Arguments on the topic "War" to the composition of the Unified State Exam. The impact of war on human life. Memory of the Second World War (Arguments of the exam) Historical memory of the arguments of the exam

Are you here: Insulation for clothes

Many writers in their works turn to the theme of war. On the pages of stories, novels and essays, they preserve the memory of the great feat of Soviet soldiers, about the price at which they won the victory. For example, Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man" introduces the reader to a simple driver - Andrei Sokolov. During the war years Sokolov lost his family. His wife and children were killed and the house was destroyed. However, he continued to fight. Was in captivity, but managed to escape. And after the war he found the strength to adopt an orphaned boy - Vanyushka. “The Fates of a Man” is a work of fiction, but it is based on real events. I am sure that there were a lot of similar stories during those four terrible years. And literature allows us to feel the state of people who have passed these tests, in order to appreciate their feat even more.

Other works on this topic:

Reflections on the Great Patriotic War inspire fear and sadness: tens of millions of victims, hundreds of millions of crippled lives, hunger, deprivation ... But people who know about the war only by hearsay ...
The Great Patriotic War is a special stage in the history of our country. It is associated with both great pride and great sadness. Millions of people died in ...
Indeed, books are essential in the process of growing up a child. Thanks to reading in childhood, a person from an early age acquires the qualities that he needs in life. These are such moral qualities ...
Every year on May 9, residents of Russia celebrate their greatest holiday - Victory Day. On the eve of the city streets are transformed, acquire severity and solemnity: they are preparing for the reception ...
The last war claimed tens of millions of lives, brought pain and suffering to every family. The tragic events of the Great Patriotic War do not cease to excite people to this day. Young generation ...
The text I read was written by Nina Viktorovna Garlanova. the problems raised in the text can be formulated in the form of questions: “What kind of teacher can be called good? Why do students love ...
War is the worst thing that can happen to humanity. But even in our 21st century, people have not learned to solve problems peacefully. And still ...
The Great Patriotic War left scars not only on the body, but also on the souls of Soviet soldiers. It is for this reason that even after years remembering from those ...

Memory is a property necessary for human life, given at birth. Without it, we could not exist, because thanks to our preserved knowledge, we can learn lessons, avoid mistakes. But what role does memory play in the life of an individual? This question is raised by the author of the text, BL Vasiliev.

The writer covers many different problems, but one of the main ones, in my opinion, is the problem of memory.

This problem is relevant because people tend to make mistakes, and the memory of them helps to avoid them in the future. Thus, accumulating experience, a person passes it on to future generations. This knowledge is invaluable, so we must carefully store and pass this precious baggage on.

BL Vasiliev believes that it is necessary to preserve the monuments, customs, because our history is laid in them. All this must be protected for the people, the future generation, for the woman who “every year on June 22 by the earliest train arrives in Brest” and “stands quietly near the marble board”.

Therefore, memory plays an important role.

For example, as in the work of V. V. Bykov "Sotnikov". The main character, as a boy, lied to his father, after which his conscience tormented him. This lie left a deep mark on the memory of the child, and Sotnikov promised himself to act only according to his conscience. That pain of the soul is not forgotten by the hero to the end, which contributed to following the path of moral responsibility, along the path of the hero.

And in the work of BL Vasiliev, "Exhibit No.", the memory of her son is the only link between Anna Fedotovna and her loved one, and it is embedded in letters from the front. This memory is vital for the heroine, and when her letters are stolen, the thread that unites her son and mother breaks, which leads Anna Fedotovna to mental and physical death.

Thus, memory plays an important role in a person's life, therefore, one should take care of it, take care of our history.

True and false patriotism is one of the central problems of the novel. Favorite heroes of Tolstoy do not speak lofty words about love for the motherland, they act in the name of it. Natasha Rostova persuades her mother to give carts to the wounded near Borodino, Prince Bolkonsky was mortally wounded in the Borodino field. Genuine patriotism, according to Tolstoy, is in ordinary Russian people, soldiers who, in a moment of mortal danger, give their lives for their Motherland.
In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" some of the heroes think of themselves as patriots and loudly shout about love for the fatherland. Others give their lives for the sake of common victory. These are simple Russian men in soldier's greatcoats, fighters from the Tushin battery, who fought without cover. True patriots do not think about their benefits. They feel the need to simply defend the land from enemy invasion. They have in their souls a genuine holy feeling of love for their homeland.

NS. Leskov "The Enchanted Wanderer"

According to N.S. Leskov, "racial", patriotic, consciousness. They are imbued with all the actions of the hero of the story "The Enchanted Wanderer", Ivan Flyagin. Being held captive by the Tatars, he never for a minute forgets that he is Russian, and with all his soul strives for his homeland. Taking pity on the unfortunate old people, Ivan voluntarily goes to recruits. The hero's soul is inexhaustible, indestructible. He emerges from all life trials with honor.

V.P. Astafiev
In one of his publicistic articles, the writer V.P. Astafyev talked about how he rested in the southern sanatorium. Plants from all over the world grew in the seaside park. But suddenly he saw three birches, which miraculously took root in a foreign land. The author looked at these trees and recalled his village street. Love for one's small homeland is a manifestation of true patriotism.

The Legend of Pandora's Box.
The woman found a strange box in her husband's house. She knew that this object was fraught with a terrible danger, but her curiosity was so strong that she could not stand it and opened the lid. All sorts of troubles flew out of the box and scattered around the world. This myth sounds a warning to all mankind: rash actions on the path of knowledge can lead to a disastrous ending.

M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog"
In M. Bulgakov's story, Professor Preobrazhensky turns a dog into a man. Scientists are driven by the thirst for knowledge, the desire to change nature. But sometimes progress turns into terrible consequences: a two-legged creature with a "dog's heart" is not yet a man, because there is no soul in him, no love, honor, nobility.

N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace".
The problem is revealed on the example of the images of Kutuzov, Napoleon, Alexander I. A person who is aware of his responsibility to his homeland, people, who knows how to understand them at the right time, is truly great. Such is Kutuzov, such are the ordinary people in the novel who do their duty without lofty phrases.

A. Kuprin. "Wonderful Doctor".
A man, exhausted by poverty, is ready to commit suicide in despair, but the famous doctor Pirogov, who happened to be nearby, speaks to him. He helps the unfortunate, and from that moment on, the life of the hero and his family changes in the happiest way. This story speaks volumes about the fact that the act of one person can affect the fate of other people.

And S. Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons".
A classic that shows the problem of misunderstanding between the older and younger generations. Evgeny Bazarov feels like a stranger and an older Kirsanov, and his parents. And, although, by his own admission, he loves them, his attitude brings them grief.

L. N. Tolstoy. Trilogy "Childhood", "Boyhood", "Youth".
Striving to know the world, to become an adult, Nikolenka Irtenev gradually learns the world, realizes that much in it is imperfect, encounters a misunderstanding of elders, sometimes offends them (chapters "Classes", "Natalya Savishna")

K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram".
The girl Nastya, living in Leningrad, receives a telegram stating that her mother is sick, but the affairs that seem important to her do not allow her to go to her mother. When she, realizing the magnitude of the possible loss, arrives in the village, it is too late: the mother is gone ...

