Business in baths and saunas is a profitable business. Floating sauna. Features of construction

A bathhouse in a private area is a functional place for recreational water treatments and family recreation.

An original and fresh solution for a suburban area located near a natural reservoir is a water bath. Modern construction technologies make it possible to quickly and efficiently erect such structures without causing damage to water sources.

If the owner of the site has accepted the right decision about the construction of a bathhouse on a pontoon, when developing a detailed design, it is important to consider the following factors:

• It is prohibited to build water baths in environmental and protected areas. According to current legislation, such zones can occupy an area of ​​55 to 500 meters.
• The construction of a floating structure is permitted in cases where wastewater will be discharged beyond the established boundaries of the zone or the design provides for the additional use of septic tanks.
• When constructing a bathhouse on a private reservoir, it is necessary to provide the main method of wastewater treatment.

Important! When arranging a building on an artificial reservoir, which is private property, no permitting documentation is required.

The design of a floating bath, its advantages

Often, a floating bathhouse differs from its land-based counterpart. The differences lie in the design itself, as well as in the technology of constructing the foundation and body.

Stationary baths are erected on pile, columnar and strip foundations. The following types of pontoons are used for the construction of floating baths:

• Made of wood. A popular version of the pontoon, which is used in areas with harsh winter and hot summer. It is more suitable for reservoirs prone to freezing in winter.
• Made of plastic. This type of pontoon is most common and is recommended for use in areas with a temperate climate - mild winters and warm summers. The plastic pontoon is lightweight, but at the same time resistant to extreme loads.
• Made of metal. Factory or homemade design, which is characterized by high cost and demanding maintenance. The metal pontoon needs thorough cleaning and regular painting.

The walls of a stationary bath are made of natural lumber, brick or wall blocks. Most often, a floating sauna is built from wood or using frame technology.

Floating baths, like stationary buildings, have many advantages, the main of which include:

• practicality;
• durability;
• frost resistance;
• wear resistance;
• attractive appearance;
• comfort;
• functionality;
• ergonomics;
• affordable price.

There are no significant drawbacks to such designs, the only thing is that it is difficult to use such a bathhouse in winter time years on a frozen pond.

Detailed design development

Before the start of construction work, a standard design for the future structure is developed, in which the following parameters must be taken into account:

• total area and capacity of the bathhouse;
• pontoon type and wall materials;
• drainage features;
• average monthly air temperature;
• technical characteristics of the reservoir.

After preparing the project, you can begin installing the pontoon and assembling wall structures.

Installation of a pontoon for a bath

Most often, a floating bathhouse is installed on a pontoon or screw piles made of metal. The pontoon foundation is designed for artificial and natural reservoirs of varying depths. Metal piles are suitable for artificial reservoirs with a dense bottom and calm water surface.

To fix the pontoon, fastening anchors are used, and the fixation process itself is performed:

• briquettes and pipes;
• chains and weights;
• shore clamps.

Fixation with briquettes and pipes

This method of fastening involves the use of metal pipes driven 100 cm into the bottom. Installation of pipes requires the use of specialized equipment. The diameter of the supports is selected taking into account the dimensions and weight of the bath. Briquettes are attached to the installed supports, on which the pontoon is fixed.

A finished bathhouse on this basis can be used at any time of the year without the need for dismantling.

Fixation with chains and weights

The most affordable option for installing a pontoon. In this case, the sinkers are reinforced concrete piles and slabs to which chains are attached, after which they are immersed in water near coastline. The pontoon base is fixed to the chains. The chains must have an appropriate length that will allow the finished structure to be freely kept afloat.

This method of fixing the pontoon involves dismantling it in winter and moving the bathhouse to a flat base.

Shore clamps

Installation of the finished structure on the shore using reinforced concrete piles, to which the pontoon is attached to metal cables or chains.

How to assemble

The next stage in the construction of a bathhouse is the assembly of wall structures. As a rule, a bathhouse on pontoons is built from wood, which is lightweight and has good performance characteristics.

The assembly is carried out on a rigid base, which is fixed to the pontoons with dowels. In the lower part, the structure is treated with clay mortar, which will provide additional protection for the wood from increased moisture.

In order for the finished sauna on a raft to be used correctly, at the stage of assembling the structure it is necessary to perform a high-quality installation of the drainage system. Wastewater must accumulate in a special tank under the bathhouse and then be discharged ashore.

