Essay on the theme The main character Maxim in Shukshin's story “I Believe! “The main character Maxim in Shukshin's story“ I believe! Believe analysis

Vasily Makarovich Shukshin is a writer who came to literature with his own theme, even philosophy. His stories, small in volume, make you think about yourself, your place in life, feel the fullness of being.

In Russian literature, heroes are repeatedly depicted, torn apart by internal contradictions, as a rule, they were representatives of the upper class, intellectuals. Shukshin brings a completely different hero - a village peasant, explaining and proving that a person thinks and experiences the same thing, whether he lives in a city or in a village, plows the land or solves scientific problems. There is a difference in education, in the cultural level, but here are common human issues, the desire to get to the bottom of the truth is inherent in the curious and inquisitive, regardless of "place of residence".

In this respect, the story "I Believe!" Is interesting. Its main character, Maxim, suffers from inexplicable melancholy, searches for its origins and causes, wants to explain to himself and those around him that a “sick soul” is just as hard and scary as with any other illness. But his wife despises him for longing.
- Oh! .. Lord ... bubble: in the same place as people - melancholy, - mocked Maxim's wife, Luda, - why longing? Maxim wants to understand what hurts? He unconsciously understands that the worst thing is when there is no soul at all, but he cannot explain it, there is no education or habit of reasoning. But I want to understand what is happening in the soul? Why is it so hard? Nothing drowns out pain and melancholy: no work, no vodka ... So, maybe a priest, a clergyman, who is supposed to explain people's delusions, to console them, will help? Maxim talks to the priest: “The priest was a large sixty-year-old man, wide in the shoulders, with huge hands. I couldn’t even believe that he had something with his lungs. And the priest's eyes are clear, intelligent. And he looks intently, even impudently. Such - not to wave a censer, but to hide from alimony. He is not benevolent, not lean - it would not be him, not with such a snout, human sorrows and sorrows - living, quivering threads - to untangle. However -Maxim immediately felt it-it is interesting with the priest ... "
And it turned out that the priest believes in life, in its diversity and wisdom. The priest does not know what is behind the coffin, so he advises Maxim to experience heaven and hell on earth. Live so that later it would not be scary to “lick hot pans”. Life, says the pop, should be short, like a song, then it's not a pity to die.

It is an actual hymn to life, its eternal and relentless movement forward. And the words sound not blasphemous, but life-affirming:

Ve-ru-yu-y! ... In aviation, in mechanization, in agriculture, in the scientific revolution! Into space and weightlessness! For this is objective, oh!

If it is difficult, go ahead, try to overtake those in front, it will not work - weak at the knees, but try, do not whine, do not whine. You are a man, which means that you have been given a lot. Around a diverse and interesting life, apply your talents and strength, transform this land. She will answer you with gifts and blessings, most importantly, believe!

The story, small in volume and uncomplicated in its plot, gets a high philosophical sound.

and a story that is simple in its plot gets a high philosophical sound. Life-affirming and optimistic, he calls for great goals. But everything is not so simple, you need to carry faith in your heart, you need to have a soul capable of hurting, crying, worrying.

And the last phrase ingeniously conveys the mechanism of transformation: from desire to confidence, capable of folding tori:

Eh, I believe! I believe!

Yes N. Gogol Vasily Makarovich Shukshin is a writer who came to literature with his own theme, even philosophy. His stories, small in volume, make you think about yourself, your place in life, feel the fullness of being. In Russian literature, heroes are repeatedly depicted, torn apart by internal contradictions, as a rule, they were representatives of the upper class, intellectuals. Shukshin brings a completely different hero - a village peasant, explaining and proving that a person thinks and experiences the same thing, whether he lives in a city or in a village, plows the land or solves scientific problems. There is a difference in education, in the cultural level, but here are general human issues, the desire to get to the bottom of the truth is inherent in the curious and inquisitive, regardless of "place of residence".