V. G Rasputin "French Lessons".
The teacher Lydia Mikhailovna from the story of V.G. Rasputin taught the hero not only French lessons, but also lessons of kindness, sympathy, compassion. She showed the hero how important it is to be able to share someone else's pain with a person, how important it is to understand another.

An example from history.

The great Emperor Alexander II was taught by the famous poet V. Zhukovsky. It was he who instilled in the future ruler a sense of justice, the desire to benefit his people, the desire to carry out the reforms necessary for the state.

V.P. Astafiev. "A horse with a pink mane."
Difficult pre-war years of a Siberian village. The formation of the hero's personality under the influence of the kindness of his grandmother and grandfather.

V. G Rasputin "French Lessons"

The formation of the personality of the protagonist in the difficult war years was influenced by the teacher. Her spiritual generosity is limitless. She instilled in him moral fortitude, self-esteem.

Leo Tolstoy "Childhood", "Adolescence", "Youth"
In the autobiographical trilogy, the main character, Nikolenka Irteniev, comprehends the world of adults, tries to analyze his own and other people's actions.

Fazil Iskander "The Thirteenth Feat of Hercules"

A smart and competent teacher has a huge impact on the formation of a child's character.

And A. Goncharov "Oblomov"
The atmosphere of laziness, unwillingness to study, to think disfigures the soul of little Ilya. In adulthood, these shortcomings prevented him from finding the meaning of life.

The absence of a goal in life, the habits of work formed a “superfluous person”, “an unwilling egoist”.

The absence of a goal in life, the habits of work formed a “superfluous person”, “an unwilling egoist”. Pechorin admits that he brings misfortune to everyone. Improper upbringing disfigures the human personality.

A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"
Education and training are the main aspects of human life. Chatsky, the main character of the comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". He criticized the nobles who recruited "regiment teachers" for their children, but as a result of literacy, no one "knew and did not study." Chatsky himself had a mind "hungry for knowledge", and therefore turned out to be unnecessary in the society of the Moscow nobles. These are the flaws of wrong parenting.

B. Vasiliev "My Horses Are Flying"
Dr. Jansen died saving children who fell into a sewer pit. The man, who was revered as a saint even during his lifetime, was buried by the whole city.

Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"
Self-sacrifice of Margarita for the sake of her beloved.

V.P. Astafiev "Lyudochka"
In the episode with a dying man, when everyone left him, only Lyudochka took pity on him. And after his death, everyone only pretended that they felt sorry for him, everyone except Lyudochka. A verdict on a society in which people are deprived of human warmth.

M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man"
The story tells about the tragic fate of a soldier who lost all his relatives during the war. One day he met an orphan boy and decided to call himself his father. This act suggests that love and the desire to do good give a person strength for life, strength in order to resist fate.

V. Hugo "Les Miserables"
The writer in the novel tells the story of a thief. After spending the night in the bishop's house, in the morning this thief stole a silver dish from him. But an hour later, the police detained the criminal and took him to the house, where he was given an overnight stay. The priest said that this man did not steal anything, that he took all the things with the permission of the owner. The thief, amazed by what he heard, in one minute experienced a true rebirth, and after that he became an honest man.

Antoine de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince"
There is an example of just power: "But he was very kind, and therefore gave only reasonable orders." If I tell my general to turn into a sea gull, - he used to say, - and if the general does not obey the order, it will not be his fault, but mine. " ...

A. I. Kuprin. "Garnet bracelet"
The author claims that nothing is permanent, everything is temporary, everything passes and leaves. Only music and love affirm the true values on earth.

Fonvizin "Minor"
They say that many noble children, recognizing themselves in the image of the idler Mitrofanushka, experienced a genuine rebirth: they began to study diligently, read a lot and grew up worthy sons of the fatherland.

L. N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace"

What is the greatness of man? It is where goodness, simplicity and justice are. This is exactly what L.N. Tolstoy image of Kutuzov in the novel "War and Peace". The writer calls him a truly great man. Tolstoy takes his beloved heroes away from the "Napoleonic" principles and puts them on the path of rapprochement with the people. "Greatness is not where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth," the writer argued. This famous phrase has a modern sound.
One of the central problems of the novel is the role of personality in history. This problem is revealed in the images of Kutuzov and Napoleon. The writer believes that there is no greatness where there is no kindness and simplicity. According to Tolstoy, a person whose interests coincide with the interests of the people can influence the course of history. Kutuzov understood the mood and desires of the masses, therefore he was great. Napoleon thinks only of his own greatness, therefore he is doomed to defeat.

I. Turgenev. "Notes of a Hunter"
People, having read bright, vivid stories about peasants, realized that it is immoral to own people like cattle. A broad movement for the abolition of serfdom began in the Tran.

Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man"
After the war, many Soviet soldiers who were captured by the enemy were condemned as traitors to their homeland. M. Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man", which shows the bitter lot of a soldier, made society look differently at the tragic fate of prisoners of war. A law was passed on their rehabilitation.

A.S. Pushkin
Speaking about the role of personality in history, one can recall the poetry of the great A. Pushkin. He has influenced more than one generation with his gift. He saw, heard what an ordinary person did not notice and did not understand. The poet spoke about the problems of spirituality in art, and his high appointment was in the poems "The Prophet", "The Poet", "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands." Reading these works, you understand: talent is not only a gift, but also a heavy burden, a great responsibility. The poet himself was an example of civic behavior for subsequent generations.

V.M. Shukshin "Chudik"
"Chudik" is an absent-minded person who may seem ill-mannered. And what prompts him to do strange things are positive, unselfish motives. Chudik reflects on the problems of concern to humanity at all times: what is the meaning of life? What are good and evil? Who in this life is “right, who is smarter”? And by all his actions he proves that he is right, and not those who believe

I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov"
This is the image of a person who only wanted to. He wanted to change his life, he wanted to rebuild the life of the estate, he wanted to raise children ... But he did not have the strength to realize these desires, so his dreams remained dreams.

M. Gorky in the play "At the Bottom".
He showed the drama of "former people" who have lost the strength to fight for their own sake. They hope for something good, they understand that they need to live better, but they do nothing in order to change their fate. It is no coincidence that the action of the play begins in the flophouse and ends there.

