Characteristics of the senior Kirsanovs. We urgently need the life story of Pavel Petrovich from the novel Fathers and Sons

Main conflict The novel “Fathers and Sons” is a clash of two camps, two completely different philosophies of life. The children's camp is represented by the image of Bazarov. The author makes Pavel Kirsanov his obvious opponent, but the image of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov, although he belongs to the old generation, is opposed to both of the above-mentioned heroes. Very delicate and subtle by nature, Nikolai Kirsanov loves everything beautiful that he sees in life. His habits, feelings, thoughts, all of this is directed against his brother’s arrogance and Bazarov’s crude ideology.

Biography of Nikolai Kirsanov - a typical phenomenon of the past

Nikolai Kirsanov in the novel “Fathers and Sons” is a special character. His image embodied all the best from the aristocracy and it is for him that the author shows his most open sympathies. He appears from the first lines of the work and does not disappear until the end of the entire story.

His appearance is unremarkable: a gray-haired gentleman, about forty years old, slightly hunched over and plump. Such a typical village landowner mediocre. His biography is also typical for his time. The small Kirsanov family lived on the estate, the father was a military general, the mother took care of the house. Like his older brother, Pavel, he dreamed of military career, but it didn’t work out.

He studied at the University of St. Petersburg, then returned to his parents. After the death of his parents, he married a beautiful girl who became a good wife. They lived in love and harmony, raising their only son. When Arkady was 10 years old, Kirsanov’s wife died. He devoted himself entirely to his son and the household.
The author endowed Kirsanov with many positive features: He is well brought up and educated. Kindness and delicacy, sincere affection for loved ones are the most natural feelings for him. He doesn’t understand how you can do without love, how to live without believing in anything.

Kirsanov Nikolai Petrovich, father of Arkady Kirsanov, loves music, poetry, and appreciates everything beautiful in life. Bazarov laughs at these feelings. However, the author does not think music lessons the hero is something funny and worthless. On the contrary, he talks about the benefits of poetry and music. Nikolai Petrovich embodies everything best features Russian nobility, which, sadly enough, are also becoming a thing of the past. They are replaced by Bazarov's nihilism, his judgments about the meaninglessness of principles and the empty life led by the aristocracy.

Dreaminess and sentimentality for Kirsanov familiar feelings. They characterize him positively, unlike Bazarov, who considers a dream to be nonsense and a whim. For Kirsanov Sr., these features of his nature are components, this is a familiar state of mind.

The author considers Nikolai Kirsanov one of his favorite heroes. By his side Eternal values life: family, love, nobility and kindness. The characteristics of Kirsanov are the characteristics of a person who lives in harmony with himself. His personality is completely harmonious. This image evokes the sympathy of not only the author, but also the readers of the novel from its beginning to the end of the development of the action.

Work test

As Pavel Kirsanov

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov- a character in the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”. He is Bazarov's main opponent in the novel, the main opponent in his ideological disputes.

Life story

Pavel Petrovich was brought up in the page corps. Having become an officer, he enjoyed great success in the world: Kirsanov was self-confident, mocking and “amusingly bilious.” Women liked him, easily had affairs, and aroused the envy of men. At twenty-eight he was already a captain and had a brilliant career ahead of him. However, everything suddenly changed: a woman appeared in the St. Petersburg world who became fatal for Kirsanov.

Pavel Petrovich fell passionately in love with Princess R., who was known in the world as a frivolous coquette. However, love did not bring Kirsanov happiness: having initially reciprocated his feelings, Princess R. soon lost interest in him. However, this obstacle did not stop the hero. For many years he tried to maintain this relationship; for many years this withering, debilitating passion did not give him peace.

Painfully attached to Princess R., Kirsanov could never understand her; he was struck by her strangeness, imbalance, something “cherished and inaccessible” in her soul, where no one could penetrate. After tender meetings, he felt only “tearing and bitter disappointment” in his heart. Having parted with Princess R., Kirsanov tried to live his old, familiar life, which he, however, failed. He grew old, turned grey, and no longer thought about novels. Soon Pavel Petrovich and his brother settled in Maryino. At the end of his life he moved to Dresden, where he lived out his life alone.

Characteristics of the hero

Kirsanov is characterized by the following words: he is intellectual, principled, insightful, noble and admires the British, has a strong-willed character (although his high liberal principles about freedom and equality remain in words, in terms of the strength of his character he is truly a worthy rival of Bazarov).

