Why do people see the world differently

Everything that people perceive has an emotional connotation for them. Little of, different people they don't just see the same world in different emotional colors, they just see different things. Sometimes they do not notice what others perceive, and, on the contrary, they see what seems to be hidden from everyone. The perception of the same event differs between a civil servant and a military man, a woman and a man, the eldest and youngest child in the family, the rich and the poor, the well-fed and the hungry.

Popular wisdom describes these phenomena well - to see the straw and not notice the log, fear has big eyes, love is blind. What explanations does psychology give?

People have different needs, expectations, fears. Each person needs different strengths to distinguish between different signals. For example, to hear your name, a low volume and even a hint of the sound image of the name is enough, but in order to hear an unpleasant request, you need a high volume and clarity of the signal. And people don’t pretend to be deaf - they really hear.

The unconscious part of the psyche, which best knows the true needs of a person, is responsible for selective perception.

Basic mechanisms of perception selectivity

1. Healthy alertness. Stimuli that indicate a threat to a person's physical or psychological integrity are recognized first and best. Past experience increases vigilance - a frightened crow is afraid of a bush.
2. Achievement mindset. Signals about the possibility of satisfying needs are perceived fairly quickly and efficiently. A person recognizes half-erased text, slurred speech, if the fulfillment of a desire depends on them.
3. Psychological protection. The stimuli that are recognized the worst and are most distorted are those carrying information about possible unmet needs, disappointed expectations, displeasure. It is unpleasant for a person to see something, and he does not see - he does not believe his eyes, he does not notice obstacles.

Parameters that are often distorted in perception

• Space. Pleasant objects seem closer, so people often say to themselves “I’ll get there” when they see a beautiful mountain.
• Dimensions. Poor people see coins as larger than rich people. Women with positive attitude in relation to their figure, they evaluate themselves as thinner, and women who are dissatisfied with themselves see themselves as fatter than they really are. From the children's drawings it is clear who, especially the big ones, is important to him in the family.
• Time. Teenagers perceive 6 hours without Internet access as an eternity, a night in social networks like just a couple of hours.
• Cause-and-effect relationships. People tend to consider themselves the cause of success, and others or circumstances as the source of failure.
• Probability of an event. Each person has his own scale of rare, frequent, incredible events– weather phenomena, noble and low human actions, social change. The importance of an event distorts the perception of its likelihood. What is the chance of meeting a knight on a white horse? And the girls predict this as an obligatory event.
• Uncertain information is a wide field for subjective perception. Built on this famous tests inkblots Rorschach, in which everyone sees their own image.

What do perception distortions provide?

The balance of the principles of alertness, receptivity, and psychological defense allows a person to maintain a positive emotional background, navigate reality, avoid dangers and satisfy your needs.

• 75.4k

Guys, we put our soul into the site. Thank you for that
that you are discovering this beauty. Thanks for the inspiration and goosebumps.
Join us on Facebook And In contact with

A person's eyes are not only his soul, but also the whole world riddles Why do they say that before people haven’t you seen blue, although the Egyptians used it to color their tombs and decorations with all their might? How do some people manage to see ultraviolet radiation, while others manage to distinguish 100 million colors at once? Does creative vision really exist? There are so many questions that modern scientists must surely have answers to.

We are in website decided to find out how the vision of different people differs depending on the way of thinking, culture, time and other circumstances. Be careful, after this article you can see the world in a new light.

Why did ancient people not distinguish fuchsia from white, but confused purple with blue?

10 thousand years ago, people saw colors the same way as we do, but they used general names. Light shades were equated to white, dark shades to black. The fuchsia color was bright and light, so it stood on par with white or yellow. Purple and blue were similar and stood in the same row, equating to dark or black. Later, shades began to be distributed between red, yellow, green and blue-green colors (purple and blue fell into the category of blue-green color).

In speech, people described shades of color through context - the same way we explain taste today. The words “sweet”, “salty”, “sour”, “spicy” or “bitter” are often not enough to accurately convey the meaning, and we use qualifiers: compare, for example, the phrases “like a sour lemon” and “like sour coffee.” .

The ancient Egyptians saw the color blue, but the Greeks did not?

Egyptologist Richard H. Wilkinson noted that each color had a specific meaning.

For example, artists always depicted men with red-brown skin, women with light brown, and gods with gold, because they believed that the skin of gods and pharaohs was really made of gold. The exception was Osiris, who received black or green skin - a symbol of new life and resurrection. This underscored his story: he was killed by the god Set and resurrected by the goddess Isis to then rule the underworld.

