residu Textile	production weaving residues, composition is arbitrary
AF EA	Sonstige fasem Another fiber Autres fibers Altre fiber Other fibers	other fibers	Additional fibers, which are added to the main ones, with a percentage of less than 5%.

If the fabric contains several fibers, then they are indicated in descending order of their content in the fabric, for example, 65% polyester, 35% silk.

If the product is made from a single fiber, the manufacturer has the right to use the word "All" instead of "100%". For example: 100% Polyester - 100% Polyester or All Polyester.

But there are exceptions to this rule: wool or recycled wool must always be reported as a percentage, even if the content is less than 5%. And also the manufacturer has the right to indicate the name of the fiber and its percentage if the fiber has a specific functionality. For example, if a small amount of spandex is added for elasticity, the label says 96% Cottone, 4% Spandex.

The manufacturer indicates the composition of the fabric for each part of the product, including the top, lining and filling. It is also useful to know that Lining Is a lining fabric, Interlining- insert, additional lining to clothes, and Filling- filling, filler.

Any factory item has a label, and if there is no label on the product, then this is a reason to think. Most likely, this product is a real fake. By carefully examining the label, you can find out about the country of origin, about the composition of the fabric and about the recommendations for caring for the product.

Manufacturer country

According to Russian legislation, the country of manufacture of the product must always be indicated on the label. Information about the manufacturer is also in the barcode. To date, the most widespread are two bar coding systems - the American system (UPC) and the European coding system - (EAN). The UPC barcode consists of 12 digits, and the EAN barcode consists of 13. According to the EAN code, the first two digits indicate the country of origin of the goods, the next five - the manufacturer, five more - the name of the goods, its consumer properties, dimensions, weight, color. The last digit is used to verify that the scanner reads the strokes correctly.

Fabric structure

On the label of each product there is information about what it is made of and what kind of processing it was.

Cotton

100% Baumwolle, 100% Cotton, 100% reine Baumwolle, 100% pure cotton, 100% cotton means that the raw material (cotton) is only 70%.

Mercerisiert (mercerized) means that the cotton is treated with a solution of caustic soda in special containers, making it smoother, shine and more durable.

Buegelfrei, pflegeleicht (easy to clean, does not require ironing) means that cotton is treated with artificial resins that contain formaldehyde (one of the most allergic substances).

Gebleicht, stone-wasched (bleached)- chlorine bleach was used in the treatment.

Sanigrad, Actifresh, Sanitized (protection against bacteria)- processed with antibiological compounds.

100% kbA Baumwolle, 100% Baumwolle Kontr.Biol.Anbau, 100% organic cotton, 100% organic cotton / organic cotton means that the raw material (cotton) is grown in a controlled biological farm without the use of chemicals, in accordance with strict environmental criteria.

Wool

100% Wolle, 100% reine Wolle, 100% wool, 100% wool, pure wool, 100% wool. This marking is on products containing low-quality wool.

100% (reine) Schurwolle, 100% new wool, lana vergine, virgin wool, sheared wool, natural wool, pure natural wool. Such an inscription means that the product is made of very high quality wool and contains no more than 7% of other fibers.

100% (reine), Reine Schurwolle, 100% pure virgin wool. This marking means cashmere. The product cannot contain more than 0.3% of foreign fibers.

Lambswool (lamb wool)- soft and delicate coat sheared for the first time.

Merinowolle (merino wool) - wool obtained from fine-fleeced merino sheep, soft and strongly twisted thread.

Alpakka (alpacca)- the product has nothing to do with the wool of alpaca llamas, it was made from woolen remains.

In Russia, the label "natural wool" is allowed to be used only if the wool is obtained from a living healthy animal and the fabric contains no more than 7% of other fibers, and the inscription "pure natural wool" is present only if the fabric contains or yarn not more than 0.3% of other fibers.

Silk

100% Seide (100% silk) - ready-made silk.

100% kbT Seide, organic Seide (100% organic silk) - when growing mulberry trees, no chemicals are used.

Linen

100% Leinen (100% linen) - a thing with such a marking, produced in Europe, can contain up to 50% cotton.

