Problems of modern youth: specificity and features. Youth in the development process The role of the young generation in the modern world

A generation of young people has formed in Russia, which is very different from their predecessors. The image of a young careerist, clearly displayed in Megafon's advertising - "The future depends on you" - remained in the 90s. The generation of the 2000s is indifferent to careers, rejects popular culture and rampant consumerism. For some of today's youth, the slogan "The future does not depend on you" is more relevant.

The word "youth" should be written with two letters "g". The Internet "Live Journal" (LJ) has become a habitat for thousands of young people. They argue about the structure of the world and complain about yesterday's hangover. Revolutions are being prepared there and marriages are being destroyed ... Virtual diaries are a real treasure for sociologists. Where else can you find such an array of texts created by a “common man” ?!

I decided to use this unique material. I bring to your attention my conclusions. In some ways they can be considered controversial. But at the very least, this study makes one think about what the “LJ generation” is. And certainly this method of study is much more productive than endless polls on the topic "What is more important to you - high earnings or peace of mind?"

I myself defined the subject of my research as follows: “I set the task of studying the most advanced part of young people. But not "gold" and not "bohemian". Such groups were, are and will be regardless of the blogosphere. They can be called trendsetters, that is, people who broadcast cultural innovations to a wider audience. I proceeded from the fact that it was the blogosphere that became the main channel for the dissemination of trends. In Moscow, St. Petersburg and million-plus cities, trendsetters are somehow connected with the blogosphere. "

Trend 1

From careerism to indifference

The 90s generation worked extremely hard. Career-building plans were hatched at a very young age - they thought about this already in the tenth grade, and even more so in the first year of the institute. Any work was assessed, first of all, from the point of view of its prospects for a future career, and the transition from one job to another - from the point of view of how the new line in the resume will look like.

Of course, there were a lot of exceptions, but the general attitude was just that. Many young people were willing to work 20 hours a day. Ahead loomed positions of top managers in leading corporations or a long-awaited own business.

Today's youth are indifferent to a career. She does not accept work that is solely motivated by making money and does not provide an opportunity for self-expression, does not want to work in an office, according to a clear schedule, and is generally not ready to devote most of her time to work.

“People who are preoccupied with money are mostly old generations who have experienced poverty. I like people who earn themselves within the limits of the available. If you have money - it's good, if you don't have money - it's bad, we will try to make money. I am one of them "

Young people of the 90s dreamed of becoming bankers, lawyers, commercial and financial directors. The professional ideal of the youth of the 2000s is a journalist, designer, programmer, PR manager. Freelancing has become a bright sign of the times.

Starting your own business is perhaps the only thing that today's young people want as much as their peers 10 years ago. However, if the youth of the 90s tried in every possible way to develop their own business in order to turn it into a large enterprise and enter the business elite in the future, then today's young people do not want to waste time and energy on this. They are quite satisfied with small business, which gives them financial independence and the opportunity to do what they love on a free schedule.

The youth of the 90s took on any business - from selling diapers to private cabbies. Modern young people are not ready to drastically change their lifestyle and social circle, even if this promises a lot of profit. They tend to set up their own small businesses in areas they are familiar with and where they don’t need to spend time building relationships.

“I devote my free time to what I also devote my working time to, only these are no longer custom projects, but for the soul, so to speak. That is, when it appears, time, that is, I either photograph, or process what has already been photographed, or draw, since the easel is always at hand, or I go to draw plaster casts in the studio, or read, or glue something ...; It is extremely difficult for me to sit still for a long time ... "

The main reason that the “career” option began to lose its attractiveness for young people was the awareness of the “boundaries of growth”. In the 90s, the skies seemed to be open. Ten years later, most young people are well aware that there is a very definite "ceiling", above which it is almost impossible to rise. The "social lift" that provided rapid vertical travel in the 90s came to a standstill in the 2000s.

Economic stabilization also contributed to the decrease in the attractiveness of the "career" option. Young people today are not afraid to be left without a livelihood. They understand that they can always find some job. The generation of the 90s faced an alternative: work or vegetation and poverty. The 2000s generation is characterized by another alternative: exhausting and energy-consuming work to build a career, or calm, "relaxed" creative work for pleasure.

The devaluation of the value of a career in the minds of young people is indirectly related to the growth of the value of freedom. For the youth of the 90s, freedom also had a certain value, but it was interpreted very narrowly - as an opportunity not to depend on anyone financially, to buy various goods and services, etc.

Young people of the 2000s understand freedom as independence from any circumstances and as spontaneity - the ability to change jobs, place of residence, lifestyle. For today's young people, freedom is one of the key values, and a free lifestyle is the exact opposite of "corporate slavery."

Trend 2

Escape from popular culture

On the one hand, modern young people are children of mass culture, and they are well aware of this. On the other hand, they do their best to distance themselves from this culture.

Modern young people are clearly aware of their cultural "advancement", this is a matter of their pride. From their point of view, all other "average" inhabitants are distinguished by a low level of education and culture, lack of interests and hobbies, with the exception of primitive consumerism. The attitude towards them is rather arrogant.

For the youth of the 90s, the object of constant irony was the so-called scoop, that is, a very limited, conservative, unacceptable person. For young people of the 2000s, the objects of ridicule are "gopniks", "glamorous kitties" (girls whose meaning of life is entertainment and consumption) and "office plankton" (managers of all stripes who spend most of their lives in the office, doing routine and uninteresting work) ...

The negative attitude towards these three socio-cultural groups is caused not only by the rejection of their way of life and values, but also by their absolute stereotyped, lack of any individuality.

Television (especially humorous programs, serials and reality shows) is considered an example of "dullness", mass character and stereotype. The overwhelming majority of today's young people watch TV quite rarely, and even then only with the aim of laughing at the "stars" of the air.

"Modern culture. Well, firstly, the culture of conformism and the absorption of the individual by the masses. Availability of music, art, etc. makes it not the property of a few, but the lot of many. From there comes the desolation of art "

The genre of parodies of TV programs and their characters is extremely popular among the youth. For example, one of the most numerous blogging communities is the foto_zaba community, whose members use the graphics editor Photoshop to remake pictures from popular TV shows and movies. Yevgeny Petrosyan, Ksenia Sobchak and Vladimir Putin are especially fond of the gills.

Advertising is also a subject of mockery. Logos, commercials, slogans are being redesigned. An example of such a transformation is the new corporate identity of MTS. The number of alterations, parodies and anecdotes on the theme of "red eggs" has exceeded a thousand.

Parodies of popular culture are sometimes distinguished by extreme cynicism, but this is a reaction to the falsity of popular culture itself. In the youth environment, a kind of vague feeling is formed, which can be called a longing for romanticism and true values.

Being often ostentatiously cynical, young people do their best to avoid insincerity in relationships with family and friends. Hence the extremely negative attitude to the "secular" style of communication a la "Dom-2", as well as to advertising, which with lofty words covers up a banal desire to sell a product or service.

“Now in our world, unfortunately, there is a lot of insincerity, and very often people hide some selfish goals and interests behind the concept of“ friendship ”. Plus, it seems to me that people are so preoccupied with their problems, of which there are a great many, that sometimes there is no time left just to ask a friend how he is doing. "

Another evidence of the "longing for romance" is the mythological image of the Soviet past, which was formed in today's young people. The USSR appears in an idealized form, as a society where there were no national conflicts, terrorism and drug addiction, where feelings were sincere, and people were naive and disinterested.

“If you were a kid in the 60s, 70s or 80s, in hindsight it’s hard to believe that we have survived to this day ... Our cribs were painted with bright, lead-rich paints. There were no secret lids on medicine bottles, doors were often left unlocked, and cabinets were never locked. We drank water from a column on the corner, not from plastic bottles. It never occurred to anyone to ride a bike in a helmet. Horror"

The topic of the pre-perestroika period is also closely related to the search for one's own identity, since the answer to the question "who am I?" worries modern bloggers quite strongly.

Trend 3

Politics without politics

Attitudes towards politics also reflect the desire to distance themselves from the "mass". Young people simply ignore any form of political activity. They do not participate in the elections because, in their opinion, the outcome of the elections does not in any way depend on their participation.

"I am concerned only with those world problems that are directly related to me, but in general, the expression" after us even a flood "is quite practical"

Any form of political activity - both right and left - becomes the object of satire no less acute than in the case of television and stage. For example, the pro-government youth association Nashi is ridiculed for its adherence to pretentious slogans.

Left-wing political activists of the National Bolshevik wing evoke a little more sympathy. The readiness for self-sacrifice, the real, not ostentatious, suffering of the National Bolsheviks for the idea inspire respect among young people. As a rule, the "leftists" are not scoffed at, but their convictions are not shared. After all, leftist activists are also held captive by mass culture. Nationalist movements are rejected quite sharply. The overwhelming majority of members of the blogging community are internationalists. Their ideal is “citizens of the world”, children of different national cultures who move freely around the world and communicate with each other. Nationalists, and especially their aggressive wing, are associated with savagery and barbarism.

Some bloggers attend various political events, but they go there mainly to "get fun", in other words, to have fun, and not at all to defend their point of view.

Young people prefer to watch political life, make caustic criticism, but do not interfere in anything. Unlike the traditional Russian and Soviet intelligentsia, who watched political life with a sense of tragedy, today's youth joke and have fun. The expression of such a light attitude was the absurdist flash mobs.

A flash mob is a collective action that is usually ridiculous, from the point of view of most citizens, in nature. For example, several tens or hundreds of young people may gather and begin to squat or repeat the same word at the same time.