Additionally, you can install a filter for multi-stage wastewater treatment. An expensive system that will maintain environmental friendliness water source throughout the entire service life of the bath.

Durable, safe and lightweight materials are used for the roofing structure.

Floating sauna- this is a reliable and practical structure, which in its operational characteristics is not inferior to traditional construction.

The accelerated rhythm of life in modern megacities and heavy loads lead people to seek opportunities to maintain their health, relax and experience positive emotions. One of best places, where you can have a good rest, get emotional release and engage in healing procedures are baths. That's why baths were and remain profitable view business, despite the fact that new establishments of this kind are constantly opening in big and small cities, offering a wide range of services.

Which bathhouse is more profitable to open in 2019?

In Russia today, the Russian bathhouse, Finnish sauna, Turkish hammam and Japanese ofurro are popular. But the first two types are more common, since the latter, especially the Japanese one, are relatively new on the service market.

The most in demand are baths that have expanded functionality - bath complexes that include a swimming pool, bar or cafe, billiard room, massage parlors, etc. IN last years gaining momentum new trend- establishments with bedrooms, often located in attics or the second floor, combining the functions of a bathhouse and a guest house. Baths with an expanded terrace area are also in demand. But you need to take into account that large bath complexes quickly pay for themselves only in megacities. For small town A small bathhouse that includes a minimum range of services is more suitable. This is the most profitable option for opening an establishment from scratch.

Our business plan is designed to open an establishment with minimal investment in 2017.

What documents are required to open a bathhouse?

When opening a bathhouse, it is better to register as an individual entrepreneur and select UTII for taxation. The OKVED code is needed 93.04, since this section includes activities aimed at improving health, physical condition and providing comfort, which includes Turkish baths and saunas, as well as steam rooms. OKUE number - 019100

After registration, a package of documents is prepared:

• copies of constituent documents;
• a copy of the tax registration certificate;
• permits from SES and State Fire Supervision;
• passport from the BTI;
• premises rental agreement or property documents;
• a copy of the letter from Goskomstat;
• a copy of the registration card;
• contracts for waste removal, water supply, heating, electricity.

Approximately 25,000 rubles will be required for paperwork.

What should a bath room be like?

You can either look for a room for a bathhouse in a non-residential building or build it. The second option is preferable for two reasons:

1. refurbish existing premises for required sizes pretty hard;
2. When building a bathhouse, the choice of all areas and materials remains with the customer.

A small bathhouse with an area of ​​100 square meters is suitable. m. with a swimming pool (6 sq. m.) and a steam room (12 sq. m.). The bathhouse will also have a common room, a locker room, a relaxation room, a spa and massage room, and a terrace.

If the bathhouse is built from brick, it will take about 1,700,000 rubles. But we will focus on a more economical option - a room made of timber, which will cost 700,000 rubles. When finishing, special attention should be paid to the technical and aesthetic characteristics. The walls are covered with wood, which must be treated with special substances that protect against overheating and fire. Each owner decorates the rest room according to his own taste. But, it is desirable that there be benches, a table and a TV.

After completion of construction, it will be necessary to connect gas, water, sewerage, electricity, which will require additional funds and time. Setting up all communications can take up to six months, and the cost will average 160,000 rubles.

Equipment and furniture. What is needed and how much will it cost

In recent years, a lot of special equipment for baths has appeared. In order to choose the right one, you need to take into account not only prices and the manufacturer, but also the factor that a modern bathhouse should be as functional as possible. Professionals advise to first draw up a plan of all the premises of the bathhouse with the equipment that can be located there. For the bath you will need:

• a stove that has a heater and a tank for heating water;
• shower cabins:
• pool equipment;
• ventilation equipment;
• lighting;
• equipment for massage room.

In addition, you will need lockers for clothes, tables, benches, and a TV. It is also necessary to purchase brooms, mittens, slippers, bathrobes. They can be rented or sold, thereby increasing income.

Furniture, equipment and bath accessories will require 700,000 rubles/

Bathhouse business plan: recruitment

It has a big advantage in terms of personnel recruitment, since it does not require so many specialists, and, consequently, the costs of wages won't be tall. Another thing is that with low wages, staff turnover is possible. To retain employees, you can introduce incentive payments, small but regular.

To work in the bath you need:

• Administrator - 20,000 rubles;
• Accountant - 15,000 rubles;
• Cleaning lady - 10,000 rubles;
• Massage therapist - 15,000 rubles;
• Bath attendant - 15,000 rubles;
• It will cost approximately 75,000 rubles per month to pay.

