What you need to paint with oil paints. Oil paints for painting. The case of a painting from the Dutch school of painting

Painting is one of the most mysterious and alluring forms of creativity., which makes it possible to use a brush and your own imagination to create a colorful three-dimensional world on canvas.

Every year painting becomes more and more popular. A large number of people, from the youngest to the most mature, want to engage in painting and develop themselves in the creative field. Most believe that in order to engage in drawing, painting, acting skills, singing, etc. talent is required. Yes, to some extent it is important, but the most important thing is the desire and desire to achieve results. Created every year a large number of painting courses for beginners.

In order to learn painting, you can take an experienced teacher to teach you the basics, or you can try to learn how to paint oil paintings on your own. Learn oil painting from scratch It’s absolutely not difficult, the main thing is your desire.

To practice painting, you will first need to purchase all the necessary materials:

• Oil paints;
• Oil painting brushes;
• Linseed oil, thinner and dammar varnish;
• The palette is the one with which you will be comfortable;
• Canvas, preferably on cardboard, this is most suitable for beginners;
• Easel;
• Container for washing brushes.

For the first time, you need to try to paint small pictures. It is best for beginners to start drawing flowers or bouquets of flowers.

In order to learn how to draw, you need to learn how to apply color to canvas. There are a huge variety of ways to apply paint. The paint can be applied impasto, with a sponge, with a semi-dry brush, shaded with a finger, etc. You can use a toothpick or the tip of a dry brush to remove wet paint from the canvas.

Merging tones achieved by applying two colors next to each other and gently rubbing them: as soon as the border begins to merge and acquire a completely different color, then you have achieved fusion.

Applying paint with a palette knife. The paint is applied, and then it is cut with the edge of a palette knife, creating an interesting and unusual texture.

Impressionism. It is formed by dotted strokes applied with a bristle brush or palette knife, which then need to be rubbed.

By adhering to the basic rules of drawing lessons step by step, you will get better and better each time.

By learning to draw, you can improve the interior of your home, apartment, or cottage. Your gifts will be unique, as you will make them with your own hands. Talented man talented in everything. Having mastered drawing lessons from scratch, you can easily try yourself in other creative professions.

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Oil paintings are bright works that can decorate any room. They look much more impressive than paintings made, for example, in pencil. The artist is required to invest considerable resources and effort. Therefore, if you decide to take up this art, then be prepared to spend money.

Instructions

1. First you need to stock up right away necessary materials: primer, brushes, glue, canvas, paints. You'll spend the most on oil paints. But you also need to be able to choose cheaper things correctly. Particular attention should be paid to the choice of canvas. The material it is made from directly affects your paintings. Therefore, you should give preference to canvas made of hemp or flax.
2. Do not start drawing right away; you must adhere to the established order. Pre-glue the purchased canvas so that the paint does not penetrate to the wrong side and does not wet it through. This is quite easy to do; wood glue is suitable for this. When you complete this procedure, take the canvas to dry in a room that is as ventilated as possible. By the way, check if you did everything correctly. An indicator of this will be the strength of the adhesive fold (it should not crack).
3. The next step should be to prime the canvas. Without this you cannot start drawing. Applying primer requires care and close attention. If you do this carelessly and carelessly, the material will not be distributed evenly and will simply ruin the painting.
4. Now you can proceed directly to the drawing itself. Take paints and brushes, start slowly and carefully apply strokes. There is no need to be afraid that smudges may form on the canvas (if you use oil paints, this is excluded, since they have a rather thick consistency). Once you have painted, let the painting dry.

Don't forget that to create a perfect drawing you need to stretch the canvas very tightly. Therefore, we advise you to buy a good subframe. If you do not use this tool, you may end up with only a drawing damaged by cracks.

Video lessons

Part 1

Choose paints. You understand, before you paint a picture in oil, you need to purchase oil paints. Of course, the choice of paints these days is more than wide, but you should not buy cheap paints. Yes, you'll save money, but cheap paints tend to be of sub-par quality, which can make your art experience...less than pleasant. Spend more money, but buy one jar quality paints, and not 2-3 cheap ones.

