Federal State Educational Standard (FSES)- a set of mandatory requirements for education of a certain level and (or) for a profession, specialty and area of ​​training, approved federal body executive power, performing the functions of producing public policy and legal regulation in the field of education. For educational standards adopted before 2009, the name “State Educational Standards” was applied. Before 2000, before adoption state standards for each level of general education and specialty (area of ​​training) of vocational education, within the framework of the general state educational standard, state requirements were applied to the minimum content of the level of graduate training for each level of education and specialty.

Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Education are mandatory for use by all universities of the Russian Federation that have state accreditation. In accordance with the Federal Law of November 10, 2009 No. 259-FZ “On Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov and St. Petersburg State University” and the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation” Moscow State University them. M. V. Lomonosova, St. Petersburg State University, educational organizations higher education, in respect of which the category “federal university” or “national research university” is established, as well as federal state educational organizations of higher education, the list of which is approved by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, have the right to independently develop and approve educational standards at all levels of higher education. Requirements for the conditions for the implementation and results of mastering educational programs of higher education included in such educational standards cannot be lower than the corresponding requirements of federal state educational standards.

GEF goals

Federal state educational standards provide:

• unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation;
• continuity of preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary (full) general, primary vocational, secondary vocational and higher professional education.
• spiritual and moral development and education

Federal state educational standards establish terms for obtaining general education and vocational education, taking into account various forms training, educational technologies and characteristics of certain categories of students.

The standard is the basis for:

• development of exemplary basic educational programs;
• program development educational subjects, courses, educational literature, control and measuring materials;
• organizations educational process in educational organizations implementing the basic educational program in accordance with the standard, regardless of their organizational and legal forms and subordination;
• development of standards financial security educational activities educational organizations implementing the main educational program, the formation of state (municipal) assignments for educational institution;
• exercising control and supervision over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of education;
• conducting state (final) and intermediate certification of students;
• building a system of internal monitoring of the quality of education in an educational institution;
• organizing the activities of methodological services;
• certification of teaching staff and administrative and managerial personnel of state and municipal educational institutions;
• organizing training, professional retraining and advanced training of education workers.

Structure of the Federal State Educational Standard

Each standard, in accordance with Federal Law No. 273-FZ of December 29, 2012, includes 3 types of requirements:

Higher education should develop students' general cultural and professional competencies. The previous, second, generation of the Federal State Educational Standard was developed in 2005.

Implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard in the educational process

To implement each Federal State Educational Standard, an educational institution must develop a basic educational program (BEP), including a curriculum, academic calendar, work programs for academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components, as well as assessment and teaching materials.

Generations of state educational standards

Standards general education:

Higher standards vocational education:

Until 2000, a unified state standard of higher professional education was applied, which was approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 12, 1994 No. 940 and determined:

For each area of ​​training (specialty), state requirements were adopted for the minimum content and level of training of graduates.

From September 1, 2013, in accordance with the Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” dated December 29, 2012 No. 273, new generation standards must be approved, including for higher education programs - training of scientific and pedagogical personnel, in accordance with the new law, as well as for preschool education, for which Federal state educational requirements for the structure of the basic general education program preschool education.

Development of Federal State Educational Standards

Standards can be developed according to educational levels, stages of education, professions, areas of training, specialties and are replaced with new ones at least once every 10 years.

Federal state educational standards for general education are developed according to levels of education; federal state educational standards for vocational education can also be developed according to professions, specialties and areas of training at the corresponding levels of vocational education.

When forming federal state educational standards for vocational education, the provisions of the relevant professional standards are taken into account.

The development of the Federal State Educational Standard is carried out taking into account the current and future needs of the individual, the development of society and the state, its defense and security, education, science, culture, engineering and technology, economics and social sphere in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on placing orders for the supply of goods, fulfillment works, provision of services for state or municipal needs.

Federal State Educational Standards of higher professional education are developed by educational and methodological associations of universities in the relevant areas of training (specialties).

