Russian detachments of armored trains. Russian warriors, a tribe of victors! 1925-1926. These are the years of bloody battles. In one of the battles, Colonel Kostrov, the commander of an armored train division, a general of the Chinese army (1925), dies, he is raised on bayonets. 1925, November 2. At Kuchen station

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In this post we will focus on such a difficult topic as the first Kiev princes. Today there will be 7 author's historical portraits from Oleg the Prophet to Vladimir II Monomakh, all these historical portraits were written for the maximum score and meet all the criteria for evaluating work on the Unified State Exam.

You see in front of you a map of Ancient Russia, or rather the tribes that lived on their territory. You see that this is the territory of present-day Ukraine and Belarus. Ancient Russia stretched from the Carpathians in the West, to the Oka and Volga in the East and from the Baltic in the North, to the Black Sea steppes in the South. Of course, Kiev was the capital of this Old Russian state and it was there that the princes of Kiev were sitting. We will begin the study of Ancient Russia with Prince Oleg. Unfortunately, no information about this prince has survived, and only the legend "The Legend of the Prophetic Oleg", which you all know very well, has survived. And so in 882, Oleg went to Kiev from Novgorod. He was a warrior of Rurik (862-882) and while Rurik's son Igor was small, Oleg was his regent. And in 882, Oleg captured Kiev, killing Askold and Dir, and this moment began the time of his reign.

Oleg the Prophet - Historical portrait

Lifetime:IX century - beginningX century

Years of government: 882-912

1. Domestic policy:

1.1. He made Kiev the capital of Ancient Rus, so some historians consider Oleg the founder of the Old Russian state. "Let Kiev be the mother of Russian cities"

1.2. He united the northern and southern centers of the Eastern Slavs, by conquering the lands of the Ulitsy, Tivertsy, Radimichi, Northerners, Drevlyans, subordinating such cities as Smolensk, Lyubech, Kiev.

2. Foreign policy:

2.1. He made a successful campaign against Constantinople in 907.

2.2. He signed peace and trade agreements with Byzantium that were beneficial for the country.

Results of activity:

Prince Oleg during the years of his reign significantly increased the territory of Russia, concluded the first trade agreement with Byzantium (Constantinople)

The second ruler after Oleg was Igor Stary, and much is unknown about his reign in modern history, and we only know about the last four years of his reign in Kiev.

Historical portrait of Igor Stary

Life time: endIX century -II quarterX century

Years of government: 912-945

Main directions of activity:

1. Domestic policy:

1.1. Continued the unification of the East Slavic tribes

1.2. Was the governor in Kiev during the reign of Oleg

2. Foreign policy:

2.1. Russian-Byzantine war 941-944

2.2. War with the Pechenegs

2.3. War with the Drevlyans

2.4. Military campaign against Byzantium

Results of activity:

He extended his power to the Slavic tribes between the Dniester and the Danube, concluded a military-trade agreement with Byzantium, and conquered the Drevlyans.

After the murder of Igor by the Drevlyans for excessive collection of tribute, his wife, Olga, ascended the throne.

Duchess Olga

Lifetime:II-III quarterX century.

Years of government: 945-962

Main directions of activity:

1. Domestic policy:

1.1. Strengthening central power by reprisals against the Drevlyan tribe

1.2. She carried out the first tax reform in Russia: she introduced lessons - a fixed amount of tribute collection and graveyards - places of the collection of tribute.

2. Foreign policy:

2.1. She was the first Russian princess and ruler in general to adopt Christianity.

2.2. She was able to prevent the Drevlyan dynasty of princes from reigning in Kiev.

Results of activity:

Olga strengthened the internal position of the young Russian state, established relations with Byzantium, increased the authority of Russia, and was able to preserve the Russian throne for her son Svyatoslav.

After Olga's death, the reign of Svyatoslav Igorevich, known for his rich foreign policy, began in Kiev.

Svyatoslav Igorevich

Lifetime: second half of the 10th century.

Years of government 945 - 972

Main directions of activity:

1. Domestic policy:

1.1. He led the further strengthening of the Old Russian state, like his predecessors.

1.2. I tried to create an empire.

2. Foreign policy:

2.1. He conducted a military campaign against Bulgaria in 967.

2.2. Defeated the Khazar Kaganate in 965.

2.3. He conducted a military campaign against Byzantium.

Results of activity:

He established diplomatic relations with many peoples of the world, strengthened the position of Russia in the world arena, removed the threat from the Volga Bulgaria and the Khazar Kaganate, expanded the possessions of the Kiev prince, wanted to create an empire, but his plans were not destined to come true.