• The simplest and most basic set of oil paints should consist of the following colors: cadmium yellow, yellow ocher, cadmium red, alizarin crimson, ultramarine blue, titanium white, Martian black. By combining these colors, you can create any other color on the palette.
• You will most likely run out of white first, so buy it with a reserve.
• Don't buy "student kits". The price may seem tempting, but the quality of such sets is... so-so. Also, don't buy paint sets that come with brushes - the brushes will most likely be cheap and of poor quality.

1. Stock up on everything else. Beginning artists often succumb to the demon of saving and do not buy what they need. In principle, this is not as bad as it seems, but there are some things without which oil painting will not be such a pleasant and simple experience!

   Prepare your work area. Since you will need a lot of things to draw, almost all at once, you need a lot of space. The easel or table should be placed where no one will disturb you. It is advisable, among other things, to work in a place well lit by natural light. It would also be a good idea to put something like a blanket on the floor so as not to stain the floor with drops of paint.

   • The work area should be well ventilated (oil paint has a strong smell), so at least open the door or window in the room where you will be working.
   • The easel must be adjusted to your height and position. You need to sit in front of him without discomfort and difficulty.
   • Wear things that you don't mind getting stained with paint. Oil paints practically do not come off fabrics, so either cover your clothes well or wear things you don't mind.
   • If you have long hair, then gather them in a ponytail or hide them under a scarf so that they don’t get on the canvas and get dirty with paint. Also remove any rings or bracelets you are wearing.

   Part 2

   Drawing evaluation

   1. First, make a pencil sketch of the future painting on canvas. This will help you build a composition before starting to work with paints, small parts, straight lines and so on. Once you have made a sketch, you can easily make changes to it. First - a pencil sketch, and then - painting with paints (of course, if you do not plan to draw something abstractly random). Don't forget about composition and negative space.

      • Composition is the position of objects in a drawing. The composition should be such that the eye is drawn to the whole drawing, and not just some part of it.
      • Negative space, in turn, is the space around the object in the drawing. If, say, you are sketching some real object, then you can draw complex places without any problems if you look not at the object itself, but at the space around it. Think about how you will fill the negative space in the drawing so that the object still stands out and is not lost against the background.
      • Consider intersecting and overlapping shapes, and use them to add depth to your drawing. If the composition is such that nothing intersects anywhere, then it’s time to change the composition. Depth will make your drawing more realistic.

   2. Find a light source. To make the drawing realistic, you cannot do without depicting the darkened and illuminated areas in the picture. Look at the object and think about the angle at which the light falls on it, where the shadow, penumbra and highlight will be located.

      • If there is a light source, then there will be a shadow - a fact. However, if the light comes from above, the shadow may be difficult to notice. Try moving the light source or the subject itself to make the shadowed and lit areas more apparent.
      • Perhaps you will not have a darkness that is darker than twilight and a radiance that is brighter than the dawn. Well, most likely, your shadow and non-shadow will differ in strength by a semitone. If your light source does not provide a clear light-shadow boundary, then do not worry. This is fine.

   3. Choose colors. It can sometimes be very difficult for beginners to match the color of an object with the color of a paint (especially when paints must be mixed to obtain the desired color). This is because the brain “sees” colors in a rather idealized way - you might start mixing paint to paint a blue sky, and then realize that your paint is much brighter and bluer than necessary. How to deal with this? Try to step away from the symbols your brain uses and explore the actual colors you use. This will change the brightness of your colors.

      • An object painted at night will be darker and richer in color. An object photographed during the day will be brighter.
      • Check the color of the light source. On a bright sunny day, your subject should be golden yellow. On a cloudy day, therefore, the light scattered through the clouds will color the object in a grayish color. Light can even be colored - neon lamps are an example of this, and this will also change the color of the object.

   4. Look at the movement of the object. By the way, is your sketched object moving? Or does it move, and how? Maybe it’s not just the object itself that’s moving, but everything around it? Take this movement into account; it will be useful at the planning stage of further brush work. In realistic-looking paintings, brush strokes convey movement (though the opposite is also true).

   Part 3

   Creating a Masterpiece

   Mix the colors. In this sense, oil paints are ready to “forgive” almost any mistakes - they dry very slowly. However, it is worth remembering that mixing two paints into the same color twice is almost impossible. What lesson can be learned from this? That’s right, you need to mix paints “in bulk”, with a reserve, so that you have something to paint the next day.

