Summary: Lesson on the topic “Decorations in the life of ancient societies. The role of decorative arts in the era of Ancient Egypt. Jewelry in the life of ancient societies. The role of decorative arts in the era of Ancient Egypt (grade 6) Decorative and applied arts in the life of the ancient

Map of the Nile River Our path lies in Ancient Egypt, an amazing country full of mysteries and wonders, one of the first civilizations, distant from us for several millennia. The mighty African river Nile crosses the lifeless desert like a blue lotus, in the valley of which the life of the Egyptians was concentrated. The bright sun, warm humid climate created excellent conditions for people to live, and also influenced their clothes. With what grace, light, open clothes emphasize the beauty of tanned bodies, shading them with their whiteness!

Pharaoh, the sovereign ruler of Egypt, was revered as the son of God on Earth. Elegant, colorful clothes made him stand out from other people, emphasizing his special position in society. The headdress has long distinguished the rulers of all countries. Pharaoh and his dignitaries wore a splendid striped klaft headscarf, flowing down the sides in strict stripes and woven like a braid on the back. The royal majesty of the pharaoh was emphasized by the sacred symbols of the image of the ureus (protector cobra) and the griffin. The high tiara double crown decorated with the same symbols was also a sign of the power of the pharaoh. Two sceptres, a curved rod and a three-tailed whip, as well as an artificial beard were signs of royal dignity and power. Pharaohs in claft and tiara

Pharaoh Tutankhamun's mask The Egyptian's secret dream of continuing life after death was embodied in the cult of the dead. The ancient Egyptians built pyramids (tombs), the size and splendor of the decoration of which depended on the nobility of the deceased person. In addition to the mummy, they contained images of the deceased and many different objects. Gold-encrusted furniture, rich clothes, symbols of power, luxurious vessels, gold jewelry, weapons, drinks and food were placed in the royal tomb. According to the beliefs of the ancients, it was necessary to provide the deceased with all the benefits that surrounded him during his lifetime.

Here is a magnificently crafted massive pectoral pendant depicting a winged scarab supporting the moon's boat. Such a breast ornament was placed on the chest of the deceased pharaoh. Pay attention to the complex multi-tiered pattern that included these symbols, to the wondrous multicolored stones, to the harmonious combination of natural colors in the decoration. This is a wonderful piece of decorative art of Ancient Egypt. Decorative and applied art in Ancient Egypt was created for the glory of the kings. Decor was a means of expressing ideas, power, strength, immortality of the king, the Egyptians' ideas about eternal life.

Development of an open lesson on the art of this in grade 5

Theme: The role of decorative arts in the life of ancient society.

Goals:

To acquaint students with the concept of jewelry art, with the language of ancient decorative art.

Features of the art of Ancient Egypt.

To form the ability to distinguish between decorative art of different times according to stylistic features.

Equipment: Slides, reproductions, magazine "Young artist" no.

Today we will go to the distant past 5 thousand years ago. One of the most ancient and mysterious civilizations, Egypt, originates from those times.

The state was located in the valley of the Nile River. Egypt was called "the land of the never-setting sun." For 3 thousand years, the culture of Ancient Egypt practically did not change, and its basis was the religious ideas of the Egyptians and especially the funeral cult.

Mythology

The pantheon of Egyptian gods is very large (about 2 thousand). Their cult dates back to primitive times, when they worshiped the totem - the beast, the patron saint of the tribe.

The deities of the Egyptians are hunters: the patron saint of the dead Anubis with the head of a jackal, the baboon Thoth - the god of wisdom and writing. Sokhmet, the lion-headed goddess of war. Animals were considered sacred, they were kept at temples, honored, and after death they were embalmed and buried with sarcophagi: the cemeteries of sacred bulls, rams, cats, even rabbits were preserved.

The highest cult was the cult of the solar deity, formidable, giving life and incinerating. In one locality it was a winged disk flying across the sky, in another a huge beetle rolling a solar disk across the sky, sometimes in the form of a falcon or a man with a falcon's head. Their names were different: Ra, Atum, Aton, Khepri, Horus.

Khepri - morning sun

Ra - daytime

Atum - evening

Particularly prominent was the sun god Ra, embodied in the form of a falcon, crowned with a solar disk. He was considered the creator of the world and people who arose from his tears, the father of the gods, the father of the sea.

The sun god Amon was no less great. He was depicted with the head of a ram in a crown with two high feathers and a sun disc.

The hymns dedicated to Amun said:

People came out of his eyes. The gods became from his lips;

You alone have many hands

You extend them to those who love you,

Master of the world, you own all the land ...

Solar symbolism is varied: the Sun was depicted as a winged ball, in the form of a ball with many outstretched arms-rays, in the form of a calf.

The circle - a kind of solar disk - is constantly found in Egyptian ornaments.