Blue and light blue were the most popular colors among the Egyptians, they symbolized truth, righteousness, birth and life. The skies and waters of the fertile Nile were blue, fertility amulets and tattoos for women in the form of the god of Bes were also more often of blue color. But the meaning of each color was inextricably tied to the context of the image.

This is more noticeable in the language of the ancient Greeks: when describing objects, they grouped them by qualities. For example, the sky was called bronze because it is dazzling, like a sword blade. The sea is purple-red, as is the wine, because they both symbolize freshness, life. But is it true that the Greeks did not distinguish the color blue?

Riddle: what did this ancient Greek statue originally look like?

Correct answer: option A.

Scientists Vinzenz Brinkmann and Ulrike Koch-Brinkmann have proven that antique statues and public buildings are in color. The pigments in the paints were mineral, but the medium itself was organic, so over time bacteria destroyed it and the paints crumbled. It turned out that our ideas about color minimalism ancient times far from reality. And, of course, the Greeks perfectly distinguished shades of blue, highlighting it as a separate category of color.

Based on research in 2007, American and German scientists developed an exhibition where ancient statues and buildings are presented in their original colors. It's hard to believe that hundreds of years ago ancient Greek craftsmen used such a variety of colors, decorations in the form of bronze inserts and bulging eye pupils made of black stone.

Even Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher and educator of Alexander the Great, in his writings talked about 7 primary colors: black, white, red, yellow, green, blue and violet. He associated them with 7 notes and the days of the week.

Today we name 11–12 main categories of color in the language, and this indirectly indicates the degree of development of society. There are also those who easily determine the slightest difference in shades of colors and use 10 times more definitions.

For example, "chartreuse", "lime" and "shamrock" are names of green-hued flowers that look like green or light green to most. You can check how sensitive your eyes are to color using this test.

No person can distinguish blue colors until they are a year old.

The study found that children aged 4 to 8 months were faster at recognizing a green circle on a blue background than a blue circle on a blue background. These findings present scientists with a new mystery: is the ability to recognize colors innate or acquired?

Some people see 100 times more colors than others. Count how many stripes you see:

Less than 20 strips: You may have 2 types of light-sensitive cones. Like 1/4 of the world's population. You see slightly fewer colors than most. Special glasses or applications designed for all types of color blindness will help you see the full spectrum.

From 20 to 36 strips: You most likely have 3 types of light-sensitive cones. You, like most people, distinguish a large number of color shades.

More than 37 stripes: It looks like you are a tetrachromat. They have 4 types of light-sensitive cones. Such people recognize approximately 100 million colors, like bees, some birds and the artist Concetta Antico, who creates such paintings:

The presence of 4 types of cones at once is a rare mutation and occurs among women who have men in their family with color blindness. But even people with the same eyes - twins - perceive color differently. The brain itself determines color depending on mood, emotions and memories.

How to describe a color if there is no name for it in the language?

Some people have noticed that we often use different names for the same color due to difficulties in perception. Remember the riddle with the dress: some considered it white and gold, others considered it black and blue.

The Yele language, used on the island of Papua New Guinea, has a different approach to defining color. Instead of a separate name, use the name of an object that looks the same under any circumstances. For example, the word “night” means black, “cockatoo” means white, “sap” means dark red, “immature” means green, “reef water” means blue.

But even this approach will not protect you from the illusions that your own brain deliberately creates. Look at the picture and tell me what color the circles behind the stripes are:

The thing is that they are all the same color. This optical illusion Manker-White. Because of the multi-colored stripes in the picture, it seems that the circles are 4 different shades. Think this is an easy task now? Try to answer exactly what color the hearts behind the stripes are:

Answer: They are all the same color - yellow.

Can you hear color or see time?

Yes, the neurological phenomenon of synesthesia is also a game of our mind. Synaesthetic people imagine that the letter “D” is certainly, say, blue, and the name “Alexey” can leave a bitter taste in their mouth.

Famous synesthetes included Vladimir Nabokov, Franz Liszt, Duke Ellington and Van Gogh. If you think you are also a synesthete, test yourself and take part in research to help science understand this amazing condition.

Have you ever wondered why some people at 60 look and feel like they are 40 and why some at 40 look like 60-year-olds?

Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn discovered a biological indicator - telomerase, which restores telomeres, which affects our lifespan. The discovery brought her worldwide fame and Nobel Prize. According to her research, all we need to live happily ever after is to lengthen our telomeres. Co-authored with psychologist Elissa Epel, Dr. Blackburn wrote a book with unique recommendations to help protect our telomeres and reverse the trajectory of aging.

Attention!