Once in Novosibirsk on May 1, representatives of various political parties gathered in the main square of the city to hold rallies. About a hundred flash mobers also came there. Young people began to lead a huge round dance around the protesters, holding in their hands posters such as "No colonization of Mars", "No exploitation of the theme of Siberian savagery in contemporary art", etc. Some of the posters were written in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.

Neither the protesters nor the police knew what to do. The organizers of the May Day demonstration could not understand in any way - what is it? If movement is, what are its goals? If the protest is against whom and what?

In fact, the flash mobers did not have any specific goals. In general, this is typical for the entire young generation of the 2000s - the absence of long-term goals and a "research" approach to their own destiny ("life itself will tell you what goals you should strive for"). Nevertheless, in addition to a simple desire to patronize the public, there is a certain, albeit not always conscious, protest in flash mobs. This is a protest against the stereotyped, "correctness", contamination of political and public life. But the protest is precisely in that inactive, ironic form, which is extremely characteristic of the "fugitives" from the society of mass culture.

Trend 4

Traveler, but not a tourist

Entertainment and leisure activities also demonstrate the ardent desire of young people to stand out, "not to be like everyone else." For example, a special kind of travel is becoming more and more popular among young people.

These are long trips, often with stops for several months at a location you like. Travelers of this type strive to live in the same way as the local population: eat the same food, dress in the same clothes, speak the same language and, in general, do not look like tourists in the eyes of local tourists. They find some kind of work (or remotely, via the Internet, continue to do what they did in Russia, for example, computer design), rent an apartment or a room, and make local friends.

In recent years, a "movement to the south" has begun - to India, Thailand, Vietnam. Since life in these countries is extremely cheap, it is not difficult for young people from Moscow or St. Petersburg to save up the amount for which they then live in the tropics for a year, enjoying the warm climate and carefree existence. Such Russian travelers appeared in America, Africa and even Australia and New Zealand.

“We belong to the last generation of travelers. The world is rapidly becoming the same; asphalt, democracy and dollars are rapidly spreading across the entire surface of the planet. "

The hobbies of today's young people are diverse. The very fact that a person has a hobby is important. If in the 90s it was considered normal when young people had no time for anything but sleep, then for today's youth this way of life is completely unacceptable. It is believed that people who have no hobbies other than work are living a defective life. Representatives of the "office plankton", who, after a hard and full of stress day, barely have enough strength to crawl to the couch and drink beer, watch TV with empty eyes, evoke sharply negative feelings in the modern young generation.

“I would like to have interesting events. Now I really want, for example, to post-talk somewhere, climb vertically, go on a water trip "

Modern young people go in for sports (as a rule, extreme sports), look for abandoned places in the "urban jungle", climb onto the roofs of high-rise buildings in search of beautiful views (roofers), jump from one roof to another (parkour), descend into underground communications ( diggers), participate in the historical reconstruction of various eras and cultures (role-playing) - the list of hobbies is endless.

The main criteria for choosing a hobby are its non-banality and "untwisted". The beginning of the "commercial exploitation" of this or that hobby (the appearance of advertising, carrying out PR-actions) reduces its attractiveness in the eyes of young people. This has happened, for example, with snowboarding and rock climbing. From "advanced" kinds of sports, they quickly turned into mass ones and, in the language of youth, "opopseli".

Trend 5

Refusal of prestigious consumption

Prestigious consumption is not typical of today's young people. The youth of the 90s was obsessed with status. There was a clear imperative - if you are successful, you have to dress from Gucci or Armani, drive a Mercedes or BMW, drink Hennessey cognac and smoke Davidoff or Parliament cigarettes.

For the youth of the 2000s, the value of status is no longer absolute. At least modern young people are not ready to buy goods just because in the eyes of others they are prestigious and testify to material wealth. This is not to say that modern youth is completely oblivious to public opinion. However, if ten years ago young people tried to demonstrate their financial success, now they are trying to emphasize their individuality. A costume of a representative of the 2000s generation can include both expensive brands and very cheap ones, and even non-brand items - the main thing is that the resulting combination is characteristic of you.

The arrival of "individual" consumption to replace "status" consumption has thoroughly mixed the cards for marketers. Ten years ago, young consumers could be structured more or less clearly by income. Today we can very often meet young people who buy clothes of the same inexpensive brand, smoke the same elite cigarettes, and at the same time, their incomes differ significantly.

An increased interest in shopping is considered a sign of limitation among young people. There are, however, exceptions. For example, attention is paid to the purchase of a computer and computer equipment. Choose hobby-related items carefully, such as sports equipment or cameras.

Trend 6

Generation of skeptics

The generation of the 2000s can rightfully be called the generation of skeptics. Young people do not believe in advertising, do not trust the media, and are extremely skeptical about various PR campaigns. They understand very well that behind all promotions there is a purely pragmatic desire to sell the product.

"The battle for consumer consciousness is perceived as a kind of game: companies strive to get our favor and bombard us with advertising and PR-actions - OK, we will watch these attempts with interest."

There is some respect for graceful advertising campaigns that achieve maximum results with a minimum of funds. Massive campaigns with millions of dollars are more skeptical. And advertising, which tries to openly and primitively deceive the consumer (for example, "bank loans at 0%"), causes a sharp rejection. Moreover, an "expert" attitude to advertising is typical not only for professionals, but also for those young people who have nothing to do with advertising and PR.

And yet, despite the ardent desire to distance themselves from mass culture, modern young people in many ways remain “children of the consumer society”. They physically cannot do without a dozen or two items of personal hygiene, without quality products, without sushi, disposable dishes and a host of other delights of civilization.

What will happen to our generation next? Probably, after 30 years, the overwhelming majority of bloggers integrate into various professional communities, get married, have children. A high level of education and the presence of various social ties will provide them with a fairly high position in society. However, most of the inhabitants of the LJ space prefer not to think about the future. It's too boring.

Conclusion

“I try not to think about the future; about such a global future ... It's somehow more pleasant to live today. For me, the future is Wednesday today, Thursday tomorrow, and this is the future. I live for today, hour, minute. Therefore, almost everything that is a little further is the future for me, I am not chasing it, well, that is, I have no desire to “rewind” time forward. Old age is in the future, and I am young, healthy, energetic (as they say, not bad looking), I am afraid of getting old. "

Performer: 5th year student

correspondence F. T. Zh. 03-21z

Leader: Alexandrova N.A.

Sources of

1. Pearson T. The system of modern societies. M., 1997.

2. Foht - Babushkin Yu.U. Art in people's lives. SP. 2001.

V.A. Yadov Sociological research: methodology, program, methods. M., 1995.

4. Poisons V.A. Sociological research strategy. Description, explanation, understanding of social reality. M., 19999 pluses of network marketing (MLM business) for modern youth

Different people come to network marketing, especially a lot of young people. This is due to the desire to improve their financial condition and to get at least some kind of income in conditions when no one takes a job. Such a business is interesting for students, tk. they communicate with a large audience of their peers and have the opportunity to earn extra money, but there is no money.

Having entered the network business, young people do not have a clear idea about life, about earnings, and indeed about business in general. We heard something about the possibilities, some of our friends or relatives were doing something. In my head there are a large number of stereotypes imposed by peers' social circle and a lack of financial literacy. But there is also a lot of good - at this age there is an opportunity to easily change oneself, develop one's personal qualities, and quickly learn new things. This is what network marketing is doing - training and personal development.

Unfortunately, young people come to MLM companies to earn small pocket money. Therefore, the main work is reduced to the sale of products. Some do not even understand, and do not want to delve into the essence of the serious earnings that can be obtained in business. It's a pity. Someone is trying to create a team trade. But a lack of perseverance, commitment, and self-confidence quickly negates attempts to create a happy life.

But among young men and women, there are many ambitious and thinking people who realize that hired labor will not lead them to wealth. An immense desire to live better than their peers leads to the creation of high income. But for this you need to work for yourself and on yourself.

What network marketing gives to youth:

1. Additional income that can be obtained from the sale of the company's products. If girls or boys do not want to delve into the complexities of network marketing, they are just selling. Having a lot of relatives and friends, you can create a good additional income, which can go up to 10,000 rubles a month. Of course, you need to devote part of your personal time to this: finding clients, going to them, bringing a catalog of goods and products.

After a while, such a monotonous work begins to get boring, tk. a person does not see a life goal in front of him. Why is he doing this? For an extra thousand? After a few months, young people abandon sales, except make purchases for themselves. A negative attitude remains: they promised a lot of money, but they had to work hard for a “penny”.

2. Income from team turnover. Network Marketing and Youth

The essence of the network marketing business is not about large individual sales, but about creating a structure of consumers and sellers that generates a large turnover. It is from him that the company pays the interest, which constitutes a significant income for MLM entrepreneurs. Young men and women who seriously decided to make a career in this business begin to create such teams, invite their friends, relatives, acquaintances and strangers to the MLM company.

Everyone knows that in network marketing there is no quick money from the turnover of a team. it still needs to be created. But on the other hand, this income becomes quite high and stable, if you make the right efforts to this. Only education allows you to shape the mindset of a rich person, which is a sine qua non for success in any business. Attending training events forms the skills and abilities necessary for work that make it possible to achieve serious results. After all, now there are entire schools for training beginners. That. Whoever takes this opportunity is successful.

3. Passive income in MLM business

Why is network marketing called an investment business? Once done, the job will bring a steady income for many years. What is it? Educating leaders in your team Leading them to the result and gives this passive income. The company pays additional bonuses for the success of your leaders. And there are countless such leaders that can be trained. Hence the fabulous profits that seem out of reach of today's youth. You just need to work properly.