Draft standards are sent to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, which posts them on its official website on the Internet for discussion with the participation of representatives of interested executive authorities, state and public associations operating in the education system, leading educational and scientific institutions, scientific and pedagogical communities, employers' associations and institutions public participation in education management, and sends them for independent examination.

An independent examination of draft standards is carried out within 14 days from the date of their receipt from:

• associations of employers, organizations operating in relevant sectors of the economy - on draft standards for primary vocational, secondary vocational and higher education;
• institutions of public participation in the management of education, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising management in the field of education - on draft standards of general education;
• The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and other federal executive authorities, in which federal law provides for military service, - on draft standards of secondary (complete) general education, secondary vocational education in terms of issues related to the preparation of citizens for military service.

Based on the results of the independent examination, an expert opinion, signed by the head of the organization or body that conducted the examination, or a person authorized by him, is sent to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.

Draft Federal State Educational Standards, comments and expert opinions on them are discussed by the Council of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation on Federal State Educational Standards, which decides to recommend the draft standard for approval, or for revision, or for rejection. After receiving the council's decision, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation makes its own decision regarding the approval of the standard.

Amendments to the Federal State Educational Standards are carried out in the same manner as the adoption of the Federal State Educational Standards themselves.

The procedure for adopting the Federal State Educational Standard is carried out in accordance with the Rules for the development and approval of federal state educational standards, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Professional Education are developed by educational and methodological associations of universities in education in the relevant areas of training and their base universities.

In connection with the adoption of the new law on education and changes to Labor Code, introducing the concept of a professional standard for each profession (professional field), it is planned to develop the Federal State Educational Standard, taking into account the provisions of professional standards.

History of the development of educational standards in Russia

For the first time, the concept of an educational standard in Russia appeared in 1992 with the introduction of the RF Law “On Education”, Article 7 of which was devoted to state educational standards. In the original version of the law, the standard of general education was adopted by the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, but in connection with the adoption of the 1993 Constitution, this provision was repealed, and the functions of adopting educational standards were transferred to executive authorities in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation. During the period when it had the right to approve the educational standard, the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation never approved it.

According to the former Minister of Education of the Russian Federation Eduard Dmitrievich Dneprov, a significant step back - towards unitarism in education - was made by the draft amendments, removing from the law the concept of “national-regional component” of state educational standards and replacing it with “ regional component"(Article 7, paragraph 1; Article 29, paragraph 2e). This trend was also visible in the basic curriculum approved by the Ministry of Education in 1993. The increased standardization of education by 1996 caused resistance from the teaching community, which was expressed in strikes and protests by employees of the education system.

As amended by the developers of the Law “On Education” in 1992, the educational standard, or rather its federal component, consisted of five elements:

• educational goals at each level of education
• requirements for the basic content of the main educational programs
• maximum permissible volume of classroom teaching load
• requirements for the level of training of students graduating from various levels of school
• requirements for the conditions of the educational process

Under pressure from supporters of the subject-methodological approach, this edition was deformed by deputies of the relevant committee of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation and reduced to a three-part formula: “a mandatory minimum content of basic educational programs, a maximum volume of students’ workload, requirements for the level of training of graduates” (among which the following were wrongfully included): finishing primary school).

As a result of this, from Article 7 of the law on educational standards:

The three-dimensionality of the federal component of the educational standard that remained in the law, according to E. D. Dneprov, “soon turned out to be clearly insufficient, inadequate either to the needs of educational practice or to the demands of the development of education legislation itself. That is why, already upon adoption in 1996 Federal Law“On higher and postgraduate professional education” this narrow legislative norm was scrapped and partial return to the original intent of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”. In paragraph 2 of Article 5 of the university law, “requirements for the mandatory minimum content of basic educational programs” and “conditions for their implementation” appeared again. Thus, returning to the roots, this law took two significant steps forward in the interpretation of the educational standard. Attention was again paid to the conditions for the implementation of educational programs and requirements for their mandatory minimum were introduced, which no longer made it possible to reduce this minimum to a banal list of subject topics.”