The information contained in the book cannot serve as a substitute for medical advice. Before taking any recommended actions, you should consult with a specialist.

Book:

Why do we grow old with at different speeds? Why are some people agile and energetic even in old age, while others from a young age complain of illness, fatigue and absent-mindedness? This difference can be visually depicted as follows.

Look at the top white stripe in Fig. 1. It represents Kara's healthy years - the part of her life when she will remain healthy. Already after 50 years White color will be replaced by gray, and by 70 it will completely turn black. Another stage of her life will begin - the sick years.

This refers to the years marred by age-related diseases: cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, diabetes, cancer, lung diseases, problems with the immune system, etc. The condition of the skin and hair also deteriorates sharply. And the worst thing is that the matter is not limited to any one disease - Age-related illnesses tend to come in groups. Kara’s immune system isn’t just exhausted, she’s already experiencing joint pain and the first symptoms of cardiovascular disease. Often, age-related diseases bring death closer, but for many people, life continues, just not as bright and energetic as before. They have to put up with illness, fatigue and general discomfort.

Rice. 1. Healthy years and sick years. Healthy years means the number of years during which a person does not complain about health. Under the sick – during which various diseases significantly affect the quality of life. Both Lisa and Kara could easily live to be 100 years old, but the quality of the second half of their lives will vary greatly.

At 50, Kara should be glowing with health, but as the chart shows, it is at this age that her sick years begin. Kara herself would have formulated this idea more straightforwardly: she is getting old.

With Lisa, everything is different.

At 50, Lisa still enjoys excellent health. She will inevitably age over time, but she still has many healthy years ahead of her. Only closer to 80 - this age gerontologists call extreme old age - will it become much more difficult for her to maintain the same pace of life. Lisa will have some sick years, but they will fit into a very short period that ends a long and productive life.

Lisa and Kara - fictional characters, which we came up with as an illustrative example, but their stories allow us to raise questions that are relevant to each person.

Why do some people bask in the rays of good health, while others vegetate in the shadow of illness? Can each of us choose our own destiny?

Although the study of telomeres has become a relatively new scientific trend, main question, which interests researchers, is not new to anyone. People have wondered about them for thousands of years - perhaps since they learned to count years and compare themselves with others.

Some believe that the aging process is completely programmed by nature and is beyond human control. This idea formed the basis ancient Greek myth about the Moira sisters - three old women who are present at the birth of a baby and determine his fate in the very first days of life. The first sister spins the thread human destiny, the second measures its length, and the third cuts it. The lifespan corresponds to the length of this thread. When the Moirai finish their work, the fate of a person is finally predetermined.

This idea continues to exist to this day, albeit formulated in scientific terms. The modern version of the myth says that a person's health depends mainly on his genes. In the minds of scientists, there are no moirai hovering over a baby's cradle, but from a scientific point of view, the genetic code, even before a person is born, determines the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, cancer, as well as his approximate life expectancy.

Many people, perhaps without even realizing it, are sure that only nature influences the aging process. If they were asked to explain why Kara is aging so much faster than her friend, this is what they might answer: “Her parents most likely also had problems with the heart and joints.” Or: “It’s all in her DNA.” Or: “She was unlucky with heredity.”

Of course, not everyone is convinced that genes completely determine our destiny. Many people have noticed that health also depends on lifestyle. Today this approach is considered modern, but it has existed for a very, very long time. In ancient Chinese parable tells about a black-haired commander who set out on a dangerous journey beyond native land. His greatest fear was that he would be caught and killed at the border. He woke up one morning to find that his beautiful black hair had turned grey. He aged prematurely, and it happened overnight. Already 2500 years ago, representatives of the great Chinese culture understood that premature aging can be caused by various external factors, such as stress. (This story has a happy ending: no one recognized the graying commander, and he crossed the border unnoticed. Well, old age has its advantages.)

Nowadays, many people believe that lifestyle is more important than heredity, that is, that the primary role is played not by inherited genes, but by everyday habits. Here's what these people might say about Kara's premature aging: "She eats too many carbs." Or: “As we age, each of us gets what we deserve.” Or: “She needs to exercise more.” Or: “Most likely, she has some deep-seated unresolved psychological problems.”

Let's take another look at how both sides explain Kara's accelerated aging. Supporters of the idea of ​​heredity look like complete fatalists. For better or worse, the future is completely programmed into the chromosomes at the moment a person is born. The words of those who main role gives a little more reassurance to their lifestyle: from the point of view of these people, premature aging can be avoided. At the same time, they tend to judge others: if Kara ages ahead of time, it is entirely her fault.