In this respect, the story "I Believe!" Is interesting. Its main character, Maxim, suffers from inexplicable melancholy, searches for its origins and causes, wants to explain to himself and those around him that “a sick soul is just as hard and scary as with any other illness. But his wife despises him for longing.

Oh! .. Lord ... a bubble: to the same place as people, - melancholy, - mocked Maxim's wife, Luda, - why longing? Maxim wants to understand what hurts? He unconsciously understands that the worst thing is when there is no soul at all, but he cannot explain it, there is no education or habit of reasoning.

But I want to understand what is happening in the soul? Why is it so hard? Nothing drowns out pain and melancholy: no work, no vodka ... So, maybe a priest, a clergyman, who is supposed to explain people's delusions, to console them, will help? Maxim talks to the priest: “The priest was a large sixty-year-old man, wide in the shoulders, with huge hands.

I couldn’t even believe that he had something with his lungs. And the priest's eyes are clear, intelligent. And he looks intently, even impudently. Such - not to wave a censer, but to hide from alimony. He is not benign, not lean - it wouldn’t be him, not with such a snout, human sorrows and sorrows - living, quivering threads - to untangle.

However - Maxim immediately felt it - with the priest it is interesting ... And it turned out that the priest believes in life, in its diversity and wisdom. The priest does not know what is behind the coffin, so he advises Maxim to experience heaven and hell on earth. Live so that later it would not be scary to "lick hot pans".

Life, says the pop, should be short, like a song, then it's not a pity to die. It is an actual hymn to life, its eternal and relentless movement forward. And not blasphemous, but life-affirming the words sound: - Ve-ru-y-y! ... To aviation, to mechanization, to agriculture, to the scientific revolution! Into space and weightlessness! For this is objective, oh! If it is difficult, go ahead, try to overtake those in front, it will not work - weak in the knees, but try, do not whine, do not whine.

You are a man, which means that you have been given a lot. Around a diverse and interesting life, apply your talents and strength, transform this land. She will answer you with gifts and blessings, most importantly, believe! The story, small in volume and uncomplicated in its plot, gets a high philosophical sound.

Life-affirming and optimistic, he calls for great goals. But everything is not so simple, you need to carry faith in your heart, you need to have a soul capable of hurting, crying, worrying.

And the last phrase brilliantly conveys the mechanism of transformation: from desire to confidence, capable of collapsing the tori: - Eh, I believe! I believe!