   • Take advantage color scheme to make it easier to mix colors. Using gamut, you'll see primary, secondary, and tertiary colors and understand how to make them.
   • Pure colors are those that have not been mixed with either white or black. When primary colors are mixed, secondary colors are obtained.
   • Light colors are obtained by adding white to the color.
   • The shadow, accordingly, is obtained by adding black.
   • To tone, add white to the shadow (color + black). Tones are used very widely, they depict most colors from, so to speak, everyday life.

   1. Start drawing. You can draw in any way and technique convenient for you, even by drawing in parts, at least in layers, at least in whatever way. However, since you are working with oil paint, it is worth remembering the great rule: thick on thin. In other words, you first need to paint with diluted liquid paints, and only then on top of them - thick.

      • Try to draw simple objects. All figures consist of several simple shapes: cube, cone, cylinder and ring. Draw them first as real objects (say a box of oranges) or as flat shapes of themselves.
      • How to make paint less thick? Take turpentine or linseed oil, mix it with paint and, in general, that's all. Add thinning agent in small doses, little by little, to get exactly the consistency you need.
      • It will take three days for the paint layer to dry enough to allow a second coat to be painted on, so take your time and let the paint dry.

   2. Try it different techniques drawing. There are dozens of such techniques, but if you, a beginner, start learning them all, your head will spin very quickly. You'd better choose a couple of techniques and focus on them.

   Part 4

   Final touches

   Correct all errors. You'll have about three days while the paints are still wet, during which time you can both correct mistakes and wipe them off completely with a damp cloth. Please note that there is no need to rush to declare the drawing ready - first you need to critically evaluate it and think about whether something can be improved.

   Save the remaining paint. If you mixed so much paint that you didn't need most of it, save it for next time. Place the paint in small containers and cover them with cling film.

   Clean your brushes. If oil paint dries on your brush, it will be easier to throw away the brush, so don't put off cleaning your brushes for too long. Take turpentine, an old rag and go ahead - scrub the paint and rinse the brush under running water until it flows from the brush and becomes transparent. Then check the bristles with your hand to make sure that all the paint has been washed out. Place your clean brushes in the jar - bristles up, not down! Make sure there is normal air circulation in the room where the brushes are drying. It's best to simply place the jar of brushes in an open place, say on a shelf or table, rather than in a cabinet or desk drawer.

   1. Adviсe
      • Black Ivory takes a very long time to dry - try not to use it for background coverings.
      • Do not use linseed oil to dilute light paints - they will quickly turn yellow.
      • To remove oil paints from your hands, use baby or olive oil. Apply a little oil to a rag or napkin and wipe your hands with it. Do not wash your hands until you have scrubbed off the paint, otherwise this method will be useless. Oil paint comes off easily if you knock the wedge out with a wedge - another oil. Once you have rubbed the paint off your hands, wash them with soap and water.
      • To prevent your paint palette from drying out, place it in water or put it in the refrigerator.
      • Do not put the palette in water for too long, otherwise it will become oily from the paint.
      • To avoid getting your hands dirty, wear latex gloves.
      • Before use new paint, rinse the brush thoroughly in warm water.
      • To make the image three-dimensional, make strokes around the object. For example, if you are drawing a floor, use horizontal strokes.

      Warnings

      • Avoid contact of paints and solvents with your eyes, and try to avoid contact of these substances with your eyes. sensitive skin. If paint or solvent gets into your eyes, rinse them with water for at least two minutes. It is advisable to use a special eye wash bowl or something similar for this purpose. As a last resort, take a clean glass, fill it with warm water and pour that water directly onto the affected eye. It is necessary to “dilute” and wash out of the eye as soon as possible. chemical substances, if you get into it, don’t spare water for it.
      • The solvent may cause irritation if it comes into contact with the skin, so if this happens, wash the affected area with warm water and soap several times, and if you develop an allergic reaction, consult a doctor.
      • Solvents and oil paints, alas, are flammable substances, and therefore they must be stored in special containers. You cannot store all this in a confined space - the same applies to the rags you used to wipe your hands, and to the paint “cut” from anything flammable.
      • Remember that oil paints and other painting materials (such as solvents) may be considered hazardous materials in your country. Find out where and how to properly dispose of such materials to comply with local laws and regulations.