From the history

Ancient historians tell that once a stranger came to the Roman emperor, who brought a gift of a shiny, like silver, but extremely soft metal. The master said that he mines this metal from the clay-sting earth. The emperor, fearing that the new metal would devalue his treasures, ordered the inventor's head to be cut off.
Archimedes, knowing that man suffers from drought, from hunger, proposed new ways of irrigating the land. Thanks to its opening, the yield has increased sharply, people have ceased to be afraid of hunger.
Prominent scientist Fleming discovered penicillin. This drug has saved the lives of millions of people who previously died of blood poisoning.
An English engineer in the middle of the 19th century proposed an improved cartridge. But officials from the military department arrogantly told him: "We are already strong, only the weak need to improve weapons."
The famous scientist Jenner, who defeated smallpox with the help of vaccinations, was inspired by the words of an ordinary peasant woman. The doctor told her that she had smallpox. To this the woman calmly replied: "It cannot be, because I already had cowpox." The doctor did not consider these words to be the result of dark ignorance, but began to conduct observations, which led to an ingenious discovery.
The early Middle Ages are usually called "dark ages". The raids of the barbarians, the destruction of ancient civilization led to a deep decline in culture. It was difficult to find a literate person not only among the commoners, but also among the people of the upper class. For example, the founder of the Frankish state, Charlemagne, did not know how to write. However, the thirst for knowledge is inherent in humans. The same Charlemagne, during the campaigns, always carried with him wax tablets for writing, on which, under the guidance of teachers, he painstakingly inscribed letters.
For millennia, ripe apples fell from the trees, but no one attached any significance to this common phenomenon. The great Newton had to be born in order to look at the familiar fact with new, more penetrating eyes and discover the universal law of motion.
It is impossible to calculate how many calamities have been brought to people by their ignorance. In the Middle Ages, any misfortune: illness of a child, death of livestock, rain, drought, crop failure, loss of any thing - everything was explained by the origin of evil spirits. A fierce witch-hunt began, and bonfires burned. Instead of curing diseases, improving agriculture, helping each other, people spent enormous energy on a senseless struggle with the mythical "servants of Satan", not realizing that with their blind fanaticism, their dark ignorance, they are serving the Devil.
It is difficult to overestimate the role of a mentor in human development. There is a curious legend about the meeting of Socrates with Xenophon, the future historian. Once talking with a stranger young man, Socrates asked him where to go to get flour and butter. Young Xenophon replied briskly: "To the market." Socrates asked: "What about wisdom and virtue?" The young man was surprised. "Follow me, I'll show you!" - promised Socrates. And he connected the long-term path to truth with a strong friendship between the famous teacher and his student.
The desire to learn new things lives in each of us, and sometimes this feeling takes over a person so much that it makes him change his life path. Today, few people know that Joule, who discovered the law of conservation of energy, was a cook. The ingenious Faraday began his journey as a peddler in a shop. And Coulomb worked as an engineer for serf structures and physics, giving only his free time from work. For these people, the search for something new has become the meaning of life.
New ideas make their way in a difficult struggle with old views, established opinions. So, one of the professors, lectured students in physics, called Einstein's theory of relativity "an annoying scientific misunderstanding" -
At one time, Joule used a voltaic battery to start an electric motor he had assembled from it. But the battery soon ran out, and the new one was very expensive. Joule decided that the horse would never be supplanted by an electric motor, since it was much cheaper to feed the horse than to change the zinc in the battery. Today, when electricity is used everywhere, the opinion of an outstanding scientist seems naive to us. This example shows that it is very difficult to predict the future, it is difficult to contemplate the possibilities that will open before a person.
In the middle of the 17th century, from Paris to the island of Martinique, Captain de Clieu was carrying a stalk of coffee in a pot of earth. The voyage was very difficult: the ship survived a fierce battle with pirates, a terrible storm nearly smashed it on the rocks. On the ship, the masts were not broken, the tackle was broken. Gradually, fresh water supplies began to dry up. She was given out in strictly measured portions. The captain, barely keeping his feet from thirst, gave the last drops of precious moisture to the green sprout ... Several years passed, and coffee trees covered the island of Martinique.

I. Bunin in the story "The gentleman from San Francisco".
Showed the fate of a man who served false values. Wealth was his god, and this god he worshiped. But when the American millionaire died, it turned out that real happiness passed by the person: he died without knowing what life is.

Yesenin. "Black man".
The poem "The Black Man" is the cry of Yesenin's dying soul, it is a requiem for the life left behind. Yesenin, like no one else, was able to tell what life does to a person.

Mayakovsky. "Listen."
The inner conviction of the correctness of their moral ideals separated Mayakovsky from other poets, from the usual course of life. This isolation gave rise to a spiritual protest against the philistine environment, where there were no high spiritual ideals. The poem is the cry of the poet's soul.

Zamyatin "The Cave".
The hero comes into conflict with himself, a split occurs in his soul. His spiritual values perish. He violates the commandment "Thou shalt not steal."

V. Astafiev "The Tsar is a Fish".

In V. Astafiev's story "The Tsar is a Fish" the main character, the fisherman Utrobin, having caught a huge fish on the hook, is unable to cope with it. In order to avoid death, he is forced to let her go free. An encounter with a fish that symbolizes the moral principle in nature makes this poacher reconsider his ideas about life. In moments of desperate struggle with fish, he suddenly remembers his whole life, realizing that how little he has done for other people. This meeting changes the hero morally.
Nature is alive and spiritualized, endowed with morally punishing power, it is capable not only of defending itself, but also of not retribution. The fate of Gosha Gertsev, the hero of Astafiev's story "The Tsar is a Fish", serves as an illustration of the punishing power. This hero is not a punishment for arrogant cynicism towards people and towards nature. Punishing power extends not only to individual heroes. The imbalance poses a threat to all of humanity if it is not conscious of its intentional or forced cruelty.

I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".

People forget that nature is their native and only home that requires a careful attitude towards itself, which is confirmed in the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The protagonist, Evgeny Bazarov, is known for his categorical position: "Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and a person is a worker in it." This is how the Author sees in him a "new" person: he is indifferent to the values accumulated by previous generations, lives in the present and uses everything he needs, without thinking about what consequences this may lead to.
The novel by I. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" raises the actual topic of the relationship between nature and man. Bazarov, rejecting any aesthetic enjoyment of nature, perceives it as a workshop, and man as a worker. Arkady, a friend of Bazarov, on the contrary, treats her with all the admiration inherent in a young soul. In the novel, each character is tested by nature. Communication with the outside world helps Arkady to heal his emotional wounds, for him this unity is natural and pleasant. Bazarov, on the contrary, does not seek contact with her - when Bazarov felt bad, he "went into the forest and broke branches." She does not give him the desired comfort or peace of mind. Thus, Turgenev emphasizes the need for a fruitful and two-way dialogue with nature.

M. Bulgakov. "Dog's heart".
Professor Preobrazhensky transplants part of the human brain to Sharik's dog, turning a quite cute dog into a disgusting Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. You can't mindlessly interfere with nature!

A. Block
The problem of a thoughtless, cruel person towards the natural world is reflected in many literary works. To fight it, you need to realize and see the harmony and beauty that reigns around us. The works of A. Blok will help in this. With what love he describes Russian nature in his poems! Vast distances, endless roads, deep rivers, blizzards and gray huts. Such is Blok's Russia in the poems "Rus", "Autumn Day". The poet's true filial love for his native nature is transmitted to the reader. You come to the idea that nature is original, beautiful and needs our protection.

B. Vasiliev "Don't Shoot White Swans"

Now, when nuclear power plants explode, when oil flows along rivers and seas, entire forests disappear, a person must stop and think about the question: what will remain on our planet? In B. Vasiliev's novel "Don't Shoot White Swans", the author's idea about the responsibility of man for nature is also expressed. The main character of the novel, Yegor Polushkin, worries about the behavior of visiting "tourists", the lake empty at the hands of poachers. The novel is perceived as a call to everyone to take care of our land and each other.
The main character, Yegor Polushkin, loves nature infinitely, always works conscientiously, lives quietly, but always turns out to be guilty. The reason for this is that Yegor could not violate the harmony of nature, he was afraid to invade the living world. But people did not understand him, they considered him not adapted to life. He said that man is not the king of nature, but her eldest son. In the end, he dies at the hands of those who do not understand the beauty of nature, who are used only to conquer it. But the son is growing up. Who can replace his father, will respect and protect his native land.

