Fathers and children are all heroes. Characteristics of the main characters of the work Fathers and Sons, Turgenev. Their images and description Main characters fathers and children

Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" reveals several problems at once. One reflects the conflict of generations and clearly demonstrates a way to get out of it, preserving the main thing - the value of the family. The second one demonstrates the processes taking place in the society of that time. Through dialogues and skillfully crafted images of heroes, a type of public figure that has barely begun to emerge is presented, denying all the foundations of the existing statehood and ridiculing such moral and ethical values ​​as love feelings and sincere affection.

Ivan Sergeevich himself does not take sides in the work. As an author, he condemns both the nobility and representatives of new social and political movements, clearly showing that the value of life and sincere affection is much higher than rebelliousness and political passions.

History of creation

Of all the works of Turgenev, the novel "Fathers and Sons" was the only one written in a short time. From the moment the idea was born to the first publication of the manuscript, only two years passed.

The first thoughts about the new story came to the writer in August 1860 during his stay in England on the Isle of Wight. This was facilitated by Turgenev's acquaintance with a provincial young doctor. Fate pushed them in bad weather on the railway and under the pressure of circumstances, they talked with Ivan Sergeevich all night. New acquaintances were shown those ideas that the reader could later observe in Bazarov's speeches. The doctor became the prototype of the main character.

(The Kirsanov estate from the film "Fathers and Sons", the location of the filming is the Fryanovo estate, 1983)

In the autumn of the same year, upon his return to Paris, Turgenev worked out the plot of the novel and began writing chapters. Within six months, half of the manuscript was ready, and he finished it after his arrival in Russia, in the middle of the summer of 1861.

Until the spring of 1862, reading his novel to friends and giving the manuscript for reading to the editor of the Russian Messenger, Turgenev made corrections to the work. In March of the same year, the novel was published. This version was slightly different from the edition that was published six months later. In it, Bazarov was presented in a more unsightly light and the image of the main character was a bit repulsive.

Analysis of the work

Main plot

The protagonist of the novel, the nihilist Bazarov, together with the young nobleman Arkady Kirsanov, arrives at the Kirsanovs' estate, where the protagonist meets his friend's father and uncle.

Pavel Petrovich is a refined aristocrat who absolutely does not like either Bazarov or the ideas and values ​​​​he shows. Bazarov also does not remain in debt, and no less actively and passionately, he speaks out against the values ​​and morals of the old people.

After that, young people get acquainted with the recently widowed Anna Odintsova. They both fall in love with her, but temporarily hide it not only from the object of adoration, but also from each other. The protagonist is ashamed to admit that he, who spoke vehemently against romanticism and love affection, now suffers from these feelings himself.

The young nobleman begins to be jealous of the lady of the heart for Bazarov, there are omissions between friends and, as a result, Bazarov tells Anna about his feelings. Odintsova prefers him a quiet life and a marriage of convenience.

Gradually, relations between Bazarov and Arkady deteriorate, and Arkady himself is fond of Anna's younger sister Ekaterina.

Relations between the older generation of the Kirsanovs and Bazarov are heating up, it comes to a duel, in which Pavel Petrovich is injured. This puts a bullet between Arkady and Bazarov, and the main character has to return to his father's house. There he becomes infected with a deadly disease and dies in the arms of his own parents.

At the end of the novel, Anna Sergeevna Odintsova marries for convenience, Arkady and Ekaterina, as well as Fenechka and Nikolai Petrovich, marry. They play their weddings on the same day. Uncle Arkady leaves the estate and goes to live abroad.

Heroes of Turgenev's novel

Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov

Bazarov is a medical student, by social status, a simple man, the son of a military doctor. He is seriously interested in the natural sciences, shares the beliefs of nihilists and denies romantic attachments. He is self-confident, proud, ironic and mocking. Bazarov does not like to talk much.

In addition to love, the protagonist does not share admiration for art, has little faith in medicine, regardless of the education he receives. Not referring to himself as a romantic nature, Bazarov loves beautiful women and, at the same time, despises them.

The most interesting moment in the novel is when the hero himself begins to experience those feelings, the existence of which he denied and ridiculed. Turgenev clearly demonstrates the intrapersonal conflict, at the moment when the feelings and beliefs of a person diverge.

Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov

One of the central characters of Turgenev's novel is a young and educated nobleman. He is only 23 years old and barely graduated from university. Due to his youth and temperament, he is naive and easily falls under the influence of Bazarov. Outwardly, he shares the beliefs of the nihilists, but in his heart, and further in the story it is clear, he appears as a generous, gentle and very sentimental young man. Over time, the hero himself understands this.

Unlike Bazarov, Arkady likes to speak a lot and beautifully, he is emotional, cheerful and values ​​affection. He believes in marriage. Despite the conflict between fathers and children shown at the beginning of the novel, Arkady loves both his uncle and his father.

Odintsova Anna Sergeevna is an early widowed rich person who at one time married not out of love, but out of calculation in order to save herself from poverty. One of the main characters of the novel loves peace and her own independence. She never loved anyone and never became attached to anyone.

For the main characters, she looks beautiful and inaccessible, because she does not reciprocate with anyone. Even after the death of the hero, she remarries, and again by calculation.

The younger sister of the widow Odintsova, Katya, is very young. She is only 20 years old. Catherine is one of the most endearing and pleasant characters in the novel. She is kind, sociable, observant and at the same time demonstrates independence and obstinacy, which only paint a young lady. She comes from a family of poor nobles. Her parents died when she was only 12 years old. Since then, she has been raised by her older sister, Anna. Ekaterina is afraid of her and feels uncomfortable under the gaze of Odintsova.

The girl loves nature, thinks a lot, she is direct and not flirtatious.

Father of Arkady (brother of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov). Widower. He is 44 years old, he is a completely harmless person and an undemanding owner. He is soft, kind, attached to his son. By nature, he is a romantic, he likes music, nature, poetry. Nikolai Petrovich loves a quiet, calm, measured life in the countryside.

At one time he married for love and lived happily in marriage until his wife died. For many years he could not come to his senses after the death of his beloved, but over the years he found love again and she became Fenechka, a simple and poor girl.

Refined aristocrat, 45 years old, uncle of Arkady. At one time he served as an officer of the guard, but because of Princess R. his life changed. A secular lion in the past, a heartthrob who easily won the love of women. All his life he built in the English style, read newspapers in a foreign language, conducted business and life.

Kirsanov is a clear adherent of liberal views and a man of principles. He is self-confident, proud and mocking. Love at one time knocked him down, and from a lover of noisy companies, he became an ardent misanthrope who in every possible way avoided the company of people. In his heart, the hero is unhappy and at the end of the novel he finds himself far from his loved ones.

Analysis of the plot of the novel

The main plot of Turgenev's novel, which has become classic, is Bazarov's conflict with the society in which he found himself by the will of fate. A society that does not support his views and ideals.

The conditional plot of the plot is the appearance of the main character in the Kirsanovs' house. In the course of communication with other characters, conflicts and clashes of views are demonstrated, which test Evgeny's beliefs for stamina. This also happens within the framework of the main love line - in the relationship between Bazarov and Odintsova.

Contradiction is the main technique that the author used when writing the novel. It is reflected not only in its title and is demonstrated in the conflict, but also reflected in the repetition of the protagonist's route. Bazarov ends up twice on the Kirsanovs' estate, visits Odintsova twice, and also returns twice to his parents' house.

The denouement of the plot is the death of the protagonist, with which the writer wanted to demonstrate the collapse of the thoughts expressed by the hero throughout the novel.

In his work, Turgenev clearly showed that in the cycle of all ideologies and political disputes there is a large, complex and diverse life, where traditional values, nature, art, love and sincere, deep affections always win.

In 1862, Turgenev wrote the novel Fathers and Sons. During this period, a final break is outlined between the two social camps: the liberal and the revolutionary-democratic. In his work, Turgenev showed a man of a new era. This is a democrat-raznochinets Bazarov. Throughout almost the entire novel, Bazarov is accompanied by his friend Arkady. By origin, and by social status, they belong to different social classes. According to his convictions, Bazarov is "a democrat to the end of his nails." Friends study together at the university, and they are connected by several years of friendship.