4. Personal development in MLM business

Communication with successful and experienced people, reading books on the psychology of success changes the minds of the younger generation. A person develops in himself the personality traits that allow him to be successful: purposefulness, responsibility, decisiveness, ability to act, creative activity. How this is now lacking in modern youth! How many lazy, passive young people loitering around the streets with a can of beer! They live one day, without dreams and goals.

5. Financial literacy.

The economic knowledge of our population is very weak. Even if someone graduated from the Faculty of Economics, it is not a fact that he will be able to make money. Our institutes are not taught to be rich and successful. I already wrote about this in the article "What they don't teach in school." Our population is being raised to work for hire. It is impossible to become rich here. Here you need to change your thinking and understand some postulates: you do not work for money, but money works for you. For this to be so, you need to make some effort (See the article The Thinking of a Rich Man).

6. Recognition.

I think everyone is pleased to receive flowers and gifts, to hear applause and exclamations of admiration. The realization of your success fills the heart with happiness; wings appear, I want to do even more ... You feel like a significant person, and not a small cog in a huge state machine.

7. A secured future

Young people have every chance to create a full-fledged happy life for themselves, in which there is no place for want and poverty. After all, the whole life is ahead, so much can be done! You can not depend on your pension and not work from morning till night, but enjoy life. You need to take the right action towards your dreams. You can boldly look into your future, give a good education to your children, leave a legacy to your grandchildren, give the most desirable toys and entertainment, not experience difficulties with housing and not huddle in a two-room apartment for a young family with parents.

8. Travel.

Who doesn't love to travel? And at the expense of the company? Network Marketing can provide you with this opportunity. With a good income, you can go wherever you want.

9. Real profitable business

Money, as K. Balmont said, is a ringing opportunity. With a real business, you can have many opportunities without needing anything. A business that can be inherited to your child is not the most important opportunity? Why do all this? For your future! Moreover, now you can create a business on the Internet. For this, there are special technologies and business tools.

Some MLM companies value young people very much and do their best to educate and develop them. Even youth movements are being created, where young men and women form communities with people like them who want to change their lives along with network marketing. Educational events, contests, youth parties, seminars and trainings help to gain success, self-confidence, learn how to work correctly and get great money.

A lot of very successful young entrepreneurs of MLM business are known both in Russia and abroad. There are students among them, and even schoolchildren. Children can, but you feel weak?

Regional scientific and practical conference "Step into the future - 2013"

Youth in the modern world

Sannikova Elizaveta Konstantinovna

MKOU SOSH village of Korsavovo-1

Supervisor:

Agapova Ludmila Ivanovna

History and Social Science Teacher

Introduction

I chose this topic: “Youth in the modern world” based on the need to deepen my knowledge on this issue, which we studied in social studies lessons this academic year.

The younger generation is the basic nucleus for the further development of any society. The situation of young people is a kind of barometer of the state of society as a whole, an indicator of the processes taking place in various spheres of social relations. The study of the moods and views of young people will not only allow solving the current tasks of improving and optimizing their life, but also predicting the prospects for the development of the professional, political and social spheres of the country.

Finally, I also belong to this social group - youth, so I wanted to get acquainted in more detail with the peculiarities and problems of modern youth, with their interests and aspirations.

I wanted to look into my future, getting acquainted, for example, with the youth policy of the state, with the social changes taking place in society, which will help me in the future in choosing a profession and my place in life. Therefore, this topic has for me not only theoretical but also practical significance.

... Who is considered youth

· The age range for classifying people as youth differs from country to country. As a rule, the lowest age limit for young people is 13-15 years old, the middle one is 16-24 years old, and the highest one is 25-36 years old.

· Many sociologists refer to youth as a group of the population aged 14 to 25 years.

· The Moscow City Duma, at a meeting on September 30, 2009, adopted a bill defining in the document, in particular, the age of people belonging to young people - from 14 to 30 years old.

2. Age criteria

Youth, being a heterogeneous education, is divided into the following age subgroups:

) teenagers. From 13 to 16-17 years old.

) youth. From 16-17 to 20-21 years old.

) youth. From 20-21 to 30 years old

To determine the age limits of youth, two main approaches are used:

Statistical -defines a strict age range for youth, is an average indicator that has legislative consolidation. But it does not take into account the individual characteristics of the development of young individuals, and therefore, if necessary, is supplemented sociological or social approach... This approach does not provide rigidly established age limits for young people, but singles out as criteria for determining the upper age limit for youth:

) having your own family;

) the presence of a profession;

) economic independence;

) personal independence, i.e. the ability to be able to make decisions yourself.

3. Individual boundaries of youth

There are various circumstances that accelerate or delay youth:

- The lower bound is

EARLY ADULT

I have highlighted some of the circumstances that make you grow up earlier:

.) Early Earnings - Until recently, child labor was considered exploitation. Today, a car washer or a teenager standing at the dispenser in a cafe does not surprise anyone. Moreover, as shown by a sociological study, 94% of adults approve of such extra money.

.) Rapid adaptation - Children, due to the flexibility of their mental apparatus, better adapt to changes in society than adults. They are modern and timely, because they are independent, purposeful, active and independent. Children have the qualities that modern parents would like to see in them. While they themselves were brought up in a completely different way - in the spirit of discipline, obedience, perseverance. These traits today rather hinder the movement towards success.

.) Authority for parents - Eggs do not teach chicken, they said several decades ago. They teach, they still teach, - modern mothers and fathers sigh. One gets the impression that children are already born with the knowledge of what bluetooth is and why the modem hangs. It is not surprising that they feel like experts on many everyday issues. They advise adults what equipment and where to buy, what to wear, how parents communicate with each other, how to work on a computer.

.) Knowledge of life - "When I was a child, during the holidays we were seated at a separate table, sent to play in our room so that we would not hear unnecessary conversations." - so say the parents. Today, almost from the cradle, adult life invades the nursery through television and the Internet, leaves glossy covers and seeps through the open windows of House-2. Parents do not hesitate to discuss their problems in the presence of the child. Sometimes they even involve him in the process itself.

.) New idols - The entire show business and cinema industry is aimed at creating new role models. Today, the concepts of "real man" and "ideal woman" mean "cool" and "sexy". The sexy woman draws attention with her clothes and makeup, while the tough man has the latest phone model and a big bag in his wallet. Children often adopt the external attributes of growing up, but are not psychologically ready for it.

THE UPPER BORDER of youth is

"Young old people" or "eternal" youth

You've probably met older people who are young at heart! They continue to receive everything from life! Travel, walks, extreme. All this helps many to live and feel like a full-fledged person, despite the years and gray hair. Psychologists say that it is the consciousness of being needed, being in demand that prolongs life, fills with optimism and saves from depression. Then I want to work. To be active. Exercise. Just live.

SO: Youth is a feeling that necessarily manifests itself both in appearance and in behavior.

4. Social status of youth

Modern young people, first of all, associate their idea of ​​"adulthood" with changes in their social roles and especially with the beginning of labor activity and gaining independence.

In general, the social status of young people is the position of the young generation in society, conditioned by its social roles and functions performed.

Studying young people in the process of social mobility allows us to notice that young people are socially stratified. In modern Russian society, differences between groups within young people are becoming more noticeable. New, more significant ones, for example, the social belonging of a young person, the property status of his family, are added to the traditional socially differentiating characteristics (by the forms of employment, by the nature and content of labor).

Frequent changes in social status and social roles (student-student-worker) are very characteristic of young people.

The status positions of young people are determined by the prestige of education and profession (both future and present), lifestyle, values ​​and norms of behavior, and there is also a fixation of their connection with market positions. And the desire to change the status for young people is one of the most important needs, "responsible" for social mobility. It was recorded and confirmed that education is one of the leading channels of social mobility; besides it, there are also such channels of social mobility as marriage, religion, profession, politics, and the army.

Since young people do not have clear ideas about the future, they are characterized by an active search for their place.

5. Features of youth

youth subculture social age

Modern youth is the way society brought it up. The values ​​and preferences of young people were greatly influenced by many events of our time: the collapse of the USSR, terrorist attacks and military conflicts, the development of digital technologies, AIDS, drugs, total shortages, the "dashing" 90s, the massive spread of mobile phones and the Internet, the era of brands, improving the economic situation , social networks, the world social crisis, the Olympic Games in Sochi.

Young people have common sense, the intention to get a quality education, the desire to work for good remuneration. Unlike older generations, young people do not feel fear of market transformations in the economy; they demonstrate adherence to the traditional values ​​of family life and material prosperity.

Since young people do not have clear ideas about the future, they are also characterized by an active search for their place in life.

... Psychological characteristics of youth

Among the leading psychological qualities of the young generation are selfishness (58%), optimism (43%), friendliness (43%), activity (42%), purposefulness (42%), freedom (41%). These traits were named by the young people themselves - participants in my own survey. An unstable psyche often becomes the cause of mental breakdowns, suicides, drugs.

Unformed consciousness - the desire to quickly achieve what you want - to various forms of asocial behavior. Internal inconsistency - the inability to be tolerant - to constant conflicts with others.

The criminalization of a part of Russian youth is also obvious - a part of the young population is trying to find their way to social success in criminal structures.

In addition, some young people, in search of the meaning of life or, obeying a sense of social protest, fall into totalitarian sects and extremist political organizations. Infantilism is inherent in many young people - the desire for dependency, the requirement for constant self-care, low self-criticality.

And at the same time, in socio-psychological terms, youth is a time of:) Physical maturation;) Development of intellect and will;) Discovery of one's own "I" and the inner world of a person;) Civil majority, i.e. the ability to use their rights to the fullest (from 18 years old)) Infantilism - the desire for dependency, the requirement of constant care for oneself, low self-criticism.