V. Astafiev "Belogrudka"
In the story "Belogrudok", the children killed a brood of a white-breasted marten, and she, mad with grief, takes revenge on all the surrounding world, destroying poultry in two neighboring villages, until she herself dies from a rifle charge

Ch.Aitmatov "Plakha"
Man destroys the multicolored and populous world of nature with his own hands. The writer warns that the senseless extermination of animals is a threat to earthly prosperity. The position of the "king" in relation to animals is fraught with tragedy.

A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin", the main character could not find spiritual harmony, cope with the "Russian blues", including because he was indifferent to nature. And the author's “sweet ideal” Tatiana felt herself to be a part of nature (“She loved to warn the dawn of the sunrise on the balcony ...”) and therefore showed herself in a difficult life situation as a spiritually strong person.

A.T. Tvardovsky "Forest in autumn"
Reading Tvardovsky's poem "Forest in Autumn", you are imbued with the pristine beauty of the surrounding world, nature. You hear the noise of bright yellow foliage, the crackle of a broken knot. You see the light jump of the squirrel. I would like not only to admire, but to try to preserve all this beauty as long as possible.

L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
Natasha Rostova, admiring the beauty of the night in Otradnoye, is ready to fly like a bird: she is inspired by what she has seen. She enthusiastically tells Sonya about the wonderful night, about the feelings that overwhelm her soul. Andrei Bolkonsky also knows how to subtly feel the beauty of the surrounding nature. During a trip to Otradnoye, seeing an old oak tree, he compares himself to it, indulging in sad thoughts that life has already ended for him. But the changes that subsequently took place in the soul of the hero are associated with the beauty and grandeur of the mighty tree that blossomed under the rays of the sun.

V.I. Yurovskikh Vasily Ivanovich Yurovskikh
Writer Vasily Ivanovich Yurovskikh, in his stories tells about the unique beauty and wealth of the Trans-Urals, about the natural connection of a village man with the natural world, therefore his story "Ivan's memory" is so touching. In this small piece, the Yurovskikh raises an important issue: the human impact on the environment. Ivan, the protagonist of the story, planted several willow bushes in the swamp, which frightened people and animals. Many years later. The nature around has changed: all sorts of birds began to settle in the bush, the magpie every year began to make a nest, and the magpies began to hatch. No one wandered through the forest anymore, because the telnik became a guide on how to find the right way. Near the bushes you can take shelter from the heat, drink some water, and just relax. Ivan left a good memory of himself among people, and ennobled the surrounding nature.

M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"
A close emotional connection between man and nature can be traced in Lermontov's story "A Hero of Our Time". The events in the life of the main character, Grigory Pechorin, are accompanied by a change in the state of nature in accordance with the changes in his mood. So, considering the scene of the duel, the gradation of the states of the surrounding world and the feelings of Pechorin is obvious. If before the duel the sky seemed to him “fresh and blue”, and the sun “shining brightly”, then after the duel, looking at the corpse of Grushnitsky, the heavenly body seemed to Grigory “dull”, and its rays “did not warm”. The nature is not only the experience of the heroes, but is also one of the protagonists. The thunderstorm becomes the reason for the long meeting between Pechorin and Vera, and in one of the diary entries preceding the meeting with Princess Mary, Grigory notes that "the air of Kislovodsk is conducive to love." With such an allegory, Lermontov not only more deeply and fully reflects the inner state of the heroes, but also denotes his own, author's presence by introducing nature as a character.

E. Zamyatina "We"
Turning to classical literature, I would like to cite as an example the anti-utopian novel "We" by E. Zamyatin. Rejecting the natural beginning, the inhabitants of the One State become numbers, whose life is determined by the framework of the Hourly Tablet. The beauties of native nature have been replaced by perfectly proportioned glass structures, and love is possible only with a pink card. The main character, D-503, is doomed to mathematically verified happiness, which is acquired, however, after the removal of fantasy. It seems to me that with such an allegory Zamyatin tried to express the indissolubility of the connection between nature and man.

S. Yesenin "Goy you, Russia, my dear"
One of the central themes of the lyrics of the brightest poet of the XX century S. Yesenin is the nature of his native land. In the poem "Goy you, Russia, my dear" the poet renounces paradise for the sake of his homeland, her flock above the eternal bliss, which, judging by other lyrics, he finds only on Russian soil. Thus, feelings of patriotism and love for nature are closely intertwined. The very realization of their gradual weakening is the first step towards a natural, real world that enriches the soul and body.

M. Prishvin "Ginseng"
This theme is brought to life by moral and ethical motives. Many writers and poets have turned to her. In M. Prishvin's story "Ginseng" the heroes know how to be silent and listen to silence. For the author, nature is life itself. Therefore, his rock is crying, the stone has a heart. It is a person who must do everything so that nature exists and does not fall silent. This is very important in our time.

I.S. Turgenev "Notes of a Hunter"
I. S. Turgenev expressed his deep and tender love for nature in the Notes of a Hunter. He did this with keen observation. The hero of the story "Kasyan" traveled half of the country from the Beautiful Mosque, happily recognizing and exploring new places. This man felt his inextricable connection with mother - nature and dreamed that "every man" would live in contentment and justice. It would not hurt us to learn from him.

M. Bulgakov. "Fatal eggs"
Professor Persikov accidentally, instead of large chickens, breeds giant reptiles that threaten civilization. Such consequences can lead to thoughtless interference in the life of nature.

Ch. Aitmatov "Plakha"
Ch. Aitmatov in the novel "Plakha" showed that the destruction of the natural world leads to a dangerous deformation of a person. And it happens everywhere. What is happening in the Moyunkum Savannah is a global issue, not a local issue.

A closed model of the world in the novel by E.I. Zamyatin "We".
1) The appearance and principles of the One State. 2) The narrator, number D - 503, and his spiritual illness. 3) "Resistance of human nature". In dystopias, the world based on the same premises is given through the eyes of its inhabitant, an ordinary citizen, from the inside, in order to trace and show the feelings of a person who undergoes the laws of an ideal state. The conflict between the personality and the totalitarian system becomes the driving force behind any dystopia, making it possible to identify dystopian features in the most diverse at first glance works ... The society depicted in the novel has reached material perfection and stopped in its development, plunged into a state of spiritual and social entropy.

A.P. Chekhov in the story "The Death of an Official"

B.Vasiliev "Not on the lists"
The works make one think about the questions that everyone seeks to answer to himself: what is behind the high moral choice - what are the forces of the human mind, soul, fate, what helps a person to resist, to show amazing, amazing vitality, helps to live and die “like a human being”?

M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man"
Despite the difficulties and trials that fell to the lot of the main character Andrei Sokolov, he always remained faithful to himself and his homeland. Nothing broke the spiritual strength in him or eradicated the sense of duty in him.

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter".

Pyotr Grinev is a man of honor, in any life situation he acts as honor tells him. Even his ideological enemy, Pugachev, could appreciate the hero's nobility. That is why he helped Grinev more than once.

Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace".

The Bolkonsky family is the personification of honor and nobility. Prince Andrew always put the laws of honor in the first place, followed them, even if it required incredible efforts, suffering, pain.