The hypostasis of the solar deity, conquering the forces of darkness, was the god Horus, the light falcon - the son of Osiris. The myth of Osiris and Horus is especially important for understanding Egyptian art.

According to the myth, the god of fertility Osiris was once the king of Egypt and taught the Egyptians to cultivate the land and plant gardens. He was killed by his brother Set, the personification of the beginning of darkness and evil. The son of Osiris, Horus challenged Set to a duel and defeated him; after that Horus resurrected Osiris by letting him swallow his own eye. The resurrected Osiris never returned to earth, he became the lord of the underworld - the king of the dead. Horus became his heir on earth - the king of the living.

The oldest idea of ​​the eternal self-renewal of nature, the floods of the Nile and the changing seasons, of a dying and reviving grain thrown into the ground.

Belief in eternal life - life after death - is the source of the development of Egyptian art.

Pharaohs were considered gods during their lifetime, and therefore their transition to another world was furnished with special splendor.

As soon as the pharaoh came to the throne, his first task was to take care of eternity - to build for himself an eternal home in which he would dwell after death. This house should have everything that a person needs: furniture, utensils, jewelry, clothing, food, but the figures of animals and servants were made of wood. Inside, the tomb was decorated with reliefs and paintings depicting the life of the Egyptians, scenes from the life of the gods and pharaohs, feasts, war, and slave labor. There were several statues in the tomb with a portrait resemblance to the pharaoh.

The body was mummified and placed in a golden sarcophagus. In 1922, scientists opened the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun and showed the world the countless riches of the pharaohs.

Gold and gilded statues, a golden sarcophagus, a golden pharaoh's mask, ornate weapons, alabaster vessels. Pharaoh's wooden throne, inlaid with gold, stones. The weight of the gold items found in the tomb exceeded a ton.

Jewelry Art.

Jewelry includes household items, cult items, personal jewelry made of precious metals in combination with precious and semi-precious stones.

Nobles, priests, pharaohs surrounded themselves with magnificent works of art. Personal jewelry was at the same time objects of worship. These are amulets, talismans made in the form of symbols and compositions from them.

Lotus- personified beauty, immortality, eternal life.

Scarab was the god of the morning sun.

Falcon- daytime sun.

Rook- the symbol of the sky.

Eye- uadzhet - protected from trouble and symbolized resurrection after death (right - the sun, left - the moon).

Ball- solar disk. These symbols were used in breast jewelry, bracelets, earrings, which adorned not only noble Egyptians, but also men.

Costume

Were using cosmetics; they whitened their face, brought their eyes down. They wore wigs, collars - necklaces in the shape of the sun, and sandals made of papyrus leaves on their feet.

A man's suit - an apron, over which transparent, thin robes and an ornate belt were worn. Priests dressed in leopard skins.

Pharaoh- head with a striped shawl - claft- braided on the back.

Double crown - tiara symbolized power over Upper and Lower Egypt.

Headdresses are decorated with a picture urea(protector cobra) and griffin.

Two scepter- a curved rod and a three-tailed whip, as well as an artificial beard were signs of royal dignity and power.

Women wore a tight dress with straps - calaziris. The dresses of the queen and the slave girl differed not only in the quality of the material, but also in the decoration and decoration. Upper-class women wore a puffy wig with countless braids, which was adorned with a headband or hoop. Hands are decorated with bracelets.

The Egyptians surrounded themselves with objects of art that served them in everyday life. Cosmetic spoons, ivory boxes, golden vases, bowls, dishes, vessels.

Alabaster vases became a feature of the decorative arts of Egypt. They were carved from a translucent stone, mainly in the form of a lotus flower, decorated with openwork images of figures of people, stems, flowers.

Decorative and applied arts in Ancient Egypt were created for the glory of the kings. Decor was a means of expressing the idea of ​​power, strength, immortality of the king, the ideas of the Egyptians about eternal life.

Exercise:

Draw a sketch of jewelry in the style of ancient Egyptian art: a solar necklace, pendants, pectorals, bracelets, signs, symbols.

Application

Canons - vessels with lids in the form of the heads of the gods-protectors

Shakalog-headed Duamutef - guarded the stomach of the deceased

The liver was placed in the vessel of the god Imset (in human form)

The lungs were in the vessel of the god Hapi with the head of a baboon.

The hawk-headed god Kebehsenuef is the protector of the intestines.

Over 100 gold items are decorated. (gold finger tips)

Matryoshka - mummy

The figures are colossi more than 20 meters high.

