“Never make fun of someone who speaks broken English. It means they know another language.

(H. Jackson Brown, Jr.)

“Never laugh at a person who speaks broken English. This means that he also knows another language.” (H. Jackson Brown Jr.)

An extensive vocabulary is the basis and guarantee of high-quality knowledge of the English language. However, do not underestimate other areas of his study, such as grammar, speaking, reading and writing. If you know thousands and thousands of English words without knowing how to link them into sentences and phrases, then such learning, to put it mildly, does not make much sense.

Any training should have a comprehensive and thoughtful approach.

But in this book, we are happy to share with you secrets and life hacks of Aisha Borseitova's technique, which will be devoted to high-quality and effective replenishment of your vocabulary.

You will be able to put these techniques into practice and see that English is much easier and more accessible than you ever imagined!

Also, you are waiting for the exposure of well-known myths and prejudices that prevent you from expanding your vocabulary.

You just need to pick up a key to it and a suitable technique that will open up a huge number of possibilities for you!

Learn English with pleasure with us! Make English work for you, not the other way around!

General

Vocabulary replenishment

LEV TOLSTOY: "TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE LANGUAGE SOMEWHERE - MEANS AND TO THINK SOMEWHERE."

1. Approbation
2. Vernissage
3. Devaluation
4. Idiom
5. Pun
6. Cannonade
7. COHORT
8. Legion
9. Marina
10. Polysemy
11. RAVELIN
12. Reminiscence
13. Sacramental
14. Synecdoche
15. Syntagma
16. Sonorant consonants
17. Toponym
18. Phantasmagoria
19. Pleonasm
20. Allegory
21. Nihilism
22. Cacophony
23. tower-
24. Esperanto
25. Idiosyncrasy
26. Transcendental( transcendents)
27. Metaphysical
28. Scholasticism
29. Esoterics
30. Truism (true)
31. Glossary
32. Euphemism
33. The cognitive dissonance
34. Eclecticism
35. Epistemology
36. Invectives
37. Binomial theorem
38. Voluntarism
39. Congruence
40. Decadence
41. addiction
42. gender
43. Homogeneous
44. Ubiquists
45. uence
46. frustration
47. Vanguard

Termination Criteria

2) Vernissage (fr. vernissage, literally - varnishing) - the opening of an art exhibition in a solemn atmosphere, which is attended by specially invited persons

3) Devaluation (lat. de - decrease; lat. valeo - to matter, cost) - a decrease in the gold content of the monetary unit under the gold standard

4) IDIOMA, -y, f. In linguistics: a turn of speech, the meaning of which is not determined by the individual meanings of the words included in it, for example. to beat the buckets, to sharpen the frills.

5) Pun - A joke based on the comical use of words that sound similar, but have different meanings, a play on words.

6) Cannonade - sounds of shots from artillery pieces

7) COHORT, 1. In ancient Rome: a detachment of troops, a tenth of a legion. 2. trans. Strongly united group of associates (high)

8) Legion (lat. legio, genus case legionis - military collection, call, from lego and legere - to collect) - the main organizational unit in the army of Ancient Rome.

The legion consisted of 5-6 thousand (in later periods 4320) foot soldiers and several hundred horsemen

9) Marina (fr. marine, ital. marina, from lat. marinus - sea) - a genre of fine art depicting a sea view

10) Polysemy (from the Greek πολυσημεία - “polysemy”) - polysemy, multivariance, that is, the presence of a word (language unit, term) of two or more meanings, historically determined or interconnected in meaning and origin.

11) RAVELIN m. 2) One of the ravelins of the Peter and Paul Fortress, turned by Peter I into a prison for his son Alexei and later used by the tsarist government to imprison political criminals; Alekseevsky ravelin.

12) Reminiscence (lat. reminiscentia, recollection) - an element of the artistic system, which consists in the use of a general structure, individual elements or motifs of previously known works of art on the same (or close) topic.

(Example of reminiscence)

13) Sacramental - religion. pertaining to a religious cult, ceremonial, ritual

14) Synecdoche (ancient Greek συνεκδοχή - ratio, literally - "comprehension") - a trope, a kind of metonymy, based on the transfer of meaning from one phenomenon to another on the basis of a quantitative relationship between them. Usually used in synecdoche:

Singular instead of plural: "Everything is sleeping - both man, and beast, and bird." (Gogol);

Plural instead of singular: "We all look at Napoleons." (Pushkin);

A part instead of a whole: “Have you any need? “In the roof for my family.” (Herzen);

Whole instead of part: "Japan has opened in different directions." (Stock news); (instead of: shares on the Tokyo Stock Exchange);

The generic name instead of the specific one: "Well, sit down, luminary." (Mayakovsky) (instead of: the sun);

The specific name instead of the generic one: "Better than all, take care of the penny." (Gogol) (instead of: money).