Literature

• E. V. Amelina, Preparing for the literature exam - Onyx 21st century, 2005. - 0 p. ISBN 5-329-01102-7

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See what “Kirsanov, Pavel Petrovich (character)” is in other dictionaries:

Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov Creator: I. S. Turgenev Works: “Fathers and Sons” Gender: male nationality: Russian Family: brother... Wikipedia

A character in I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.” He is Bazarov’s main opponent in the novel, the main opponent in his ideological disputes. Life story Pavel Petrovich was brought up in the page corps. Having become an officer, he enjoyed great success in ... Wikipedia

For Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, as well as for Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, detail in his works is very important. One such detail is the story about the life of Princess R. It seems that nothing meaningful story Princess R. and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov turned out to be a very important element in the novel “Fathers and Sons,” and in the life of the author himself.
First, I will describe the appearance and character of Princess R. The princess was known as a frivolous coquette, she loved to dance a lot, laugh, joke with young people, and at night she rushed around the room in tears for a long time. But with the arrival of a new day, she again turned into society lady, went out for walks again, chatted with everyone and rushed towards all the entertainment. She was very well built, her golden heavy braid fell below her knees, but she couldn’t be called a beauty, only her eyes, gray and deep, in which her beauty was hidden. inner world, stood out on her face.
The love story of Pavel Petrovich and Princess R. echoes the history tragic love Turgenev to Polina Viardot. The portraits of these women are very similar. Pauline Viardot, like Princess R., constantly traveled abroad, led a cheerful, strange life(She was famous singer). Polina Viardot alternately moved Turgenev away and then brought Turgenev closer to her. After long separations, their love flared up again, only to later go out.
Pavel Petrovich, like Turgenev himself, after breaking up with Princess R., could not get rid of thoughts about this woman. He was tormented, jealous, strove for her everywhere, until she decided to go abroad. But this did not stop him; he resigned and followed the princess. Like Pauline Viardot, the princess constantly gave new hope to Kirsanov. In Baden, she and Pavel Petrovich reconnected, but a month later it was all over. Princess R. left the town and avoided meeting with her ex-lover. Kirsanov, like Turgenev, met many women on his life path, but he carried the memory of this woman and love for her throughout his life.
There is one mystery in this story that is believed to have multiple solutions. Pavel Petrovich gives his beloved a ring with a sphinx carved on a stone and says that the sphinx is her. After the death of Princess R., he receives back an envelope with this ring. She drew a cross-shaped line across the stone with the sphinx and told him to tell him that the cross was the answer.
The first version of the solution to this riddle is that Princess R. put an end to their relationship and thereby wanted to show that she never loved Kirsanov. The second version is that the cross is the beginning of a new life, and by this Princess R. hinted to Pavel Petrovich that he should forget her and start new life, try to find love after her death.
The story of Pavel Petrovich and Princess R. can be compared with the myth of Oedipus. This myth tells about the sphinx, a half-woman, half-lion, who asked riddles to all travelers, and if they did not solve them, she ate them. There was only one person, Oedipus, who was able to solve all her riddles. She could not survive such grief and threw herself off the cliff. It can be assumed that Princess R. is the sphinx, and Pavel Petrovich is Oedipus. But only Kirsanov could not solve the mystery of his beloved and paid for it by losing her forever.
The tragic love story of Pavel Petrovich plays a very important role in the work. She spiritually brings together the main characters, Pavel Kirsanov and Bazarov, people whose ideas about the meaning of life, about fate common people very different and whose disputes formed the basis of Turgenev’s work.

Arkady tells the story of Kirsanov Sr. in response to Bazarov’s harsh statements with undisguised sympathy, as if wanting to instill in his mentor the same attitude towards Pavel Petrovich. It should be noted that, contrary to the expectations of Arkady and the reader, Bazarov’s reaction to what he heard was very restrained.

“The ring with a sphinx carved on a stone”, given by Pavel Petrovich to Princess R, after whom he trailed all over Europe, is a unique symbol, because the sphinx is a mysterious winged creature from ancient greek mythology with the body of a lion and the head and chest of a woman, making a wish difficult riddles at the entrance to paradise and throwing those who did not solve these riddles off the cliff. Apparently, Princess R was an unsolved mystery for Pavel Petrovich, powerfully and inexplicably attracting him. This is a truly Turgenev-like attraction that is not subject to reason.

But the denouement is also significant: the princess returns the ring to Kirsanov, on which the sphinx is now crossed out. Thus, the object of Pavel Petrovich’s blind adoration seems to put an end to the riddle, simplifying life situation, removing the veneer of mystery and turning what seemed to be an extraordinary romantic story love in a simple farce. “But there was no secret,” the princess seems to be saying to the hero. Obviously, Pavel Petrovich was wishful thinking, and after this story he became much more restrained with women, as evidenced further by his attitude towards Fenechka.