Вuegelfrei (No need iron), pflegeleicht (does not require ironing)- processing of the canvas with artificial resins containing formaldehyde.

Care rules

How to take care of your clothes so as not to spoil them immediately after the first wash? After reading the label, you will find symbols that allow you to find out at what temperature a given thing can be washed, whether it can be ironed, bleached, whether chemical treatment is possible, etc. How to properly care for things - in Infographics Aif.ru.

Fabrics. Translated from German.

Acetat - Viscose with acetate base. Chemical fiber with a silk sheen - light and smooth, easy to wash, dimensionally stable.
Acryl - Acrylic, paper synthetic fiber, form-stable, moth-proof.
Angora - The fine coat of a long-haired angora goat or angora rabbit.
Baumwolle - Cotton, natural body-friendly fabric.
Diolen - Diolen, synthetic threads and fabrics with good qualities washing and socks. Used to make permanent pleats on suits, skirts and dresses.
Dolan - Dolan, a synthetic fiber used to make high quality apparel and jewelry.
Dorlastan - Dorlastan, synthetic fiber, permanent elasticity and shape retention.
Dralon - Dralon, keeping warm soft synthetic fabric, easy to wash, dries quickly, dimensional stability.
Elasthan - Elastane, an elastic synthetic material (polyurethane fibers) with a stretch ratio of 500-700%
Eulan - Chemical ingredient for woolen products such as carpets, blankets, rugs, etc. with an anti-moth effect.
Fell - Skin.
Flachs - Linen.
Fleece - Fleece, warm polyester fabric that is comfortable to the body. Convenient to care for.
Gore-tex - Gore-tex, incomparable as our skin, waterproof and windproof, the skin underneath breathes.
Jacquard - jacquard (patterned) fabric.
Kaschmir - Kashmir, very fine high quality cashmere goat wool.
Knautschleder - Crumpled (crumpled) leather.
Kunstleder - Leather substitute.
Kunstseide - Rayon (rayon).
Lackleder - Patent leather.
Leder - Leather made from animal skins, soft and elastic, with all-round applications.
Lein - Flax.
Leinen - Linen is a natural, skin-friendly fabric with a wrinkled effect.
Lycra - Lycra, a lightweight, synthetic, stretch fiber used in underwear, hosiery and swimwear.
Microfasern - The blend of natural and chemical fibers makes the fabric form-stable and easy to care for, without compromising the comfort feeling during wear.
Modacryl - Modacryl, modified acrylic fiber from polyacryl (min. 85%) and other vinyl components.
Modal - Modal, a special viscose fiber with a high water-repellent effect. Taken individually, it is very charming.
Mohair - Mohair, fine woven wool of angora goat.
Naturseide - Natural Silk.
Nylon - Nylon, a synthetic fiber that absorbs little water, dries quickly, does not need to be ironed, is moth resistant and does not wrinkle. Does not tear, flutter or crack.
Obertrikotagen - Knitwear.
Pannesamt - Panne velvet.
Perlon - Perlon, a man-made silk fiber with characteristics similar to nylon.
Polyacryl - Fully synthetic soft-pile fabric with a high degree of water repellency and high resistance to heat and other weathering. Good performance when wearing.
Polyamid - Polyamide, a pure synthetic fabric for versatile use, often used for lining. Exceptional tensile strength and high degree of wear.
Polyäthylen - Polyethylene, a fully synthetic fiber used to make back side carpets and seat coverings, and as a replacement material for burlap.
Polyester - Polyester, a pure synthetic fabric that retains its shape, is easy to clean and does not wrinkle, very durable.
Polyurethan - Polyurethane, synthetic fabric that blends perfectly with other fabrics.
Ramie - Ramie, a flax-like natural cellulose fiber.
Samt - Velvet.
Schweinsleder - Pigskin.
Seide - Silk, a noble natural fiber from a silkworm cocoon, a sheen fabric.
Spitzen - Lace.
Schurwolle - natural [sheared] wool (eg sheep).
Trikotagen - Knitwear.
Twill - Twill (Italian sargia, French serge, from Latin sericus - silk), 1) fabric of twill weave of natural or chemical fibers; it is produced mainly one-colored and printed.
Untertrikotagen - Knitted underwear.
Veloursleder - Suede, elastic soft leather.
Viskose - Viscose, chemically refined cellulose.
Wirkwaren - Knitwear.
Wolle - Wool, thin-woven wool of a sheep or other animal that is breathable. Feeling comfortable to wear.
Wollstoff - Wool.