At first, Arkady falls under the influence of Bazarov, he wants to be like Yevgeny, and at the same time he sincerely shares the views of an older and more authoritative comrade. Arkady is forced to join the nihilists by "young courage and youthful enthusiasm." But he is not guided by the ideas of Bazarov in life. They do not become an organic part of him, so he will so easily refuse them later. In the future, Bazarov says to Arkady: "Our dust will eat your eyes out, our dirt will stain you." That is, Arkady is not ready for the "tart, bitter bean life" of a revolutionary.

Bazarov, giving an assessment of the life of a revolutionary, is both right and wrong. Breaking the established foundations, traditions, views always provokes the fierce resistance of the old world, and the advanced fighters have a hard time. The revolutionary-democratic ideal of happiness is revolutionary activity for the benefit of the people, despite personal hardships.

Arkady, of course, is not ready for this, since he is, in the words of Yevgeny, "a soft liberal barich." In the "young fervor" the liberals do not go beyond a noble effervescence, and for Bazarov this is "trifles." The liberals do not "fight", but "think they are good fellows; the revolutionaries want to fight." Giving an assessment of Arkady, Bazarov identifies him with the entire liberal camp. Spoiled by life in a noble estate, Arkady "involuntarily admires himself", he is pleased to "scold himself." Bazarov is bored, he "needs to break others." Arkady only wanted to seem like a revolutionary, there was a lot of youthful posturing in him, but in his heart he always remained a "liberal nobleman."

But Arkady still does not understand this. For the time being, he considers himself a "fighter" and appreciates Bazarov for his willpower, energy, and ability to work. At the Kirsanovs' estate, Bazarov is initially welcomed cordially. Arkady asks his relatives to take care of Bazarov. But the revolutionary democratism of Bazarov absolutely does not fit with the liberal aristocracy of the Kirsanovs' house. He does not fit into their life of idleness. And here, on a visit, Bazarov continues to work. The way of life of friends on the estate is expressed by the author's phrase: "Arkady was a sybarite, Bazarov worked." Bazarov conducts experiments, reads special books, collects collections, treats village peasants. According to Bazarov, labor is a necessary condition for life. Arkady is never shown at work. Here, in the estate, Bazarov's attitude to both nature and the people is also revealed.

Bazarov considers nature not a temple, but a workshop, and the person in it is a worker. For Arkady, as well as for the rest of the Kirsanovs, nature is an object of admiration, contemplation. For Bazarov, this attitude means nobility. He objects to the prayerful contemplation of nature, meaningless from his point of view, enjoying its beauty. It requires an active relationship to nature, to the world around us. He himself. treats nature like a caring owner. Nature pleases him when he sees the fruits of active intervention in it. And here, too, the points of view of Arkady and Bazarov diverge, although Arkady has not yet spoken about this.

The attitude of Bazarov and Arkady is different both to love and to a woman. Bazarov is skeptical about love. He says that only a fool can feel free with a woman. But acquaintance with Odintsova changes his views on love. She impresses Bazarov with her beauty, charm, ability to behave with dignity and tact. A feeling for her arises when spiritual communication begins between them.

Odintsova is smart, able to understand Bazarov's originality. Eugene, despite outward cynicism, discovers in love both an aesthetic feeling, and high spiritual demands, and respect for the woman he loves. But Odintsova is essentially an epicurean lady. Peace is above all for her. Therefore, she extinguishes in herself the emerging feeling for Bazarov. And in this situation, Bazarov behaves with dignity, does not become limp and continues to work.

Arkady's acquaintance with Katya, Odintsova's younger sister, reveals that his ideal is "closer", that is, he is in the family, on the estate. Arkady realized that he was "no longer that arrogant boy", that he still "asked himself tasks that were beyond his power", that is, Arkady admits that the life of a revolutionary is not for him. Yes, and Katya herself says that Bazarov is "predatory", and Arkady is "tame".

Bazarov is close to serfs. For them, he is "his brother, not a gentleman." This is confirmed by Bazarov's speech, in which there are many folk proverbs and sayings, and his simplicity in communicating with ordinary people. Although the peasants on his father's estate treat Bazarov like a gentleman, in all other episodes of the novel for the people he is more "their own" than any of the Kirsanovs. Arkady to a greater extent remains for people a gentleman, a master. True, it also happens that some unfamiliar peasant mistook Bazarov for an eccentric when he wanted to "talk to the people." But this happened infrequently.

In addition, Bazarov is demanding, one might even say, too demanding of himself. He tells Arkady that "each person must educate himself." His commitment to nihilism leads to the fact that he begins to be ashamed of natural human feelings. He seeks to suppress their manifestations in himself. Hence some dryness of Bazarov, even in relation to the closest people. But to the question of Arkady, does Bazarov love his parents, he answers simply and sincerely: "I love you, Arkady!",

However, it should be noted that Bazarov's parents hopelessly "lagged behind" their son. They cannot go not only on a par, but also after him. True, this "backwardness" of the old Bazarovs does not deserve Enyushka's not entirely respectful, and sometimes - and simply indifferent - attitude towards them. Can old people be required to think and act like young people? Isn't it thanks to the efforts of his parents that Bazarov gets an education? In this case, Bazarov's maximalism looks very unattractive, Arkady loves his loved ones, but seems to be embarrassed by this love. Bazarov gives a well-aimed, exhaustive, but at the same time rather evil characterization of Arkady's father and uncle, to which Arkady objects, but somehow sluggishly. By this, he seems to support the point of view of Bazarov, who believes that a nihilist should not express his feelings. Arkady flared up only when Bazarov called his uncle an "idiot" behind his back. Perhaps it was at this moment that the first serious crack appeared in the relationship of friends.

It should be noted that Bazarov's nihilism, unfortunately, leads to the denial of old and new art. For him, "Raphael is not worth a penny, and they (that is, new artists) are no better than him." He declares that "it's stupid to play the cello at forty-four," and to read Pushkin in general "is no good at all." Art Bazarov considers a form of profit. For him, "a decent chemist is more useful than any poet," and art is not capable of changing anything in life. This is the extreme of Bazar's nihilism. Bazarov emphasizes the importance of scientists for Russia, since in science Russia at that time lagged behind the West. But Arkady really loves poetry, and he would read Pushkin if Bazarov was not around.

Arkady and Bazarov seem to oppose each other; At first, this confrontation is completely imperceptible, but gradually, in the course of the development of the action, it intensifies and comes to an open conflict and a break in friendly relations. This is one of the aspects of the conflict nature of the novel, expressed by the method of contrast. Note that in this case it is no longer "fathers" and "children" that are in conflict, but, so to speak, "children" with "children". Thus, the break between Bazarov and Arkady is inevitable.

Arkady is not ready for the "tart, bitter bean life" of a revolutionary. Bazarov and Arkady say goodbye forever. Eugene parted with Arkady without saying a single friendly word to him, and to express them for Bazarov is "romanticism",

Arkady finds the ideal of life in the family. Bazarov dies, remaining true to his views. It is before death that the strength of his convictions is tested. Arkady did not instill nihilistic convictions. He understands that the life of a revolutionary democrat is not for him. Bazarov dies a nihilist, and Arkady remains a "liberal nobleman." And at the end of the novel, Arkady refuses to commemorate his former friend at the common table.

Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov- the central character of the novel; commoner, staunch democrat and nihilist. As a medical student, he has a skeptical attitude towards the world. Confessing nihilism, he is the ideological mentor of Arkady Kirsanov and the main opponent in disputes with Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. He used to hide his real feelings under the guise of an indifferent pragmatist. Having met Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, she is subjected to a test of love, which in the end does not stand up.

Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov- hereditary nobleman; friend of E. V. Bazarov, son of N. P. Kirsanov from his first marriage. At the beginning of the novel, he shares the nihilistic views of E. V. Bazarov and is his student, but subsequently refuses his ideas. By nature, he has a soft sentimental character. In love with a girl Katya, whom he later marries.

Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov- landowner; father of A.N. Kirsanov and brother of P.P. Kirsanov. Like his son, he is endowed with a calm and subtle nature. He loves a young peasant woman, Fenechka, from whom he will have a son, Mitya. Passionate about poetry and art in general, in one of the episodes he reads Arkady Pushkin. Upon the arrival of Bazarov, he cordially receives him; unlike his brother, he does not take part in disputes about nihilism.

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov- retired guards officer, brother of N.P. Kirsanov, an aristocrat, strictly committed to the principles of liberalism. In disputes with Bazarov, Pavel Petrovich is his main ideological opponent, who vehemently defends his point of view. The themes of love, nature, art, and science often become the source of disputes between the two heroes.