Involuntarily, I remembered the expression or, more precisely, the popular wisdom: "if youth knew, if old age could!" and asked the question: What features of mature age would you like to acquire, and what features of youth to keep?

LEAVE:

· Striving for self-realization.

· Striving for independence.

Formation of plans for the future

Striving not to be like everyone else

BUY:

·SELF CONFIDENCE

CONFIDENCE IN PERFORMANCE

7. Youth policy of the state

Youth policy- a system of state priorities and measures aimed at creating conditions and opportunities for successful socialization and effective self-realization of youth, for the development of its potential in the interests of the country.

The priority areas of youth policy are:

· involvement of young people in active social life and constant information about opportunities in the field of education, career growth, leisure, etc .;

· development of the creative activity of youth;

· active socialization of young people who find themselves in a difficult life situation.

Much attention is paid to solving problems with employment, as well as issues of housing policy and assistance to young families. An important direction of youth policy is the prevention of orphanhood.

My Youth Bill.

In modern Russia, a broad legal framework for relations in the field of state youth policy has been formed. But the most important element of this regulatory framework is missing, so far it has not been possible to resolve the issue of adopting a basic federal law establishing the legal framework for regulating the status of youth, for the implementation and development of youth policy. And how can young people develop if their rights are not explained? I think that the law, first of all, should meet the modern needs and legitimate interests of young citizens and associations. Obviously, the young person himself should be in the center of the law, especially the implementation of his constitutional rights and freedoms. This requires that in the law the specifics of the implementation of the political, socio-economic and cultural rights and freedoms of young citizens are seen, and the foundations for ensuring their observance and implementation in the Russian Federation are laid.

Sometime in the 80s and 90s, the question of the need to adopt a youth law was very actively discussed in the society of states. But everything remained only in words. I would like to propose my draft law on youth.

In it, I would consider the main problems of today's youth. And this:

Lack of security and confidence in it on the part of the Russian government - there is no clear understanding of history, what is good and what is bad. -the disunity of society and the nation. - lack of a national idea. -low level of education. -corruption. -inaccessibility, high cost of sports clubs and clubs. - lack of mass sports. - corruption of TV and the press.

youth alcoholism, drug addiction.

If these problems are not resolved, then it will turn out - lack of prospects for the best + unemployment = lack of the future of our country ...

... Youth subcultures

The socio-psychological characteristics of youth as a social group are also manifested in the existence of a special youth subculture.

Subculture is the culture of a certain social or demographic group, which is formed within the framework of the traditional (dominant) culture, but which differs from it in the specifics of values, lifestyle, and behavior style.

A subculture is a certain style, a way of life and thinking of separate social groups that are isolated within society. This is partly due to the inherent high criticality of age, the idea that the story begins with us ... It also affects the fact that young people by their nature are aimed at transformations, the creation of something new.

The youth subculture is the culture of the younger generation, which expresses the characteristics of the life of young people. For the first time, the youth subculture, as a social phenomenon, appeared in the 40s-50s of the XX century in the United States. Later, in the 50s-60s, the youth subculture showed itself in Europe, and in the 70s-80s in the USSR.

The main features of the youth subculture:

.Challenge the values ​​of adults and experiment with your own lifestyle;

.Inclusion in various peer groups;

.Peculiar tastes, especially in clothing, music;

Types of subcultures.

Bikers

Bikers are one of the few for whom words one for all and all for one - not an empty phrase, but a lifestyle. A biker is a motorcycle driver. They have evolved from savage hordes that roam the country roads of endless America to an elite, tough, money-making organization that enveloped the planet.

Rappers and Hip Hopers

A man-rapper not only goes in for sports (which is already a plus), he manifests himself creatively. And the manifestation of talent always leads to the growth of personality. This is a huge plus.

Everything seems to be fine, but there is such a leak as Gansta ... Right here in vogue aggressive behavior style. Such people can possess firearms, because they believe that the world is cruel, and only they can protect themselves. They consider themselves kings and do not recognize anyone and nothing higher than themselves.

Skinheads

The idea of ​​skinheads is that only the strong can live. Therefore, you need to be strong, and not only in body, but also in spirit.

They take their idea too literally. It is for skinheads that seizures are often noticed without causal aggression towards other people. They are not at all afraid to kill not his , and even to some extent strive for it.

Punks

The main idea - Personally, as a person from the outside, I do not see others.

Therefore, where punks appear, there are fights, robberies, violence with the aim of abusing a person.

Rastamans (Rastafari)

Quite calm culture and harmless to society. As they say whatever the child is amused with ...

In fact, their occupation is idleness, such a person is unlikely to become someone big in social life.

Freaks

There is no negative attitude towards the world and towards not my ... There is nothing that they vehemently oppose.

It is their freedom that is their main disadvantage. She gives them everything, while they themselves cannot be influenced from the outside, i.e. if so far it is harmless and fun, then who knows what it will result in then ... And no one can stop them.

Roleplayers

Only intellectually developed people become role-playing. They are necessarily educated, well-read, and very intelligent and peaceful. There is a danger play too according to one scenario or another, and no longer leave the role. In such situations, a person is simply knocked out of society.

Expression of emotion<#"justify">Goths.

Go ́ you are representatives of the gothic subculture, inspired by the aesthetics of the gothic novel, the aesthetics of death, gothic music and referring to the gothic scene.

Representatives of the movement appeared in 1979 on the wave of post-punk. The Goths channeled the punk outrageousness into the mainstream of addiction to vampire aesthetics, to a dark outlook on the world.

Getting acquainted with subcultures, one involuntarily asks the question: Youth subculture - a movement of the soul, a desire to stand out or a social protest ???

I believe that, first of all, it is a desire to stand out, not to be a “gray mass”. And as reasons going underground the youth calls: A challenge to society, a protest .. A challenge to the family, a lack of understanding in the family .. Unwillingness to be like everyone else .. Desire will establish itself in a new environment. Attract attention to yourself .. An undeveloped sphere of organizing leisure activities for young people in the country. Copying Western structures, trends, culture .. Religious Ideological Beliefs .. Tribute to fashion .. Lack of purpose in life .. The influence of criminal structures, hooliganism .. Age hobbies .. Influence of the media.

Youth culture is more a culture of leisure than work. Hence the special youth slang.

Russian youth slang is an interesting linguistic phenomenon, the existence of which is limited not only by certain age limits, as is clear from its very nomination, but also by social, temporal, and spatial limits.

He lives among urban students and some more or less closed groups.

Like all social dialects, it is only a lexicon that feeds on the juices of the national language, lives on its phonetic and grammatical soil.

It seems that youth slang should become the object of close attention of linguists, because, as examples of other slang systems show, special vocabulary sometimes penetrates the literary language and is fixed there for many years.

I believe that youth slang is lack of culture, disrespect for elders. For me it is better to speak our great Russian language than to distort, break and borrow words. Our generation looks up to Europe, but I don’t understand why? From Europe they take everything from styles of dress to behavior and manner of speech, they borrow words. And our government is largely to blame for this, since since the time of Peter the Great Russia tried to be equal to Europe. Of course, there are pluses in this, but also the minuses go nowhere. For example, in our time it has become fashionable to say not a girl, but "a heifer or a girl", now not a beloved guy, but "boyfriend" (although the word boyfriend has a completely different meaning, literally - a boyfriend). Well, where is the respect for each other? And now he is gone. And this is one of the social ills of our modern society.

... Social portrait of modern Russian youth

But it is not for nothing that youth is a time for the formation of one's own views and patterns of behavior, the ability to process information, form positions and follow one's social roles.

Based on all of the above, I tried to compose a social portrait of modern Russian youth. In doing so, I used the latest data from the Public Opinion Foundation.

The new generation today is tireless optimists, satisfied with life, looking forward with hope, extremely loyal to the authorities and not experiencing any expressed protest moods.

Most of today's young people can be safely attributed to the "golden talent pool" thanks to a high degree of loyalty to the current government: 75% of 18-25 year oldsRussians appreciate the work of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putinhow good(against 68% among the population over 25); 82% of youthindicated that head of government D. Medvedevworks at his post OK(versus 75% among the population over 25). Somewhat cooler respondents 18-25 years oldevaluate the work Russian government: 50% positive answers (among the population over 25 years old - 43%).

Despite youth, which, as the history of mankind shows, is characterized by a rebellious spirit, the current Russian youth are not readyto take to the streets and participate in protests... According to this indicator, the age group 18-25 years oldhas no qualitative differences from the group over 25 ( 72% and 71%, respectively), and this result logically correlates with a high degree of satisfaction with one's life and loyalty to the current government.

About half of young people have permanent job(in January 2010 - 44 %), 12% receive a scholarship, 10% enjoy financial support from relatives and friends.

Areas of life that cause concern when thinking about the future?

So, the most "terrible" areas were:

1.Profession

.Family and marriage

.Studies

.Habitat

.Society, country

What social problems of our society are most relevant for young people?

Unfortunately, the media has a serious negative impact on the social health of young Russians. The main source of information for young people is, in decreasing order, the Internet, television, local TV channels.