• Antipilling treatment- processing of the material, giving it resistance to "dumping".
• AC Acetato / Acetate / Acetat / Acetate- acetate fiber
• AF Sonstige fasem / Another fiber / Autres fibers as well as EA other fibers
• CA Canapa / Hemp / Hant / Chanvre- fiber from hemp, hemp
• Charmeuse (locknit)- lightweight and durable woven fabric
• Co Cotone / Cotton / Baumwolle / Coton- cotton
• COTTON- cotton. One of the types of natural fibers of plant origin. Obtained from the fiber covering the cotton seeds.
• Cotton Brushed Twill- brushed woven cotton fabric.
• Cotton Canvas- durable, coarse and dense cotton fabric, made of plain weave from thick yarn, with windproof properties.
• Cotton combed- cotton material, which is given additional softness by means of special processing.
• Cotton corduroy- corduroy. Dense pile cotton fabric with weft pile produced from relatively fine yarns. Corduroy has pile ridges on the front side, running along the warp threads.
• Cotton heavy jersey- thick, warm cotton jersey fabric, usually with the addition of polyester, with a "fleece" on the inside. Indicator of surface density from 160 to 260 g / m2.
• Cotton jersey pique- thick cotton ribbed with "brushed" on the inside. It is produced by combined or one and a half layer weave.
• Cotton Jacquard- woven cotton material with a coarsely patterned (jacquard) weave of fibers, giving it a greater density and original appearance.
• Sotton Needle-Out Knit- cotton jersey with striped work.
• Sotton Ottoman- elastic cotton jersey with a cross-seal on the inside of the garment.
• Cotton pique- thick cotton ribbed fabric. It is produced using several warp and weft systems. Each of the systems, located one above the other, forms a layer of tissue.
• Cotton Рорcorn Knit- cotton jersey with an unusual weave of fibers, similar to a terry towel, making the material warmer and more original.
• Cotton ribb- Stretch cotton jersey with pinstripe production with higher dimensional stability.
• Cotton Single Jersey- thin cotton jersey with an areal weight from 160 to 180 g / m2.
  Cotton twill- woven cotton fabric.
• Cotton Waffle Knil- cotton jersey with a honeycomb pattern.
• Cu Cupro / Cupro / Cupro / Cupro- copper-ammonia fiber
• EA Altre fiber / Other fibers as well as AF other fibers
• ELELASTANComma / Bubber / Elastodien / Elastodiene / Elastan / Elasthan / Elasthanne- elastane. Trade name for highly stretchable fiber. The same as elastic.
• ESP (Extra Stretch Polyester fiber)- very strong fiber, resistant to chlorine and sunlight.
• HA Pelo / Hair / Haar / Poil- bristles, hair thread, pile
• Heavy vehicle- poplin, denser and warmer.
• Herringbone- "fish bone" or "herringbone". A material with a structure in an oblique rib. Interlock - complex fibers obtained by introducing fibers, usually cotton and polyester, into each other at the structural level.
• HL Limisto / Union Linen / Halbleinen / Metis- flax with impurities, semi-linen fiber
• Jersey brushed fleece- Warm knitted fabric, usually cotton with polyester, with a "fleece" on the inside.
• Li Lino / Linen-Flax / Flachs, Linen / Lin- linen
• Lining- lining.
• Ly Laychra / Laycra- lycra. The trade name of the highly stretchable fiber developed by the chemical concern du Pont. The same as elastic.
• Ma Modacrilice / Modacrylin / Modacryl / Modacryliqe- modified acrylic
• Md Modal / Moadal / Modal / Modal- modified viscose fiber
• NyNYLONNaylon / Polyamide polyamide - nylon. The general name for polyamide fibers and materials obtained from solutions or melts of polyamides. It has high strength, wear resistance, elasticity and low linear density. They are resistant to the action of many chemical reagents, they resist well to biochemical influences, they are easily stained. They are low hygroscopic and not resistant to light.
• Nylon micro- a material based on nylon microfiber, which has high strength, wear resistance and low weight. Able to remove excess moisture from the surface of the body.