Anna Sergeevna Odintsova is a landowner who became a widow in her young years. Upon receiving Arkady and Bazarov, he becomes the subject of the latter's interest. Cold and reasonable, she prefers a quiet, calm life to violent unrest, which is why she refuses Bazarov in love.

Ekaterina Sergeevna Lokteva- landowner, younger sister of A. S. Odintsova. A quiet, kind and modest girl, brought up under the strict guidance of her sister. She loves nature and loves music. At the end of the novel, he marries Arkady.

bauble- a young peasant woman in the Kirsanovs' house, beloved of Nikolai Petrovich. Despite her lack of education, she is endowed with all the virtues of a meek and sympathetic girl. From Nikolai Petrovich, he has a little son, Mitya. In the last chapter, it is shown that she becomes Kirsanov's wife.

Option 2

In 1862 I.S. Turgenev created the novel "Fathers and Sons", in which he reveals the important problem of conflict between generations. This problem helps to reveal a whole system of heroes, different in character.

The first in the book before the reader appears Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. He is an aristocrat, a landowner, but he is completely incapable of handling the economy and the estate. He is a person who respects the traditions of his parents and follows them. Nikolai Petrovich received a full education, loves art, plays the cello himself and reads Pushkin. Despite the divergence of views with his son, Kirsanov does not conflict and tries to understand and accept his worldview. At the moment when Arkady takes Pushkin's collection from him and puts a book by some German writer, Nikolai Petrovich does not get angry with him, but only smiles.

At the beginning of the work, the son of Nikolai Arkady and his friend Yevgeny Bazarov come to the Kirsanov estate. Both of them are people of the 60s. He has different views on life from his father, but in general they are similar in nature. He has a rather gentle character, he is also educated and easily understands his father. After communicating with Bazarov, Arkady falls under his influence and tries to be a nihilist, but in fact he is a sentimental romantic like Nikolai Petrovich. Soon the young man realizes this and falls in love with Katya.

Bazarov Evgeny- the son of a simple doctor, raznochinets. He did not receive a proper education and could not hold high positions. He covers up his insignificance with the denial of everything - nihilism. He can treat people perfectly, but Russia does not need him. "First you need to clear the place," says Bazarov to Nikolai Petrovich. He destroys all the foundations, customs, and he no longer cares who will build a new one. Bazarov is presented in the form of an "extra person". And such his beliefs influenced his fate. He would never become a musician, an artist, because he does not recognize art in all its manifestations. It is important for him that a person be useful to society. Because of nihilism, he considered his falling in love with a mistake and began to fight these feelings, crush romance in himself. He began to experience depression amid the fact that he internally betrayed his beliefs. At the same moment, he decides to go to treat a typhoid man. Employment of thoughts, reflections led to injury and infection through the blood. On the basis of different views on life, Evgeny and Pavel Kirsanov begin to clash. The second one is trying to kindle all disputes, since he cannot tolerate such a person nearby, in whom he sees a competitor to himself.

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov- brother of the previously mentioned Nicholas. Despite their relationship, their characters are completely different. Like his brother, he is educated, an aristocrat. He always holds himself high, does not allow weakness, swagger in himself and does not tolerate it from others, strictly observing the principles. He loves everything in the English manner. He is a smart man, but bilious, who does not tolerate rivals, for example, Bazarov. "He was not born a romantic, and his smartly dry and passionate, French-style misanthropic soul did not know how to dream..." - this is how the author characterizes it. The character of Nikolai Petrovich is revealed in the story about him by Arkady. In his youth, the hero experienced a personal drama: he went up the career ladder, but unhappy love destroyed everything. Beloved Princess R. dies and Pavel Petrovich gives up hope for a happy life.

At one of the evenings, young people meet Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. This is a strong, calm woman, a widowed countess with a rather vivid life story, during which she experienced a lot of things and now her desire for peace is due to this. By the age of 20, her father had lost all his means and was forced to go to the village, where he soon died, leaving his daughters practically nothing. Anna did not give up and discharged the old princess Avdotya Stepanovna Kh., but the upbringing of her twelve-year-old sister was not easy. By a lucky chance, the heroine marries a certain Odintsov, a wealthy sedate man, who dies after 6 years, leaving her a huge fortune. “She went through fire and water ... and copper pipes,” people said about Anna. She always remained calm and friendly, her eyes expressed serene attention to the interlocutor.

Sister Katherine 8 years younger than Anna, she was a calm and intelligent girl, with a meek and gentle look. Arkady listened to her playing the piano and fell in love. At the end of the work, young people play a wedding.

On the same evening is Evdoxia Nikitishna Kukshina. This is an ugly, unkempt woman with a new and progressive outlook on life, fighting for women's rights. "Emancipe" calls her Bazarov.

Also at the end of the work, Nikolai Petrovich marries bauble- a peasant woman serving in the Kirsanovs' house. They have a son, Mitya, after learning about whom Arkady partially condemns his father because they are not yet married.

Bazarov's parents- impoverished people. His father was a doctor, and his mother was a noblewoman by birth. Both love their only son.

The main characters of the work Fathers and Sons (Description of characters)

The composition of the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" is monocentric, which means that all the characters are subordinated to one goal: to reveal the image of the protagonist.

Evgeny Bazarov is a 30-year-old medical student. By social status, Bazarov is a commoner, and by origin he is the son of a simple doctor who says about his grandfather that he plowed the land. Bazarov is proud of his roots and feels close to the people.

Bazarov is a rather cold person. He cannot find a common language even with his own parents. Bazarov can be called "an extra person." This is closely related to his beliefs. Evgeny Bazarov is a nihilist who is critical of all generally accepted values.
This theory of nihilism influences the fate of the hero. He denies love, but falls in love himself, he wants to be closer to the people, but there is a wall of misunderstanding between them. But Bazarov does not give up his convictions, he tries to suppress them. The theory, faced with real life, does not stand up and breaks the hero. Against the background of these internal fractures, he decides to treat the typhoid peasant, which leads him to infection and death.

To show all the convictions of Bazarov the nihilist, Turgenev confronts the hero with the older generation, a prominent representative of which is Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. This is an aristocrat. Unlike Bazarov, he is far from the people and will never be able to understand him. Kirsanov takes an example from English culture: clothes, books, manners.

Throughout the novel, the author pushes the views of Kirsanov and Bazarov on various issues. Pavel Petrovich cannot understand how one can live and not believe in anything. He believes that only people without moral values ​​can do without principles. The points of view of the characters constantly clash. And then we see that Kirsanov is a man of a bygone era. This is also indicated by the history of his life.

Pavel Petrovich, the son of a military general, who dreams of becoming a military man, thanks to his determination, by the age of 28 he really achieved a lot. However, an unsuccessful love for the mysterious Princess R turned his whole life upside down: he quits his service and does nothing else. In the image of Pavel Petrovich, a whole generation is represented, which can only live out its life.

Another image necessary to reveal the main character is the image of Anna Odintsova. The author tests Bazarov with love. Odintsova is a young rich widow of twenty-eight. She is smart, beautiful and, most importantly, independent of anyone. Odintsova loves comfort and peace of life very much. It is the fear of destroying a quiet life that breaks off all the love relationships of the heroine with Bazarov. However, Bazarov, going against his theory, irrevocably falls in love with Odintsov and does not pass the love test.

Another representative of the "fathers" is Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. However, he doesn't look like his brother at all. He is kind, gentle and romantic. Nikolai Petrovich prefers a quiet, calm life in ancient times. He is madly in love with his son Arkasha.

Arkady Kirsanov is a young educated nobleman. Having fallen under the spell of Bazarov, he also tries to be a nihilist. But soon the soft and sentimental hero realizes that he was not created to be a nihilist.

The images of Arkady and two "pseudo-nihilists" - Kukshina and Sitnikov - emphasize the theory of nihilism. They try to imitate Bazarov, but it looks quite funny. Both Kukshina and Sitnikov do not have their own views. These images are given as a parody of nihilism. They are described by Turgenev satirically.

If Anna Odintsova is a love test for Bazarov, and Princess R is for Pavel Petrovich, then there are also female images that perform the same function. The image of Katya, with whom Arkady falls in love, is needed in order for him to get rid of the ideas of nihilism. Fenechka, she is closest to the ideal type of Turgenev's girl. She is simple and natural.