Schenti - men's headband

Kalaziris - women's shirt

Gods

Anubis - the head of the wolf

Horus - god of light

Thoth is the god of the moon

bird head with mane

Isis - the goddess of wisdom, fertility

Uskkh - collar necklace

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Fine arts lesson in grade 5

Lesson topic:“The role of decorative arts in the life of ancient society. Ancient Greek vase painting "

Lesson objectives:

To deepen students' knowledge of the art of Ancient Greece. To acquaint students with Greek vase painting with styles (black-figure and red-figure) and subjects of ancient Greek painting on ceramics.

Develop the ability to comprehend the laws and phenomena of nature through mythological images;

Expand the horizons of students, contribute to the development of imagination, aesthetic taste when depicting a plot on a sketch of a vase.

To develop associative-figurative thinking, creative activity, to familiarize and foster respect for the values ​​of world culture.

To form the emotional sphere of the child's personality.

Lesson Objectives:

To contribute to the formation of students' knowledge about the styles and subjects of ancient Greek painting on ceramics;

to promote the development of skills to convey the unity of form and decor, to build decorative and ornamental compositions in the tradition of ancient Greek art based on the rhythmic repetition of plant or geometric elements;

to contribute to instilling interest in the culture of the peoples of Ancient Greece and the education of accuracy when performing creative work.

Equipment:

A computer;

Multimedia projector.

Map "Greece in the IV century BC"

Table "Types of Greek vases"

Ornament types table

Drawings of vases (black-figure style, red-figure style).

Illustrations (photos) vaz

Lesson materials:

Handouts (cards depicting scenes and types of ornament for painting a vase), silhouette blanks of ancient Greek vessels and their fragments made of cardboard and paper.

Artistic materials (colored paper, cardboard, scissors, glue, brushes, gouache, A4 paper, pencils).

Technological cards with the sequence of the vase.

Visual range:

presentation "In the city of the goddess Athena".

a video about Greek vases;

reproductions of black-figure and red-figure vases;

elements of floral and geometric ornament for painting Greek vases;

handouts for each school desk with a picture of a Greek vase.

Musical row: The melody of the Greek dance "Sirtaki", music by the Greek composer Chris Sfiris.

I. Organization of the class for work.

II. Message of the topic and purpose of the lesson:

(Sounds msong of the Greek dance "Sirtaki")

The topic of our lesson today is "Greek vase painting" (writing in a workbook). In the lesson, we will recall the material that you studied on the history of the Ancient World, about Greek culture. Let's get acquainted with the Greek vase painting, the peculiarities of its implementation and make a sketch of a vase.

III. Let us now remember the lessons of ancient history(Work on the map "Greece in the IV century BC)

Question: On which peninsula is Ancient Greece located?

Answer: Ancient Greece is located on the Balkan Peninsula.

Question: In which part of Greece is the city of Athens located?

Answer: Attica

Question: What is the city of Athens famous for?

Answer: Athens is one of the most beautiful cities in Ancient Greece known for its architecture (Parthenon, Temple of Athena Nike, sculptures (bronze statue of Athena and statue of Zeus by Phidias) (Presentation).

Today we are interested in one of the city's districts - Keramik.

Student narrates: Ceramics - an area where potters lived, where pottery workshops were located. The narrow, cobbled streets of Keramik meandered between the blank walls of houses with locked gates. There were no sidewalks. The townspeople poured out the slops and threw waste directly into the street. In the evening, because of the mud and fetid puddles, it was impossible to walk on Keramik without lighting the road with tar torches. Nevertheless, Ceramic was known far beyond the borders of Hellas: skilled potters and artists lived in monotonous tiled houses, creating magnificent painted vases.

Question: What does the word "ceramics" mean?

Answer: Products that were molded from clay and then fired.

Ceramics was the companion of the entire life of ancient people. She stood at his cradle, the first sip was taken from him. She adorned even the poorest hut. Family supplies were kept in it. She was the award to the winner of the games. Greek potters (people made vases from clay), occupying entire neighborhoods, cities, made vessels of the most diverse in shape, size and purpose.

Today we will get acquainted with only a few basic forms of Greek vases, but in fact there are more than a hundred of them. The purpose of the vase dictated its shape, which in turn determined the molding method. Almost all Attic vases were divided to contain three different liquids, the most important in the life of the Greeks - wine, water and olive oil. Most often, a glassware was required for storing wine. Let's take a look at the drawings of Greek vases.

(Table "Types of Greek vases")

The most common Greek vessel is the amphora.

Amphora- a vase with two strong vertical handles, two wooden sticks were thrust into them and carried by two people. Wine and water were poured into amphorae, grain was stored and transported in them, they could be of various sizes.

Kanfar (pic 1.) - a bowl for wine.

Oinohoya (fig. 2) - a jug for water or wine.

Crater (fig. 3) - with a wide mouth for mixing wine with water.

Hydria (fig. 4) - a jug for carrying water with three handles to lift on the head, and the third - vertical, to remove from the head.