Loss of spiritual values

B. Vasiliev "Glukhoman"
The events of Boris Vasiliev's story "Glukhoman" allow us to see how in today's life the so-called "new Russians" are striving to enrich themselves at any cost. Spiritual values have been lost because culture has gone from our lives. The society split, in it the bank account became the measure of a person's merits. Moral deafness began to grow in the souls of people who had lost faith in goodness and justice.

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich, the hero of the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" is a nobleman, but he is dishonest: having wooed Masha Mironova and being refused, he takes revenge by speaking ill of her; during a duel with Grinev, he stabs him in the back. The complete loss of ideas about honor also predetermines social betrayal: as soon as Pugachev gets the Belogorsk fortress, Shvabrin goes over to the side of the rebels.

Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace".

Helen Kuragina tricked Pierre into marrying himself, then lying to him all the time, being a wife, dishonoring him, making him unhappy. The heroine uses lies to get rich, to gain a good position in society.

NV Gogol "The Inspector General".

Khlestakov is deceiving officials, posing as an auditor. Trying to impress, he composes many stories about his life in St. Petersburg. Moreover, he lies so delightfully that he himself begins to believe his stories, he feels important and significant.

D.S. Likhachev in "Letters about the Good and the Beautiful"
D.S. Likhachev, in "Letters of the Good and the Beautiful," tells how he felt a daring feeling when he learned that in 1932 a cast-iron monument on Bagration's grave was blown up on the Borodino field. Then someone left a giant inscription on the wall of the monastery, built on the site of the death of another hero - Tuchkov: "Enough to keep the remnants of the slave past!" At the end of the 60s, the Travel Palace was demolished in Leningrad, which, even during the war, our soldiers tried to preserve, not to destroy. Likhachev believes that "the loss of any cultural monument is irreparable: they are always individual."

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

In the Rostov family, everything was built on sincerity and kindness, respect for each other and understanding, therefore the children - Natasha, Nikolay, Petya - became really good people.They are responsive to other people's pain, they are able to understand feelings and suffering others. Suffice it to recall the episode when Natasha gives the order to free the carts, loaded with their family values, in order to give them to the wounded soldiers.
And in the Kuragin family, where career and money decided everything, both Helen and Anatole are immoral egoists. Both are looking for only benefits in life. They do not know what true love is and are ready to exchange their feelings for wealth.

A. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
In the story "The Captain's Daughter", his father's instructions helped Pyotr Grinev, even in the most critical moments, to remain an honest man, true to himself and to his duty. Therefore, the hero commands respect for his behavior.

N. V. Gogol "Dead Souls"
Following his father's behest "to save a drink", Chichikov devoted his whole life to hoarding, turning into a man without shame and conscience. Since his school years, he valued only money, so in his life he never had faithful friends, a family that the hero dreamed of.

L. Ulitskaya "Daughter of Bukhara"
Bukhara, the heroine of L. Ulitskaya's story "The Daughter of Bukhara", accomplished a maternal feat, devoting all of herself to the upbringing of her daughter Mila, who had Down syndrome. Even being terminally ill, the mother thought through the whole future life of her daughter: she got a job, found her a new family, a husband, and only after that she allowed herself to leave life.

Zakrutkin V. A. "Human Mother"
Maria, the heroine of Zakrutkin's story "Mother of Man", during the war, having lost her son and husband, took responsibility for her newly born child and for other people's children, saved them, became their Mother. And when the first Soviet soldiers entered the burned-out farm, it seemed to Maria that she had given birth not only to her son, but to all the children of the world destitute by the war. That is why she is the Mother of Man.

K.I. Chukovsky "Alive as life"
K.I. Chukovsky in his book "Alive as Life" analyzes the state of the Russian language, our speech and comes to disappointing conclusions: we ourselves distort and disfigure our great and powerful language.

I.S. Turgenev
- Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this property passed on to us by our predecessors, among whom Pushkin shines again! Treat this powerful tool with respect: in the hands of the skilled, it is able to perform miracles ... Protect the purity of the language as a sacred thing!

K.G. Paustovsky
- You can work wonders with the Russian language. There is nothing in life and in our minds that cannot be conveyed by the Russian word ... There are no sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which there would not be an exact expression in our language.

A. P. Chekhov "Death of an official"
The official Chervyakov in the story of A.P. Chekhov “The Death of an Official” is incredibly infected with the spirit of honor: sneezing and burping the bald spot in front of the sitting general Bryzzhalov (who did not pay attention to it), the hero was so frightened, that after repeated humiliated requests to forgive him, he died of fear.

A. P. Chekhov "Thick and Thin"
The hero of Chekhov's story "Fat and Thin", an official Porfiry, met a school friend at the station of the Nikolayevskaya railway and learned that he was a secret adviser, that is. in the service has moved significantly higher. In an instant, the "thin" turns into a slave creature, ready to humiliate and fawn.

A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"
Molchalin, the negative character of the comedy, is sure that one should please not only "all people without exception", but even "the janitor's dog, so that it was affectionate." The need to tirelessly please gave rise to his romance with Sophia, the daughter of his master and benefactor Famusov. Maxim Petrovich, the "character" of the historical anecdote that Famusov tells Chatsky, in order to win the Empress's favor, turned into a jester, amusing her with ridiculous falls.

I. S. Turgenev. "Mu Mu"
The fate of the mute serf Gerasim, Tatiana is decided by the lady. A person has no rights. What could be worse?

I. S. Turgenev. "Notes of a Hunter"
In the story "Biryuk" the main character, a forester, nicknamed Biryuk, lives poorly, despite the conscientious fulfillment of his duties. The social structure of life is unfair.

N. A. Nekrasov "Railway"
The poem tells about who built the railway. These are workers who have been mercilessly exploited. The arrangement of life, where arbitrariness reigns, is worthy of condemnation. In the poem "Reflections at the front entrance": the peasants came from distant villages with a petition to the nobleman, but they were not accepted, they were driven away. Power does not consider the position of the people.

L. N. Tolstoy "After the ball"
The division of Russia into two parts, rich and poor, is shown. The social world is unfair to the weak.

N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"
There can be nothing sacred, nothing right in a world ruled by tyranny, wild and insane.

V.V. Mayakovsky

In the play "The Bedbug" Pierre Skripkin dreamed that his house would be "a full bowl". Another hero, a former worker, claims: "Those who fought have the right to rest by a quiet river." This position was alien to Mayakovsky. He dreamed of the spiritual growth of his contemporaries.

I. S. Turgenev "Notes of a Hunter"
The personality of everyone is important for the development of the state, but not always talented people can develop their abilities for the benefit of society. For example, in “Notes of a Hunter” by I.S. Turgenev, there are people whose talents are not needed by the country. Jacob ("The Singers") drinks himself into a pub. The truth-seeker Mitya ("Odnodvorets Ovsyannikov") stands up for the serfs. Forester Biryuk is responsible for his service, but lives in poverty. Such people turned out to be unnecessary. They even laugh at them. This is not fair.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn "One day of Ivan Denisovich"
Despite the dire details of camp life and the unfair organization of society, Solzhenitsyn's works are optimistic in spirit. The writer proved that even in the last degree of humiliation it is possible to keep a person in oneself.

A. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"
A person who is not accustomed to work does not find a worthy place for himself in the life of society.

M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"
Pechorin says that he felt strength in his soul, but did not know what to apply them to. Society is such that it does not have a worthy place for an outstanding personality.

And A. Goncharov. "Oblomov"
Ilya Oblomov, a kind and talented person, could not overcome himself and reveal his best features. The reason is the lack of high goals in the life of society.

A.M. Gorky
Many heroes of M. Gorky's stories talk about the meaning of life. The old gypsy Makar Chudra wondered why people work. The heroes of the story "On Salt" found themselves in the same impasse. Around them - cars, salt dust, eating away the eyes. However, no one was embittered. Even such oppressed people have good feelings in their souls. The meaning of life, according to Gorky, is in work. Everyone will begin to work conscientiously - you look, and we will all become richer and better together. After all, "the wisdom of life is always deeper and broader than the wisdom of people."

M. I. Weller "The Novel of Education"
The meaning of life is in the one who himself devotes his activity for the sake of the cause that he considers necessary. The Novel of Education by MI Weller, one of the most published contemporary Russian writers, makes one think about this. Indeed, there have always been a lot of purposeful people, and now they live among us.

L. N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace"

The best heroes of the novel, Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov, saw the meaning of life in the desire for moral self-improvement. Each of them wanted "to be quite good, to do good to people."
All of Leo Tolstoy's favorite heroes were busy with an intense spiritual search. Reading the novel "War and Peace", it is difficult not to be sympathetic to Prince Bolkonsky, a thinking, seeking person. He read a lot, knew about everything. The hero found the meaning of his own life in the defense of the Fatherland. Not for the sake of an ambitious desire for glory, but because of the love of the motherland.
In search of the meaning of life, a person must choose his own direction. In Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, the fate of Andrei Bolkonsky is a difficult path of moral losses and discoveries. The important thing is that, walking along this thorny road, he retained true human dignity. It is no coincidence that MI Kutuzov will say to the hero: "Your road is the road of honor." I also like extraordinary people who try to live not uselessly.

I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
Even the failures and disappointments of an outstanding talented person are significant for society. For example, in the novel Fathers and Sons, Evgeny Bazarov, a fighter for democracy, called himself unnecessary for Russia. However, his views anticipate the emergence of people capable of greater deeds and noble deeds.

V. Bykov "Sotnikov"
The problem of moral choice: which is better - to save your life at the cost of betrayal (as the hero of the story Rybak does) or to die not as a hero (no one will know about Sotnikov's heroic death), but to die with dignity. Sotnikov makes a difficult moral choice: he perishes, retaining his human appearance.

M. M. Prishvin "Pantry of the sun"
Mitrasha and Nastya were left without parents during the Great Patriotic War. But hard work helped young children not only survive, but also earn the respect of their fellow villagers.

And P. Platonov "In a beautiful and furious world"
The machinist Maltsev is completely devoted to work, his favorite profession. During a thunderstorm, he became blind, but the devotion of a friend, love for his chosen profession, perform a miracle: he, having got on his beloved steam locomotive, regains his sight.

A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
The main character has been accustomed to working all her life, helping other people, and although she has not gained any benefits, she remains a pure soul, a righteous woman.

Ch. Aitmatov Roman "Mother's Field"
The leitmotif of the novel is the spiritual responsiveness of hardworking rural women. Aliman, no matter what happens, has been working on a farm, in a melon, in a greenhouse since dawn. She feeds the country, people! And the writer does not see anything higher than this share, this honor.

A.P. Chekhov. Story "Ionych"

Dmitry Ionych Startsev has chosen an excellent profession. He became a doctor. However, the lack of persistence and perseverance made the once good doctor a simple man in the street, for whom the main thing in life was money-grubbing and his own well-being. So, it is not enough to choose the right future profession, you need to keep yourself morally and morally in it.
There comes a time when each of us faces the choice of a profession. The hero of the story, A.P. Chekhov's "Ionych", Dmitry Startsev. The profession he has chosen is the most humane. However, having settled in a city where the most educated people turned out to be small and limited, Startsev did not find the strength to resist stagnation and inertia. The doctor has become a common man in the street who thinks little about his patients. So, the most valuable condition for not living a boring life is honest creative work, no matter what profession a person chooses.

N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace"
A person who is aware of his responsibility to his homeland, people, who knows how to understand them at the right time, is truly great. Such is Kutuzov, such are the ordinary people in the novel who do their duty without lofty phrases.

F. M. Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment"
Rodion Raskolnikov creates his own theory: the world is divided into those "who have the right" and "trembling creatures." According to his theory, a person is capable of making history, like Mohammed, Napoleon. They commit atrocities in the name of "great goals". Raskolnikov's theory is failing. In reality, true freedom lies in subordinating one's aspirations to the interests of society, in the ability to make the right moral choice.

V. Bykov "Obelisk"
The problem of freedom can be traced especially clearly in the story "Obelisk" by V. Bykov. Teacher Frost had a choice to stay alive or perish with his students. He always taught them goodness and justice. He had to choose death, but he remained a morally free man.

A.M. Bitter "At the bottom"
Is there any way in the world to break free from the vicious circle of life's worries and desires? M. Gorky tried to answer this question in the play "At the Bottom". In addition, the writer posed another vital question: is it possible to consider someone who has resigned themselves to be a free person. Thus, the contradictions between the truth of the slave and the freedom of the individual is an eternal problem.

A. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"
Opposition to evil and tyranny attracted special attention of Russian writers of the 19th century. The oppressive power of evil is shown in the play by A. N. Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm". A young, gifted woman, Katerina, is a strong person. She found the strength to challenge tyranny. The conflict between the situation of the "dark kingdom" and the bright spiritual world, unfortunately, ended tragically.

A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Gulag Archipelago"
Pictures of bullying, cruel treatment of political prisoners.

A.A. Akhmatova Poem "Requiem"
This work is about the repeated arrests of her husband and son, the poem was written under the influence of numerous meetings with mothers and relatives of prisoners in the Cross, a St. Petersburg prison.

N. Nekrasov "In the trenches of Stalingrad"
In the story of Nekrasov there is a terrible truth about the heroism of those people who in a totalitarian state have always been considered "cogs" in the huge body of the state machine. The writer mercilessly condemned those who calmly sent people to death, who shot them for a lost sapper shovel, who kept people at bay.

V. Soloukhin
The secret of comprehending beauty, according to the famous publicist V. Soloukhin, is to admire life and nature. The beauty poured into the world will enrich us spiritually if we learn to contemplate it. The author is sure that you need to stop in front of her, "not thinking about time", only then will she "invite you to talk."

K. Paustovsky
The great Russian writer K. Paustovsky wrote that “you need to immerse yourself in nature, as if you immersed your face in a pile of leaves wet from the rain and felt their luxurious coolness, their smell, their breath. Simply put, nature must be loved, and this love will find the right ways to express itself with the greatest power. "

Y.Gribov
Modern publicist, writer Y. Gribov argued that "beauty lives in the heart of every person and it is very important to wake her up, not let her die without waking up."