You can save money if the functions of administrator and accountant are taken over by the owner of the bathhouse or members of his family. Then only 40,000 rubles will be spent on wages.

Bath business: how much you can earn

How much does it cost to open a bathhouse in 2017? Let's try to calculate how much money it will take to open a bathhouse from scratch:

That is, to launch a bathhouse you need 1,675,000 rubles.

The profitability of a business depends on a number of factors, including the range of services that your establishment will provide. Services can include pre-booking, massage therapist and bathhouse attendant services, rental and sale of bath accessories. Prices for customers should not be too high, but they should not be too low either. On average, the price can be 200 rubles per hour per person, or when renting the entire complex 1000-1500 rubles. On weekends, the workload should be 80%, on regular days - 25%. If the bathhouse operates for 12 hours, the monthly profit will be up to 86,000 rubles. The project should pay off within 1.5-2 years. After which you can think about expanding your business.

Download ready business bath plan

Many people consider a bathhouse built on a site with country house, a whim, not a necessity. After all, modern country houses already have bathrooms equipped with everything necessary for water procedures. A bathhouse in a village is another matter. Here it is simply necessary. For many centuries, in the village bathhouse they washed, did laundry, told fortunes, were treated, and often stung. A floating sauna is also, in most cases, more of a whim than a necessity. Although, to be honest, the water bath looks very impressive.

Since ancient times, people have tried to build bathhouses near bodies of water. In this case, the supply of water was facilitated. Water baths were rare at that time. After all, our ancestors understood that wastewater discharged from a bathhouse would turn a clean reservoir into a sewer very quickly. And our ancestors treated good water with care. Modern technologies make it possible to build floating baths without water pollution. And do it quickly.

Features of the construction of floating baths

Before you start building a floating bathhouse, you should remember one thing important detail. The law prohibits the construction of any buildings in the environmental zone. On reservoirs, this conservation zone occupies from 50 meters to half a kilometer. It all depends on the type of reservoir and its size. Therefore, when building a bathhouse on water, it is necessary to ensure the drainage of wastewater outside the water protection zone. You can also equip the bathhouse with a multi-stage wastewater treatment system. If the artificial reservoir is the property of the owner of the site, then in this case no approvals will be required. But drainage will still have to be done, otherwise the reservoir will quickly turn into a swamp. Who wants to live in a swamp?

Design features of a floating bath

It is quite natural that the design of a water bath is very different from the design of a conventional one. This concerns not only the foundation, but also the frame itself.

If an ordinary bathhouse is built depending on the soil on a monolithic, pile, columnar or, then the basis of a floating bathhouse are pontoons. Pontoons can be made of wood or plastic. The latter are more common. It should be remembered, however, that in the winter plastic pontoons should be pulled ashore along with the bathhouse.

Also, non-self-propelled baths are often used as a base for a bath. This option offers another advantage. The fact is that barges are watercraft. And the legislation on the environmental protection zone does not apply to them.

The bathhouse itself is constructed from the same materials as a regular bathhouse. But they usually take wood because it is lighter than brick. And the weight of the bath plays an important role in this case. Here, the lighter the design, the better.

To prevent the floating bathhouse from floating away, the pontoons are secured. They do this in various ways.

1. The pontoons are attached with braces to pipes driven into the bottom of the reservoir. In this case, pipes should be selected from waterproof material that can withstand frost.

2. Pontoons are attached to special loads. Usually these are concrete blocks. The pontoons are attached to the “anchors” using chains. This allows the pontoons to respond to the rise/fall of water in the reservoir. In this case, every autumn you will have to bring the blocks out of the water to inspect their condition and the condition of the fastenings.

3. Concrete blocks are installed on the shore, and the pontoons are attached to them using chains.

You can find out more detailed information on floating baths by watching this video.

It is believed that a bathhouse installed on the site of a country house is more a whim of the owner than a necessity. In the village, such a building is rather a necessary attribute of everyday life, since it performs a number of functions here. For a long time they washed, washed, received medical treatment, told fortunes here, and sometimes lived here when the house was being built. A floating sauna is more of a luxury than a necessity, but such buildings look truly impressive.

In ancient times, baths were installed near reservoirs, which significantly accelerated the time for collecting water. Floating structures were rarely built, because the discharge dirty water would quickly turn a picturesque reservoir into a sewer, and our ancestors knew a lot about good water. Nowadays modern materials allow the construction of floating buildings on rafts or pontoons without fear of polluting the water.