How good it is to be an artist! After all, he can capture the beauty of the world around us in pastel drawings, and oil painting is actually some kind of miracle! Sometimes you look at a picture and you want to step over the border of the baguette and disappear into wonderful world, painted on canvas by the artist’s talented brush. Do you also want to be one of the lucky few who can freely use a brush and paints? If you are not afraid of difficulties, and determination and love for drawing overwhelm your heart and soul, then go ahead! We are confident that with your determination you will become a true master very soon.

Oil painting - where to start

Starting is always difficult. Painting on canvas with oil paints is a task that requires a lot of knowledge, skills and abilities. Of course, it is best to start getting involved in art as early as possible. Unfortunately, not everyone’s parents took them to art school as children.

But nowadays there are art studios for people of all ages, where anyone can study oil painting. Master classes in such schools are usually taught by experienced teacher-artists who are well versed in the subject and can fully reveal all the secrets of the craft. If for some reason you cannot or do not want to visit such an establishment, then this is not a problem. In the end, persistent and goal-oriented person can learn to write on his own oil paintings. And first you will need to go to the store and buy everything you need for painting.

What materials will be needed for work?

Oil painting is a business that requires not only talent and skill, but also significant financial costs, because in order to paint a picture you will need a lot of everything. Here is a list of what you will need for work:

1. Special oil paints in tubes.

2. Brushes different sizes made of natural bristles (flat) and (round) for the final finishing of your painting.

3. Sketchbook.

4. Solvent for oil paints.

5. Charcoal for applying a preliminary drawing to the canvas or a simple soft pencil.

6. Subframe. It can be ordered from a framing shop or bought ready-made in a store.

7. Primed canvas.

Well, now you are practically fully armed and can begin creative process. But first listen to our short story about the properties of oil paints.

More about oil paints

The beautiful oil painting will take your breath away. But have you ever thought about how much time a master spends at his easel? Much depends on the quality of the paints the artist uses. It’s hard for us to imagine now, but once upon a time painters had no idea about oil paints. They were invented only in the 15th century by the Flemings, and the secret of their manufacture is for a long time was kept in the strictest confidence. Can you imagine how lucky we are?! Nowadays, such paints can be bought completely freely, and of the most excellent quality!

You need to know what is consumed the most during work White color. Therefore, if you buy paints in a set, then buy a few more lead tubes or you can also not use ready-made store kits, but assemble your own palette. Just don’t try to buy as many flowers as possible right away. Take only the basic ones: white paint, black paint (it is best to buy burnt bone), ocher (yellow and red), cadmium red, or cinnabar, kraplak, cadmium yellow, chrome green, ultramarine and cobalt blue, mars brown. This set will be quite sufficient at first.

Oil painting for beginners. Stages of work

As you know, an elephant is best eaten in parts, so let's find out what stages the work on an oil painting will consist of.

1. First you need to decide on the nature, i.e. decide what exactly you will paint: still life, landscape, or maybe even a portrait?

2. Let's say you chose a still life. As is known, it consists of several various items, which must be carefully drawn; in addition, it is necessary to carefully consider the lighting. The play of light and shadow is a very important point that should never be forgotten.

3. If you still have the primed canvas and the stretcher separately, then this needs to be corrected and the canvas stretched using a furniture stapler.

5. Now it's time to do the initial underpainting. Here your task comes down to understanding the primary colors, shadows and light in your painting. After this step, your oil painting should dry out a little. You can return to work on it the next day.

6. After the sketch has dried, you can begin further creativity. The time has come to clarify the contours and work out the details.

7. On final stage wide brushes should be put aside and pick up a round thin kolinsky brush. She applies the smallest finishing touches to the picture.

8. Well, the work is ready. After the painting has completely dried, you can coat it with a special varnish.

What is better to start with: a portrait, a landscape or a still life?

If you have never practiced oil painting on canvas before, then you should not start with a portrait, because this is the most difficult thing. And landscape is difficult for an inexperienced artist, especially if you want to paint it from life. The difficulty largely arises because the lighting in nature is constantly changing, the trees move from the wind, and there are too many different distractions: buzzing mosquitoes and flies, annoying passers-by, etc.

Another thing is a still life (dead nature): I composed it from different objects, and it will stand like a cute one for as long as you need it. Just don’t immediately try to imitate the “Little Dutchmen” and take on complex composition, consisting of many objects and colors. To begin with, it is better to be content with a modest still life of two or three things.