Vasily Makarovich Shukshin is a writer who came to literature with his own theme, even philosophy. His stories, small in volume, make you think about yourself, your place in life, feel the fullness of being. In Russian literature, heroes are repeatedly depicted, torn apart by internal contradictions, as a rule, they were representatives of the upper class, intellectuals. Shukshin brings a completely different hero - a village peasant, explaining and proving that a person thinks and experiences the same thing, whether he lives in a city or in a village, plows the land or solves scientific problems. There is a difference in education, in the cultural level, but here are common human issues, the desire to get to the bottom of the truth is inherent in the curious and inquisitive, regardless of "place of residence". In this respect, the story "I Believe!" Is interesting. Its main character, Maxim, suffers from inexplicable melancholy, searches for its origins and causes, wants to explain to himself and those around him that a “sick soul” is just as hard and scary as with any other illness. But his wife despises him for longing. - Oh! .. Lord ... bubble: in the same place as people - melancholy, - mocked Maxim's wife, Luda, - why longing? Maxim wants to understand what hurts? He unconsciously understands that the worst thing is when there is no soul at all, but he cannot explain it, there is no education or habit of reasoning. But I want to understand what is happening in the soul? Why is it so hard? Nothing drowns out pain and melancholy: no work, no vodka ... So, maybe a priest, a clergyman, who is supposed to explain people's delusions, to console them, will help? Maxim talks to the priest: “The priest was a large sixty-year-old man, wide in the shoulders, with huge hands. I couldn’t even believe that he had something with his lungs. And the priest's eyes are clear, intelligent. And he looks intently, even impudently. Such - not to wave a censer, but to hide from alimony. He is not benevolent, not lean - it would not be him, not with such a snout, human sorrows and sorrows - living, quivering threads - to untangle. However - Maxim immediately felt it - with the priest it is interesting ... ”And it turned out that the priest believes in life, in its diversity and wisdom. The priest does not know what is behind the coffin, so he advises Maxim to experience heaven and hell on earth. Live so that later it would not be scary to “lick hot pans”. Life, says the pop, should be short, like a song, then it's not a pity to die. It is an actual hymn to life, its eternal and relentless movement forward. And not blasphemous, but life-affirming the words sound: * - Ve-ru-y-y! ... In aviation, in mechanization, in agriculture, in the scientific revolution! Into space and weightlessness! For this is objective, oh! If it is difficult, go ahead, try to overtake those in front, it will not work - weak in the knees, but try, do not whine, do not whine. You are a man, which means that you have been given a lot. Around a diverse and interesting life, apply your talents and strength, transform this land. She will answer you with gifts and blessings, most importantly, believe! The story, small in volume and uncomplicated in its plot, gets a high philosophical sound. Life-affirming and optimistic, he calls for great goals. But everything is not so simple, you need to carry faith in your heart, you need to have a soul capable of hurting, crying, worrying. And the last phrase brilliantly conveys the mechanism of transformation: from desire to confidence, capable of folding the tori: * - Eh, I believe! I believe! In Russian literature, the genre of village prose differs markedly from all other genres. What is the reason for this difference? One can talk about this for an extremely long time, but still not come to a final conclusion. This is because the scope of this genre may not fit within the description of rural life. This genre can also fit works that describe the relationship between the people of the city and the village, and even works in which the main character is not a villager at all, but in spirit and idea these works are nothing more than village prose. There are very few works of this type in foreign literature. There are much more of them in our country. This situation is explained not only by the peculiarities of the formation of states, regions, their national and economic specifics, but also by the nature, "portrait" of each people inhabiting a given area. In the countries of Western Europe, the peasantry played an insignificant role, and the whole people's life was in full swing in the cities. In Russia, since ancient times, the peasantry has played the most important role in history. Not in terms of the power of power (on the contrary, the peasants were the most powerless), but in spirit - the peasantry was and probably still remains the driving force of Russian history. It was from the dark, ignorant peasants that Stenka Razin, and Emelyan Pugachev, and Ivan Bolotnikov came out, it was because of the peasants, more precisely because of serfdom, that fierce struggle took place, the victims of which were tsars, poets, and part of the outstanding Russian intelligentsia of the XIX century. Due to this, works covering this topic occupy a special place in literature. Vasily Makarovich Shukshin occupies a special place in this series. His original work has attracted and will continue to attract hundreds of thousands of readers not only in our country, but also abroad. After all, it is rare to find such a master of the folk word, such a sincere admirer of his native land, such as this outstanding writer was. Vasily Makarovich Shukshin was born in 1929 in the village of Srostki, Altai Territory. And through the whole life of the future writer, the beauty and severity of those places ran like a red thread. It was thanks to his small homeland that Shukshin learned to appreciate the land, human labor on this land, learned to understand the harsh prose of rural life. From the very beginning of his creative career, he discovered new ways in the depiction of a person. His characters turned out to be unusual both in their social status and in life maturity, and in moral experience. Having become already quite a mature young man, Shukshin went to the center of Russia. In 1958 he made his film debut ("Two Fyodors"), as well as in literature ("A Story in a Cart"). In 1963, Shukshin published his first collection - "Rural residents". And in 1964 his film "There is such a guy" won the main prize at the festival in Venice. World fame comes to Shukshin. But he doesn't stop there. Years of hard and painstaking work follow. For example, in 1965 his novel "The Lyubavins" was published and at the same time the film "Such a guy lives" appeared on the screens of the country. This example alone can be used to judge with what dedication and intensity the artist worked. Or maybe it's haste, impatience? Or the desire to immediately establish oneself in literature on the most solid - "novel" - basis? This is certainly not the case. Shukshin wrote only two novels. And as Vasily Makarovich himself said, he was interested in one topic: the fate of the Russian peasantry. Shukshin managed to touch the quick, break into our souls and make us ask in shock: "What is happening to us?" Shukshin did not spare himself, he was in a hurry to have time to tell the truth, and with this truth bring people together. He was obsessed with one thought that he wanted to think out loud. And be understood! All the efforts of Shukshin, the creator, were directed towards this. He believed: “Art - so to speak, to be understood ...” From the first steps in art, Shukshin explained, argued, argued and suffered when he was not understood. He is told that the film "Such a Guy Lives" is a comedy. He is perplexed and writes an afterword to the film. A tricky question is thrown to him at a meeting with young scientists, he hangs up, and then sits down at an article ("Monologue on the stairs"). In the stories written in recent years, more and more often there is a passionate, sincere author's voice, addressed directly to the reader. Shukshin spoke about the most important, painful, exposing his artistic position. It was as if he felt that his heroes could not express everything, but it was imperative to say. More and more there are “sudden”, “fictional” stories from himself by Vasily Makarovich Shukshin. Such an open movement towards "unheard of simplicity", a kind of nakedness - in the traditions of Russian literature. Here, in fact, it is no longer art, going beyond it, when the soul screams about its pain.

