Oxford dictionary online explanatory. Oxford Dictionary

5 Oxford English Dictionary

General vocabulary: Oxford English dictionary (normative Dictionary in English in 12 volumes) , Greater Oxford Dictionary (20 volumes in 1989 edition)

6 come around

1) General vocabulary: change your mind, come to your senses (source - Oxford Dictionary) , take place, change opinion, belief, change direction, advance (approach), go around, go around, turn (about a ship), come, agree (with someone, something - to), take place (about regularly repeated events)

2) Slang: agree (with something, with someone's opinion)

3) Swear: joy that the fear of pregnancy was in vain, delayed menstruation

4) Makarov: come back (to the topic, etc.) , arise, stop by, stop by for a while, come in, change for the better, change tack, change your mind, change your beliefs, put up, go around, go around, turn, approach, appear, get closer, come to your senses, happen, happen, settle down

5) Taboo vocabulary: start menstruating after a long delay

7 Concise Oxford Dictionary

8 O.E.D.

British linguistic (world famous dictionary)

A. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) was first published in 1933, although work on them began in 1879, but in 1857 the London Philological Society published its main thesis: “A Dictionary there is a historical monument, the history of the nation.” In 1989, the 2nd edition appeared in 20 volumes on 21,730 pages and weighing 62.6 kg (2 CD weighs approximately 34 g), having more than 615 thousand words and about 2.5 million citations. The most frequently quoted author is Shakespeare. In 1993-1994 3 additional volumes were published. Now large amounts of money have been spent on its re-release (Revision): until 2010, the British allocated as much as 34,000,000 pounds people's money! It’s clear that they don’t mind the “monument”...

Since August 2010, the publishers of the Great Oxford Dictionary have stopped publishing its paper version. An annual subscription to the online OED costs £240 (about $372) for UK citizens and $295 for Americans.

9 Oxford Dictionary of English

linguistic

Previously called The New Oxford Dictionary of English - "The New Oxford English Dictionary" (this is not the same as the Oxford English Dictionary (OED)). The first edition of this dictionary was published in 1998; the goal of its creators was to reflect in the book the state of the “living” English language. The second edition was released in 2005 and included approximately 355 thousand words.

10

British linguistic"Oxford English Dictionary" (world famous dictionary)

11 Pocket Oxford Dictionary

12 POD

linguistic Pocket Oxford Dictionary (POD) = Pocket Oxford Dictionary with approximately 50 thousand words, 140 thousand meanings - shocking simplicity + super concept in presenting relevant information English vocabulary with an obviously very frivolous name, it has been published since 1924 - still far from the smallest among the Oxfords. A lot of information is given: examples and illustrations for each meaning of the word, etymology, word compatibility and phraseology. Pronunciation is not provided, but a Text-to-Speech converter can be used. It's amazing how small dictionary"no frills" can give so much useful information, which significantly expands the possibilities of its application. To avoid terrible disappointment, you should “start” with POD, and not with OED. And the parallel “paper” version will be cheaper. Well, finally, the main argument: If the laptop is very old, with a small hard drive, and you need to have a compact dictionary (4Mb), then don’t hesitate to start installing POD. You will not regret. For everyone will find something for themselves in it: everything about it - both the “what” and the “how” - is simply amazing!

13 Shorter Oxford Dictionary

linguistic The Shorter Oxford Dictionary (SOD) - The Shorter Oxford Dictionary in 2 volumes has been published since 1933, gives a fairly complete semantic and historical description of 165 thousand modern, outdated and dialect words, repeating information from biofeedback to a lesser extent. Both of these dictionaries are intended for scientists, linguists, philologists, in short - specialists engaged in studying the history of the English language, theoretical problems its development. The average reader will not find working with them easy. On wide circles The Concise Oxford Dictionary is designed for quasi-ordinary readers, as well as for students of English as a foreign language.

14 SOD

linguistic The Shorter Oxford Dictionary (SOD) - The Shorter Oxford Dictionary in 2 volumes has been published since 1933, provides a fairly complete semantic and historical description of 165 thousand modern, obsolete and dialect words, repeating to a lesser extent information from BOS. Both of these dictionaries are intended for scientists, linguists, philologists, in short, specialists engaged in studying the history of the English language and theoretical problems of its development. The average reader will not find working with them easy. The Concise Oxford Dictionary is designed for a wide range of quasi-ordinary readers, as well as for those learning English as a foreign language.