Pavel Petrovich's initial attitude towards Bazarov

This hostility is due to a number of reasons. Firstly, meeting the guest “by his clothes,” Pavel Petrovich, who, as an aristocrat, pays a lot of attention to his appearance, is extremely irritated by Bazarov’s carelessness; secondly, he is very concerned about the possible influence of the district doctor on his young, fledgling nephew; thirdly, intuition predicted that Kirsanov Sr. would have a future rivalry with Bazarov on all issues. In addition, as it turns out for Bazarov and the reader later, Fenechka plays an important role in the life of the Kirsanov brothers, and Pavel Petrovich has a craving for her, constantly accompanied by considerations of nobility and honor in relation to younger brother, could at the time of Bazarov’s arrival be supplemented by unconscious fears for another potential rivalry. The further course of the plot (the episode with the kiss of Bazarov and Fenechka in the gazebo) showed the validity of such hidden fears of Kirsanov.

Bazarov and his nihilism

Bazarov's biography is not described in its entirety anywhere in the novel, but is scattered in fragments throughout the novel, not only because the hero is still young. Probably even in this there is a certain author's position. Turgenev, who increasingly respects Bazarov throughout the narrative, nevertheless wants to emphasize that the Bazarov type itself has not yet developed as a historical one, it does not have a coherent history, there is no biography, it is to some extent premature, devoid of historical regularity. It is no coincidence that Bazarov is so lonely in the novel; next to him there are not only real like-minded people, but even those who simply understand or sympathize.

Bazarov’s nihilism is a fashionable hobby of the progressive youth of the lower classes at that time, based on the merciless denial of all social phenomena and all idealistic foundations human life, among which the nihilists included love, art, and faith, in the name of establishing a materialistic approach to reality, natural science knowledge as the only criterion of truth.

The novel, read to the end, more precisely clarifies the essence of Bazarov’s nihilism. This is both a painful, extreme reaction to the triumph of the calm and motionless aristocracy of the Kirsanovs, and a kind of masquerade costume of a cynical naturalist, hiding his true face and true feelings. Calling himself “self-deluded,” Bazarov admits not to duplicity or duality, but to a characteristic characteristic of any ascetic - the struggle with his own nature. This painful, essentially mortal struggle of Bazarov with his own nature is the most interesting thing in the novel for the modern reader.

“Duels” between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov.

The first “duel” is a verbal duel in Chapter 6. This is more likely not a dispute, but a kind of preparation, Pavel Petrovich’s reconnaissance. He raises several topics: 1) about the successes of the Germans in natural sciences, 2) about authorities, 3) about poets and chemists, 4) about the non-recognition of art, 5) about faith in authorities (almost secondary). Bazarov objects very reluctantly and sluggishly, and Nikolai Petrovich, as always, intervenes in the conversation when there is a “smell of something fried,” he acts as a softener, a buffer.

Before the main ideological battle (Chapter X) in the previous chapter, Turgenev specifically places an episode with Fenechka and the child. Here, for the first time, some of Bazarov’s true qualities are revealed, which, however, as always, are hidden behind harsh and cynical rhetoric. Bazarov talks about plants with enthusiasm and love, and most importantly, the child willingly comes into his arms, which indicates the healthy inside of the hero: children always behave calmly with kind, strong and loving people.

Chapter X is the main ideological duel of the heroes. All the disputes begin with Pavel Petrovich, for whom everything in Bazarov is unacceptable - from appearance and habits to character, lifestyle and views. Bazarov is not eager to fight, but only briefly parries Kirsanov’s blows, but only until he touches him to the quick, offending his filial feelings.

Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov disagree on the following issues:

· on the issue of changing society for the better (Pavel Petrovich - for gradual, small reforms, Bazarov wants to break everything at once);

· on the question of the principles and meaning of life (Bazarov laughs at Kirsanov’s “principles” and denies the very phenomenon of principles;

· on the issue of attitude towards the people (Pavel Petrovich honors his patriarchy, adherence to antiquity, faith, humility, and Bazarov despises him for the same and considers a man’s consent to slavery, drunkenness and ignorance to be a vice);

· on the issue of patriotism (Pavel Petrovich considers himself a patriot and loves the people theoretically, Bazarov is somewhat closer to the people, easier to deal with a peasant, but no less alien and incomprehensible to a peasant - his name is “the pea buffoon”, since the people do not do the work of a naturalist able to take it for work.

Bazarov does not want to recognize any authorities, because he believes that everything created thanks to these authorities is subject to destruction. Bazarov's trust extends only to the knowledge and experience he himself gained during experiments and research.