It is the floating bath that will be the topic of this article.

Features of the construction of floating baths

If you are interested in a floating bathhouse, then before developing a project, you should consider the following aspects:

1. There is environmental legislation prohibiting the construction of such buildings in an environmental zone. Depending on the type of natural reservoir, this zone can occupy from 50 meters (for river sources) to half a kilometer (if we're talking about about large lakes).
2. Placing a building on a raft will only be possible if the dirty water is discharged outside the water protection zone, arriving ashore, or the design provides for a multi-stage purification system.

Advice! If you are the owner of an artificial reservoir that is built on your site, then in this case construction can be carried out without any approvals.

1. In the case of your own pond, you should think about cleaning or draining dirty water long before creating the project. Otherwise, a small picturesque pond will quickly turn into a swamp.

Design features of a bathhouse on a pontoon

The construction of floating baths with your own hands requires a radically different approach than the construction of traditional buildings.

And the changes concern both the foundation and the building itself:

1. , columnar, pile or monolithic. It all depends on the type of soil on the site.

Here the pontoon can be of two types:

• Plastic.

• Wood.

Buildings on plastic pontoons are most common. And if you live in a region with not very severe winters, and water bodies do not freeze in winter, then you will not have any special problems with the operation of such a building.

Advice! If there are frosts in your region, then you will have to either remove the bathhouse from the pontoon with a crane and disassemble it, or pull the entire structure ashore, since wintering in ice is contraindicated for plastic pontoons.

Some experts install non-self-propelled barges under such baths. They are considered a watercraft, therefore such structures are not subject to the rules for placement in a water protection zone.

Naturally, the price of both the barge and the construction of a bathhouse on it will be very high. However, if you initially planned to build a bathhouse as a commercial project, then they will not offer you anything better.

1. The materials for constructing walls are usually logs, bricks, beams or wall blocks. For floating baths, only wood or frame technology should be used as a material, since the dead weight of such a structure should be small.

Due to the limited carrying capacity, the number of people on board at the same time must also be strictly regulated.

Create a project

Let's consider the project of such a bathhouse, which includes:

1. Plastic pontoon.
2. Removable housing, which includes a shower, steam room and toilet.

The following instructions will help you take into account all the features of such buildings when planning:

1. Let's start with the pontoon. It must have the declared load capacity and have fastenings for installing the housing on top.

The pontoon itself can be of three types:

• We use pipes and braces. Pipes are driven into the bottom, to which the pontoon is attached using braces. For this method, you should use pipes that can not only withstand the effects of water, but also the effects of ice in winter.

• Most simple option is the use of chains and weights. We drop concrete blocks into the water, which have eyes with welded chains. Such a pontoon will rise and fall depending on the water level. For the winter, the weights must be removed from the water, the metal chains and pontoon are inspected and treated to prevent rust.
• Using shore anchorage. Concrete blocks are installed on the shore, and the pontoon is secured to them using chains. A fairly durable option, but it excludes installation of the structure far from the shore.

1. Regarding the building itself, you can make the usual layout of rooms in it. The easiest way to drain dirty water is to collect it through drain holes into special containers, from which it is then poured into settling tanks on the shore. You can, of course, install a full-fledged cleaning system, but it costs a lot, and it can cause quite a lot of hassle.

Conclusion

In this article we examined the key features of such a structure as a floating bathhouse. If you like such exoticism, you can safely take on the development of the project. Just remember to take into account all the above-described aspects () when designing.

You can learn more about floating structures from the video in this article.

Construction of baths requires deep professional knowledge and great experience. A humid environment and high temperature will lead to the rapid destruction of a structure erected without compliance strict rules or from unsuitable materials. If you are not a highly professional specialist in the construction of baths, find such a person and invite him to the position of team leader.

Find suppliers of high-quality and cheap raw materials. Study the demand in your region and decide on the direction of your activity: construction of baths on the site or in the customer’s house, sale of ready-made baths, design or construction according to a ready-made project.

Draw up a detailed business plan, think over a strategy for developing the company and finding clients.

Main risks

There are few professional companies specializing in the construction of baths. But competition in this direction is high - the owners themselves, freelance craftsmen and other construction companies offering a wide range of services get down to business.

Seasonality plays a role in this area of ​​construction. minor role, but still a certain decline is observed in late autumn and winter. You can minimize this risk if you master the arrangement of baths and saunas in already built houses, entertainment complexes, hotels and other establishments.