After the death of Svyatoslav, Prince Yaropolk (972-980) came to the throne of Kiev, who for 8 years of his reign made a very small contribution to the history of Ancient Rus. After his reign, Vladimir I, popularly nicknamed the Red Sun, entered the Kiev throne.

Vladimir I Svyatoslavovich (Saint, Red Sun) - Historical portrait

Lifetime: 3 quarter of the 10th century - the first half of the 11th century (~ 960-1015);
Years of government: 980-1015

Main directions of activity:
1. Domestic policy:
1.1. The final annexation of the lands of the Vyatichi, Cherven cities, as well as lands on both sides of the Carpathians.
1.2. Pagan reform. With the aim of strengthening the grand-ducal power and introducing Russia to the rest of the world, in 980 Vladimir carried out a Pagan reform, according to which Perun was put at the head of the pantheon of Slavic gods. After the failure of the reform, Vladimir I decided to baptize Russia according to the Byzantine rite.
1.3. The adoption of Christianity. After the failure of the pagan reform, under Vladimir in 988, Christianity was adopted as the state religion. The baptism of Vladimir and his entourage was performed in the city of Korsun. The reason for choosing Christianity as the main religion was the marriage of Vladimir to the Byzantine princess Anna and the prevalence of this faith in Russia.
2. Foreign policy:
2.1. Protection of the borders of Russia. Under Vladimir, for the purpose of protection, a Unified Defensive System against nomads and a Warning System were created.
2.2. The defeat of the Radimich militia, a campaign in the Volga Bulgaria, the first clash of Russia with Poland, as well as the conquest of the Polotsk principality.

Activity results:
1. Domestic policy:
1.1. The unification of all the lands of the Eastern Slavs as part of Kievan Rus.
1.2. The reform brought order to the pagan pantheon. Has prompted Prince Vladimir to turn to a fundamentally new religion.
1.3. Strengthening the princely power, raising the country's authority on the world stage, borrowing Byzantine culture: fresco, architecture, icon painting, the Bible was translated into Slavic ...
2. Foreign policy:
2.1. The Unified Defensive System from the nomads and the Notification System helped to quickly notify the center about crossing the border, and accordingly about the attack, which gave Russia an advantage.
2.2. Expansion of the borders of Russia through the active foreign policy of Prince Vladimir the Holy.

After Vladimir, Yaroslav, nicknamed the Wise, turned out to be a very noticeable ruler.

Yaroslav the Wise

Life time: endX - middleXI century

Years of government: 1019-1054

Main directions of activity:

1. Domestic policy:

1.1. Establishing dynastic ties with Europe and Byzantium through the conclusion of dynastic marriages.

1.2. Founder of written Russian legislation - "Russian Pravda"

1.3. Built St. Sophia Cathedral and the Golden Gate

2. Foreign policy:

2.1. Military campaigns in the Baltic States

2.2. The final defeat of the Pechenegs

2.3. Military campaign against Byzantium and the Polish-Lithuanian lands

Results of activity:

During the reign of Yaroslav, Russia reached its heyday. Kiev became one of the largest cities in Europe, the authority of Russia increased in the world arena, and the active construction of churches and cathedrals began.

And the last prince, whose characteristics we will give in this post, will be Vladimir II.

Vladimir Monomakh

VTime of life: second half of the 11th century - the first quarter of the 12th century.

Years of government: 1113-1125

Main directions of activity:

1. Domestic policy:

1.1. He stopped the disintegration of the Old Russian state. "Let everyone keep his fatherland"

1.2. Nestor compiled the "Tale of Bygone Years"

1.3. Introduced the "Charter of Vladimir Monomakh"

2. Foreign policy:

2.1. Organized successful campaigns of the princes against the Polovtsians

2.2. Continued the policy of strengthening dynastic ties with Europe

Results of activity:

He was able to unite the Russian lands for a short time, became the author of "Instructions for Children", he managed to stop the Polovtsian raids on Russia.

© Ivan Nekrasov 2014

Here is a post, dear readers of the site! I hope he helped you find your bearings among the first princes of Ancient Rus. Best thanks for this post - your social media recommendations! You may not care, but I am pleased))

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We learn about the life of the first rulers in Russia from the oldest surviving chronicle, The Tale of Bygone Years.