Integrated lesson on the works of V.M. Shukshina

Grade 9

Extracurricular reading lesson according to the program of V.Ya. Korovina (2 hours).

Topic: "What is happening to you, people?"

According to the stories of V.M. Shukshin "Master", "Strong Man", "I Believe".

We would not forget about the soul.
We would be a little kinder to be ...
V.M. Shukshin

Goals and objectives of the lesson:

1. to analyze the stories of V. Shukshin "Master", "Strong Man", "I Believe";

1. identification of the features of a truthful depiction of life by VM Shukshin, features of the characters of Shukshin's heroes;

1. help students see Shukshin's writing skills;

1. discuss with students the relevance of the problems posed in the stories;

1. to awaken a lively response to the problems of the time;

1. comprehension of the special language of V.M. Shukshin.

Equipment (clarity):

∙ portraits of the writer,

∙ board design (theme, epigraph),

∙ computer presentation,

∙ handouts for the quiz, cards.

Texts:

∙ stories "Master", Strong Man "," I Believe ",

∙ exhibition of books by V.M. Shukshin,

∙ a selection of critical materials on the writer's work.

Preliminary homework:

Four ninth-graders are preparing the dramatization of episodes from VM Shukshin's stories "The Master" and "I Believe", selected in advance.

Course of the lesson:

Explanation. The work is accompanied by slides.

I. Expressive reading of a poemVictor Bayanov,dedicated to the memory of V.M. Shukshin.

Sloping hillock. Gol, Potrava.

Whistling riding wind.
This is how I see the outpost,
Cossack guard post.
And now a hill at the edge of the foothills,
Where the land is fabulously generous
Became a sentinel post of conscience,
Picket of Truth and Goodness.
Shukshin's height ...
Carved bread,
Forest, mowing, a spring in the moss.
Why is there a steppe, he is Russia
All in sight and heard!
The wind is fast and brisk in the underbrush.
The trail of the boot was not washed away by the dew.
He was just here. Cigarette butt
It still smokes in the damp grass.
Where is the corner of his snow,
The warmth that you cherished?
Go down, and there - to the left, -
An old-timer nods.
A path on a green pile.
There is a house in the lowlands. And he's in the house.
But you must not go down at all,
And we go up to him.

II. Teacher's word.

V. Shukshin managed to touch the quick, break into our souls and make us ask in shock: "What is happening to us?" He did not spare himself, he was in a hurry to tell the truth and to unite people with this right, bring them closer. Remained his words, exciting the soul: "We would not forget about the soul, we would be a little kinder to be, we once, it happened, we live on earth." So be more attentive to each other, kinder. With this he lived, believed in it, it was preached by V. Shukshin.