V.Rasputin "Deadline"
Children from the city gathered at the bedside of their dying mother. Before her death, the mother seems to go to the judgment seat. She sees that there is no previous understanding between her and the children, the children are disunited, they have forgotten about the lessons of morality received in childhood. Anna is leaving life, difficult and simple, with dignity, and her children still have to live and live. The story ends tragically. Hurrying on some business, the children leave their mother to die alone. Unable to endure such a terrible blow, she dies that very night. Rasputin reproaches the children of the collective farmer for insincerity, moral coldness, forgetfulness and vanity.

K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram"
KG Paustovsky's story "Telegram" is not a banal story about a lonely old woman and an inattentive daughter. Paustovsky shows that Nastya is not soulless: she sympathizes with Timofeev, spends a lot of time organizing his exhibition. How could it happen that Nastya, caring about others, shows inattention to her own mother? It turns out that it is one thing to get carried away with work, to do it with all your heart, to give it all your strength, physical and mental, and it is another thing to remember about your loved ones, about your mother - the most holy being in the world, not limited to money orders and short notes. Nastya failed to achieve harmony between worries about the “distant” and love for the closest person. This is the tragedy of her position, this is the reason for the feeling of irreparable guilt, unbearable heaviness, which visits her after the death of her mother and which will settle in her soul forever.

F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
The main character of the work, Rodion Raskolnikov, has done many good deeds. He is a kind-hearted person who takes other people's pain hard and always helps people. So Raskolnikov saves children from the fire, gives his last money to the Marmeladovs, tries to protect a drunk girl from the men who stick to her, worries about her sister Dunya, seeks to interfere with her marriage to Luzhin in order to protect her from humiliation, loves and regrets her mother, tries not to bother her with his problems. But the trouble with Raskolnikov is that he chose a completely inappropriate means to fulfill such global goals. Unlike Raskolnikov, Sonya does truly beautiful deeds. She sacrifices herself for the sake of loved ones, because she loves them. Yes, Sonya is a harlot, but she did not have the opportunity to quickly earn money in an honest way, and her family was dying of hunger. This woman ruins herself, but her soul remains pure, because she believes in God and tries to do good to everyone, loving and compassionate in a Christian way.
Sonia's most beautiful act is to save Raskolnikov ..
The whole life of Sonya Marmeladova is self-sacrifice. With the power of her love, she raises Raskolnikov to herself, helps him to overcome his sin and rise again. All the beauty of a human act is expressed in the actions of Sonya Marmeladova.

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
Pierre Bezukhov is one of the writer's favorite characters. Being at odds with his wife, feeling disgust for the life in the world that they lead, experiencing after their duel with Dolokhov, Pierre involuntarily asks eternal, but such important questions for him: “What's wrong? What well? Why live, and what am I? " And when one of the cleverest Masonic leaders calls on him to change his life and purify himself by serving good, to benefit his neighbor, Pierre sincerely believed "in the possibility of a brotherhood of people united in order to support each other on the path of virtue." And to achieve this goal, Pierre does everything. what he considers necessary: donates money to the brotherhood, arranges schools, hospitals and orphanages, tries to make life easier for peasant women with small children. His actions are always in harmony with his conscience, and the feeling of righteousness gives him confidence in life.

Pontius Pilate sent innocent Yeshua to execution. For the rest of his life, the procurator was tormented by his conscience; he could not forgive himself for cowardice. The hero received peace only when Yeshuya himself forgave him and said that there was no execution.

FM Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".

Raskolnikov killed the old woman-pawnbroker in order to prove to himself that he was a "superior" being. But after the crime, his conscience torments him, a persecution mania develops, the hero moves away from his relatives and friends. At the end of the novel, he repents of the murder, embarks on the path of spiritual healing.

M. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man"
M. Sholokhov has a wonderful story "The Fate of a Man". It tells about the tragic fate of a soldier who, during the war,
lost all relatives. One day he met an orphan boy and decided to call himself his father. This act suggests that love and desire
doing good gives a person strength to live, strength to resist fate.

Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace".

The Kuragin family are greedy, selfish, mean people. In pursuit of money and power, they are capable of any immoral deeds. So, for example, Helene deceives Pierre and uses his wealth, bringing him a lot of suffering and humiliation.

NV Gogol "Dead Souls".

Plyushkin subordinated his whole life to hoarding. And if at first this was dictated by thrift, then his desire to save went beyond all boundaries, he saved on the bare essentials, lived, limiting himself in everything, and even broke off relations with his daughter, fearing that she was claiming his “wealth”.

Role of colors

IA Goncharov "Oblomov".

Oblomov in love gave Olga Ilyinskaya a branch of lilac. Lilac became a symbol of the hero's spiritual transformation: he became active, cheerful, cheerful when he fell in love with Olga.

M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita".

Thanks to the bright yellow flowers in the hands of Margarita, the Master saw her in the gray crowd. The heroes fell in love with each other at first sight and carried their feelings through many trials.

M. Gorky.

The writer recalled that he learned a lot from books. He did not have the opportunity to get an education, so it was from books that he drew knowledge, an idea of the world, knowledge of the laws of literature.

A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin".

Tatyana Larina grew up on love affairs. The books made her dreamy, romantic. She created for herself the ideal of a lover, the hero of her novel, whom she dreamed of meeting in real life.

In his autobiographical poem, the author recalls the past, in which, during collectivization, his father was repressed like a fist - a peasant who worked from dawn to dusk, with his hands that he could not help unbending, clenching into a fist “... there were no separate corns - solid ... Truly a fist! " The pain of injustice has been stored in the author's heart for decades. He was branded as the son of an "enemy of the people", and everything came from the desire of the "father of nations" to bring him to his knees, to subjugate the entire population of his multinational country to his will. The author writes about the amazing peculiarity of Stalin to transfer to someone's account "any of his miscalculations a heap", to someone's "enemy's distortion", to someone's "dizziness from his predicted victories." Here the poet refers to an article by the head of the party, which was called "Vertigo from success."

Memory keeps these events in the life of both an individual and the whole country. A. Tvardovsky speaks about this by the right of memory, by the right of a person who survived the horror of repression together with his people.

2. V.F. Tendryakov "Bread for a Dog"

The main character is a high school student. But he is not an ordinary Soviet citizen, his father is a responsible worker, the family has everything, even during the period of general hunger, when people really had nothing to eat, when the people were dying of starvation in millions, there was borscht in their house, even with meat, pies with delicious fillings, kvass, real, bread, butter, milk - everything that the people were deprived of. The boy, seeing the hunger of the people around him, and especially the "elephants" and "shkilets" dying in the station square, felt remorse. He is looking for a way to share with those in need, trying to carry bread and leftover food to the chosen beggar. But people, having learned about the compassionate boy, overpowered him with their begging. As a result, he chooses a wounded dog, frightened by people who apparently wanted to eat it sometime. And his conscience is slowly dying down. No, not really, but not life-threatening. The head of the station, in which these disadvantaged people lived, could not resist and shot himself. Years later, V. Tendryakov talks about what is still haunted.

3. A. Akhmatova "Requiem"

The entire poem is a memory of the terrible years of repression, when millions of people stood in lines with parcels for those millions of people who were in the dungeons of the NKVD. A.A. Akhmatova literally demands that this terrible episode in the history of the country be remembered, no one should ever forget it, even “... if my exhausted mouth is clamped,” the poet writes, “to whom the people of one hundred million are shouting,” the memory will remain.