According to the "Tale", the ancient Russian princes originate from the Rurik dynasty, the ancestor of which is Rurik, who was invited to the Russian lands by the Ilmen Slovenes in 862. The dynasty of Russian princes - the descendants of Rurik - dates back to the middle of the ninth century. The materials presented in this work indicate that the first Russian princes were primarily concerned with expanding the boundaries of their state.

The purpose of the presentation: to acquaint students with the reign of the first Russian princes: Rurik, Oleg, Igor, Olga, Svyatoslav; talk about their role in the formation of the Russian state; arouse interest in Russian history among followers; foster a sense of patriotism and selfless service to the Motherland using the example of these historical figures. The presentation can be used in history lessons and in extracurricular activities.

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FIRST RUSSIAN PRINCES Author: Shemetova Kristina, student of the II course, department cook, confectioner BPOU "Trade and Technology College", Elista, Republic of Kalmykia. Leader: Kozaeva Raisa Sandzhievna, history teacher.

RURIK (862 - 879) The founder of the Rurik dynasty, the first ancient Russian prince. According to the Tale of Bygone Years, he was called to reign in 862 by the Ilmenian Slovenes, Chud and all of the Varangian lands. He reigned first in Ladoga, and then in all Novgorod lands. Before his death, he handed over power to his relative (or senior vigilante) - Oleg.

The first real ruler of Ancient Rus, who united the lands of the Slavic tribes along the path "from the Varangians to the Greeks." In 882 he captured Kiev and made it the capital of the Old Russian state, killing Askold and Dir, who had reigned there earlier. He subdued the tribes of Drevlyans, northerners, Radimichs. In 907 he made a successful military campaign against Constantinople, which resulted in two peace treaties that were beneficial for Russia (907 and 911). OLEG (879 - 912)

IGOR (912 - 945) Expanded the boundaries of the Old Russian state, subjugating the tribe of the Ulits and facilitating the founding of Russian settlements on the Taman Peninsula. Repulsed the raids of the Pechenegs nomads. Organized military campaigns against Byzantium: 1) 941 - ended in failure; 2) 944 - the conclusion of a mutually beneficial contract. Killed by the Drevlyans while collecting tribute in 945.

OLGA (945 - 969) The wife of Prince Igor, ruled in Russia during the childhood of his son Svyatoslav and during his military campaigns. She was the first to establish a clear procedure for collecting tribute ("polyudya") by introducing: 1) lessons in determining the exact size of tribute; 2) graveyards - establishing places for collecting tribute. She visited Byzantium in 957 and converted to Christianity under the name Elena. In 968 she led the defense of Kiev from the Pechenegs.

SVYATOSLAV (964 - 972) The son of Prince Igor and Princess Olga. Initiator and leader of many military campaigns: - Defeat of the Khazar Kaganate and its capital Itil (965) - Campaigns to Danube Bulgaria. Wars with Byzantium (968 - 971) - Military clashes with the Pechenegs (969 - 972) - Treaty between Russia and Byzantium (971) Killed by the Pechenegs while returning from Bulgaria in 972 on the Dnieper rapids.

In 972 - 980 the first internecine war for power takes place between the sons of Svyatoslav - Vladimir and Yaropolk. Vladimir wins and is established on the Kiev throne. 980 - Vladimir carries out a pagan reform. A pantheon of pagan gods was created, headed by Perun. An attempt to adapt paganism to the needs of the Old Russian state and society ended in failure. 988 - adoption of Christianity in Russia. Under Vladimir, there is a further expansion and strengthening of the Old Russian state. Vladimir finally conquered the Radimichs, made successful campaigns against the Poles, Pechenegs, founded new fortresses-cities: Pereyaslavl, Belgorod, etc. VLADIMIR THE FIRST SAINT (978 (980)) - 1015)

He established himself on the Kiev throne after long strife with Svyatopolk the Accursed and Mstislav Tmutarakansky. He contributed to the flourishing of the Old Russian state, patronized education and construction, the rise of the international authority of Russia. Established extensive dynastic ties with European and Byzantine courts. Carried out military campaigns: - to the Baltic States; - to the Polish-Lithuanian lands; - to Byzantium. He finally defeated the Pechenegs. Prince Yaroslav the Wise - the founder of written Russian legislation ("Russian Truth", "Yaroslav's Truth"). YAROSLAV THE WISE (1019 - 1054)