The mandatory adoption of the federal state educational standard was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted in an all-Russian vote on December 12, 1993.

In 1993-1999, temporary educational standards and federal components of the state educational standard were developed.

Since 2000, state educational standards of the first generation (for general education) and the first and second generations (for higher education) began to be developed.

In history, the development of state standards for general education has four stages: 1993-1996, 1997-1998 and 2002-2003, 2010-2011. At each of these stages, the motives for developing standards changed. In the first two - insignificantly, within the framework of general and educational policy. On the third and fourth - radically, in line with personality-oriented and activity-developmental pedagogy.

With the adoption of amendments to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” in 2009, standards of a new generation began to be developed - federal state educational standards. They became federal. The standards of previous generations were not essentially federal state educational standards, but were only its components.

Criticism of educational standards

The former Minister of Education of the Russian Federation E.D. Dneprov openly criticizes the ideas embodied in educational standards, who dedicated the book “The Recent Political History of Russian Education: Experience and Lessons” to the issue of standardization of education.

Is critical of the problem of education standardization

And federal state requirements provide:

1) the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation;

2) continuity of basic educational programs;

3) variability in the content of educational programs at the appropriate level of education, the possibility of creating educational programs of various levels of complexity and focus, taking into account the educational needs and abilities of students;

4) state guarantees of the level and quality of education based on the unity of mandatory requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs and the results of their development.

2. Federal state educational standards, with the exception of the federal state educational standard for preschool education, educational standards are the basis for an objective assessment of compliance with the established requirements of educational activities and training of students who have mastered educational programs of the appropriate level and appropriate focus, regardless of the form of education and form of training.

3. Federal state educational standards include requirements for:

1) the structure of the main educational programs (including the ratio of the compulsory part of the main educational program and the part formed by participants in educational relations) and their volume;

2) conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, including personnel, financial, material, technical and other conditions;

3) the results of mastering basic educational programs.

4. Federal state educational standards establish the terms for obtaining general education and vocational education, taking into account various forms of training, educational technologies and characteristics of individual categories of students.

5. Federal state educational standards for general education are developed by level of education; federal state educational standards of vocational education can also be developed by profession, specialty and area of ​​training at the corresponding levels of vocational education.

5.1. Federal state educational standards for preschool, primary general and basic general education provide the opportunity to receive education in native languages ​​from among the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation, study the state languages ​​of the republics of the Russian Federation, native languages ​​from among the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation, including Russian as a native language .

6. In order to ensure the realization of the right to education of students with disabilities disabilities health, federal state educational standards for the education of these persons are established or special requirements are included in the federal state educational standards.

7. The formation of the requirements of federal state educational standards of vocational education for the results of mastering the main educational programs of vocational education in terms of professional competence is carried out on the basis of relevant professional standards (if any).

(see text in the previous edition)

8. Lists of professions, specialties and areas of training indicating the qualifications assigned to the relevant professions, specialties and areas of training, the procedure for the formation of these lists are approved by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education. When approving new lists of professions, specialties and areas of training by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, the correspondence of the individual professions, specialties and areas of training indicated in these lists with the professions, specialties and areas of training may be established. specified in the previous lists of professions, specialties and areas of training.

9. The procedure for developing, approving federal state educational standards and introducing amendments to them is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

10. Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, St. Petersburg State University, educational organizations of higher education, in respect of which the category “federal university” or “national” is established research university", as well as federal state educational organizations of higher education, the list of which is approved by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, have the right to independently develop and approve educational standards at all levels of higher education. Requirements for the conditions for the implementation and results of mastering educational programs of higher education, included in such educational standards, cannot be lower than the relevant requirements of federal state educational standards.