Bazarov's parents, Vasily Ivanovich and Arina Vlasyevna, are simple and kind people who love their son very much. Outwardly, Bazarov treats his parents dryly, but still he loves them. Here Bazarov the theoretician and Bazarov the man collide.

Important in the work are the images of ordinary men. Bazarov indicates his closeness to the people, understands all their problems, but there is no mutual understanding between them. The common people are alien to Bazarov.

I. S. Turgenev showed great skill, describing various types of heroes, thereby revealing the image of the main character - Bazarov.

Sample 4

Evgeny Bazarov

Evgeny Vasilievich Bazarov is about 30 years old, he is fond of natural sciences, he is studying to be a doctor. Bazarov considers himself a nihilist, he rejects art and love, he recognizes only facts proven by science. Evgeny Bazarov is sharp in his judgments, a hard and cold person.

Bazarov falls in love with Odintsova. The feeling that the characters have for Anna Sergeevna destroys the nihilistic theories and ideals of Yevgeny. Bazarov can hardly cope with the collapse of his ideals.

Eugene becomes infected with typhoid when a person suffering from this disease is autopsied. A brief illness kills the hero.

Arkady Kirsanov

Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov - Bazarov's junior comrade. Arkady is 23 years old. The hero considers himself a student of Bazarov, but he does not delve into nihilistic ideas. After graduating from the university, he returned home to Maryino. Arkady is a kind and unsophisticated hero. He respects the noble way of life, loves art and nature, believes in real feelings. Arkady marries Katerina Lokteva. In family life, the young man finds his happiness.

Nikolai Kirsanov

Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov is the father of Arkady Kirsanov. Nikolai Petrovich is a nobleman and landowner. In his youth, he wanted to become a military man, but could not do it because of his lameness. Kirsanov is a smart and kind person. His first wife was the daughter of an official. The hero loved his wife. Nikolai Petrovich was widowed early. From his first marriage he had a son, Arkady, whom he loves very much. Bazarov calls Nikolai Kirsanov a "golden man" for his kindness, hospitality, and warmth in communication.

Nikolai Kirsanov has a romantic temperament, he is a calm, gentle person. Kirsanov marries a peasant girl, Fenechka, and they have a son, Mitya.

Pavel Kirsanov

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov - the elder brother of Nikolai Kirsanov, uncle of Arkady. Pavel Petrovich is a proud, narcissistic, arrogant person. He considers himself an aristocrat with refined manners. Unrequited love happened in the life of Pavel Petrovich, the hero is internally unhappy. The elder Kirsanov goes abroad, practically does not keep in touch with his relatives.

Minor characters

Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov and Arina Vasilievna Bazarova

Parents of Evgeny Bazarov. Vasily Bazarov is engaged in medical practice, helping the peasants. Good talkative person. Arina Bazarova is a sweet elderly woman belonging to a noble family. She is pious and superstitious. Arina Vasilievna loves her son, it is very difficult for him to experience his death.

Odintsova

Anna Sergeevna Odintsova is a young landowner, 28 years old. After the death of her parents, the younger sister Katerina remained in the care of the girl. Anna Sergeevna married Odintsov, a middle-aged nobleman. Some time later she became a widow. Odintsova and her sister live in Nikolskoye, on the estate of Anna Sergeevna.

Odintsova has a beautiful appearance. Anna Sergeevna has an independent, resolute character, a well-read and cold mind. A woman is accustomed to luxury and comfort, leads a secluded lifestyle from secular society.

Ekaterina Sergeevna Lokteva

The younger sister of Anna Odintsova, she is 20 years old. A modest and intelligent girl who loves music and nature. Katerina is afraid of her sister's tough temper, the girl was brought up in strictness. Katerina is practically overwhelmed by her sister's authority. However, unlike Odintsova, the girl found her happiness: the mutual love of Arkady and Katerina grew into a strong union.

Victor Sitnikov

Considers himself a student of Evgeny Bazarov. Sitnikov is a timid, weak-willed person who follows fashion trends. The hero is ashamed of his noble origin. Victor's main dream is public recognition, fame. After marriage, a weak character also manifests itself in family relationships. The hero obeys his wife in everything.

Avdotya Kukshina

Avdotya is an acquaintance of Bazarov and Sitnikov. Avdotya lives separately from her husband, which was a rarity in those days. Kukshina has no children. Avdotya manages the estate herself. Kukshina is untidy, according to the author, she is not a beautiful woman. Avdotya likes to spend her free time reading and is fond of chemistry. At the end of the story, the reader learns that she went abroad to study architecture.

bauble

A peasant girl, simple and kind. She most of all fits the description of the ideal of the Turgenev girl. The author admires the sincerity and openness of the heroine. At the end of the story, Fenechka becomes the wife of Nikolai Kirsanov.

Peter

Servant of Pavel Kirsanov. Peter, like the elder Kirsanov, is a narcissistic, arrogant person.

Princess R.

Nelly is the enigmatic heroine of the novel. She became the love of Pavel Petrovich's life, had a significant impact on his fate.

Characteristics of the main characters of the work Fathers and Sons, Turgenev

­ Bazarov

Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov is the main character of the novel, the son of a regimental doctor, a medical student, a friend of Arkady Kirsanov. Bazarov is the brightest representative of the youth and the raznochinno-democratic intelligentsia of the middle of the XIX century. Calling himself a "nihilist", he denies the established social order and rejects any principles. Read more>>>

Arkady Kirsanov

A young nobleman, son of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov and friend of Bazarov. After graduating from university, he returned to his father's house in Maryino with a friend whom he considers his spiritual mentor. Unlike Bazarov, he treats “nihilism”, that is, the rejection of everything, superficially, without going into details. Read more>>>

Odintsova

A beautiful aristocrat of 29 years old, whom Bazarov fell in love with. She refers herself to a new generation of nobles: simple, calm, devoid of snobbery, preaching freedom of opinion and democracy. By nature, Anna Sergeevna is proud and smart. Left without a father early, she raised her younger sister. Read more>>>

Nikolai Petrovich

note

One of the main characters of the novel, Arkady Kirsanov's father and Pavel Petrovich's brother. In the past he was happily married, but remained a widower. Now he has a young girl, Fenechka, who bore him a son. Despite the fact that Nikolai Petrovich is no longer young, he tries to keep up with the times, is interested in music, poetry and art in general. Read more>>>

Pavel Petrovich

Brother of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov, uncle of Arkady and Bazarov's main opponent.

He acts as the main opponent in ideological disputes with Bazarov and, by the strength of his character, is a worthy rival to him.

Pavel Petrovich is distinguished by his principles, insight, aristocracy, high intellect, sharp mind, nobility, willpower, liberal views and a passion for everything English. Read more>>>

bauble

She is one of the main female characters in the novel. She is an ordinary peasant girl, orphaned early. Fenechka's mother, Arina Savishna, worked as a housekeeper on the estate of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. When she died, he took care of the young Fenechka, with whom he later fell in love. Read more>>>

Kukshina

A minor character in the novel, an emancipated landowner, a friend of Sitnikov, a pseudo-Hilist. She imitates the most extreme manifestations of radicalism, is constantly interested in the "women's question" and the status of women throughout the world, is fond of the natural sciences, George Sand despises. Read more>>>

Sitnikov

A minor character in the novel, a friend and student of Bazarov, a pseudo-nihilist. He is characterized by anxious tension, as well as canine devotion to his "teacher". He tries in vain to imitate Bazarov, making him his idol. In an attempt to behave freely and boldly, to show harshness of judgments and actions, he looks comical. Read more>>>

Kate

Odintsova's younger sister. A young and shy girl of 18 years old. Their love with Arkady developed slowly, but gradually the young people fell in love with each other and got married. In the future, their son Kolya was born.

Vasily Ivanovich

Bazarov's father, retired staff doctor. Lives on a remote estate, has few serf souls. Engaged in the treatment of local peasants. Enjoys gardening and gardening. Eugene he had the only son, after whose death his life also faded.

Arina Vlasevna

Bazarov's mother, a kind woman who passionately loves her son. She was very pious and believed in everything that was possible: in goblin, dreams, signs, fortune-telling, damage, and even the end of the world. In her youth she was beautiful, played the clavichord and knew French. Now she has grown fat, she has forgotten music and language. The death of her son almost killed her.

Prokofich

A servant in the Kirsanov household, a thin old man of about sixty. Nikolai Petrovich called him a grump. The only servant who did not like Bazarov.