Grandson of Yaroslav the Wise, son of Prince Vsevolod I and Mary, daughter of the Byzantine emperor Constantine the Ninth Monomakh. Prince of Smolensk (from 1067), Chernigov (from 1078), Pereyaslavl (from 1093), Grand Duke of Kiev (from 1113). Prince Vladimir Monomakh - organizer of successful campaigns against the Polovtsians (1103, 1109, 1111). He advocated the unity of Russia. Participant of the congress of ancient Russian princes in Lyubech (1097), which discussed the perniciousness of civil strife, the principles of ownership and inheritance of princely lands. He was called to reign in Kiev during the popular uprising of 1113, which followed the death of Svyatopolk II. He reigned until 1125. He put into effect the "Charter of Vladimir Monomakh", where by law interest on loans was limited and it was forbidden to enslave dependent people working out their debt. He stopped the disintegration of the Old Russian state. He wrote "Instructions", in which he condemned strife and called for the unity of the Russian land. He continued the policy of strengthening dynastic ties with Europe. VLADIMIR SECOND MONOMACH (1113 - 1125)

Son of Vladimir Monomakh. Prince of Novgorod (1088 - 1093 and 1095 - 1117), Rostov and Smolensk (1093 - 1095), Belgorod and co-ruler of Vladimir Monomakh in Kiev (1117 - 1125). From 1125 to 1132 - the autocratic Kiev ruler. He continued the policy of Vladimir Monomakh and managed to preserve a single Old Russian state. He joined the Polotsk principality to Kiev in 1127. He organized successful campaigns against the Polovtsy, Lithuania, and the Chernigov prince Oleg Svyatoslavovich. After his death, almost all the principalities come out of obedience to Kiev. A period of feudal fragmentation begins. MSTISLAV THE GREAT (1125 - 1132)

http://www.1salamandra1.ru/publ/pervye_russkie_knjazja_kratko SOURCES History: textbook for grade 10, ed. A.V. Chudinova, A.V. Gladysheva.-M. Publishing Center "Academy", 2008 http://russiahistory.narod.ru/pervkniazs.htm

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Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the presentation options. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

Goals:

• to acquaint students with the reign of the first Russian princes: Rurik, Oleg, Igor, Olga, Svyatoslav;
• talk about their role in the formation of the Russian state;
• check the level of knowledge of the main problems of the topic, students' understanding of the main theoretical issues and factual material;
• develop the ability to compare the activities of historical figures, analyze and compare their reign;
• continue to form the ability to independently highlight the main idea, draw a conclusion;
• continue to develop skills to work with test material in the form of a test.
• to awaken students' interest in Russian history;
• foster a sense of patriotism and selfless service to the Motherland using the example of these historical figures.

Lesson type: with lay presentation.

Equipment: computer, multimedia projector, materials for individual work of students (questionnaires), map.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Word of the teacher:(the teacher introduces the topic and purpose of the lesson and reminds the previous topic).

II. Review questions

- When did the Eastern Slavs form a state? (IX century)

- What is the state? (The state is such an organization of life in which there is a unified system of management of people living in the same territory; the relationship between them is regulated on the basis of uniform laws or traditions, there is a common economy, culture, religion, a single language, the borders are protected by the army)

- How is the state formed? (This is a long process. It is formed as an inevitable and natural result of the disintegration of the tribal system).

- What are the prerequisites for the creation of a state in Russia?
(1. Economic development: the social division of labor leads to the separation of handicrafts from agriculture. The development of trade led to the formation of market relations and the emergence of cities, which are trade centers. The cities of Novgorod and Kiev are located on the trade route "from the Varangians to the Greeks."
2. Social processes during the period of military democracy:

• the clan community was replaced by a neighboring community (territorial),
• the development of private property led to property inequality and the formation of classes
• the top of the community is grouped around the prince, creates a squad and seizes power in the tribe.
• the tribal community member becomes a farmer. The prince and his retinue are engaged in the conduct of the war.

3. The next reasons for the formation of the state are the religious and cultural community of the tribal unions of the Slavs.
4. The need for protection from external attacks.
5. Implementation of the policy of conquest).

- In the 8-9 centuries. among the Eastern Slavs, a social structure is taking shape. What was it called and what was it? (This is "Military Democracy." The prince stood at the head of a tribe or a union of tribes. voivode- the leader of the tribal army, squad- a group of soldiers personally loyal to the prince, their profession is war; veche- tribal meeting. The prince and the governors are still elected by the people, but the desire to make their power hereditary is already evident.)

- Thus, at the beginning of the 9th century, the Russian state appeared. How did this happen, the very fact of history? (The Varangians Askold and Dir reigned in Kiev, Rurik began to rule in Novgorod. Two state centers appeared, through which the trade route "from the Varangians to the Greeks" passed. In 882, Prince Oleg, who began to reign after the death of Rurik, killed Askold and Dir, took the Kiev throne, united Russia, making Kiev the capital of the state. The state began to be called Kievan Rus.)