• Nylon Micro Ribb- a material based on nylon microfiber with a striped structure.
• Nylon Mini Mesh- nylon mesh. It is usually used as a lining. Increases the removal of moisture from the body surface and air exchange.
• Nylon oxford- woven nylon, the fibers of which are perpendicular to each other, due to which strength is achieved, and wind and moisture protection properties are increased.
• Nylon / PVC- woven nylon with a polyvinyl chloride coating on the inside, which gives the product extra density and water resistance.
• Nylon ripstop- woven nylon with a "cage" structure, which gives the material a high density, wind and moisture protection properties.
• Nylon taslan- taslan nylon. The trade name of a material based on polyamide microfiber, which has the ability to remove moisture from the surface of the body and improve air exchange.
• Nylon taslan washed- the same as taslan nylon, only more "wrinkled" and softer (washed nylon).
• Nylon twill- durable woven nylon with increased wear resistance due to the plain weave of fibers.
• Outer- top, outer part of the product.
• Me Metall / Metal / Meta- metallized thread
• PA Acrilica / Polyacrylic / Polyacryl / Acrylique / Acrilico / Acrylic- acrylic
• PE Polietilen / Polyethylene / Polietileno- polyethylene fiber
• PLPOLYESTERPoliestere / Polyester / Polyester- polyester. The general name for polyester fibers and materials obtained from polyethylene terephthalate melts. Possesses high strength and wear resistance. It retains its shape well and does not wrinkle much, it is resistant to light. Low hygroscopic.
• Polyester Microfiber- fabric based on polyester microfiber, which has excellent moisture-releasing properties due to the special interweaving of ultra-fine fibers. The material protects well from wind and rain.
• Polyester Mini Mesh- polyester mesh. It is usually used as a lining. Increases the removal of moisture from the body surface and air exchange.
• Polyesler peach washer- the same as Poliester Microfiber, but more velvety.
• Polyesler Polar Fleece- polyester fleece (polar fleece), unstructured "felted" polyester. Possesses high thermal insulation properties, strength and abrasion resistance, as well as low crease.
• Polyesler / PVC- fabric based on polyester with additional treatment with polyvinyl chloride on the inside, which gives the product additional density and waterproofness.
• Polyesler tricot- polyester jersey with elasticity and high strength characteristics. A product made of this material retains its shape well during wear and after washing.
• Polyesler Tricol Shiny- polyester jersey with a characteristic shine.
• POLYAMID- polyamide. Same as nylon.
• PP Polipropilene- polypropylene fiber
• PU Poliuretanica / Polyurethane / Polyurethan- polyurethane fiber
• RA Ramie- nettle fiber (ramie)
  RVC Polyvinylchloride / Polyvinylchlorid- polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride
• PVCF Polyvinylchloride fiber- polyvinyl chloride fiber
• Ribbed interlock- jersey, based on complex fibers with a "elastic" structure.
• RS Rubber artificial- rubber, artificial rubber
• JU Juta / Jute- jute
• SE Seta / Silk / Seide / Soie- silk
• SW Silkworm- silkworm
• TA Triacetato / Triacetate / Triacetat- triacetate
• TS- poplin, an old abbreviation for a material consisting of cotton and polyester (also called Polycotton); can be both woven and knitted.
• Terry (towelling)- terry cloth, usually cotton based
• TR Residut tessili / Textile residual / Restlich Textil / Residu Textile- production weaving leftovers, the composition is arbitrary
• VI Viscosa / Viscose- viscose
• WA Angora / Angora (karin)- wool fiber from angora goat
• WO Lana / Wool / Woole / Lane / Laine / Wolle- wool
• WK Camello / Camel / Kamel / Chamean- camel's wool
• WL Lama / Liama- wool fiber from llama
• Wm mohair- mohair, treated in a special way wool of angora goat
• WS Kashmir / Cashemire / Cashmere / Kaschmir- cashmere
• WP Alpaca / Alpaka- alpaca wool
• WY Yach / Yak / Yack- yak wool