Dunyasha

A servant in the Kirsanovs' house, a young girl who helps Fenechka take care of her little son Mitya. She really liked Bazarov.

Peter

Valet in the Kirsanovs' house. Stupid and selfish person. Able to read in syllables. At the end of the book, he married the daughter of a city gardener and received a good dowry. She chose him only because he had a watch.

Mitya

Little son of Nikolai Petrovich and Fenechka. He is not even a year old.

Matvey Ilyich

A noble relative of the Kirsanovs, to whom Arkady and Bazarov went from the estate. He advised them to go to the governor and take an invitation to the ball.

Governor

A fussy and forgetful person. He invited Bazarov and Kirsanov to his big ball, where they met Odintsova.

Princess X

Anna Sergeevna Odintsova's aunt, a thin and small old woman, a princess. After the death of her husband, Odintsova invited her to live in her estate and manage it. Now no one paid attention to her, although they were treated with respect and well looked after. She died shortly after the death of Bazarov.

Porfiry Platonych

Odintsova's neighbor, who often came to play cards with her. He was small in stature, cheerful and already a gray-haired man. He liked to tell jokes.

Timofeich

Father Bazarov's clerk, former uncle Evgeny. He came for him to Odintsova, said that his parents were waiting for him. He also came to her to bring her to the dying Bazarov.

Fedka

Servant in the Bazarovs' house. Upon the arrival of Bazarov with Arkady, he began to serve them. For the sake of their arrival, he was dressed in different clothes and given new boots, to which he could not get used.

Doctor Odintsova

He came with Odintsova to examine the sick Bazarov, immediately determined that he had no chance of surviving, which he managed to whisper to her before she met him.

see also:
Summary Fathers and sons, Turgenev

Compositions based on the work Fathers and Sons, Turgenev

Brief biography of Ivan Turgenev

Characteristics of heroes and characters of other literary works

Characteristics of the characters "Fathers and Sons": a brief description of the characters, a quotation table

The plot of the novel "Fathers and Sons" by Turgenev is built around a dispute between the old way of life and new views. The first represent two heroes of the work: the landowners brothers Nikolai and Pavel Kirsanov.

Pavel senior. He is a bachelor, a retired officer. His character is heavy - he is used to the fact that everyone agrees with him. His younger brother Nikolai prefers peace in the shadow of his brother.

Pavel's opponent - Yevgeny Bazarov - is a friend of his nephew Arkady. Bazarov is from a poor family, he despises the old order, but just like Pavel Kirsanov, he strives to become an indisputable authority. Arkady Kirsanov can be called a minor character.

Table characteristics of the characters "Fathers and Sons"?

There are not very many main characters in the work "Fathers and Sons".

First, this is Evgeny Bazarov. A very confident young man. Practically revolutionary. I wanted serfdom to be abolished, the wealthy began to work. He considered Russian people dark, and not particularly intellectually developed. Nihilist.

Secondly, Arkady Kirsanov. He is a friend of Eugene, he is only 23 years old, but he is very led by his friend, gentle, at the same time he loves life, his wife and relatives.

Thirdly, N. P. Kirsanov is the father of Arkady. Refers to the older generation. He did not serve because his leg was broken, he is engaged in his landowner's affairs, but not very well. Loves children.

Fourthly, P. P. Kirsanov is the brother of Arkady Kirsanov. Self-satisfied, caustic and at the same time a dandy, loves high society. From the very beginning, he disliked Evgeny Bazarov.

Fifthly, Anna Odintsova is a typical woman of that time. Cold, prudent, but knows how to show tenderness and gentleness when she needs it.

Quote characteristics of the characters "Fathers and Sons"?

The novel "Fathers and Sons" is one of my favorite works since school, I have re-read it several times, and each time it is perceived differently. I guess it's a matter of age. When the worldview changes, the attitude towards different heroes also changes.

I suggest you take a look at the specs. P.P. Kirsanov: in terms of appearance, he is of average height. His appearance appears graceful and thoroughbred. His face is without wrinkles, and his eyes are bright, oblong. He is the son of a general, was brought up at home, after - in the Corps of Pages.

Evgeny Bazarov- tall, his face is thin and long, his forehead is wide. The nose is pointed, the eyes are large and greenish. The son of a doctor, studied at the medical faculty.

Brief description of the characters "Fathers and Sons"?

There are five main characters in the work of Ivan Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". This is the father and son of the Kirsanovs, the uncle of the family, a friend of the younger Kirsanov, Bazarov, and the landowner, a neighbor of the Kirsanovs, Odintsova.

Senior Kirsanov is a quiet and peaceful person, prone to compromises. His brother is Pavel, a self-confident, proud and wayward man, a retired officer.

Arkady is the younger Kirsanov, a spineless young man who easily falls under the influence of Bazarov. Evgeny Bazarov is a nihilist. He is stubborn, does not back down in an argument, and has a keen interest in science. Anna Odintsova is a prudent woman who is afraid of strong feelings.

Roman I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" in the tables

1. The idea of ​​the novel

2. Plot and composition

3. Bazarov's theory

4. Major conflicts in the novel

1. The idea of ​​the novel

Notes in England 1860: Bazarov - “... not without cynicism, phrases and real abilities. Nihilist. Self-confident, speaks abruptly and a little, hardworking (a mixture of Dobrolyubov, Pavlov and Preobrazhensky). Lives small, does not want to be a doctor, waiting for a chance. He knows how to speak with the people, although in his heart he despises them. He does not have and does not recognize an artistic element ... He knows quite a lot - he is energetic, he can be liked by his swagger, in fact, the most fruitless subject - for without any enthusiasm and faith ... An independent soul and a proud man of the first hand. ? I. S. Turgenev in a letter to Sluchevsky on April 14, 1862: “I wanted to make a tragic face out of him - there was no time for tenderness.”

Criticism about the story "duel" Kuprin, reviews of contemporary critics

2.Plot and composition

At the center of the story - Bazarov's figure. All storylines are drawn to him: in the novel there is not a single significant episode in which Bazarov would not participate. Through relationships with the characters, the author reveals the character of Bazarov,

Bazarov
And
Arkady Kirsanov

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov

Anna Sergeevna Odintsova

Bazarov's parents

Sitnikov and Kukshina

If you arrange all the events taking place in the novel in one row, you get the following pattern:

First round

Arrival in Maryino (M)
Brings dissonance into the usual way of life in the Kirsanovs' estate. Bazarov defends his theory of “nihilism”: “... we act by virtue of what we recognize as useful. At the present time, denial is most useful - we deny.

First meeting with Odintsova (O)
Anna Sergeevna Odintsova meets Bazarov on her life path, who is sure that there is no and cannot be love. “Let's see what category of mammals this person belongs to”, “... such a rich body, even now in the anatomical theater,” - this is how Bazarov speaks of one of the most beautiful women.

Arrival at the parents' estate (P)
“... I don’t understand why a person lives to such a strange state when he suddenly finds himself “nothing to say” to his father and mother ...” (M. Gorky)

The “watershed” between the first and second circles was the second meeting with Odintsova (Bazarov was visiting her on the estate). The hero is confused by the feelings that have awakened in his soul, but he does not believe in their possibility. But the longer Evgeny is visiting Odintsova, the more often they meet, the stronger Bazarov's feelings for Anna Sergeevna turn out to be. It turns out that a person who is confident in the correctness and steadfastness of his convictions “breaks down” at the first meeting with life. Bazarov emerges from the "test of love" having enriched his soul. Although the discovery of the ability to love in oneself became painful and difficult for Bazarov, after that he becomes more understandable and humane.

Second round

Arrival in Maryino (M)
Eugene denied the principles, but he himself was unable to step over them and accepted Pavel Petrovich's challenge to a duel. His disregard for the aristocracy turned out to be only words, but in fact he could not rise above the prejudices and beliefs of the aristocrats.

Bazarov visits Odintsova (O)
The love of the hero is rejected by Anna Sergeevna, she is frightened by the power of feelings that he was capable of: "... You didn't understand me ..." - says Odintsova.

Bazarov with parents (P)
Eugene demonstrates his cold attitude towards his parents, is burdened by their care and love, but he cannot hide his affection and tenderness for his old people before his death.

If the first circle helps us understand the provisions of the theory of nihilism, then the second circle becomes the circle of "debunking" each of Bazarov's denials. And, of course, the most powerful blow to the theory of nihilism and Bazarov himself is dealt by love and life itself.