And Shukshin wrote that he knew very well what he had experienced himself. His stories, put together, are combined into an intelligent and truthful, sometimes funny, but more often deeply dramatic story about a Russian peasant, about Russia

Faith was the basis of life for a Russian person. And in Shukshin's stories, the attitude of the heroes to religion, to the church plays a primary role.

The theme of the church, the motives of spiritual revival and crisis can be traced in the stories "Master", "Strong Man" and "I Believe" (which were offered to students for reading at home)

In the stories we learn everything about a person, guess the disharmony of the soul, discord with the world, moral searches, or, on the contrary, the highest harmony with the world, people. The tense-crisis spiritual state of the hero is born at the moment of the highest harmony, merging with nature. The writer focuses the reader's attention on the moments when the soul of a person is illuminated by good and bright feelings.

III. Work with text. Analytical conversation.

The main character of the story "The Master" - Semka - a bum, drinks away all the "left" money received.

Expressive Dialogue Reading:

? Why does Semka drink?

(He himself explains this by the fact that, having drunk, he thinks better about people. The soul of the hero seeks goodness and beauty, but ineptly).

? Pay attention to the language of the hero, to the syntax of his speech. How is Shukshin's writing style manifested in this regard?

(He uses colloquial phrases, uses vivid images - "What are we to you - cars? Then go turn me on - I stalled. But come closer behind - I kick." Often in Semka's speech, the author puts dots. accumulates in his thoughts, especially when worried).

? Signs of what is hot in connection with the peculiarities of the hero's speech can be found in the text? (Shukshin skillfully uses the form of a tale, accurately reproduces spoken speech. And this creates a confidential intonation: one gets the impression that a person is speaking with the heroes of the circle).

But the attention of the hero was attracted to the Talitsky church. How? She seemed to Semka unusually beautiful - that genuine beauty, useless and inconspicuous, over which time has no power.

… “Stone, small, it suddenly opened up to the eye, right behind the slope, which the road to Talitsa bends around… For some reason, those old people did not put it on an elevation, as is customary, but put it down below, under the slope. Even from childhood, Semka remembered that if you go to Talitsa and think about it, then at the turn, near the slope, you will shudder - suddenly you will see a church, white, graceful, light, among the heavy greenery of poplars.

There was also a church in Chebrovka, but obviously of a late time, large, with a high bell tower ... it would seem - two churches, one large, on a dais, the other hiding somewhere under the slope - which should win if you compare? The little one won, under the slope. She took to everyone: what was light, and what was revealed suddenly ... She seemed to be deliberately hidden from an idle gaze, and only to those who walked to her, she appeared all at once ”.

***

Consider a few photographs depicting churches (Intercession on the Nerl, John the Baptist, etc.)

? Which of the churches seems more like Talitskaya to you?

The story itself says that it looks like the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, almost a copy of it, made in the 15th century.

? Which church do you think a true believer should go to withthe point of view of the hero V.M. Shukshin?

(True faith lives in the heart, it does not need luxurious attributes, flaunting, for those who sincerely want to become closer to God, God will appear. The "hidden" church gives the most important thing - communication with God. And this communication is not idle, but ongoing from the depths of my soul).

? And what was Semka thinking, looking at the church?

Expressive reading of the excerpt:

“Silence and peace all around. Quiet in the village. And there is a white beauty in the greenery - so many years worth it! - is silent ... To whom for joy? Its builders have long since decayed in the ground, that clever head that conceived it this way has long since become ashes, and the heart, which worried and rejoiced, has long been the earth, a handful of earth. What was that unknown master thinking about, leaving behind this bright stone fairy tale? Did he dignify God or wanted to show himself? But who wants to show himself, he does not go far, he strives closer to the big roads or even to the human city square - they will notice there. This was concerned with something else - beauty, or what? A man sang like a song, and sang well. And left. Why was it necessary? He didn't know himself. So the soul asked.

? How does this passage characterize Semka?

(Semka, like this "unknown master", does not seek to show himself. He lives as his soul asks.)