Therefore, the main problems of modern youth are:

· Lack of spirituality

· Moral degradation of the individual and the decline in the value of human life

· Inaction, indifference, individualism

· Sexual promiscuity

· Family collapse

· Cult of money

· Social dependency

Also among the problems of young people it is worth highlighting:

Ø Unemployment

Ø Corruption

Ø Lack of security and confidence in it on the part of the Russian government

Ø Low level of education

Ø Inaccessibility and high cost of sports sections

Ø Lack of mass sports

Ø Youth alcoholism and drug addiction

10. Basic life values ​​and goals of youth

Each person strives for success, wealth, happiness. Therefore, modern youth is trying to get a higher education and not one, but several. Not everyone can afford it. Nowadays, you have to pay for education (excluding the budgetary basis). Yes, this is a financial problem, but young people are distinguished by their determination, and they try to hire a watchman, a salesman at a kiosk, a cleaner, for any paid job in order to be able to study.

One of the most important values ​​of people is freedom. Freedom of speech, action, choice is necessary for self-affirmation and self-improvement. Here the question arises: "Will not young people become a consumer society?" V. Dahl wrote: "Freedom is will." While these words are synonymous, I think they should be viewed a little differently. Freedom has certain boundaries that cannot be violated. And the will has no limits. Therefore, today's youth should understand the meaning of the word freedom.

The next vital value is the awareness of the need for health. We must strive for a healthy lifestyle. Only a healthy person can feel like a full-fledged person, feel all the beauty and charm of life in all its manifestations. How I would like to see modern youth in such a state. And it's good that most of her are aware of this.

Spiritual culture is very important in the life of today's youth. Spiritual culture can give rise to painting, the birth of poetry, etc. Many can become artists, writers. Modern youth actively participate in various activities in order to preserve the environment, protect nature, care for the disabled, the elderly, etc. She knows how to adapt in a variety of societies and defend her opinions.

Young people, in fact, are sociable and friendly people. Our worldview is different, very different from our aunts, uncles, moms, dads, grandfathers and grandmothers. There are concepts like "cool" and "sucks". We try to correspond to the outside world and cannot live without communication - this is another value. Spending some time in communication will strengthen our bonds of friendship with new friends. Through communication, we show our manners, our good manners and gain respect for ourselves as just a good person. In difficult times, these people will always support and help.

Young people of today are very sociable and well-rounded. Young people have great prospects. They boldly look to the future, achieve their goals. Our youth are our future.

Is there a difference in the basic life goals and values ​​of young people in different countries?

I tried to figure it out. For comparison, I took the data of German sociologists.

Germany is home to about 6 million young people aged 14 to 21 years. Their favorite hobbies are sports, going to the movies, listening to music, attending a disco, "just hanging out." They associate their biggest concerns with unemployment, environmental degradation, crime, right-wing radicalism, hostility to foreigners, and youth violence. Desires related to the future: 75% would like to someday get married (get married), 83% want to have children.

It turns out that we are Russians, and they are Germans - very similar. Probably, this is a property of youth in general, regardless of nationality. And this is great! This means that we can easily find a common language, we can jointly fight common troubles, problems and look confidently into the future.

Conclusion

It follows from what has been said that the existing spectrum of problems in youth research is very diverse. Despite the fact that much attention is paid to the problem of education of modern youth, related problems are also in the close focus of social researchers: housing problems, problems with unemployment, problems of leisure, political insecurity and corruption of young people, the media, as well as the fight against drugs of a different nature.

Thus, social researchers still have a lot to do in the study of modern youth, their social environment and social factors that affect the life of children, adolescents and young people.

Bibliography

Your child is informal. Parents about youth subcultures M .: Genesis, 2010

Life perspective and professional self-determination of youth Kiev: Naukova Dumka,

Psychology of antisocial-criminal groups of adolescents and youth NPO "MODEK", MPSI

Developmental psychology: youth, maturity, old age: Textbook. manual for stud. higher. study. establishments M .: Publishing Center "Academy"

E.A. Kukhterina Variability of value orientations of young people depending on the region.

E.A. Kukhterina Social mobility of youth: Monograph. Tyumen: Publishing and Printing Center "Express", 2004.

YOUTH is a socio-demographic group, distinguished on the basis of age parameters, characteristics of social status and socio-psychological qualities.

One of the first definitions of the concept of "youth" was given in 1968 by V.T. Lisovsky:

"Young people are a generation of people going through the stage of socialization, assimilating, and at a more mature age already assimilated, educational, professional, cultural and other social functions; depending on the specific historical conditions, the age criteria of young people can range from 16 to 30 years."

Later, a more complete definition was given by I.S. Konom:

"Youth is a socio-demographic group, distinguished on the basis of a set of age characteristics, characteristics of social status and socio-psychological properties due to both. Youth as a certain phase, stage of the life cycle is biologically universal, but its specific age framework, associated social status and socio-psychological characteristics are of a socio-historical nature and depend on the social system, culture and the laws of socialization inherent in a given society. "

In developmental psychology, youth is characterized as a period of formation of a stable system of values, the formation of self-awareness and the social status of an individual.

The consciousness of a young person has a special sensitivity, the ability to process and assimilate a huge flow of information. During this period, developing: critical thinking, the desire to give their own assessment of various phenomena, the search for argumentation, original thinking. At the same time, at this age, some attitudes and stereotypes characteristic of the previous generation are still preserved. Hence, in the behavior of young people, an amazing combination of contradictory qualities and traits: the desire for identification and isolation, conformism and negativism, imitation and denial of generally accepted norms, the desire for communication and withdrawal, detachment from the outside world.

Youth consciousness is determined by a number of objective circumstances.

First, in modern conditions, the process of socialization itself has become more complicated and lengthened, and, accordingly, the criteria for its social maturity have become different. They are determined not only by the entry into an independent working life, but also by the completion of education, the acquisition of a profession, real political and civil rights, material independence from parents.

Secondly, the formation of the social maturity of young people occurs under the influence of many relatively independent factors: family, school, labor collective, mass media, youth organizations and spontaneous groups.

The boundaries of adolescence are flexible. They depend on the socio-economic development of society, the achieved level of well-being and culture, and the living conditions of people. The impact of these factors is really manifested in the life expectancy of people, the expansion of the boundaries of the youth age from 14 to 30 years.

Since ancient times, the formation of society has been accompanied by the process of socialization of new generations. One of the main problems of the socialization of young people is that they either accept the values ​​of their fathers, or completely reject them. The latter happens more often.

Young people believe that the social values ​​that the "fathers" lived by in any new historical situation lose their practical significance and, therefore, are not inherited by children.

Today, the main task of the survival of the Belarusian society is to solve the problem of preserving social stability and the transfer of cultural heritage from one generation to another. This process has never been automatic. He always assumed the active participation of all generations in it.

It must be remembered that it is at a young age that a system of value orientations is formed, the process of self-education, self-creation of the individual and establishment in society is actively underway.

In today's rapidly changing, dynamically developing world, young people have to decide on their own which is more valuable - enrichment by any means or the acquisition of high qualifications that help to adapt to new conditions; denial of previous moral norms or flexibility, adaptability to new reality; unlimited freedom of interpersonal relationships or family.

The value system is the foundation of a person's relationship to the world.

Values ​​are a relatively stable, socially conditioned attitude of a person to the totality of material and spiritual benefits, cultural phenomena that serve as a means of satisfying the needs of an individual.

Core values ​​include:

1. Humanity;

2. Good manners;

3. Education;

4. Tolerance;

5. Kindness;

6. Honesty;

7. Diligence;

8. Love;

In the post-Soviet era, young people have acquired a number of new qualities, both positive and negative.

The positive ones include:

1. Striving for self-organization and self-government;

2. Interest in political events in the country and the region;

3. Indifference to the problems of the national language and culture;

4. Participation in the organization of their leisure time;

5. Orientation towards self-education;

To negative qualities such as:

1. Tobacco smoking, drug testing and adolescent alcoholism;

2. Doing nothing;

3. Sexual experimentation;

4. Infantilism and indifference (nihilism);

5. Uncertainty and unpredictability;

There are several important sociocultural conditions for successful personal socialization:

1. Healthy family microenvironment;

2. Favorable creative atmosphere at school, lyceum, gymnasium;

3. Positive impact of fiction and art;

4. The influence of the media;

5. Aesthetization of the nearest macroenvironment (courtyard, microdistrict, club, sports ground, etc.)

6. Active involvement in social activities;

Social adaptation is a controlled process. It can be managed not only in line with the impact of social institutions on the individual in the course of his production, non-production, pre-production, post-production life, but also in the mainstream of self-government.

In general, four stages of adaptation of a personality in a new social environment are most often distinguished:

1.the initial stage, when an individual or a group realizes how they should behave in a new social environment for them, but are not yet ready to recognize and accept the value system of the new environment and strive to adhere to the old value system;

2. the stage of tolerance, when the individual, the group and the new environment show mutual tolerance for the value systems and patterns of behavior of each other;

3. accommodation, i.e. recognition and acceptance by the individual of the main elements of the value system of the new environment, while simultaneously recognizing some of the values ​​of the individual, the group as a new social environment;

4.assimilation, i.e. complete coincidence of the value systems of the individual, group and environment;

Complete social adaptation of a person includes physiological, managerial, economic, pedagogical, psychological and professional adaptation.

Specific points of the technology of social adaptation:

Only a person is inherent to create special "adaptations", certain social institutions, norms, traditions that facilitate the process of his adaptation in a given social environment;

Only a person has the ability to consciously prepare the younger generation for the adaptation process, using all the means of education for this;

The process of "acceptance" or "rejection" by individuals of existing social relations depends both on social belonging, worldview, and on the direction of upbringing;

A person consciously acts as a subject of social adaptation, changing his views, attitudes, value orientations under the influence of circumstances;

Social adaptation is a process of active development by a person of the social environment, in which the person acts both as an object and as a subject of adaptation, and the social environment is both an adapting and adaptable side.