1. Federal state educational standards and federal state requirements provide:

1) the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation;

2) continuity of basic educational programs;

3) variability in the content of educational programs at the appropriate level of education, the possibility of creating educational programs of various levels of complexity and focus, taking into account the educational needs and abilities of students;

4) state guarantees of the level and quality of education based on the unity of mandatory requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs and the results of their development.

2. Federal state educational standards, with the exception of the federal state educational standard for preschool education, educational standards are the basis for an objective assessment of compliance with the established requirements of educational activities and training of students who have mastered educational programs of the appropriate level and appropriate focus, regardless of the form of education and form of training.

3. Federal state educational standards include requirements for:

1) the structure of the main educational programs (including the ratio of the compulsory part of the main educational program and the part formed by participants in educational relations) and their volume;

2) conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, including personnel, financial, material, technical and other conditions;

3) the results of mastering basic educational programs.

4. Federal state educational standards establish the terms for obtaining general education and vocational education, taking into account various forms of education, educational technologies and the characteristics of individual categories of students.

5. Federal state educational standards for general education are developed by level of education; federal state educational standards of vocational education can also be developed by profession, specialty and area of ​​training at the corresponding levels of vocational education.

5.1. Federal state educational standards for preschool, primary general and basic general education provide the opportunity to receive education in native languages ​​from among the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation, study the state languages ​​of the republics of the Russian Federation, native languages ​​from among the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation, including Russian as a native language .

6. In order to ensure the realization of the right to education of students with disabilities, federal state educational standards for the education of these persons are established or special requirements are included in the federal state educational standards.

7. The formation of the requirements of federal state educational standards of vocational education for the results of mastering the main educational programs of vocational education in terms of professional competence is carried out on the basis of relevant professional standards (if any).

8. Lists of professions, specialties and areas of training indicating the qualifications assigned to the relevant professions, specialties and areas of training, the procedure for the formation of these lists are approved by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education. When approving new lists of professions, specialties and areas of training by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, the correspondence of the individual professions, specialties and areas of training indicated in these lists with the professions, specialties and areas of training may be established. specified in the previous lists of professions, specialties and areas of training.

9. The procedure for developing, approving federal state educational standards and introducing amendments to them is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

10. Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, St. Petersburg State University, educational organizations of higher education in respect of which the category “federal university” or “national research university” has been established, as well as federal state educational organizations of higher education, the list of which is approved by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, have the right to develop and approve independent educational standards at all levels of higher education. Requirements for the conditions for the implementation and results of mastering educational programs of higher education, included in such educational standards, cannot be lower than the corresponding requirements of federal state educational standards.

choose a topic... 1. legislation regulating relations in the field of education 2. rights of the child and forms of legal protection in the legislation of the Russian Federation 3. features legal support professional and pedagogical activities 4. legal and organizational framework for the activities of educational institutions

1. The right of an educational institution to issue its graduates a state-issued document on the appropriate level of education arises from the moment of its...

• 1) state accreditation
• 2) licensing
• 3) registration
• 4) certification

2. Citizens of the Russian Federation have the right to receive ___ education in their native language

• 1) basic general
• 2) secondary (full) general
• 3) initial
• 4) higher professional

3. The legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of education does not include...

• 1) Declaration of Principles of Tolerance
• 2) The Constitution of the Russian Federation
• 3) Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”
• 4) regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of education

4. State educational standard in conditions modern system education according to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”...