Gradually, even before the duel, with all Turgenev’s sympathy, with all the sympathy of the Kirsanovs who were closer to him in spirit, and with all the limitations of the nihilist Bazarov, a certain superiority of the nihilist over the “fathers” becomes more and more clearly revealed. This superiority pinches the author’s heart, and it is not objectively good in everything. The author, for example, highly values ​​the dignity, nobility and will of Pavel Petrovich, the sensitivity, kindness, aesthetics of Nikolai Petrovich, the emotionality, delicacy and goodwill of Arkady.

Finally, the reader begins to fully understand Bazarov’s “self-destruction,” the peculiar sacrifice of his figure, and subsequently his painful duality and loneliness. Hiding behind the usual cynical mask of a destroyer, his feelings begin to burst the shell of the mask from the inside. What infuriates him is that he is unable to explain his sympathy for Fenechka in the usual way - only physiological needs; that during and after the duel (romantic absurdity!) he is forced to show nobility towards the enemy; that he feels within himself a desire to see next to him a more serious friend and follower than Arkady; finally, he is overtaken by a real feeling of love for Odintsova - that is, exactly what he denied in every possible way and about which he openly made fun of him.

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The novel “Fathers and Sons” by I.S. Turgenev was written in 1961. This is a time of conflict between the liberal noble intelligentsia and the nihilistic commoners. The sixty-first year is approaching - the abolition of serfdom, and changes are already felt in the country, passions are running high, everyone is waiting for something to happen. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev in his novel managed to highlight not only the social antagonism of aristocrats and commoners, but also to show the usual conflict between “fathers” and “children”, and to identify age-related problems of generations. He managed to do this through a feeling that awakens in the heart of any person, regardless of his beliefs and social status. This feeling is love, and it's in different time visited both “fathers” (the Kirsanov brothers) and “children” (Arkady Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov), leaving in each of them their own special, unique mark.
In the novel we see four couples, four love stories: this is the love of Nikolai Kirsanov and Fenichka, Pavel Kirsanov and Princess G., Arkady and Katya, Bazarov and Odintsova. In the life of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov, love has always been a support and driving force. At first - an endless, touching, tender and deep feeling for his wife Masha, with whom they almost never parted: “ten years passed like a dream.” But the happiness ended, Nikolai Petrovich’s wife died. “He barely survived the blow, turned gray in a few weeks,” and began to learn to live again. Together, with his son Arkady, in the village of Maryino, named after his wife. Ten years passed before Nikolai Petrovich’s heart, reaching out to family life, was able to accommodate another love, not equal either in age or in social status. Fenichka - the mother of Kirsanov's second son, the daughter of his former housekeeper - managed to illuminate life and fill the house with joy. The fate of Kirsanov’s second brother, Pavel Petrovich, was completely different. Young and energetic, women liked him in his youth, but his heart was given at one moment to Princess R. - a married woman, an empty and frivolous coquette. Smart and active Pavel Petrovich was unable to cope with his feelings and subsequently ruined not only his own because of unhappy love. brilliant career officer, but also for the rest of his life. This love could never be satisfied; it deprived Kirsanov of his business, took away RICH opportunities, and brought torment and despair. Arkady Kirsanov grew up with a living example of tender and deep love parents. That is why he was so indignant when his friend, the nihilist Bazarov, ridiculed human feelings, the mystery of the relationship between a man and a woman, the “mystery” of a woman’s gaze. As soon as he moved away from Evgeny, the need for a close and loving person became the leading one, and Katya entered his life as a long-awaited light. In the relationship between Arkady and Katya Odintsova, I.S. Turgenev exposes Arkady’s nihilistic views. Katya declares that she will remake it and puts her words into action. Kirsanov abandons his past ideology. In essence, Arkady's love for Katya is the result of the subordination of a weak nature to a stronger one. Most bright story love happened in Yevgeny Bazarov's novel. Smart, reasonable, living with his head and not his heart, he left no room for feelings in his life, because he considered them nonsense, fiction, and an inability to follow his convictions. This is why love took him by surprise, crushed him, and led him to despair. How could he, Bazarov, fall for this bait if he always laughed at this feeling, which he simply did not give the right to exist! But it came and made the image of Bazarov tragic, because, having elevated him, it not only made him doubt his attitudes and beliefs, but also made him more humane. In Odintsova’s company he is harsh and mocking, but when alone with himself he discovers the romance in himself. He is irritated by his own feelings. And when they finally pour out, they only bring suffering. The chosen one rejected Bazarov, frightened by his animal passion and lack of culture of feelings. She cannot sacrifice her order, she needs calm love. Turgenev teaches a cruel lesson to his hero. But love did not destroy Bazarov, due to his character he did not give up, life did not end there.
Love - eternal feeling, it comes without asking and goes away without warning. The pages of the novel are literally permeated with the spirit of love. And it is during the test of love that the character of people is most fully revealed, as shown in the wonderful novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons.”
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