Lekith (fig. 5) - a tall cylindrical vase with a narrow neck, a cup-shaped mouth and one handle, usually used for olive oil. The narrow neck made it possible to pour oil in a thin stream; the mouth had a sharp edge on the inside to prevent oil from dripping when pouring.

Skyphos (fig. 6) - a large bowl for wine. The Greeks drank wine, diluting it with water, drinking undiluted wine, it was considered bad form and was called "drinking in the Scythian way"

Qiaf (fig. 7) - a ladle for diluted wine.

Kiliki (fig. 8) - drinking bowls, flat, with a leg and two handles (the most common)

Pelica (fig. 9) - storage vessel.

The words "vessels", "dishes" in Latin are vases. You and I know that in Ancient Greece, vases were made from baked clay. (Writing in a workbook).

Question: Guys, what do you think is vase painting (Answers study)

Answer: Vase painting - painting of ceramic (from the Greek "keramos" - clay) vessels. (Writing in a workbook)

On ancient Greek vases, one can distinguish an ornament and a picture - a subject painting. (Table "Types of ornaments")

Question: Let's remember what is called an ornament?

Answer: Ornament is a repeating pattern.

Greek vessels are covered with ornaments. The less important parts of the vase - the leg and the neck - were decorated with ornamentation.

Was very common meander - in the form of a broken or curved line with curls. There is a legend that for a long time in Greece people saw a river bed from a high hill. It twisted and looked like a noose. This is how the famous Greek ornament arose.

The Greeks loved to portray wave - it is a water element, purification.

Ornament - palmette. It was a pattern of leaves resembling palm leaves.

Lotus bud - a symbol of life.

The main part of the vessel, its body, is occupied by a painting - a plot painting, which depicts genre and mythological scenes. From them we can get an idea of ​​how the ancient Greeks looked, about their clothes, customs - after all, the paintings on the vases depicted mythological heroes, everyday life and sports scenes. In the murals, they glorified exactly what they valued most of all, what they worshiped. And they worshiped the perfection and beauty of man. (Working with the tutorial)

Question: Look (Illustrations (photos) of vases) in shape, Greek vases are similar, and how do they differ from each other?

Consider the styles of painting vessels. It is customary to distinguish two styles of vase painting (Writing in a workbook).

black-figure -(demonstration) the background remained red, the figures were covered with black varnish, and the light lines of folds of clothes and facial features were scratched on the black image.

red-figure -(demonstration) the background was filled with black varnish, and the figures remained red, and black lines, folds of clothing and other details were applied to them.

The most beloved theme for Greek painters was the wonderful mythology of the Greeks, saturated with gods, heroes and fantastic creatures.

Medusa Gorgon is a woman on whose head snakes curled instead of hair, a chimera with the body of a lion, a goat and a dragon, a nine-headed hydra.

The most famous vases are Achilles and Ajax playing dice, Hercules fighting the Lernaean hydra, Hercules fighting a lion, etc.

The beautiful painted vases were loved by the Greeks and are known far beyond the borders of Greece. Unfortunately, time did not spare the antique vases - many of them were broken. But thanks to the painstaking work of archaeologists, some of the vases were glued together, and to this day, they delight us with their perfect shapes and the shine of black varnish. The largest collection of ancient Greek vases is in the Hermitage. (Physical minute)

IV. Practical work execution.

Exercise. - Guys, today you have the opportunity to play the role of "Greek potters and painters." Only your vases will not be made of clay, but you will cut out of paper and paint it.

Students need to cut out the shape of a vase from red or black paper (optional), stick on a sheet of colored cardboard and paint with watercolors or gouache in the style of Greek painting.

Students are given technological cards with the sequence of the vase. Safety instructions are provided when working with scissors. Reminds children how to symmetrically cut the shape of a vase.

Pupils are given illustrations with different shapes of vases.

(During the work, the music of the Greek composer Chris Sfiris is played).

V. Consolidation of new material (Reflection).

It takes place in a playful way "Fill the vase with knowledge": a drawn ancient Greek vase is hung on the board, students take turns going to the board and filling the vase with the correct answers.

Guys, what kind of decorative art did you meet in class today? (Greek vase painting)

A pattern built on the repetition and alternation of its constituent elements is called ... (Ornament)

Tradition, legend about gods, heroes is called ... (Myth)

The vases in which the wine and oil were stored are called ... (Amphora)

A large vase in which wine and water were mixed is called ... (Crater)

What does black-figure painting style mean? ? (The background remained red, the figures were covered with black varnish).

What does it mean, red-figure painting style ? (The background was filled with black varnish, and the figures remained in red).

Vi. Summing up the lesson.

Showing students' work, commenting on grades for a lesson.

Vii. Homework.

Find illustrations depicting ancient Greek vases and arrange them into an album.