Successful social adaptation of an individual requires maximum expenditure of the individual's spiritual energy.

Youth is a path to the future that a person chooses. The choice of the future, its planning is a characteristic feature of a young age; he would not be so attractive if the person knew in advance what would happen to him tomorrow, in a month, in a year.

General conclusion: "Each subsequent generation of young people is worse than the previous one in terms of the main indicators of social status and development." This is expressed, first of all, in the tendency to reduce the number of young people, which leads to an aging society and, consequently, a decrease in the role of young people as a social resource in general.

The demographic situation is complicated by a new one in the Belarusian reality - an increase in murders and suicides, including among young people. The reason is the emergence of difficult personal and life situations. According to the data, 10% of graduates of state institutions for orphans commit suicide, not being able to adapt to living conditions.

Firstly, the unresolved socio-economic and everyday problems.

Secondly - in the trend of deterioration in the health status of children and adolescents. The growing generation is less healthy physically and mentally than the previous one. On average, in Belarus, only 10% of school graduates can consider themselves absolutely healthy, 45–50% of them have serious morphological and functional deviations.

Recently, an increase in the number of diseases such as:

1. mental disorders;

2. peptic ulcer of the gastrointestinal tract;

3. alcohol and drug addiction;

4. venereal diseases;

Some young people, due to unbalanced nutrition and reduced physical activity, gain overweight, go out a little bit, and do not participate in sports and recreational activities.

Thirdly, in the tendency to expand the process of desocialization and marginalization of young people. The number of young people leading an antisocial, immoral lifestyle is increasing. For various reasons and to varying degrees, they include: disabled people, alcoholics, vagabonds, "professional beggars", persons serving sentences in correctional labor institutions who strive to be socially useful citizens, but due to social conditions cannot become them. There is a lumpenization and criminalization of young people. ¾ student youth consider themselves to be low-income.

Fourthly, in the tendency to reduce the opportunities for youth participation in economic development. Statistics show that the proportion of young people among the unemployed remains high. The labor market is characterized by a significant flow of labor from the state to the non-state sector of the economy.

Moving into the sphere of positions that do not require professional knowledge, young people risk their future well-being by not ensuring the accumulation of intellectual property - professionalism. Moreover, this sphere of employment is characterized by a very high degree of criminalization.

Fifthly, in the tendency of a fall in the social value of labor, the prestige of a number of professions important for society. Sociological studies of recent years state that in labor motivation, priority is given not to meaningful work, but to work aimed at obtaining material benefits. "Big salary" - this motive turned out to be decisive when choosing a place of work.

Modern youth has a trait that shows that most of them want to have a good income, while having neither a profession nor a desire to work. This is due to the fact that young people lack incentives to work.

Recently, the problem of criminal influence on young people cannot but worry the Belarusian public. Every fourth criminal offense is committed by young people and adolescents. Among the offenses, the attention is drawn to mercenary crimes - theft, extortion of money, fraud. When analyzing statistical data, the volume of mercenary crimes in the present period is growing rapidly. It depends on the fact that there is a differentiation among young people and most of young people parents cannot give what they would like, taking into account the needs. And they themselves cannot get it due to the fact that they do not have a specialty or work skills. Young people are reluctant to pursue an education just because they have no prospect after graduation. Currently, more and more young people are using drugs. Maybe this comes from the hopelessness of realizing their capabilities or from the fact that, due to a lack of understanding of their seriousness, they were involved in this by people interested in the sale of drugs.

Now let's dwell on the role and importance of youth in society. In general, this role is due to the following objective circumstances.

1. Youth, being a fairly large socio-demographic group, occupies an important place in national economic production as the only source of replenishment of labor resources.

2. Young people are the main bearers of the intellectual potential of society. She has great ability to work, to be creative in all spheres of life.

3. Young people have a fairly large social and professional perspective. She is able to master new knowledge, professions and specialties faster than other social groups of society. The indicated circumstances can be confirmed by actual and statistical data.

By the beginning of 1990, there were 62 million people in the former USSR. under the age of 30. Moreover, every fourth resident of the city and every fifth village were young people. In total, citizens under the age of 30 accounted for 43% of the working-age population. The share of young people aged 16 to 30 in the former USSR in 1990 was 22% of the total population. About the same percentage of it was in Ukraine. Over the past ten years, there has been a decrease in the young population in the territory of the former USSR by 4.8 million people, including in Ukraine the share of young people from 1989 to 1999 decreased from 22 to 20%.

According to 1986 data, about 40 million young men and women were employed in the national economy of the former USSR. At the same time, in some sectors more than half of the workers were young people. For example, in industry and construction, 54% of workers were under the age of 30, in agriculture - 44, in mechanical engineering - 40, in light industry - more than 50%. An indicative argument for the influence of young people on the growth of the country's national wealth is its share in the total social product. Thus, the increase in social production in the former USSR (of the total volume) was provided by young people in the seventh five-year period by 30%, in the eighth - by 57, in the ninth and tenth - by 90%. Both today and in the future (including in Ukraine), the growth of industrial production also depends, first of all, on how new young workers are involved in it.

Of course, the given data cannot be considered unambiguously. Rather, we can talk about a certain exploitation of young people by society, the use of their potential.

In recent years, the following trends have been noted in the demographic situation with regard to youth:

The number of rural youth is growing, which is a good prerequisite for the demographic revival of the countryside;

The trend towards rejuvenation of motherhood is clearly expressed, although a significant number of young families, due to socio-economic problems, are in no hurry to have children;

The number of young migrants is increasing, etc.

Of fundamental importance when considering youth problems is the question of youth as a subject and object of social transformations. The role of youth as a subject and object in the historical process of the development of society is very specific. From the point of view of the mechanism of socialization of youth, at first a young person, entering life, is the object of the influence of social conditions, family, friends, educational and educational institutions, and then, in the process of growing up and the transition from childhood to adolescence, he learns and begins to create the world himself, i.e. .becomes the subject of all socio-economic, political and social transformations. It is clear that the problem of youth has a global, universal character, and therefore is in the center of attention of all countries and major organizations in the world.

In this case, at least two problems are clearly visible: intergenerational relationships; the possibilities and effectiveness of the influence of older generations on the young. There is no doubt that young people need the experience of their elders and are entitled to a critical, selective approach to assessing it and using it in their personal lives.

In the past, young people were seen as an object of influence, reproduction not only of new generations, but also of ideas and attitudes set in advance. We share the point of view of G. Cherny, who explains the essence of the new demands and approaches to young people by the transition from a predominantly command-and-control system of political leadership of youth to a predominantly democratic, mass youth policy that presupposes "feedback" and control "from below", taking into account the pluralism of interests. positions and opinions in the youth environment and a wide range of socio-political dynamics of various youth associations.

Indeed, today young people cannot be focused exclusively on the implementation of national affairs related to the solution of planned targets; she should be able to solve her own youth problems. The interests of young people, their real, pressing problems are an organic part of all social tasks of society. Here it is appropriate to recall an interesting statement by the famous psychologist I.S.Kon that in the 20th century the rate of change of new technology began to outstrip the rate of change of new generations. This feature of the scientific and technological revolution had a significant impact on the psyche and psychology of young people, more clearly revealed its inability to live. We will enter the 21st century with this problem of youth.

Young people today, on the one hand, more and more feel themselves to be a special group of society within a certain "youth culture", and on the other hand, they are increasingly suffering from the insolubility of many of their specific problems. At the same time, the most serious factor deforming the psyche of young people is the lack of a certain amount of trust in them. Young men and women are very little involved in solving and implementing the most diverse problems of the life of modern society. Moreover, they are not even included on an equal footing in the discussion of various issues that concern all citizens.

As a result of all the reasons and problems discussed above, a certain differentiation, still little studied by sociological science, occurs among young people. In particular, VF Levicheva, in her works during the period of rapid growth of the so-called informal youth associations, identified three classes of social objects of fundamentally different types: adolescent groups; amateur associations of young people of various orientations (groups for the protection of historical and cultural monuments, "green", associations of creative youth, leisure groups, sports and recreation and peacekeeping associations, political clubs, etc.); popular fronts (social formations that included youth).

2. Educational and vocational training of young people at the present stage

2.1 ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF EDUCATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY AND PERSONALITY

A person as an individual, as a socially active person is created, shaped by education and upbringing. Etymology, the original meaning of the word "education" goes back to the Latin word "eiisage" - literally "to pull out", "to grow". In the word "educate" the root of "nourish" carries the main power load. Its synonym is "feed", and hence the word "feed".

Education is the most important foundation and evidence of the level of development of the economy, politics, spirituality, culture, morality as the most general, integral indicator of the development of any society. No wonder they say: what is the level of education, so is the country and its citizens. Philosophy defines the concept of "education" as "the general spiritual process of the formation of a person and the result of this process - the spiritual appearance of a person"

This definition of education is very broad and voluminous; it is a methodological basis for the consideration, study and analysis of this concept by other sciences. This, in particular, is noted by NP Lukashevich and VT Solodkov, who most fundamentally examined the essence of education through the prism of sociology.

The role and importance of education is recognized, first of all, as an indispensable factor in the progressive development of both an individual and humanity in general. Thus, the "Program of Action" adopted in 1994 at the International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo (Egypt) states: "Education is a key factor in sustainable development: it is both a component of well-being and a factor in creating well-being through its ties , both with economic and social factors. Education is also a tool that gives an aspiring person the opportunity to access knowledge that helps to navigate in today's complex world "

Definition and understanding of education as an integral social system is essential. Without this, it is impossible to understand its essence, role and purpose.