15) Syntagma (ancient Greek σύνταγμα, lit. "order", from other Greek σύν "s" and other Greek τάγμα "order") - a polysemantic term, translated as classification, systematization; arrangement, placement.

16) Sonorant consonants- Sonorants are distinguished from other voiced consonants by the fact that noise practically does not participate in their formation (l, m, n, p, j.)

17) Toponym - a proper name, which is the name of a separate geographical object

18) Phantasmagoria - bizarre, fantastic events, incidents

19) Pleonasm (other - Greek πλεονασμός - superfluous) is a turn of speech in which words partially or completely coinciding in meaning are repeated unnecessarily. Examples: "elderly old man", "young

young man", "see with my own eyes", "month of May"

20) Allegory - allegory, expression of an abstract concept through a specific image (Example: allegory "justice" - a woman with scales)

21) Nihilism (from lat. nihil - nothing) - a worldview position, expressed in the denial of the meaningfulness of human existence, the significance of generally accepted moral and cultural values, the non-recognition of any authorities.

22) Cacophony (ancient Greek κακός - bad and other Greek φωνή - sound) - combinations of sounds perceived as a chaotic and meaningless heap.

23) Kalancha - watch tower, fire station tower

24) Esperanto is an artificial (planned) international language, created mainly on the basis of the vocabulary and grammar of the most common European languages

25) Idiosyncrasy (idios) - intolerance. For example: I have an idiosyncrasy for fools!

26) Transcendental (transcendens) - abstract, academic, mental, speculative, mental, theoretical. Somewhere like that. In connection with the breadth of the concept, it is recommended that the term be widely used, where it is necessary and where it is not necessary.

27) Metaphysical - about the same as Transcendental. The term is good for answering a question, the essence of which you did not understand. For example, like this - "How do you feel about scholasticism? - In a metaphysical sense?"

28) Scholasticism is a medieval philosophical trend. I included scholasticism in my list of buzzwords solely because of the beautiful name.

29) Esotericism (from other Greek ἐσωτερικός - internal) - a set of special ways of perceiving reality that have a secret content and expression in "psycho-spiritual practices"

30) Truism (true) - a well-known opinion or statement. A typical example of a truism is "The Volga flows into the Caspian Sea."

31) Glossary - a dictionary of highly specialized terms in any branch of knowledge with an interpretation

32) Euphemism - replacing rude or harsh words and expressions with more

soft. Among the people, the phenomenon received a very biting and precise formulation.

33) Cognitive dissonance (from the Latin words: cognitio - “knowledge” and dissonantia - “dissonance, dissonance, lack of harmony”) - a state of mental discomfort of an individual caused by a collision in his mind of conflicting ideas: ideas, beliefs, values ​​or emotional reactions.

34) Eclecticism - a combination of heterogeneous views, ideas and theories.

35) Epistemology - the theory of knowledge, the main part of philosophy, considering the conditions and limits of the possibility of reliable knowledge.

36) Invectives - obscene, areal abuse, swearing. Often used in combination with invective vocabulary.

37) Newton's binomial - a formula for representing the degree of the sum of two numbers. It is used, as a rule, as an expression of something complex as opposed to something simple. For example: "I also need Newton's binomial!

38) Voluntarism is a doctrine that puts a strong-willed principle in the foundations of being. In our time, it is used as an evaluative term for the actions of a person that you personally do not like. Eg. : "Vanya drank all the tequila. This is pure voluntarism!"

39) Congruence is a very rich word. One of my favorites. Means a state of integrity and complete sincerity, when all parts

individuals work together towards the same goal. It is also often used with the prefix not. A very congruent word.

41) Addiction - dependence. Eg. Internet addiction. Like mine.

42) Gender - sexual. Intergender, respectively, - intergender.

43) Homogeneous - homogeneous. For example: "The homogeneity of this yogurt is beyond doubt."

44) Ubikvist - species of plants and animals that live everywhere. Do not get carried away with this term, anyway, no one knows it, except for you and me.

45) Cavalcade-a group of riding horsemen

46) Frustration - disappointment. our life is a chain of frus

47) Vanguard - Part of the troops (or fleet), located in front of the main forces. The leading, leading part of some social group. In the forefront of the democratic movement (in front, in the forefront).

Great Russian! Studies by modern linguists show that it contains about two hundred thousand words. However, the average Russian uses no more than three thousand lexical constructions in everyday life. There are many methods for replenishing the Russian language. You can get acquainted with the most effective techniques for improving the culture of speech in the article.

The book is an endless source of knowledge. Expanding vocabulary through reading, analyzing and memorizing information is one of the most effective methods of enriching speech. How to replenish the vocabulary of the Russian language and what to read for this? It is necessary to study not only fiction, but also popular science, specialized literature of Russian and foreign authors, poetry. It is important to adhere to the following rules:

slow, thoughtful reading followed by text analysis;

concentration on new terms, turns, lexical constructions;

the practice of reading aloud, memorizing, or retelling a text.