Which one is right? What determines the aging process - nature or nurture, genes or external factors? In fact, both are “to blame,” but the primary role belongs to the interaction between them. The real difference between Kara and Lisa is the complex interaction between genes, social relations, way of life, vicissitudes of fate and especially a person’s reaction to these vicissitudes of fate. Each of us is born with a predetermined set of genes, but the life we ​​choose greatly influences how those genes express themselves. In some cases, lifestyle can turn on and off certain genes. As obesity researcher George Bray cleverly put it, “genes only load the gun—on trigger It’s the environment that presses” (4). Moreover, his words apply not only to the problem of excess weight, but to almost any aspect of human health.

We will introduce you to a completely new approach to health. We'll look at health cellular level, to show you what premature cellular aging is and the toll it can take on the body. And at the same time we will teach you how to avoid this process - and even reverse it. We will dig deep and get to the very heart of the cell - its chromosomes. This is where we will find telomeres– repeating fragments of non-coding DNA that are located at the ends of chromosomes. Telomeres, which shorten with each cell division, help determine how quickly our cells age and when they die, depending on how quickly they wear out. An outstanding scientific discovery was that amazing fact that the terminal sections of chromosomes can also lengthen. Thus, aging is a dynamic process that can be slowed down or accelerated, and in a certain sense, even reversed. Aging does not have to be the unidirectional slippery slope to illness and gradual decline that it used to be in our minds. We will all age, but how exactly this happens depends largely on the health of our cells.

Rice. 2. Telomeres at the ends of chromosomes. Each chromosome has terminal sections, which consist of DNA strands coated with a special protective layer proteins. Please note: there are light areas in the image of the chromosomes - these are telomeres. The illustration shows telomeres at the wrong scale: in reality, they account for no more than one ten-thousandth the length of the DNA in our cells. These are tiny but vital parts of the chromosome.

We are molecular biologist Elizabeth and health psychologist Elissa. Elizabeth has dedicated her career to studying telomeres; thanks to her basic research originated new area scientific knowledge. Elissa, on the other hand, has dealt with psychological stress all her life. She studied its harmful effects on human behavior, psyche and physical health, and also looked for ways to reverse Negative consequences stress. Fifteen years ago, we joined forces and our research has forced the scientific community to take a fresh look at the relationship between body and mind. Our – and everyone’s – surprise knew no bounds when it was discovered that telomeres do not simply carry commands embedded in the genetic code. As it turns out, our telomeres listen to us. They obey the instructions we give them. Our lifestyle can cause telomeres to speed up the aging process of cells or, conversely, slow it down. Diet, emotional reaction to problems, stress in childhood, the degree of trust between us and others - all these and many other factors affect telomeres and can prevent premature aging at the cellular level. Simply put, one of the secrets of long and healthy life is to actively stimulate cell renewal.

Writes about interesting and useful things. Studies Adizes and more. He believes that every person can do something that brings him pleasure. You just have to really want it.

Adizes was once asked: " Why do people perceive information differently? "

Isaac Adizes

I learned about perceptions from mine when they were just learning to walk. One day, the eldest of them, Topaz, was sitting on a chair, waving his spoon and scattering the contents of his plate around him. Suddenly he pointed at something and shouted: “Mine.” I was surprised that my son began to show capitalist inclinations in such a way. early age. Why did he turn out to be such a materialist, such an amateur? private property? What's going on with his upbringing? Why weren't his first words "love" or "give"? Then, about fifteen months later, my second son, Shoham, behaved in exactly the same way at about the same age.

Several years later, when I was lecturing around the world, I learned that children cry “mine” at about the same age in all countries and in all languages. I wanted to find out why this was happening.

Having gained many years of experience in various companies, I realized that adults are just grown-up children. They also shout "mine" constantly. After several years of observation, I made the following discovery. The situation can be perceived in three ways different ways or through any combination thereof.

The first perception of reality is determined by the word “is” (exists). This is today's. It exists now. For example, are you listening to me in this moment, however, “is” is not necessarily what “ought to be”, which corresponds to the second perception. Perhaps, as you listen to me, it occurs to you that you “should” be working or doing something else at the moment.

Perhaps you “should” be with your children. Some little voice in the back of your mind is telling you what you “should” be doing instead of what you are currently doing.

The third perception is determined by what you “want” to do. While you are listening to me and thinking that you should be in the office, what you really “want” to be is on vacation. This is very similar to internal conflict. It is a conflict between what you “do”, what you think you “should” do, and what you “want” to do. And this causes pain.

In history you can find many examples of wars started as a result. For example, Hitler's actions at the end of World War II. He directed the war in Europe by measuring distances on a map with his fingers, ignoring realities, and mercilessly executing people who gave him bad news.