Education is also nothing more than a system of specific, closely interconnected institutions and organizations. From schools to academies and other educational institutions, these institutions perform (only at different levels and varying degrees of complexity) the functions of training, education, upbringing, personality formation, and its all-round development.

With the receipt of a fundamental education, a person becomes a person, that is, he is considered already as a social being, characterized by his inclusion in many spheres of life, having significant social contacts and connections.

The general law of the priority of education for the civilized world, which provides the way to personal freedom, its high intellectual and cultural development, professional training and at the same time economic prosperity and cultural progress of society, made itself felt in the second half of the 20th century. Along with the outstanding achievements of mankind in the most diverse fields of knowledge, science, technology, art, a certain limitation of human knowledge was revealed.

The second half of the 20th century clearly confirmed that it is possible to achieve cultural, technical and technological progress only on the path of priority development of education.

The crisis in education in most of the leading countries of the world made itself felt in the 90s. But the crisis is not the same. If in countries with low economic indicators the crisis of education revealed itself in connection with the material foundations of education, then in economically highly developed countries it is associated with the search for new approaches to determining the content of education and teaching methods.

The incompatibility of the educational system of Ukraine, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus and other post-Soviet countries with the world is due, for example, to the number of students per teacher. In developed countries today there are from 25 to 30 students per teacher, and in Ukraine - 7. If, according to UNESCO, there should be about 8 million students in Russia today, then there are only 2.8 million. for comparison, today there are 14 million students. It is clear that the number of students is not an end in itself. What is important is the number of future specialists, their ability to ensure the progressive development of their countries.

In any country, a multilevel education system is a prerequisite for preparing a person for life. So, in modern Ukraine today there are about 47.5 thousand educational institutions, in which 12309.2 thousand young citizens - children, adolescents, youth, study. In the education system of our country, there are over 21 thousand preschool educational institutions, which educate about 2 million children; more than 21 thousand secondary educational institutions (schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, educational complexes); 1156 vocational schools; 790 higher educational institutions.

The rating of education in the system of values ​​of citizens, and especially young people, is essential. Various sociological expert studies indicate that education is one of the ten most important values ​​for young people. Another thing is that only every third young person (under 25) considers education a priority. This is due to the rather low prestige of education, the lack of the necessary connection between a person's education and the nature of his work. So, only 25% of respondents associate the possibility of raising their qualifications with the condition of education, and only 10% of the young people surveyed for promotion

The three main problems of education in Ukraine include the following.

1. A significant drop in the level of professional education associated with a decline in the prestige of education. It gradually leads to a decrease in the general educational level of the population in general.

2. Deterioration of the conditions of the educational process. There is a reduction in the construction of educational institutions, the destruction of their material and technical base, deterioration of technical equipment, food, living conditions of schoolchildren, schoolchildren and students. The main reason for this state is the extremely inadequate financial support for education.

3. Deterioration of the quality of professional activities of teachers, teaching staff. Along with the problem of remuneration for their labor, in recent years, problems have arisen of a decline in the prestige of study and education, as a result of which there is a decline in the social status of a teacher.

Unlike state educational institutions, non-state ones will have to work out new methods not only for educational, but also outside of educational work, for the socialization of the personality of a future specialist. Perhaps controversial, but worthy of attention, is the remark of I. Ilyinsky, director of the Institute of Youth (Moscow), who writes: Moreover, they reserve thereby the right not to engage in their development and fate in the future. " There is certainly common sense in this statement.

And yet, focusing on the fact that the state in any conditions must necessarily give everyone a certain level of education (state component) at its own expense, we note once again that at the same time for those who want and can, it must create conditions for paid education.

2.2 EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF THE PERSONALITY

The most important task of the school, as well as educational institutions of a higher level and status, is not so much training as the formation of a creative, active personality capable of self-improvement and self-realization. Such a personality is formed in the course of training and education.

If we talk about the two-fold process of socialization of the individual - education and upbringing - then education has always been and has the greatest importance. In order to educate, you must first know how it is done and what needs to be done. As a product of the spiritual development of the human community, knowledge is the basis of the educational process. However, the role of upbringing cannot be underestimated. It is another matter that in the Soviet period of our national history, it was upbringing that was hypertrophied, elevated and placed above education, or even opposed to it.

The fact that education is the first and indispensable condition for the socialization of a person is indisputable. However, the process of socialization does not end either with the end of adolescence or with the acquisition of education. Further professional, working life of a person to a greater and / 1 or less degree is associated with education, advanced training. At a more mature age, "personality," writes GA Andreeva, "not only doubles social experience, but also reproduces it."

The concepts of "education" and "socialization" should not be confused or equated. Education involves the impact on a young citizen of other people, teachers, educators, the environment, social institutions of education, culture, etc. Socialization is the process of selective assimilation of certain values, identification of a person with them, development of social goals of life, activities, actions. The peculiarity of upbringing consists, first of all, in the fact that it can be carried out only in the presence of certain ideals.

In the broadest sense, education is a process of continuous development of the abilities of an individual as an individual and a member of society.

There is a broader definition: "Upbringing is a life-long process that fosters the continuous development of a person's abilities both as an individual and as a member of society."

The main goal of upbringing is to create conditions for the full development and self-realization of an autonomous, responsive, responsible and obligatory personality in its actions and deeds.

The upbringing process is provided as a result of the interaction of three main directions:

Formal (school);

Informal (family, peer groups, various sources and media);

Outside the formal (youth associations and organizations, Movements, youth clubs, centers, etc.).

Let us briefly describe the features of these areas.

Formal or academic education is a hierarchically structured, time-based educational system from a preschool institution to a university or an academy. Of decisive importance in this direction is the school, which lays the foundations for value, spiritual orientations, forms interests and needs.

Informal education- a complex and dynamic process, during which a person as an individual throughout his life acquires more and more new behavioral skills, values ​​and knowledge. The source of such upbringing is everyday life - communication with other people in the family, with peers, and the environment. It is easy to guess that informal education is carried out not only in youth, but also in adulthood.

Informal education has also undergone significant changes to date. The influence of the family on the teenager has significantly decreased, since many parents who are trying to somehow make ends meet in their family do not have the opportunity to raise their children.

Outside formal upbringing is interpreted as an organized educational activity outside the established formal system (school, university, etc.), which is aimed at serving an identifiable educational object with identifiable auxiliary purposes. Learn to know - it means accumulating more knowledge, while combining a broad general culture with the possibilities of in-depth work in a limited number of disciplines. It is not for nothing that they say that a highly educated person not only knows a lot, but knows a lot in a very narrow direction or in relation to a separate phenomenon or subject. It is necessary to study in such a way as to skillfully use the opportunities provided by upbringing throughout life. Learn to do ... It is necessary to acquire not only professional skills, but also a wide range of so-called life skills. Skills that make it possible to successfully communicate with other people, in a group of people, are essential here. Learning to live together... A well-mannered person knows how to understand other people. He feels and realizes that he lives in conditions of interdependence of people, when disagreements and conflicts are possible, which must be able to be regulated. He knows how to respect the opinions of others, strives for mutual understanding, peace, justice. Learn to be a person ... This is the most difficult science, because it is associated with improving one's own character, with the ability to act autonomously, showing independence of judgment and high personal responsibility for one's actions and deeds. An educational influence on a young person is carried out by relatives, friends, peers, the media, etc. But of decisive importance, perhaps, are the outstanding predecessors of yours and other peoples, teachers and professors who help to master the knowledge of their chosen profession.

Education, science, culture, expressing the national identity of the Ukrainian people, are based on the deep philosophical heritage that our great compatriots Yuriy Drohobych, Ivan Vishensky, Petro Mohyla, Grigoriy Skovoroda, Feofan Prokopovich, Nikolay Kostomarov, Panfil Yurkevich, Ivan Franko, Taras Shevchenko left us , Mikhail Grushevsky and many others.

The life and professional activities of these great citizens of our Fatherland are vivid examples to follow, the formation of new and new generations of the Ukrainian nation, our national elite.

The highest stage of personality development is self-education, self-improvement. If education from the point of view of the sociology of youth is a peculiar, special form of socialization of the individual and appears as a conscious function through which a young citizen purposefully enters the world of social relations, then self-improvement is a process of volitional activity of the person himself. Through self-education, a person not only becomes more developed, perfect, but more and more removes from himself the restrictions imposed by the existing level of social development, the morality of this society.

Any person has a certain level of education, which can also be called education. Education is not a certain amount of human knowledge in general. This is the processed knowledge introduced by a person into his inner world, allowing her to freely exist in the world of spiritual culture, to understand the beauty in art, literature, any field of knowledge that she has mastered and in which she continues to improve.

Acquisition of education, profession does not manifest itself in the same way in different spheres of a person's life, especially a young one. As I.S.Kon rightly notes, “a young man can be quite mature in the sphere of labor activity, while remaining at the same time at the adolescent level in the sphere of relations with girls or in the sphere of cultural needs, and vice versa. Accordingly, the approach to him in different spheres life must be differentiated. "

Sociology of education draws attention to the fundamental circumstance that with an increase in the level of mastered scientific knowledge, the need for a person to acquire certain practical skills in its use increases. The Soviet education system at one time was almost not inferior to foreign ones in the amount of knowledge acquired by young specialists, but it lagged significantly precisely in how to teach them to use this knowledge as effectively as possible in practice, in professional activity. The effectiveness of the socialization of youth is directly related to how closely the needs of society, the system of education and vocational training of young people and their life plans are linked. More precisely, the youth education system is a kind of connecting "bridge" between the needs of society and the life plans of young people.