- How did the Russian people learn about their history? (Nestor "The Tale of Bygone Years")

- There are various theories of the creation of the Old Russian state, name them. (1. Norman - the vocation of 3 Varangian brothers (Rurik, Sineus, Truvor) by the Novgorodians in 862. Rurik managed to unite the tribes of the Krivichi, the Meri, all, Murom around Novgorod. 2. Anti-Norman (Lomonosov) - the formation of statehood among the Slavs took place before the arrival of the Varangians).

Output: In the 9th century. Thanks to political, economic, social and cultural prerequisites, a single state was formed - Kievan Rus.

Another conclusion is in verse:

1 student

Do we remember the history of the Fatherland?
Why is the country so named?
There are many hypotheses and theories
Russia - Russia has been one since ancient times.
They say from the Ruriks. From the Swedes,
From the Sarmatian Russia went tribes,
Well, I think that the ancestor
He was tall, courageous and strong.
It is from courage and growth
We got the name of the country
The root "Ros" is so easy to distinguish here,
All concepts are immediately visible.
Herodotus was famous for his scholarship,
Saw ancestors in ancient times,
I admired the strength, rebelliousness,
He said: "Growth, strength is great"
The Pechenegs and the Polovtsians knew
Russian courage, valor, honor,
Our fellows have defeated them
We are countless victorious meetings.
Let them repeat, whoever wants it,
That Russia is a word from strangers,
I believe in the strength, the growth of the people,
For me, there are no other theories.

III. Explanation of the new material

Slide (lesson topic and epigraph)

Glory to our side!
Glory to Russian antiquity!
And the traditions of antiquity
We must not forget!

N.P. Konchalovskaya.

Slide (lesson objectives)

• Get acquainted with the activities of the first Russian princes.
• Assess their contribution to the development of our state.
• Systematize knowledge.

Plan.(Slide)

1. Prince Rurik.
2. Oleg's activities.
3. Igor Rurikovich.
4. Duchess Olga.
5. Svyatoslav Igorevich.
6. Features of the board of the first Russian princes.

Introductory speech of the teacher: acquaintance with the topic and objectives of the lesson.

- Our lesson will be held in the form of slide presentations prepared by your classmates.
Before you the task: listening carefully to each speaker, record the main events and activities of the princes in the following table.
After the report, you can ask the speaker questions on this topic.
On the way, carefully follow their performances and at the end of the slide presentation, you guys will make your own assessment of the work of your classmates on the "5" point system. But this is a little later.

Table: "Activities of the first princes"

Speeches of speakers are in progress. In the course of the speech, write down the terms in a notebook:

Polyudye- a detour by the Kiev prince with the squad of their lands to collect tribute.
Lessons- the exact size of the tribute.
Churchyards- places of collection of tribute.

The teacher distributes the questionnaires, the student commission calculates the questionnaires (the assessment of the speakers' work) collects.

Example of a questionnaire:

- Before you is a table. You have organized a new topic. Tell me, what are the features of the rule of princes?
- What is common in their rule?

Common in the activities of the princes:(write down)

The activities of the first Russian princes were subordinated to two main goals:

1. They sought to extend their power to all East Slavic tribes.
2. Maintain profitable trade relations with other countries, especially with Byzantium.

Output: Each of these princes made a huge contribution to the development of the Russian state, they not only ruled the country, they served it faithfully and rightfully deserve our respect, admiration and imitation.

2 student.

And again the memory calls to the past,
And my head is spinning forever.
Millennium - this is it, it lives
In metal, in stone, in thoughts and words.
And the book of being comes to life,
I am going to flip through it with trepidation.
My mysterious homeland,
Great-grandfather's Kievan Rus!
Open and light-hearted
Blood sister to goodness and truth,
Confidently walked into the big world
Friends for joy and enemies for fear.
Here our pain and anger are shoulder to shoulder
They stood up to the offenders with a sword,
Here our joy was born with a song
And a free bird rose into the sky.
Sacred Slavic places,
It is still easy to breathe here,
And earthly beauty pleases the eye,
And the melody of centuries is barely audible.
And the murals smile from the walls
Our affectionate, big relatives.
And again they lift us from our knees ...
Yes, who said that everything is past decay?
We are soldered to the past by our souls!

IV. Homework: paragraphs 5, 6. Essay "Glory to our side ..."

Collect notebooks with tables.