3. Bazarov's theory

Bazarov is a nihilist, he calls himself that. His views and the theory of negation evoke different feelings. Bazarov denies everything:

art
"A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet" "Rafael is not worth a penny"

nature as an object of admiration
“Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it”

love
"rubbish"

and even…
Pavel Petrovich is trying to clarify how far Mr. Nihilist has gone in his denials. And Bazarov horrifies both older Kirsanovs with his answer: - We deny - Everything? - Everything. - How? Not only art, poetry ... but also ... it's terrible to say ... - Everything, - Bazarov repeated with inexpressible calmness. The reader can only guess what is behind this categorical "everything", this is religion, and faith, and even death.

4. Major conflicts in the novel

Fathers and Sons
Theory and life

The most acute clash occurs between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.
Main conflict in the novel, it is the conflict between the hero and himself.

Bazarov is trying to build his life on the basis of the theory of nihilism, he is sure that life can be subordinated to an invented, “head” theory. You can live without feelings, experiences, love, that is, everything that Bazarov dismissively calls "rubbish".

“The author guides his hero through the book, consistently arranging exams for him in all spheres of life - friendship, enmity, love, family ties. And Bazarov consistently fails everywhere. (“Beetle Formula” by P. Weil, A. Genis)

From a letter from I. S. Turgenev to A. A. Fet: “Did I want to scold Bazarov or exalt him? I don't know it myself, because I don't know whether I love him or hate him! That's the trend for you."

Characteristics of the main characters based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

In 1862, Turgenev wrote the novel Fathers and Sons. During this period, a final break is outlined between the two social camps: the liberal and the revolutionary-democratic. In his work, Turgenev showed a man of a new era. This is a democrat-raznochinets Bazarov.

Throughout almost the entire novel, Bazarov is accompanied by his friend Arkady. By origin, and by social status, they belong to different social classes. According to his convictions, Bazarov is a "democrat to the end of his nails."

Friends study together at the university, and they are connected by several years of friendship.

At first, Arkady falls under the influence of Bazarov, he wants to be like Yevgeny, and at the same time he sincerely shares the views of an older and more authoritative comrade. Arkady is forced to join the nihilists by "young courage and youthful enthusiasm."

note

But he is not guided by the ideas of Bazarov in life. They do not become an organic part of him, so he will so easily refuse them later. In the future, Bazarov says to Arkady: "Our dust will eat your eyes out, our dirt will stain you."

That is, Arkady is not ready for the "tart, bitter bean life" of a revolutionary.

Bazarov, giving an assessment of the life of a revolutionary, is both right and wrong. Breaking the established foundations, traditions, views always provokes the fierce resistance of the old world, and the advanced fighters have a hard time. The revolutionary-democratic ideal of happiness is revolutionary activity for the benefit of the people, despite personal hardships.

Arkady, of course, is not ready for this, since he is, in the words of Yevgeny, "a soft liberal barich." In the "young fervor" the liberals do not go further than noble boiling, and for Bazarov this is "trifles". Liberals don't "fight" but "think they're great; the revolutionaries want to fight.”

Giving an assessment of Arkady, Bazarov identifies him with the entire liberal camp. Spoiled by life in a noble estate, Arkady "involuntarily admires himself", he is pleased to "scold himself." Bazarov is bored, he "needs to break others."

Arkady only wanted to seem like a revolutionary, there was a lot of youthful posturing in him, but in his heart he always remained a “liberal nobleman”.

But Arkady still does not understand this. For the time being, he considers himself a “fighter” and appreciates Bazarov for his willpower, energy, and ability to work. At the Kirsanovs' estate, Bazarov is initially welcomed cordially. Arkady asks his relatives to take care of Bazarov.

But the revolutionary democratism of Bazarov absolutely does not fit with the liberal aristocracy of the Kirsanovs' house. He does not fit into their life of idleness. And here, on a visit, Bazarov continues to work.

The way of life of friends in the estate is expressed by the author's phrase: "Arkady was a sybarite, Bazarov worked." Bazarov conducts experiments, reads special books, collects collections, treats village peasants. According to Bazarov, labor is a necessary condition for life.

Arkady is never shown at work. Here, in the estate, Bazarov's attitude to both nature and the people is also revealed.

Bazarov considers nature not a temple, but a workshop, and the person in it is a worker. For Arkady, as well as for the rest of the Kirsanovs, nature is an object of admiration, contemplation. For Bazarov, this attitude means nobility.

He objects to the prayerful contemplation of nature, meaningless from his point of view, enjoying its beauty. It requires an active relationship to nature, to the world around us. He himself. treats nature like a caring owner. Nature pleases him when he sees the fruits of active intervention in it.

And here, too, the points of view of Arkady and Bazarov diverge, although Arkady has not yet spoken about this.

The attitude of Bazarov and Arkady is different both to love and to a woman. Bazarov is skeptical about love. He says that only a fool can feel free with a woman.

But acquaintance with Odintsova changes his views on love. She impresses Bazarov with her beauty, charm, ability to behave with dignity and tact.

A feeling for her arises when spiritual communication begins between them.

Odintsova is smart, able to understand Bazarov's originality. Eugene, despite outward cynicism, discovers in love both an aesthetic feeling, and high spiritual demands, and respect for the woman he loves. But Odintsova is essentially an epicurean lady.

Peace is above all for her. Therefore, she extinguishes in herself the emerging feeling for Bazarov.

And in this situation, Bazarov behaves with dignity, does not become limp and continues to work.

Description of Plushkin's garden in the poem "Dead Souls": the text of the episode, analysis of the image of the garden

Arkady's acquaintance with Katya, Odintsova's younger sister, reveals that his ideal is "closer", that is, he is in the family, on the estate. Arkady realized that he was “no longer that arrogant boy”, that he still “asked himself tasks that were beyond his power”, that is, Arkady admits that the life of a revolutionary is not for him. Yes, and Katya herself says that Bazarov is “predatory”, and Arkady is “tame”.

Bazarov is close to serfs. For them, he is “his brother, not a gentleman.” This is confirmed by Bazarov's speech, in which there are many folk proverbs and sayings, and his simplicity in communicating with ordinary people.

Although the peasants on his father's estate treat Bazarov like a gentleman, in all other episodes of the novel for the people he is more “their own” than any of the Kirsanovs. Arkady to a greater extent remains for people a gentleman, a master.

True, it also happens that some unfamiliar peasant mistook Bazarov for an eccentric when he wanted to "talk to the people." But this happened infrequently.

In addition, Bazarov is demanding, one might even say, too demanding of himself. He tells Arkady that "every person must educate himself."

His commitment to nihilism leads to the fact that he begins to be ashamed of natural human feelings. He seeks to suppress their manifestations in himself. Hence some dryness of Bazarov, even in relation to the closest people.

But to the question of Arkady, does Bazarov love his parents, he answers simply and sincerely: “I love you, Arkady!”,

note

However, it should be noted that Bazarov's parents are hopelessly "lagged behind" their son. They cannot go not only on a par, but also after him. True, this “backwardness” of the old people of the Bazarovs does not deserve Enyushka’s not quite respectful, and sometimes - and simply indifferent - attitude towards them.

Can old people be required to think and act like young people? Isn't it thanks to the efforts of his parents that Bazarov gets an education? In this case, Bazarov's maximalism looks very unattractive, Arkady loves his loved ones, but seems to be embarrassed by this love.

Bazarov gives a well-aimed, exhaustive, but at the same time rather evil characterization of Arkady's father and uncle, to which Arkady objects, but somehow sluggishly. By this, he seems to support the point of view of Bazarov, who believes that a nihilist should not express his feelings.

Arkady flared up only when Bazarov called his uncle an "idiot" behind his back. Perhaps it was at this moment that the first serious crack appeared in the relationship of friends.

It should be noted that Bazarov's nihilism, unfortunately, leads to the denial of old and new art. For him, “Raphael is not worth a penny, and they (that is, new artists) are no better than him.” He declares that “at forty-four years old it is stupid to play the cello”, and to read Pushkin and in general “is no good”.

Art Bazarov considers a form of profit. For him, “a decent chemist is more useful than any poet,” and art is not capable of changing anything in life. This is the extreme of Bazar's nihilism. Bazarov emphasizes the importance of scientists for Russia, since in science Russia at that time lagged behind the West.

But Arkady really loves poetry, and he would read Pushkin if Bazarov was not around.