Thus, learning is not an end in itself; it actually always presupposes the acquisition of certain labor skills, a profession. The problems associated with the acquisition of professions by young people have always been enough, and in the conditions of the transition to the market, these problems are even more exacerbated, because the lack of a profession or an insufficient level of qualifications of workers leads to significant economic losses. Vocational educational institutions are called upon to determine the qualitative structure of workers, the level of their qualifications, focusing on the needs of the market.

The time of preparing young people for work, professional activity by the first choice of a profession or even receiving a certain special education does not end at all. There is also the so-called period of professional and industrial adaptation, which lasts from 3 to 5, or even more years, depending on specific conditions.

1. Education is the most important basis for the process of spiritual formation of a person, his appearance, worldview, as well as an indicator of the level of economic, political, spiritual and moral development of society. From this point of view, education can be viewed as a kind of practical and cognitive activity, as an integral system.

2. Education is always associated with upbringing, the formation of a person's personal qualities, his value, spiritual interests and ideals. In close unity, education and upbringing create favorable conditions for the socialization of the individual, the formation of his civic position.

As a multi-level system, education cannot be reformed if its main dominants are not affected: content (the level of organization of training, the educational process), organizational (the degree of subordination of educational institutions and the mechanism for managing them) and financial (material support of education).

3. The effectiveness of education is largely determined by the level of professional training of a person in any field of activity, the availability of practical skills and the ability to creatively use the knowledge gained both for self-realization and for ensuring social progress.

3. Value orientations and needs of modern youth

3.1 VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF YOUTH

The concept of "value" is widely used in philosophical and other specialized literature to indicate the human, social and cultural significance of certain phenomena of reality. Value (according to P. Mentser) is what the feelings of people dictate to recognize as standing above everything and to which one can strive, contemplate and treat with respect, recognition, reverence.

In fact, value is not a property of any thing, but an essence, a condition for the full existence of an object.

Value as the totality of all objects of human activity can be regarded as "object values", that is, objects of value relations. The value itself is a certain significance of the object for the subject. Values ​​are the essence and properties of an object, a phenomenon. They are also certain ideas, views through which people satisfy their needs and interests.

The methods and criteria on the basis of which the procedures for evaluating the relevant phenomena are carried out are fixed in public consciousness and culture, as are subjective values. Thus, objective and subjective values ​​are two pluses of a person's value attitude to the world around him. What may be a value for one person may be underestimated by another, or even not considered a value at all, that is, value is always subjective.

From a formal point of view, values ​​are divided into positive and negative (among them low value can be distinguished), absolute and relative, subjective and objective. By content, material values ​​are distinguished, logical and aesthetic. Considering the essence and features of the concept of "values", scientists also use such concepts as "ethics of values", "philosophy of values". The first is related to the works of N. Hartmann, the second - to F. Nietzsche, who tried to reassess all values, "order them by rank."

From a young age, a person basically adheres to various values, understands their essence and meaning for himself. Further, in the process of learning, all-round development, accumulation of life experience, a person develops the ability to independently choose a system-forming value, that is, the one that at the moment seems to her the most significant and at the same time sets a certain hierarchy of values. In the consciousness of each person, personal values ​​are reflected in the form of social, value orientations, which are figuratively called the "axis of consciousness" that ensures the stability of the individual. "Value orientations are the most important elements of the internal structure of the personality, fixed by the life experience of the individual, by the totality of his experiences and limiting the meaningful, essential for a given person from the insignificant, inessential."

An individual person can recognize many values ​​as really existing, influencing his life, but he does not choose and recognize all of them as his personal goals and tasks of life. One way or another, most of the conscious, recognized as their own values, the desire to be guided by them allow a person to interact with other people, to contribute to the development of society, both materially and spiritually.

A person's value orientations are formed into a certain system that has (in the form of subsystems) three main directions: social and structural orientations and plans; plans and orientations for a certain way of life; human activity and communication in the field of various social institutions. Among the entire hierarchy of values, one can single out those that are universal, or global, that is, inherent in the maximum number of people, for example, Freedom, Labor, Creativity, Humanism, Solidarity, Philanthropy, Family, Nation, People, Children, etc.

In accordance with the orientation towards certain values, their hierarchy in the minds of young people, psychological and behavioral reactions to changes in the socio-political situation in countries in transition, several typological groups of young people can be identified and characterized.

The first group is young people who have retained the old values ​​or at least prefer them. Representatives of this group (approximately no more than 10%) support the communist, socialist, and partly peasant parties in Ukraine, and are part of the Komsomol organizations. These young people are prone to protests, pickets, demonstrations, and other social protest actions, both independently and together with older comrades, who actively involve them in this, including with a view to subsequently changing the political course. To a large extent, such young people deny the path of market transformations, are open adherents of an authoritarian consciousness and sympathize with charismatic leaders and leaders.

The second group includes those who are diametrically opposed in their value orientations to the first group. These are young men and women who almost completely deny the values ​​of the past, defend the ideas of transforming society on the basis of the values ​​that societies with a developed market economy have, a high level of social security for citizens. More than half of young people perceive the values ​​of the market economy, defend private property, give preference to the freedom of economic choice of each person (where to work or not to work at all). According to research conducted among young people in Ukraine, almost two-thirds of young people consider themselves to be adherents to the maximum enrichment of each person as a condition for creating a wealthy society.

The third group is young people (a very small number) who, although they criticize the values ​​of a socialist society, do not completely deny them, but require some correction while maintaining such mandatory attributes as a single state, the basic principles of the structure of society. Young people belonging to this group are related to the labor, trade union movement, propagandize the ideas of liberalism. In the case of a slow development of transformation processes towards a society with a market economy, the youth of this group will most likely join the first group, which is more determined to return the values ​​of a planned distribution, socialist society.

The fourth group includes young people who are characterized not only by the denial of the "old world", but by intolerance of any values ​​other than their own. Scientists define this type of people as quasi-revolutionary, because they are so radical that they not only strive to break off their relations with the old structures, but are also ready to destroy them, destroy them. Such young people are rather accurately characterized by radicalism, intolerance to accumulation, denial of objective historical continuity in the development of society and its citizens. There are many of them among the so-called "new" Bolsheviks, whose views have a certain specific national coloring. These are individual journalists, young writers, representatives of the technical and creative intelligentsia, publicists, parliamentarians, students.

Youth as the “future of the nation” at all times has been of particular value to society. It occupies an important place in social relations, the production of material and spiritual wealth. The position of young people in society and the degree of their participation in the development of the social environment depends both on the state and on their own active life position. On the one hand, young people plan and build their future, therefore they must take into account the experience of generations and not make mistakes and mistakes. On the other hand, society and the state must rethink, how to rediscover youth as a subject of history, as the main factor of change, as a social value. In modern Russia, the concept of the state's youth policy has been built, which is the purposeful activity of state authorities, public associations and other social institutions aimed at solving the problems of youth in all spheres of its life. Today the state proposes a system of measures, programs in order to create conditions for the realization of the social, intellectual, cultural and economic potential of the younger generation. On the one hand, the modern government is interested in the development of the "youth sphere", motivating the younger generation to cooperate in the development of society. On the other hand, young people carry out innovative activities and contribute to the creative potential of the development of society. Using their creativity, thoughts, suggestions, young people create new organizations, associations and movements. For example, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, with the support of the federal and regional authorities, were formed; Krasnoyarsk regional student brigades, Yenisei patriots, the union of professionals, Molodaya Gvardiya, KVN, labor detachments of high school students, volunteers, volunteer youth brigades, regional youth congresses, the TIM Biryusa summer youth camp. Thanks to their creation, hundreds of young residents of our region join the ranks of active youth every year. In the field of leisure, media (television and radio), artistic life, pop music, cinema, fashion, young people are an important factor in shaping tastes. Her spiritual values ​​are spread throughout the world. Her views are increasingly influencing those in power. Young people have a special interest in and feel their involvement in solving the problems of socio-economic development, independence, democratization and peace. She demonstrates her enthusiasm and ability to strengthen international understanding, participates in the movement for the ecology of the planet. Speaking about the role of youth and the state in the development of the social environment, one cannot remain silent about the other side of this issue. At the moment, the role of youth in social development is much lower than it should and can be. In addition, society and the state have not yet completely overcome the consumer attitude towards youth, which in turn negatively affects the position of the younger generation. Today, the subjectivity of youth is only being formed, based on the principle “what I did for my country, not what the country did for me”. This principle requires appropriate approaches from the state and society, the creation of a new system of youth work. The future cannot be built without the conscious and active participation of young people themselves. The problem of the participation of young generations in social development is a question of the pace, nature and quality of human development. A significant part of young people are alienated from the process of participation in all spheres of life, which makes it difficult to integrate into society. Failures in social adaptation and alienation of young people from society and the state are manifested in youth crime, drug addiction, alcoholism, homelessness, prostitution, the scale of which has acquired an unprecedented character. The formation of a young person as a person, the process of socialization of youth takes place in very difficult conditions of breaking many old values ​​and the formation of new social relations. Modern youth must adapt to new requirements, master the system of knowledge, norms, values ​​and traditions in the labor, political and legal spheres of life. The role of youth in the development of society is great. She is smart, proactive, energetic, and thanks to this, she is a driving force in strengthening and modernizing society. The model of youth participation in all spheres of society has changed. In many countries, young people support the changes and social reforms that have taken place. Russian youth are an important subject of social change. It is with her that the country being reformed connects possible changes in the future. In general, the students have enough strength and knowledge to take on the solution of many problems, but they still need to show a vital active position.