15 (The) Oxford English Dictionary

British linguistic"Oxford English Dictionary" (world famous dictionary)

16 Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language

linguistic Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged. G. & C. Merriam Co., Springfield, Mass. – Original, encyclopedic. The American standard for authority and sophisticated comprehensiveness. Should be in every court and administrative institution. First original Webster was published in 1828 (this first edition can still be purchased on Amazon online), and the modern 3rd edition was published in 1961, reissued with additions on CD in 2000 (again the 3rd edition). 450 thousand words, special terminology makes up 23.5%. 200 thousand literary quotes are given in interpretations of individual meanings of words. Based on a file of 10 million quotes. For comparison: The Great Oxford Dictionary is based on a card index of 5 million quotations. However... there is one very significant “BUT”! – The dictionary does not contain proper names and no information about the origin of names can be found there: Where did, for example, the names Bill, Gerry, etc. come from? - Look for...

In the Collegiate format, the company publishes a dictionary with an annual reissue for universities and updates new terminology(both words and meanings) with a volume of about 150 thousand words. In general, an incredible number of Webster dictionaries are published in the world that have nothing to do with the original one. Self-respecting publishers directly indicate that their Webster is “not the same” (well, in very small print, really). Others are trying to make money by simply not saying anything at all. The very same company G. & C. Merriam Co. - not so long ago - acquired the Encyclopedia Britannica (which is why Webster appeared in it)!

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

17 O.E.D.

Oxford English Dictionary

18 o.e.d.

Oxford English Dictionary

19 Shorter Oxford English Dictionary

[,ʃɔːtər,ɔksfəd,ɪŋglɪʃ"dɪkʃənrɪ]

"Small Oxford English Dictionary" (an abridged edition of the Oxford English Dictionary; larger in volume than the Concise Oxford Dictionary. Published since 1933)

full "The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles"

20 O.E.D.

abbr. from Oxford English Dictionary

Oxford English Dictionary

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This article is missing information. History of development Publication dates 1888 A A New ED Vol. 1 1893 C NED Vol. 2 1897 D NED Vol. 3 1900 F NED Vol. 4 1901 H NED Vol. 5 1908 L NED Vol. 6 1909 O NED Vol. 7 1914 Q NED Vol. 8 1919 Si NED Vol. 9/1 1919 Su NED Vol. 9/2 1926 Ti NED Vol. 10/1 1928 V NED Vol. 10/2 1928 all NED 12 vols. 1933 & sup. Oxford ED 13 vols. 1972 A O.E.D. Sup. Vol. 1 1976 H O.E.D. Sup. Vol. 2 1982 O O.E.D. Sup. Vol. 3 1986 Sea O.E.D. Sup. Vol. 4 1989 all O.E.D. 2nd Ed. 20 vols. 1993 all OED Add. Ser. Vols. 1-2 1997 all OED Add. Ser. Vol. 3 In 1933, the dictionary was republished and contained 12 volumes with a one-volume addition. It was then that it acquired its current name - the Oxford English Dictionary. With the release of volume 1 in 1972, a 3-volume additional edition of the dictionary began. Between 1972 and 1986, 4 more volumes were added. In 1989, the second edition of the dictionary was published in 20 volumes. There is also a micro-reprint in 2 volumes of the “Compact edition of the Oxford English dictionary”, and abridged versions are systematically reprinted: “Shorter Oxford English dictionary” and “Concise Oxford dictionary of current English”. A completely revised edition is being prepared for release in 2017. The publication will be only in electronic form (that is, a paper version will not be released). Currently, 80 specialists are working on the publication, who, according to data from March 24, 2011, have reached the word Ryvita. The lexicon of the Oxford Dictionary includes all words that exist or have existed in English literary and spoken language since 1150. It gives their detailed etymological, semantic, spelling, orthoepic and grammatical description. Based on examples and excerpts, an attempt is made to trace changes in the meaning, spelling, pronunciation and use of each word in different historical periods. The first edition of the dictionary contains about 500 thousand words and about 2 million quotations from 20 thousand works by more than 5 thousand authors. Editions Oxford English Dictionary, second edition, edited by John Simpson and Edmund Weiner, Clarendon Press, 1989, twenty volumes, hardcover, ISBN 0-19-861186-2 Write a review of the article "Oxford English Dictionary" Links (English) Notes

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Excerpt from the Oxford English Dictionary