Having stumbled upon an unfamiliar word, you need to write it out in a separate notebook / notebook, pick up synonyms, memorize the interpretation and try to apply it in everyday life.

An extensive vocabulary is preceded by hard work. Masters of eloquence recommend paying attention to the development of oratory skills in oneself. Every erudite person should have the ability to clearly articulate thoughts, describe events richly or retell in detail recently read information. The active use of the studied material (in this case, new words) is a guarantee of the richness of speech: in conversation, in correspondence or during a speech, thoughts should be expressed, carefully choosing the best words.

Among the tips on how to replenish the vocabulary of the Russian language, exercises for writing your own text are especially effective. For example, you can take a notebook and a pen or open a text editor on your computer and just start writing. It is important to try to put your own feelings on paper, learn to describe events in detail or tell a story. Alternatively, you can start journaling or start a virtual diary - daily practice as a writer will stir up the brain and make it "dig" in its own lexical baggage.

“Well”, “like”, “as if” and long pauses “uh-uh” in an instant betray a person with a meager vocabulary. Such constructions pollute human speech, deprive it of information content and beauty.

Specialized textbooks that study the etymology of words can open up new horizons for the native language. You can use both classic volumes from Dahl or Ozhegov, or use online services to learn new words. It is noteworthy that explanatory dictionaries, in addition to interpretation, also contain examples of the use of the term in context, which allows it to be included in the active lexicon.

An obligatory item in working with a dictionary is the transfer of unknown terms into a separate notebook. It is important to review your notes from time to time. Perfectly copes with the task of replenishing the vocabulary of the Russian language with a list of words located in a conspicuous place. Placing stickers with terms in the workplace, refrigerator or mirror involves visual memory in the process of learning new vocabulary. Do not neglect didactic cards: a word is written on one side, and its definition on the other.

Beginning linguists: tricks of learning your native language

Solving word puzzles.Crossword, scrabble, boggle or cranium - picking up a game to your liking, you can not only have great fun, but also expand your vocabulary, learn to think critically.

• Regular training is the key to success. If the daily “load” is 3 words, then in a month the vocabulary will increase by 90, and in a year - by 1080 words!

Secret from the serieswhich is neglected by many islistening to audiobooks, podcasts, lectures and public speeches by cultural and scientific figures.INabout cleaning or commutingsuch activities contribute to the enrichmentlexicallyWowluggagebut.

How to replenish the vocabulary of the Russian language for a student and a child?

Speech abilities in children are formed by the age of five: upon reaching this age, the baby should be able to use various constructions of complex sentences, master the skills of word formation and inflection, and have a sufficient vocabulary. Lack of communication, ignoring reading, violations in pronunciation are factors that lead to the fact that the child has a passive knowledge of speech.

The application of methods of expanding lexical baggage for adults to children is ineffective. The following rules from teachers, speech therapists and neuropsychologists will come to the rescue: they shared the secrets of how to replenish the vocabulary of the Russian language in childhood.

No confusion! If a child calls mittens gloves and plates saucers, it makes sense to help the child see the differences between these items through visual analysis. For example, by drawing things that cause confusion, examine them in detail and highlight the differences.

Verbal connection. The game of association allows the child to develop abstract thinking. For example, the kid should pick up several nouns, adjectives and verbs (preferably synonymous) for the word “guitar”: “music” and “sound”, “voiced” and “loud”, “plays” and “strums”.

Hidden meaning. Concrete thinking is inherent in children up to 7 years old, later they begin to catch the "messages" of the author and learn to read "between the lines". The discussion of proverbs and sayings helps to develop the ability to understand figurative meaning.

Reading and communication. Important aspects in the question of how to replenish the vocabulary of the Russian language for a baby are communication and reading skills. You should always listen to the child, and also do not forget to instill in him a love of literature.

How to quickly replenish the vocabulary of the Russian language? Use all of the above methods in a complex. It is important to remember that success is achieved only through hard work, and those who are ready to constantly work on themselves become erudite and developed individuals.

People who can speak well and persuasively are often more successful than those who have to “go into their pockets” for every word. That is why recommendations that teach how to replenish your vocabulary with smart words are so popular.

How to improve and develop your speech and vocabulary?

The need to increase vocabulary and improve speech is experienced by those specialists whose duties include being active with various people, frequent speaking to an audience, and participating in business correspondence. Like any element of self-improvement, the development of speech takes quite a long time.

The development of the vocabulary of any language begins in childhood. Reading books, especially classical literature, is especially useful for enriching the lexicon. Help in replenishing the vocabulary of the Russian language, for example, can L.N. Tolstoy, A.S. Pushkin, A.P. Chekhov and other recognized writers of the past and present. But even those who, considering the classics boring, read detective stories and romance novels, still expand their active vocabulary and improve their literacy.