? What words from the story can be made the motto of the life of Semka Rys, and indeed any person (according to Shukshin) who lives, carrying beauty in his soul? What is their meaning?

(The words "You know how to rejoice - rejoice, you know how to please - please ..." full of beauty, Christian love for the world, she opens up to meet the world, trying to express herself in something beautiful).

? With the hero of what other work can Semka be compared? What allows us to do this?

(With Lefty Leskov. This is also a hero, in whose working, peasant body is hidden true, disinterested patriotism, love for the Motherland, faith in man, innate skill, knowledge of his business, naivety, efforts to break through to the heart of the government).

IV. Student message:

Old Russian architecture has a sacred meaning.

The most ancient of the known features of Christian Russian architecture is the multi-domed temples. Russian churches are crowned with small, slightly elongated domes, set on a pedestal - "neck".

The top of the temple "is the Head, representatively depicting the primacy of the Lord over Christian society."

But there is another symbolism: "our" onion "embodies the idea of ​​deep prayer burning to heaven, through which our earthly world becomes a part of the otherworldly wealth." The Russian chapter with the "tongue" pointed upwards befits a flame over a lamp. The head takes on the shape of an "onion" - a symbol of a burning candle.

*****

Teacher's word.

The ancient Russian architect does not fight with nature, he sculpts something very man-made from natural material. That is why the unevenness of the walls, there is no symmetry of windows, regular arches, straight lines. The architect works by eye.

? Who is an "architect"? How did this word come about?

To create, an architect, a building are words of the same root. It turns out that “zod” is clay, so initially the potter (potter) or builder was called “zdar”, “architect”, “builder”, since they worked with this material.

V. Implementation of individual tasks suggested by the teacher on the cards:

1. From the story "Strong man" write out the linguistic phraseological units transformed by the author. Determine their meaning.

(Answer: pocket does not rub stock - pocket does not hold stock,

A stupid thing is not tricky - a bad thing is not tricky,

Press the tail down - pinch the tail).

2. Think of the meaning of the names, justify your choice.

A) Shooting Lynx

Igor Alexandrovich

B) Maxim

Vaska Dukhanin

C) Nikolay Shurygin

Mikhailo Belyakov

How does a character change affect a character?

(Semyon - “hears God”, has to do with the beginning of everything: from the “seed”.

Igor is "belligerent", Alexander is "defender", that is militant protector.

Maxim is the "greatest".

Vasily - "royal, royal".

Nicholas is “the winner people”.

Mikhailo - "who is like God."

The transformation of the name leads to the fact that its meaning changes, and the role that the character performs in connection with the name changes).

3. Make up a number of antonyms, antonymic phrases, antonymic phraseological units, characterizing, on the one hand, Semyon Rys, and on the other, Nikolai Shurygin.

4. What unites the stories “The Master”, “The Strong Man” and “I Believe”? Pay attention when answering the topic, idea, images of stories.

(Subject-thematic connection: man and church, man and faith, man and soul. Ideological connection: the influence of the church, God, faith on the soul and life of man. Figurative: the image of the church. In The Master and The Strong Man, the dispute flares up around church of the 17th century. At the beginning of the "Masters" Semka "cheerfully barks with the foreman" - it was the collective farm foreman who became the hero of the "Strong Man." restore, and Shurygin, stepping over common feelings, destroyed the symbol of national spirituality. The story "I Believe" shows the experiences, searches of a person who found himself without faith, without a church in his heart).

During the break, we invite those who wish to take part in the quiz based on the works of V.M. Shukshin.

(see Attachment)

Vi. Frontal conversation.

? What phraseological unit is repeatedly found in the story "I Believe"? What is its meaning? Why does the writer use this technique?

(The soul hurts. The hero is gnawing at an incomprehensible painful feeling, this is melancholy. This can be said about the state of a person left without faith. The soul yearns, demanding that a person turn to God and thereby find a correct platform for himself).

? Read an excerpt from the "Master" story:

“- You have golden hands! You could know how to live! You would skate like cheese in butter, if you didn't drink something!