- What is this??? – I whispered quietly, afraid to scare him away. – Could this be real?..
- This is the Holy City, dear. City of our Gods. He’s been gone for a very long time...” Isten said quietly. - This is where we all once came from... Only on Earth no one remembers him - then, suddenly catching himself, he added: - Be careful, dear, it will be hard for you. No need to look anymore.
But I wanted more!.. Some kind of scorching thirst burned my brain, begging me not to stop! The unfamiliar world beckoned and bewitched with its pristineness!.. I wanted to plunge into it headlong and, plunging deeper and deeper, draw from it endlessly, without missing a single moment, without wasting a single precious minute... which, as I understood, there was very, very little of me left here... Each new plate revealed itself to me with thousands of stunning images, which were surprisingly bright and now somehow understandable, as if I had suddenly found a magic key to them that had long been lost by someone. Time flew by, but I didn’t notice it... I wanted more and more. And it was very scary that right now someone would definitely stop me, and it would be time to leave this wonderful storehouse of someone’s incredible memory, which I would never again be able to comprehend. It was very sad and painful, but, unfortunately, I had no way back. I chose my life myself and was not going to renounce it. Even if it was incredibly difficult...
- Well, that's all, honey. I can't show you anymore. You are an “apostate” who did not want to find out... And your way here is closed. But I’m sincerely sorry, Isidora... You have a great Gift! You could easily DO all this... If you wanted to. Not everyone has it that easy... Your nature craves it. But you chose a different path, so you must leave now. My thoughts will be with you, child of Light. Walk with FAITH, let it help you. Goodbye Isidora...
The room disappeared... We found ourselves in some other stone room, also filled with many scrolls, but they looked different, perhaps not as ancient as the previous ones. I suddenly felt very sad... To the point of pain in my soul, I wanted to comprehend these other people’s “secrets”, to see the wealth hidden in them, but I left... never to return here.
- Think, Isidora! – as if sensing my doubt, Sever said quietly. – You haven’t left yet, stay.
I just shook my head negatively...
Suddenly my attention was attracted by a familiar, but still incomprehensible phenomenon - as we moved forward, the room lengthened here as we walked further. But if in the previous room I didn’t see a soul, then here, as soon as I looked around, I saw a lot of people - young and old, men and women. There were even children here!.. They were all studying something very carefully, completely withdrawing into themselves, and detachedly comprehending some “wise truths”... Not paying any attention to those who entered.
– Who are all these people, North? Do they live here? – I asked in a whisper.
– These are Witches and Sorcerers, Isidora. Your father was once one of them... We train them.
My heart ached... I wanted to howl in a wolf’s voice, feeling sorry for myself and my short lost life!.. Throwing everything away, sit down with them, with these happy Sorcerers and Witches, in order to know with my mind and heart the whole depth of the wonderful, so generously revealed to them great KNOWLEDGE! Burning tears were ready to flow like a river, but I last bit of strength I tried to hold them somehow. There was no way to do this, since tears were another “forbidden luxury” to which I had no right if I considered myself a real Warrior. The soldiers did not cry. They fought and won, and if they died, it certainly wasn’t with tears in their eyes... Apparently, I was just very tired. From loneliness and pain... From constant fear for my relatives... From an endless struggle in which I did not have the slightest hope of emerging victorious. I really needed a sip fresh air, and this air for me was my daughter, Anna. But for some reason, she was nowhere to be seen, although I knew that Anna was here, with them, on this wonderful and strange, “closed” land.

Stavropol State University

Oxford Dictionary Online

Astakhova S.S., master's student

Taking into account the peculiarities of the linguistic situation in modern world when a foreign language is a means intercultural communication, the role and place of the dictionary in people’s lives are obvious and do not require special justification. With the development of Internet lexicography in modern applied lexicography, Internet versions of well-known dictionary publications have become widespread (3, 70).

In A. Bejoie’s assessment, it is English-speaking countries distinguished by the maximum amount of reference literature compared to all others. Moreover, Great Britain occupies one of the leading places in the modern world of dictionaries (8, 75). Great Britain has the largest number reputable lexicographic publishing houses known around the world for the high quality of their products: Cambridge University Press, Harper Collins Publishers, Longman Dictionaries, Oxford University Press (3, 102).

According to a number of scientists, among the British versions of educational dictionaries posted on the Internet, it is Oxford Advanced Learner's dictionary(http//www.oxforddictionaries.com) is the ideal reference book created for the purpose of teaching a foreign language to the user (8, 10). The online version of the dictionary is one of the most popular and authoritative among students of English as a foreign language.

The priority of an online dictionary is due to a number of advantages of an electronic reference book over a printed one. First of all, Internet dictionaries cover a larger volume of information than printed publications. Only online dictionaries allow us to talk about the continuity of the process of updating information ( information update), since the compilers of the dictionary have the direct opportunity to correct dictionary entries.

Moreover, users themselves can take part in updating the corpora of some dictionaries. The online reference book allows you to search for headwords in all grammatical forms.

The user himself decides what information he wants to find, since traditionally only part of the dictionary entry is displayed on the screen, most of the entries are hidden behind icons (5, 5). Hyperlinks allow you to jump to another dictionary entry in seconds. The preference for the Internet version of the Oxford Advanced Learner's dictionary is also due to its wide availability and the ability to use it as a classroom reference tool in classes teaching English as a foreign language.