How to use the palette

You've probably seen in various films how venerable painters beautifully hold a palette with one hand and freely draw on the canvas with the other. You can do this too, for this there is a special hole in the palette: insert your thumb there, and use the rest to support it from below - very convenient, try it!

The paints are squeezed onto the upper left edge of the board, and the middle of it should remain free - you will mix the colors on it. Very important: after a painting session, do not forget to scrape off any unused paint, otherwise it will dry to the palette and interfere with subsequent work.

Oil painting technique

Learning to paint in oils can be hampered by the fact that a novice artist may have poor understanding of the technique of such drawing. Oil paints have a high density, and without experience it can be difficult to achieve imperceptible tonal transitions. Take a look at reproductions of ancient paintings - you will not see a trace of brush strokes on them. If you are attracted to this particular style, then first of all you will need to master the so-called glaze technique. In this case, the paints are diluted with a solvent quite liquidly, but they are practically applied to the surface of the canvas. This is difficult to explain in words, it is best to see how real artists do it.

Another technique that allows you to achieve beautiful effects in painting is shading the paint on the canvas with a brush. In this case, one color seems to melt into another. And, of course, it is not at all necessary to try to write without strokes. Perhaps you want to imitate

Last parting words for a novice artist

Well, that’s the end of our short story about oil painting. The master class, although small, was very informative. Now it will depend only on you how soon you can please your loved ones beautiful works. Start creating as soon as possible and don’t be afraid of anything. We wish you creative success!

The artist always tries to show his connoisseur what his soul feels, strives to convey how he sees the world around him. This feature lies not only in what the artist depicts, but also in what technique he works. The material used by the master is also important. Oil paints, unlike acrylic, gouache and watercolors, tend to take a long time to dry, since the layer of oil paints can remain wet for a long time. When dry, if any detail in the future painting does not suit the artist and there is a need to correct something, the thick oil layer can be removed using a special knife - a palette knife.

Next, a new layer of paint can be easily applied to the canvas! In addition, oil has another specific feature: thanks to its slow drying, the artist can mix colors, turning them into an incredible palette of color variety and smooth color transitions.

How to paint First of all, you need to choose the paint itself. IN this issue The main criterion in the selection of material is its quality. Oil paints with class “AA” are quite durable compared to class “C” paints, since the latter quickly fade and lose their saturation. Oil painting for beginners should begin with an introductory theory, since first of all you need to know the material you are working with and be able to choose and apply it correctly. This situation occurs when, when applying a second layer of oil to the canvas (without first drying the first layer), the color of the image changes. In this regard, it is necessary to familiarize yourself in detail with the features of the composition of paints and the nuances of their application.

How to paint with oil paints and what to mix them with? When imagining the image of an artist, on a subconscious level a picture of a man with a scarf in a “French” beret appears, holding a large palette with brushes in his hands. It is the palette that is the main element of the artist’s image. Mostly, palettes are made of wood and have a shape that is convenient for holding them in the left hand along with brushes. These have a hole for thumb. It should be noted that a good wooden palette is treated and soaked in oil, and then dried. This procedure is necessary so that the oil present in the palette is not absorbed by the palette, since otherwise the paints are subject to rapid drying.

How to paint with oil paints and what brushes are best to use? Oil painting requires a separate approach to the selection of materials. With oil, you should choose flat bristles. An important point is that you cannot paint with one brush. During the creative process, the brush is not washed (only when finishing the work), so using one brush for light and dark colors may result in improper mixing and “contamination” of the base color.

How to paint with oil paints on canvas? The canvas is the basis for the future painting. In order for the picture to turn out realistic and rich, it is necessary to choose the right material from which the canvas is made. For oil painting Hemp or flax is suitable. The fabric of your canvas should be knot-free, smooth and dense. Important point: be sure to prime the canvas! In specialized art stores you can purchase both ready-made primed canvas and produce this procedure on one's own.

The one who doesn't know how to do this? Painting a person in oil is a complex multi-step process that requires certain knowledge and skills. In addition, you need to know the proportions perfectly human body and be able to competently and correctly compare them, painting such a portrait in oil requires additional awareness of preparatory stages work with materials, stages of applying and mixing paints. Therefore, a young, beginning artist must initially accustom himself to thoughtful, systematic, serious work and the correct attitude towards the material with which he works.