The main risk is improper execution of work and errors by builders. The professionalism of our employees will help you avoid claims from dissatisfied customers and the need to correct mistakes.

Location

If you plan to harvest wood yourself, dry it and produce log houses for bathhouses, you will need a production or storage facility in an industrial area with good transport links. The area depends on the planned production volumes. For such production, you need space for a workshop, premises for drying wood and storing finished logs.

For a company that specializes in the construction of baths from finished logs purchased by the customer, a small office in the central, business and even residential area is sufficient. The main criterion is that the location is accessible; your clients should not waste time searching for your company. The office space should have a place to receive customers and 2-3 workstations with the necessary set of office equipment.

Equipment

To build baths, you need a full set of carpentry tools: axes, saws, hacksaws, hammers, squares, levels, jigsaws, hammer drills, screwdrivers and others. Required set professional tools can be purchased for 10-12 thousand rubles.

To organize the production of log houses, you will need sawmills, woodworking machines, power tools and special equipment for drying wood. Buy the minimum set necessary equipment possible for 120-140 thousand rubles.

There is no need to buy all the machines at once. Consider what equipment will be used constantly in your work. Some stages of work that require the purchase of expensive machines that are used from time to time are beneficial to trust to a reliable contractor.

Personnel

With a small start-up capital, a new company can get by with a few employees. The most important person- an experienced master. To perform simple work, you should hire two assistants.

In the production of log cabins, the number of employees depends on the number of orders. Two people handle the production of one log house per week. Look for experienced woodworkers.

If the business owner is a master and is engaged in the construction of baths, it is necessary to hire a customer service manager. To design baths, it is better to conclude an agreement with a specialized bureau.

If you plan to both make log cabins and build bathhouses, hire an accountant for full time. The financial affairs of a company that specializes in the construction of bathhouses from finished logs can be managed by a part-time accountant.

Documents and licenses

The choice of taxation system and registration form should be chosen depending on the company’s development plan:

Individual entrepreneur provides a simplified taxation system and a minimum package of tax reporting.
- LLC should be chosen if you plan to work with legal entities and attract serious investors.

For the construction of bathhouses, licensing and joining an SRO are not required, but if you plan to provide services to legal organizations and large companies It's better to get a license. This will increase the credibility of your company. It takes about a month to complete a package of documents without licensing, and about three months to obtain a license.

Marketing

Baths and saunas built from natural wood are used by everyone in great demand. Help to attract private clients advertisements in the media, at dacha and gardening societies. The Internet provides a large influx of customers. Create a website and page in in social networks, tell us about your services and advantages, indicate prices for all types of work.

Cooperation with realtors will help you get clients. When selling real estate and plots in the private sector, they will advertise your services to new owners. Also, cooperation with designers is beneficial.

Many companies offering turnkey construction involve contractors to carry out a number of works. Study everyone's activities construction companies in your region and offer them your services.

Holiday homes, hotels, entertainment and health complexes, aspiring private entrepreneurs can also become your customers. Bath and wellness services are quickly gaining popularity. Take part in tenders, which will be won by recommendations from satisfied customers and competitive prices.

Provide customers with a guarantee. Try to provide comprehensive service. Also, the sale of accessories for bath procedures will be a big plus.

Payback

The average cost of a full-fledged bathhouse with an area of ​​20 m² is 750-900 thousand rubles. A team of experienced craftsmen can complete such a project in 2-3 weeks (depending on the weather and other nuances). A mini-sauna for a city apartment costs around 70 thousand rubles. A team of three people can install it in 2-3 days. If you offer construction services from finished logs, your profit will be about 40% of the total cost of the bathhouse.

The production of log houses is less profitable and is profitable either in combination with the provision of construction services, or in large volumes. If you plan to combine manufacturing and construction, profits could increase by 15%.

Summary

The construction of private baths as a business does not require large funds at the start. If available in the company professional staff, contracts with reliable suppliers and active marketing, you can achieve payback literally in the first months of work.

Construction from ready-made log houses requires start-up capital in the amount of 50 thousand rubles and allows you to achieve payback after the completion of 2-3 objects.

Independent production of log houses requires starting capital in the amount of 200-250 thousand rubles. The payback period is about 6-12 months, depending on the number of employees and demand for products. But comprehensive services help reduce risks, ensure stable development and an advantage over competitors.