When determining the type of Oxford dictionary, we relied on an integrated approach developed by domestic and foreign lexicographic schools (Dubichinsky, 1998; Karpova, 1977; Stupin, 1985; Bejoint, 1994; Svensen, 1993; L. Zgusta, 1971), which highlights the following parameters Dictionary characteristics:

• In terms of the object of description, Oxford Advanced Learner's dictionary is linguistic. (It is worth noting that in the UK, as in many other Western European countries, the traditional opposition of dictionaries according to the object/method of describing input units (linguistic - encyclopedic) is becoming less relevant. In this regard with population migration (and, as a consequence, changes in the user profile), an intermediate type of dictionary arises - explanatory-encyclopedic (3, 120).
• Depending on the language of description of input units - monolingual.
• The order of the input units is alphabetical.
• The design is computer (Internet dictionary).
• In terms of volume - big (in English lexicographic terminology - unabridged) (Grinev, 1996). In accordance with the traditional division, directories can be large (big), medium (concised) and small (pocket). However, in this series Lately Dictionaries of a new format are also appearing - gem dictionaries, especially popular among students and schoolchildren due to their convenient format and compact presentation of material (3, 83).
• From the perspective of the language description, it is synchronous.
• By vocabulary coverage (in in this case in relation to the addressee) - special, since educational dictionaries, in turn, can also be both general and special, this reference book can be characterized as educational for general purposes).
• Depending on the type of language activity - receptive-productive.
• Functionally, it is prescriptive.
• The approach to lexicographic description is an anthropocentric dictionary.

Turning to the question of the structure of the dictionary, many researchers distinguish between macrotext and microtext in the dictionary. In this case, macrotext is understood as the entire dictionary, considered as a single whole, and microtext is a separate dictionary entry. Accordingly, the macrostructure and microstructure of the dictionary are distinguished. By macrostructure we mean general structure dictionary and the nature of representation of lexical units in the dictionary. Microstructure refers to the format of a dictionary entry and the nature of its completion (1, 161).

The macrostructure of the dictionary is characterized by the fact that when opening the search window, in certain cases alternatives to input units with the selected word are offered: a simple word, compound word, phrase.

By opening a window with any of them, you can use a hyperlink to go to a related dictionary entry. For example, working with a noun feature, the user, if desired, refers to individual articles describing phrases double feature or feature film

The microstructure of the dictionary is distinguished by high information content and clarity of the information presented. A dictionary entry consists of the following zones: input unit, definition, additional semantic-functional characteristic, illustrative (verbal) example, references.

In order for the user not to waste time searching for the desired meaning in a dictionary entry, in Oxford Advanced Learner's dictionary in capital letters and are highlighted in bold brief interpretations, combining several similar meanings, and only then follows a detailed definition.

Illustrative examples ( complete sentences), taken from the corpus, also contain brief paraphrases of difficult-to-understand expressions. The latter circumstance reduces the need to additionally resort to a bilingual dictionary.

Features of the grammatical compatibility of a word are revealed through a mark indicating the part of speech; The directory also uses codes that determine the subclass of a given part of speech: for nouns, for example, countable (C) or uncountable (U). As additional means(in particular, to indicate agreement in number, morphological class) comments in parentheses are used in the dictionary:

Piece (…) noun

(C) - (of smth) (used especially with of and uncountable nouns)

English language, in its different styles and areas of use, is presented in the directory at the current stage of its development, which was achieved through the use of the 100 million British National Corpus and the 40 million Oxford American English Corpus as sources. For the user, this can serve as a guarantee that the publication can provide reliable information on an issue of interest and get acquainted with authentic material that reveals the features of modern word usage.

All of the above indicates that Oxford Advanced Learner's dictionary fully meets the requirements for their products.

English language communication lexicography

Sources

• 1. Grinev S.V. Introduction to terminography. - M.: Moscow. ped. univ., 1996. - 161 p.
• 2. Dubichinsky V.V. The art of creating dictionaries: notes on lexicography. Kharkov, 1994. - pp. 18-23.
• 3. Karpova O.M. New trends in modern lexicography // Lexicon and lexicography / resp. ed. SOUTH. Short. Vol. 11. - M., 2000. - P. 63-72.
• 4. Karpova O.M. English lexicography: textbook. aid for students Philol. fak. higher textbook establishments. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2010. - 176 p. Isn't Karpova too much? maybe leave the big jobs?
• 5. Moiseev M.V. Lexicography of the English language: teaching aid: for students of specialties 022900 “Translation and Translation Studies” and 022600 “Theory and Methods of Teaching foreign languages" - Omsk: Omsk State University Publishing House, 2006. - 92 p.
• 6. Stupin L.P. Theory and practice of English lexicography. Tutorial. - L.: Leningrad State University, 1982. - 76 p.
• 7. Bejtint H. Modern lexicography. Oxford, 2001. - P. 208-214.
• 8. Zgusta L. Manual of lexicography. Praha: Academia, 1971. - 360p.
• 9. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary CD-Rom. Oxford, 2000
• 10. Oxford Dictionaries: http://www.oup.com.