Arkady and Bazarov seem to oppose each other; At first, this confrontation is completely imperceptible, but gradually, in the course of the development of the action, it intensifies and comes to an open conflict and a break in friendly relations.

This is one of the aspects of the conflict nature of the novel, expressed by the method of contrast. Let us note that in this case it is no longer “fathers” and “children” that are in conflict, but, so to speak, “children” with “children”.

Thus, the break between Bazarov and Arkady is inevitable.

Arkady is not ready for the "tart, bitter bean life" of a revolutionary. Bazarov and Arkady say goodbye forever. Eugene parted with Arkady without saying a single friendly word to him, and to express them for Bazarov is “romanticism”,

Arkady finds the ideal of life in the family. Bazarov dies, remaining true to his views. It is before death that the strength of his convictions is tested. Arkady did not instill nihilistic convictions.

He understands that the life of a revolutionary democrat is not for him. Bazarov dies a nihilist, and Arkady remains a "liberal nobleman."

And at the end of the novel, Arkady refuses to commemorate his former friend at the common table.

Description of the images of minor characters in the novel "Fathers and Sons"

Pavel Kirsanov acts as the main ideological opponent of Bazarov in the story.

In disputes with him, such traits of the protagonist as mind and will, inner independence, hatred of nobility and slavery are revealed, but, on the other hand, his negative qualities are also revealed: rudeness, inability to listen to the opinion of another, a tendency to categorical judgments.

Pavel Petrovich talks about the need to respect authorities - for Bazarov, authorities do not exist. Both of them are categorical in their assessments, confident in their rightness and incapable of a reasonable compromise. Both eventually remain lonely, leaving behind neither offspring nor the results of their labor.

The nihilistic theory of Bazarov is truly refuted in the novel by the quiet and modest Nikolai Kirsanov. Nikolai Petrovich, with his tact, intelligence, openness to everything beautiful, is opposed to Bazarov, who is hostile to the whole world, including poetry, love, philosophy, and the beauty of nature.

Nikolai Kirsanov does not participate in the ideological duel of his brother with Bazarov - on the contrary, he tries to soften the sharpness of the conflict between them. Soft and cordial, this Turgenev hero evokes sympathy from both the reader and the author of the novel.

If Bazarov dies alone, without having time to realize his outstanding abilities, without leaving an heir, then Nikolai Petrovich is given to know the warmth of family life, to connect generations, to be a true keeper of the spiritual and aesthetic experience of the past.

No matter how hard the "nihilists" try to shake the foundations of life, no matter how they deny the eternal values ​​in it, people like Nikolai Petrovich will preserve the healthy foundations of human existence, instill in their children simple and wise life concepts.

Arkady first falls under the influence of the extraordinary and strong personality of his friend. In an effort to be like his mentor in everything, he behaves with excessive swagger, tries to look mature and independent: he drinks a lot of wine, unnecessarily draws out his speech, avoids the word "panache".

The author notices numerous details showing that Arkady's beliefs are random, superficial and contradict his mental makeup and upbringing. Bazarov is a man of action who has gone through the school of labor and deprivation and despises laziness and nobility. Arkady - "sissy", "barich". “... We say goodbye forever ...

you are not created for our bitter, tart, bean life, ”Bazarov will tell Kirsanov Jr. in one of the last chapters of the novel.

Love for Odintsova becomes the main test of Bazarov's nihilistic views. Odintsova aristocrat. In her, as in Pavel Kirsanov, a sense of self-respect is developed, and therefore she adheres to the routine that she “has started in her house and in life.”

note

Protecting and appreciating this routine, Anna does not dare to surrender to the feeling that Eugene first awakened in her. This love becomes the beginning of retribution to the arrogant Bazarov: it splits the soul of the hero into two halves.

From now on, two people live and act in it: one is a staunch opponent of “romantic”, sublime feelings, the other is a passionately and spiritually loving person who is faced with the true mystery of a deep feeling.

The story ends not with the scene of Bazarov's death (the most artistically powerful), but with a kind of EPILOGUE, in which the writer tells about the further fate of the characters.

Saying goodbye to them, the author once again expresses his attitude towards them, and in the last lines of the novel, a majestic hymn to nature sounds as a symbol of "the eternal beginnings of human life." The epilogue reveals the author's position in relation to the protagonist and other characters of the novel.

Turgenev contrasts the tragic figure of the "nihilist" not with any heroes, but with "human life, in its broadest sense," "nature in all its beauty."

The plot of the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" is contained in its very title.

The involuntary confrontation between the older and younger generations, due to the changing spirit of the times, can be viewed in a tragic way (F.M.

Dostoevsky in the novel "Demons"), and in satirical, humorous. In my opinion, there is more humor in the novel than satire. Satire tends to be denunciatory, while humor is regretful and even sympathetic.

In fact, fathers or children to denounce Turgenev? By age, character, lifestyle, the author was a "father" at the time of writing the novel.

He could not help but see that behind the nihilism and egocentrism of youth is the desire to replace faith with knowledge, and passive hope with active action, although he himself did not take a maximalist approach to life.

From this rejection and misunderstanding, the novel "Fathers and Sons" was born. But this is not a categorical denial, but a desire to understand. Humor and satire help Turgenev in this.

Turgenev applies this approach to each of his characters, excluding Odintsova.

The novel begins with the scene of the arrival of Arkady and Bazarov at the Maryino estate of the Kirsanovs. Remember how Arkady uses the word “father” with or without reason, speaks in a deliberately low voice, tries to behave cheekily, imitating Bazarov. But nothing works out for him, everything looks unnatural, because he remains the same boy as he left his native nest.

The Kirsanovs love Pushkin, Bazarov does not understand this poet and poetry in general, because he does not accept poetic ideals. The author is afraid to joke about Bazarov. Red hands, tousled hair, clumsy but confident movements give Bazarov's appearance something animalistic.

The beast has the will to act, it has physical strength, it has instinct, but it has no mind. It is impossible to call a person reasonable if he denies the experience of past generations (“we do not recognize authorities”).

Life played a cruel joke with Bazarov. He who does not believe in love fell in love, but his love was rejected. Interestingly, Bazarov did not die on the road, as a representative of the younger generation should have, but in his own home, in the arms of his parents, "old-world landowners."

In the whole novel, generally sad and kind, like everything that Turgenev wrote, there are only two characters worthy of satire: Kukshina and Sitnikov.

First, Turgenev, as it were, asks: “What are you doing?” What is missing from this creature with a small, red nose? Why does Kukshina do absolutely nothing to maintain attention and respect for herself? The magazines that no one will ever read are gathering dust senselessly, the very existence of Kukshina is senseless.

It is no coincidence that next to her Turgenev puts such an empty person as Sitnikov; he takes up the least space in the novel. The innkeeper's son dreams of making people happy, while using the profits from his father's establishments. Such characters in the literature are called parodies.

Sitnikov under Bazarov is like Grushnitsky under Pechorin (the same can be said about Kukshina and Odintsova). But if Lermontov used the image of Grushnitsky as a means to reveal the image of Pechorin, then Turgenev uses the negative to give more weight to the positive.

With the help of humorous and satirical moments, the author expresses his attitude to the characters. In the scene of the dispute and duel between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, humor turns into a farce, because "children" should not kill "fathers", and "fathers" should not force "children" to think the same way they think. Since the problem of "fathers" and "children" is eternal, it is necessary to look at it with humor, as Turgenev did.

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The Objective World in the Context of the Characteristics of the Characters in the Novel “Fathers and Sons”

Comparisons play an important role in the language of the novel.

Relying on the traditions of oral poetic creativity of the people, Turgenev draws most of the comparisons from the world around man, for example: “thin, rough, as if gnawed, cows greedily plucked grass along the ditches”; “we are now hungry like wolves”; “Vaska, a boy of about seven, with a head as white as flax…”; “Her scythe (Princess R.), golden in color and heavy as gold, fell below her knees”; Fenechka “looked out like an animal”; “Dunyasha ... looked at him as she ran past like a quail”; “The yard boys ran after the “dokhtur” like little dogs.”

With the help of this technique, the author gives a psychological description of the characters, including Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov, the father of the main character. The interior of his “house”, consisting of “six tiny rooms”, suggests that we have a “small” person, obviously not rich, who does not pretend to be important, loves comfort.