In addition, to replenish vocabulary helps:

• learning any foreign language (when learning different words that have the same meaning, the number of neural connections in the brain increases, and the right word in a conversation is much easier to find);
• daily record keeping of the past day (diary entries teach the individual to formulate his thoughts correctly and intelligibly, it is easier to look for new words to describe the situation);
• linguistic entertainment - crossword puzzles, crossword puzzles, charades, Scrabble, etc.

How to increase vocabulary in communication?

To replenish your vocabulary with clever words helps communication with erudite and educated people. Difficult terms and professionalisms that use these should be written down, and in their free time, learn their meaning. At every opportunity, the learned terms should be introduced into your speech. Over time, this word will enter the active lexicon of a person, and will be used to the place without effort.

Great Russian! Studies by modern linguists show that it contains about two hundred thousand words. However, the average Russian uses no more than three thousand lexical constructions in everyday life. There are many methods for replenishing the vocabulary of the Russian language. You can get acquainted with the most effective techniques for improving the culture of speech in the article.
Council number 1. Reading-learning The book is an endless source of knowledge.
Expanding vocabulary through reading, analyzing and memorizing information is one of the most effective methods of enriching speech. How to replenish the vocabulary of the Russian language and what to read for this? It is necessary to study not only fiction, but also popular science, specialized literature of Russian and foreign authors, poetry. It is important to adhere to the following rules:

• slow, thoughtful reading followed by text analysis;


• concentration on new terms, turns, lexical constructions;


• the practice of reading aloud, memorizing, or retelling a text.

Having stumbled upon an unfamiliar word, you need to write it out in a separate notebook / notebook, pick up synonyms, memorize the interpretation and try to apply it in everyday life.

Council number 5. Using dictionaries Specialized textbooks that study the etymology of words can open up new horizons in the native language. You can use both classic volumes from Dahl or Ozhegov, or use online services to learn new words. It is noteworthy that explanatory dictionaries, in addition to interpretation, also contain examples of the use of the term in context, which allows it to be included in the active lexicon.

An obligatory item in working with a dictionary is the transfer of unknown terms into a separate notebook. It is important to review your notes from time to time. Perfectly copes with the task of replenishing the vocabulary of the Russian language with a list of words located in a conspicuous place. Placing stickers with terms in the workplace, refrigerator or mirror involves visual memory in the process of learning new vocabulary. Do not neglect didactic cards: a word is written on one side, and its definition on the other.
Beginning linguists: tricks of learning your native language

• Solving word puzzles. Crossword, scrabble, boggle or cranium - picking up a game to your liking, you can not only have great fun, but also expand your vocabulary, learn to think critically.


• Regular training is the key to success. If the daily “load” is 3 words, then in a month the vocabulary will increase by 90, and in a year - by 1080 words!


• The secret from the series on how to replenish the vocabulary of the Russian language, which many people neglect, is listening to audiobooks, podcasts, lectures and public speeches by cultural and scientific figures. While cleaning or commuting, such activities contribute to the enrichment of lexical baggage.

How to replenish the vocabulary of the Russian language for a student and a child?
Speech abilities in children are formed by the age of five: upon reaching this age, the baby should be able to use various constructions of complex sentences, master the skills of word formation and inflection, and have a sufficient vocabulary. Lack of communication, ignoring reading, violations in pronunciation are factors that lead to the fact that the child has a passive knowledge of speech.

The application of methods of expanding lexical baggage for adults to children is ineffective. The following rules from teachers, speech therapists and neuropsychologists will come to the rescue: they shared the secrets of how to replenish the vocabulary of the Russian language in childhood.

• No confusion! If a child calls mittens gloves and plates saucers, it makes sense to help the child see the differences between these items through visual analysis. For example, by drawing things that cause confusion, examine them in detail and highlight the differences.


• Verbal connection. The game of association allows the child to develop abstract thinking. For example, the kid should pick up several nouns, adjectives and verbs (preferably synonymous) for the word “guitar”: “music” and “sound”, “voiced” and “loud”, “plays” and “strums”.


• Hidden meaning. Concrete thinking is inherent in children up to 7 years old, later they begin to catch the "messages" of the author and learn to read "between the lines". The discussion of proverbs and sayings helps to develop the ability to understand figurative meaning.


• Reading and communication. Important aspects in the question of how to replenish the vocabulary of the Russian language for a baby are communication and reading skills. You should always listen to the child, and also do not forget to instill in him a love of literature.

How to quickly replenish the vocabulary of the Russian language? Use all of the above methods in a complex. It is important to remember that success is achieved only through hard work, and those who are ready to constantly work on themselves become erudite and developed individuals.