People with different styles perceive reality differently. For example, what trend do Entrepreneurs E demonstrate? What determines their actions: “want”, “should be” or “is”? They are guided by their desires. They confuse “want” and “eat”. Their style is determined by the following formula: “Since I “want” this, then this “is”.” That's why a typical E might say, "We sold a million dollars worth of merchandise." If A asks to see the contract, E will respond: “We have to meet with the client next week to make a final decision.”

Do you understand what's happening here? E confuses “want” and “is.” “Since I “want” it, it “is”.” E may also state, “We are leaders in our industry.” But what does he mean? That we already “are” leaders, that we “should be” leaders, or that we “want” to become leaders?

Yes you are right. This reminds me of someone who said at a meeting: “We best company in branch". Since these words caused confusion among those present, he quickly corrected himself: “We have everything we need to become the best.”

And who perceives what should be as if it actually exists? Of course, Administrator (A). If you ask him, “Do we have a solution to this problem?” - then he can answer you: “Of course there is. We spent a million dollars on it, didn't we?" You may question his statement: “Wait a minute. I know we “should” have a solution because we spent a million dollars on it, but that’s not the question. Do we really have a solution? After all, in fact, we only have a solution when it works.

What type of manager perceives what “is” as a given? Manufacturers (P). For them there is only what is. No matter what they want or what should be.

And who constantly beats around the bush so that you cannot understand whether what they believe “is”, whether what “is” is what they “want” or what they think do they think it “should be”? Integrator (I). He is able to understand the differences and what different people say because they do not have the exclusive process by which he arrives at real situation business At the same time, he does not reveal his thoughts, because they want to read yours first. He understands what “is” differently. This can create serious confusion. The confusion stems from the fact that different people perceive the world differently.

Ecology of life: Health and beauty. The structure of the joint determines the volume and amplitude of movements and there is nothing to be done about it. Some people squat to the ground easily, while others experience pain when squatting moderately - a sign of impingement syndrome or pinching.

We study the structure of the hip joints

All people are anatomically different. And most likely, you have already heard about the anatomical differences in the structure of the joints that prevent you from sitting in the perfect butterfly like your yoga neighbor on the left. Moreover, exercises that work fantastically for one person are practically impossible for another and almost useless for a third.

Is this determined by the regularity or frequency of exercise, or maybe the flexibility of the joints depends solely on “arthrosis” and the elasticity of the ligaments? Flexibility and range of motion decrease with age - a hackneyed truth that we are accustomed to not doubt. However, in my own way personal experience, I see every day quite flexible women 40-60 years old and alarmingly “unstretched” girls about 20.

Do a few squats and pay attention to the following: how wide do you spread your legs, body forward or vertically up, at what level of the squat do your heels have to come off the floor, where do your kneecaps point - forward, inward or outward? Can you squat and how stable are you in this position? Are your feet completely on the floor?

Let us now turn to simple anatomical variations that largely determine different drawings movements.

Important basic principle The way the joint works is this: you cannot stretch the bones. If only you break it. That's why, the structure of the joint determines the range of movements and there’s nothing to be done about it.

Usually the femoral neck, or rather, the angle at which it joins the pelvis, is quite individual.

There are three categories:

• coxa valga (more vertical position);
• coxa vara (horizontal position);
• and the average position is an angle of 40-50, which is called normal (like everything average, I dare say).

The funniest thing is that, according to statistics, it is the normal angle is less common. Diving deeper into the anatomical jungle, I will notice that the topic of anteversion and retroversion of the pelvis (covered in previous posts) is closely related to the present one. The angle between the femoral head and the long bone axis can be directed forward - the head is anterior to the body of the femur - anteversion; or back - the head of the femur behind the body of the bone) - retroversion. The degree of deviation, you guessed it, also varies widely.

The acetabulum is a round notch on the side of the pelvis where the hips are inserted and can also have a different design - be open more posteriorly (swinging the leg back is more expressive) or forward (it’s better to attack someone from behind, because a forward kick will be more memorable). The differences extend up to 30 degrees, so the range of motion varies greatly too.

Where is it easier for you to swing your leg forward? back? to the side?

But that’s not all, Mother Nature has given us different shapes of the acetabulum - round, oval, C-shaped, deep and flatter. Yes, this also affects the movement pattern. Well, at the same time, right and left do not have to be the same.

Yes, some people squat to the ground easily, while others experience pain when squatting moderately - a sign of impingement syndrome or pinching. If squatting or even bending at the hips causes pain, I would advise avoiding such movements to avoid injury.published