Also, the interior helps to characterize the business qualities of Vasily Ivanovich. And indeed, “a thick-legged table littered with papers blackened from ancient dust” indicates that Vasily Ivanovich is busy with work, but does it from time to time.

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Bazarov’s father is a sloppy person, he doesn’t even keep order in his office (“books, boxes, bird stuffed animals, a jar, vials crowded on the shelves in disorder”). The fact that Vasily Ivanovich is interested in the natural sciences and physical experiments is said by the “broken electric machine”, but this hobby has remained in the past, since it has not yet been repaired.

The weapons hung on the walls indicate that the owner was related to the army, to the war. Indeed, he was a military doctor. In general, the whole interior is stamped with time, all things are second-hand, old, all this speaks of the passing of life, the time of withering and rest. But the owner does not want to put up with it.

Indeed, in a small room there is large furniture, which shows the desire of Bazarov, the elder, to escape from this small world. Here the reader sees the inconsistency of Vasily Ivanovich's character.

The interior of the study is dominated by black and white colors (“monogram of hair in a black frame”, “cabinet of Karelian birch”), strict and quite compatible, which indicates the harmony of the owner’s inner world. The fact that Vasily Ivanovich reads the magazine "Friend of Health" for 1855 (although it is 1859) indicates that Bazarov Sr. is trying to keep up with the times, but still he is not able to keep up with modernity.

The interior is also used by the author to compare the characters. For example, in one of the chapters, the author shows the interior of two heroes at once: Fenechka and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. The interior of Fenechka's room contrasts sharply with the interior of Pavel Petrovich's office. And indeed, Fenechka's room breathes prostate, comfort, freshness, love.

The reader understands that simple, but nevertheless sincere people live in this room. The icon of Nikolai Ugodnik, the portrait of Nikolai Petrovich, jars with his favorite jam and with the signatures “circle”, speak of Fenechka's sincere feeling for Nikolai Petrovich.

In contrast to Fenechka's room, Pavel Petrovich's study impresses with its sophistication, monumentality and, at the same time, lack of warmth.

Everything in it bears the stamp of artificiality: the “renaissance” library, and bronze figurines “on a magnificent writing table”, and a fireplace, and “heavy window curtains” with which Pavel Petrovich tries to protect himself from sunlight. The reader understands the desperation with which Kirsanov Sr. “threw himself on the sofa”.

The hero is aware of his inability to love and be loved, and the comparison of the interiors helps the reader to understand this. In assessing the character, an important role is also played by the detail of the interior. Turgenev actively uses the details of the interior, the environment of the hero, showing with their help the features of his character.

So, we already have a certain idea about Kukshina, even before her appearance. “Crookedly nailed business card”, “thick numbers of Russian magazines, mostly uncut” – all this points to the “progressive aspirations of the hostess”, but, in fact, no progress is visible.

A great desire to be an advanced woman, to seem modern, makes Kukshina ridiculous, unnatural, devoid of self-esteem, which is immediately noted by both Bazarov and Arkady. However, there are characters in the novel who have no description of the rooms at all. First of all, these are Bazarov, Arkady and Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov.

And it is no coincidence that if Bazarov does not have a home at all, does not have his own hearth, support in life, he even feels like a guest in his parents' house, then the descriptions of the rooms by Arkady and Nikolai Petrovich are connected, in my opinion, with the worldview of the author himself . As you know, I.S.

Turgenev rejected extremes, a one-sided attitude to life, which he so vividly showed in the images of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich.

It is no coincidence that both of these heroes die: one physically, the other morally. It is Nikolai Petrovich and his son who remain to live a full life. And their double wedding is the moral climax of the novel.

According to Turgenev, one can cognize the harmony of life only by dissolving in it, perceiving it in all its manifestations.

The absence of a description of the rooms by the father and son just speaks of this ability, gives them typical features and, albeit indirectly, indicates who, in the author's opinion, is the future of Russia.

The Objective World in the Context of the Characteristics of the Characters in the Novel “Fathers and Sons”

The novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" is a multi-themed work. Already in the title itself, the main theme of the novel sounds - this is the problem of generations, the eternal problem of classical literature. In addition to this problem, other issues are raised in the work - the conflict of two socio-political forces operating in Russia in the 60s, liberals and democrats.
The novel depicts nobles and commoners of two generations - "fathers" and "children". Turgenev wants to show us how a democrat-raznochinets will behave in an environment alien to him. In Maryino, where Bazarov arrived with Arkady, Yevgeny is a guest who differs in his democratic appearance from the landlords. And he disagrees with his friend Arkady in the main thing - in the idea of ​​\u200b\u200blife. Throughout the novel, we observe the subordination of a weak nature to a stronger one: Arkady - Bazarov. But still, Arkady is gradually gaining his opinion. He no longer blindly repeats after Bazarov his nihilist judgments: in the dispute, Kirsanov Jr. expresses his own point of view. One day, their argument almost escalated into a fight.
The difference between the characters can already be seen from their behavior in Kirsanov's house. Eugene is engaged in the study of nature, and Arkady does practically nothing. By the red color of Bazarov's hand, you can guess that he is a man of action. And indeed, wherever he is, Eugene tries to do business. His vocation is the natural sciences. He studies nature and tests theoretical discoveries in practice.
Note that interest in the sciences is a typical feature of the cultural life of Russia in the 60s, which means that Bazarov keeps up with the times. Arkady is the exact opposite of Bazarov. He doesn't do anything and he doesn't care about anything. The main thing for Arkady is comfort and peace, and for Bazarov - to work, not to sit idly by.
Different opinions among friends and in relation to literature. For example, Bazarov denies the poetry of Pushkin, and it is completely unreasonable. Arkady, on the contrary, admires the poet. Arkady is always well dressed, he has aristocratic manners. Bazarov, on the other hand, does not follow the rules of good manners, he simply does not consider it necessary. This can be seen in all his actions, habits, manners, speeches, appearance. He does not like, for example, the "beautiful" phrase. “Oh, my friend, Arkady Nikolaevich,” he says to his young admirer, “I ask you one thing, don’t speak so beautifully!”
Bazarov is shown as a simple man, alien to any brokenness and, at the same time, strong, powerful in soul and body. He is distinguished by firmness and directness of judgments.
Arkady is naive in the consciousness of his mental superiority over the concepts of father and uncle. He good-naturedly regrets their backwardness. How quickly he resolves all issues, how easily he copes with everything, how it costs him nothing to break and destroy anything out of pure nihilism. Arcadia is not the person he wants to be. The opinions that he flaunts do not penetrate deep inside him, they can disappear like morning mist. All his impulses are explained by the desire to be like Bazarov, to be the same hard and tough person.
But gradually Arkady understands the whole pointlessness of his aspirations. The "student" is out of the control of the "teacher". The resistance of Arkady Bazarov is already evident from the conversation about the role of nature in human life.
Arkady has no enemies, while Bazarov hates many. “You, gentle soul, are a weakling,” says Bazarov, realizing that Arkady can no longer be his associate. A "disciple" cannot live without principles. In this he is very close to his liberal father and Pavel Kirsanov. But Bazarov appears before us as a man of a new generation, who replaced the "fathers" who were unable to solve the problems of the era. Arkady belongs to the old generation, the generation of "fathers".
Arkady wants to be the son of his age and "puts on" Bazarov's ideas, which definitely cannot grow together with him. He belongs to the category of people who are always taken care of and who always do not notice guardianship. Bazarov treated him patronizingly and almost always mockingly, he understood that their paths would part.
In addition to the male, basic, images, the novel also presents female images belonging to the generation of "children".
So, Anna Sergeevna and Katerina Sergeevna in the novel are opposites. Anna is coquettish, talkative, and Katerina is timid, silent, "constantly blushes and quickly takes a breath." She loves to read, to think about life, about books, about people, than to dance at balls.
Odintsova had endured enough in life (“grated kalach”) and now, as if, she only wanted to take a break from her past. More than once, in a conversation with Bazarov, she called herself old. Anna Sergeevna has a strong character, so she suppressed her younger sister a little. Katya is a nice girl, and although at first she is perceived as a pale shadow of Odintsova, she still has character too. The individuality of this heroine is gradually revealed, and it becomes clear that in alliance with Arkady Kirsanov she will be the main one.
Thus, in Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" a whole gallery of images of "children" is presented. Each of the heroes is diverse and individual, however, they are also divided into those who accept "eternal" values ​​and are guided by them, and those who, in denial, come to self-destruction.