• 1) is the basis for an objective assessment of the level of education and qualifications of graduates, regardless of the form of education
• 2) guarantees the receipt of free general and, on a competitive basis, free vocational education in state and municipal educational institutions
• 3) ensures the quality of training of specialists
• 4) ensures the right to equal education

5. In accordance with the Law “On Education” of the Russian Federation, the form of education is not...

• 1) continuing education
• 2) family education
• 3) self-education
• 4) external study

6. Additional education in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” assumes...

• 1) comprehensive satisfaction of the educational needs of citizens and provision of continuous professional development
• 2) implementation of the content of relevant programs in the system of children's youth sports schools
• 3) training of children in creative houses
• 4) in-depth development of educational programs

7. Education aimed at training skilled workers in all main areas of socially useful activities on the basis of basic general education is ___ education

• 1) initial professional
• 2) average professional
• 3) higher professional
• 4) additional

8. The goal of the “Program for the Development of Teacher Education in Russia for 2001-2010” is ...

• 1) creating conditions for the development of a system of continuous pedagogical education
• 2) development of regional teacher training programs
• 3) updating the legal framework for continuing teacher education
• 4) creating a balance between state social and personal priorities in education

9. An educational institution has the right to conduct educational activities from the moment...

• 1) issuance of a license
• 2) registration
• 3) state accreditation
• 4) paying taxes

10. The leading principles for developing the content of continuing pedagogical education do not include...

• 1) visibility
• 2) fundamentality
• 3) continuity
• 4) variability

Article 11. Federal state educational standards and federal state requirements. Educational standards

• checked today
• law of 01/01/2019
• entered into force on December 30, 2012

Art. 11 Education Law in the latest valid edition dated August 14, 2018.

There are no new articles that have not entered into force.

Compare with the edition of the article dated 07/01/2016 12/30/2012

Federal state educational standards and federal state requirements provide:

• 1) the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation;
• 2) continuity of basic educational programs;
• 3) variability in the content of educational programs at the appropriate level of education, the possibility of creating educational programs of various levels of complexity and focus, taking into account the educational needs and abilities of students;
• 4) state guarantees of the level and quality of education based on the unity of mandatory requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs and the results of their development.

Federal state educational standards, with the exception of the federal state educational standard for preschool education, educational standards are the basis for an objective assessment of compliance with the established requirements of educational activities and training of students who have mastered educational programs of the appropriate level and appropriate focus, regardless of the form of education and form of training.

Federal state educational standards include requirements for:

• 1) the structure of the main educational programs (including the ratio of the compulsory part of the main educational program and the part formed by participants in educational relations) and their volume;
• 2) conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, including personnel, financial, material, technical and other conditions;
• 3) the results of mastering basic educational programs.

Federal state educational standards establish the time frame for obtaining general education and vocational education, taking into account various forms of education, educational technologies and the characteristics of individual categories of students.

Federal state educational standards for general education are developed according to levels of education; federal state educational standards for vocational education can also be developed according to professions, specialties and areas of training at the corresponding levels of vocational education.

Federal state educational standards for preschool, primary general and basic general education provide the opportunity to receive education in native languages ​​from among the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation, study the state languages ​​of the republics of the Russian Federation, native languages ​​from among the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation, including Russian as a native language .

In order to ensure the realization of the right to education of students with disabilities, federal state educational standards for the education of these persons are established or special requirements are included in the federal state educational standards.

The formation of the requirements of federal state educational standards of vocational education for the results of mastering the main educational programs of vocational education in terms of professional competence is carried out on the basis of relevant professional standards (if any).

Lists of professions, specialties and areas of training indicating the qualifications assigned to the relevant professions, specialties and areas of training, the procedure for the formation of these lists are approved by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education. When approving new lists of professions, specialties and areas of training by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, the correspondence of the individual professions, specialties and areas of training indicated in these lists with the professions, specialties and areas of training may be established. specified in the previous lists of professions, specialties and areas of training.

The procedure for developing, approving federal state educational standards and introducing amendments to them is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, St. Petersburg State University, educational organizations of higher education in respect of which the category “federal university” or “national research university” has been established, as well as federal state educational organizations of higher education, the list of which is approved by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, have the right to develop and approve independent educational standards at all levels of higher education. Requirements for the conditions for the implementation and results of mastering educational programs of higher education, included in such educational standards, cannot be lower than the corresponding requirements of federal state educational standards.