I don’t want it like cheese in butter. Slimy. "

Which of the signs of phraseological units formed the basis of this dialogue? Why exactly the word "slimy" is used by the hero of the story?

(The derivation of meaning, metaphoricality. This is a phraseological unity, which is built on the rethinking of reality. The word "slimy" is evaluative, there is an emotional assessment, a negative connotation).

? What are the reasons for the action of Brigadier Shurygin?

(The desire to commit an act that will be remembered by the people. There is a parallel with Herostratus, who destroyed the temple of Artemis in Ephesus).

? What are the similarities between the heroes of the three works under consideration?

(They are lonely, but everyone comes to this loneliness in their own way and everyone experiences this loneliness in a special way).

? Why was the crunching of logs heard during the demolition of the church, despite the fact that three tractors were roaring?

Why is Shukshin exactly the word bowed describing the last moments of the church? What are the meanings of this word?

(Bow - 1) make a bow, greet at the meeting. 2) give as a gift. 3) make a request, humbly ask for something).

Vii. A peculiar development of the theme of faith, to which VM Shukshin addressed in the stories “The Master”, “The Strong Man”, we see in the work “I Believe”.

We will offer you a prepared dramatization of an excerpt from the story "I Believe".

"- Pray! - Pop stood up. - Repeat after me ...

Fuck you! ..

Pop easily lifted Maxim by the scruff with one hand and put it next to him.

Repeat after me: I believe!

I believe! - said Maxim.

Louder! Solemnly: I believe! Together: ve-ru-y-y!

To aviation, to the mechanization of agriculture, to the scientific revolution! Into space and weightlessness! For this is objective, oh! Together! Follow me!..

Together they shouted:

Ve-ru-y-y!

I believe that soon everyone will gather in the big smelly cities! I believe that they will suffocate there and run again into the open field! .. I believe!

I believe!

When Ilyukha Lapshin tore his eyes, he saw: the hulking priest was powerfully throwing his mighty body across the room, rushing to squat down and shouting, and slapping himself on the sides and on the chest:

Oh, I believe, I believe!

There-dy, there-dy, there-dy - one!

I believe, I believe!

M-pa, m-pa, m-pa - two!

I believe, I believe! ..

And around the priest, akimbo, Maxim Yarikov worked finely and loudly echoed in a woman's voice:

Oo-cha, oo-cha, oo-cha - three!

I believe, I believe!

E-cha, e-cha - all four!

Follow me! - exclaimed the priest.

I believe! I believe!

Maxim was attached to the back of his head to the priest, they, dancing, silently made a circle around the hut, then the priest again threw himself into a squatting position, as if into an ice hole, opened his arms ... The floorboards were bent.

Oh, I believe, I believe!

You-na, you-na, you-na - five!

All the shafts are off!

I believe! I believe!

And where there are six, there is wool!

I believe! I believe! "

? Why do you think we included this scene?

(Maxim is yearning. In order to somehow alleviate this melancholy, he goes to the priest. But instead of prayers and sermons, the priest (the symbol of the church as a union) offers a drink and arranges a reckless dance. The song that accompanies the dance is always something that comes from The moments of conciliarity, the unity of people with each other are clearly traced in this dance.

Conclusion: Shukshin's problem of faith is very significant. Faith as a cathedral of the soul runs through many of his works. Vasily Makarovich is trying, first of all, to capture and depict the outburst of a disturbed soul, the "dance of melancholy".

VIII. Closing remarks from the teacher:

VM Shukshin liked to compare life with a song. About a man he says: "He lived as he sang a song." And he clarified: "I sang it excellently" or vice versa: "I sang badly."

One can say about Shukshin himself: he did not finish his song to the end, it broke off when it captured millions of listeners ...

Homework:The story "Tough Man" has an open ending. This allows you to think out the further development of the image of Nikolai Shurygin. Write the continuation of the story in the manner of V.M. Shukshin.

Application

Quiz.