4. V. Bykov "Sotnikov"

Childhood memories play a very important role in the fates of the main characters of the story. A fisherman once saved a horse, little sister, her girlfriend, hay. As a boy, he showed courage, courage and was able to get out of the situation with honor. This fact played a cruel joke on him. Once captured by the Nazis, he hopes that he can wriggle out of the terrible situation, and, saving his life, gives out the detachment, its location and weapons. The next day, after the execution of Sotnikov, he realizes that there is no way back. Sotnikov in his childhood experienced an absolutely opposite situation. He lied to his father. The lie was not so serious, but the cowardice with which he said all this left a deep imprint on the boy's memory. Throughout his life, he remembered the pangs of conscience, the suffering that tears the soul apart. He does not hide behind the backs of his comrades, he takes a blow on himself in order to save others. Withstands torture, ascends the scaffold and dies with dignity. So childhood memories led the heroes to their life finale: one - to a heroic deed, the other - to betrayal.

5. V.G. Rasputin "French Lessons"

Decades later, the author recalls the teacher who played a decisive role in his difficult life. Lydia Mikhailovna, a young teacher who wants to help an intelligent student of her class. She sees how the child's desire to learn breaks down on the callousness of the people among whom he is forced to live. She tries different options for help, but only one succeeds: gambling. He needs these pennies to buy milk. The director catches the teacher for a crime, she is fired. But the boy remains in school, finishes it and, becoming a writer, writes a book, dedicating it to the teacher.

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A.P. Chekhov "Student"

Theological seminary student Ivan Velikopolsky tells unfamiliar women an episode from the Gospel. It is about the apostle Peter's denial of Jesus. Women react to what was told unexpectedly for the student: tears flow from their eyes. People cry for events that happened long before they were born. Ivan Velikopolsky understands that the past and the present are inextricably linked. The memory of the events of past years transports people to other eras, to other people, makes them empathize and sympathize with them.

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

It is not always worth talking about memory on a historical scale. Pyotr Grinev remembered the words of his father about honor. In any life situation, he acted with dignity, with courage enduring the trials of fate. The memory of parents, military duty, high moral principles - all this predetermined the hero's actions.

War is the scariest, scariest word in the world. From one pronunciation of it, goosebumps run and it becomes uncomfortable.

Wars claim thousands of lives. Destroy everything around. They bring hunger. Reading about past wars, we understand how much people have done for us, who stood up for us for life and death. Nobody asked them if they wanted to fight. They were confronted with a fact, forced. And, putting in all their strength - they won the victory.

There are very few veterans left these days. Once, the guys and I were lucky enough to visit one veteran. We went to him as part of the school curriculum. He was the only one in our city.

It was a man. You can say - grandfather. He greeted us warmly and smiled. At that moment I almost burst into tears. And when he told that he only had a sister who generally lives in another country and that his wife had died several years ago, I could not restrain myself. You know, the standard of living of this grandfather is worse than that of many of us. And this is wrong. People who have defended our present should live happily and not need anything. And our veteran doesn't even have water in his house. He has to go to the well and collect it with buckets. Then drag it into the house.

An elderly person who needs help - no one can help. Is this fair?

He told a lot of interesting and frightening at the same time. You won't find that in history books. Arriving home, each of us was impressed. We took a different look at the war, at the people who went through it. And this is what I want to say. We must remember and honor all those who had to learn what it is. We must give them our respect. We must help and say thank you every day for the fact that we have a future. That we see a blue sky overhead, and not black with smoke.

The memory of the accomplished deeds must always live on. People are simply obliged to carry it through the generations without missing anything. After all, every word, every action bears incredible importance. Their courage is worthy of perpetuation. Sites of memory must not be forgotten!

We must remember all the heroes who saved us. Our country. Our lives.

Composition 2

Who among the people does not flinch when he hears the word "war"? It was not in vain that my grandmother agreed to everything - if only there was no war, about which she learned a lot from the stories of her grandmother. Any war, even a modern one, with its “pinpoint” strikes is suffering, blood and death. What can we say about our most terrible pain and greatest joy - the Great Patriotic War. Victory certainly brought joy. But it was still necessary to live to see it, both at the front and in the rear. Sweat, blood, death and hope are the essence of war.

My great-great-grandfather went to the front with the Moscow militia and went missing near Vyazma. As I just found out, he had "armor" - this is the name of the deferral from military service. Yakov Yemelyanovich was a professional baker and was needed in the rear, but he took off this "reservation" and went to the front. Poorly armed and inept militias died, but they stopped the Germans rushing to Moscow. At the cost of their lives and the many years of suffering of their relatives. His wife Anna Ivanovna has been waiting for him for twenty-five years. She hoped that he was not killed, but in captivity or in an invalid home. I hoped, waited and raised five children. I waited and hoped.

One should bow in the belt to the people who invented and organized the "Immortal Regiment" action. This is a real memory of the war, and not an overly vigorous propaganda imitation of it. Already on May 9, I, together with my whole family and a portrait of my great-great-grandfather, took part in the march of a small part of this "regiment" on May 9. I saw the sincere sadness and interest of people carrying portraits of their front-line relatives. They remember them. They remember their feat, grieve and at the same time are filled with pride for them - the defenders of their Fatherland. As long as the idea and practice of this popular movement is still alive, the memory of the war will also be alive.

Calls are often made to stop stirring up the past and think only about the present day. They say that soon there will be no one left alive, even those born during the war, and not just those who have passed through it. But the memory of the war is also needed because the dead do not need it, the living need it. That someone could not again try to realize their crazy ideas, unleashing a global war.

Memory of the war (option 3)

Any event, one way or another, remains in the memory of many people, leaving a kind of trace in it, which consists of images, approximate outlines, and of course the feelings that a person experienced during that event. The memory of this event can be passed on from generation to generation, or it can simply remain forgotten and useless information, but this does not always happen, as, for example, it happens with bad memories, and, unfortunately, bad memories are remembered much better than anything yet.

Any war can serve as an example. War itself is a terrible event that always leads to a chain of enormous death, devastation, and grief. War is an event that is forever reflected in the minds of many generations, since the memory of the war also carries a guiding message. After all, if a person remembers the war, remembers what horrors it brought to a peaceful land, then he will try to never allow war again, and will do everything so that there is no more war, this is the plus of the memory of terrible events - they force remember what is in no case should be repeated.

War also affects many other things, not just the people themselves. War is a process gripped by horror, a process that will forever leave a mark on the land, which unfortunately witnessed bloodshed. A monument to the war, mass graves, craters from bombs, torn pieces of land from explosions will forever remain on this land. Nothing can erase this event from history. But this is not bad, because the next generations will remember this, remember the feats that they performed before them, this will motivate them to go further, create a world where there is no more war and pain, where there is no cruelty, and where there is no bloodshed, they will create a better world, remembering the old terrible.

In conclusion, we can say that any memory is important. Any, remembering, any event that, in one way or another, left its mark on history is of great value, but the most valuable memories in world culture will be memories of wars. Because war is the most terrible thing a man has ever thought of. Memories of those horrors, which we must try not to repeat again. And therefore, the next generations will remember those who had a chance to participate in the war, those who, through their own experience, learned all its horrors and disgusting things that were happening at that, no doubt, terrible time.

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