1. What does the word mean half

“Most of all, in my native hut, I loved polati. Not even a stove (although I also loved the stove very much), but a bed ... "(A word about "small homeland")

(Answer: Polati - flooring made of boards for sleeping, arranged in a hut under the ceiling between the stove and the wall opposite to it).

1. How can the word be interpreted common man used in the following text?

“How necessary they are, powerful, wise, kind, concerned about the fate of the people - Pushkin, Tolstoy, Gogol, Dostoevsky, Chekhov. One has only to forget them, the man in the street is right there ... It will still be "that" art "(Monologue on the stairs)

(Answer: An inhabitant is a person devoid of public outlook, with inert, philistine views, living with petty, personal interests).

1. To what category of obsolete words (archaisms, historicisms) do the words highlighted in the text belong?

“It is not the fault of these words that they are used too often, sometimes in vain, in vain. " (I envy you)

(Answer: archaism, has a synonym in vain)

“... this is a former church, which was built at the beginning of the century by some crazy merchant ... ". (Questions to yourself)

(Answer: historicism, has no synonym).

1. What words in the following texts can be classified as vernacular? Determine their meaning.

“Unfortunately, we are not always so resourceful in the answers that later the soul does not ache: here he did not say so, he froze there”.(Questions to yourself)

(Answer: Freeze is simple. Say something stupid, ridiculous, absurd).

“I could not help but rejoice when everyone in the hall was glad that the person in a difficult moment for himself did not lie, did not speak at the expense of another”.(Questions to yourself)

(Answer: Saving is simple. To be able to achieve smth. By acting dexterously, in a not entirely noble way).

“Let him take his soul away - cut patterns on the cornice, paint shutters, plant a birch tree under the window,“ attach ”something to the roof that everyone will gasp. And he will be pleased. "(Monologue on the stairs)

(Answer: Attach - rude. Simple. Attach, attach smth. To smth.).

1. Are there book phraseological units in the following texts (in terms of stylistic coloring)?

"... the merchant whipped up the church, tyap-blooper."(Questions to yourself)

"Maybe, without further ado, take and tell about yourself ..."

"It is well said: the elbow is near, but you will not bite." "We are racking our brains, what kind of an intelligent person is he?" "Why are you breaking into an open door!"(Monologue on the stairs)

(Answer: without further ado)

1. Characters of what professions and positions are found in the works of V.M. Shukshin?

Place of work, position: - teacher of Russian language and literature, 1 quarter. category MOU-SOSH No. 2, settlement Stepnoe

Region: - Saratov region

Characteristics of the lesson (occupation) Level of education: - secondary (complete) general education

Target audience: - Pupil (student)
Target audience: - Teacher (teacher)

Class (s): - 10th grade
Class (s): - Grade 11

Subject (s): - Literature

The purpose of the lesson: -  to develop research skills and the ability to understand the author's intention;  to form the ability to identify the artistic features of the work;  to summarize what was learned about the stories of V.M. Shukshin;  moral education of the personality of students: to foster a sense of attentive attitude, respect for the common person.

Lesson type: - Combined lesson

Students in the class (audience): - 25

Equipment used: -

computer, projector

Used CRCs: -

presentation

Short description: - 1. Introductory speech of the teacher. 2. Features of the stories of V.M. Shukshin. 3. Conversation with elements of analysis based on the story of VM Shukshin "I Believe". 4. Summing up. Generalization of the studied about the stories of V.M. Shukshin. 5. Homework.

1. Introductory speech of the teacher about the personality and work of V. M. Shukshin

(Appendix 1 Slides 1, 2)

If Vasily Shukshin were only an actor, or a director, or a screenwriter and playwright, or, finally, only a prose writer, he would already be spoken of as an outstanding talent. But he showed exceptional talent in all these areas of creativity. The writer has repeatedly spoken out about what influenced the formation of his personality.

He was born in the village of Srostki, Biysk District, Altai Territory, into a peasant family.

“I'm not trying here ... to paint a picture of an ideal life for some reason, no, it, of course, was far from ideal, but the mainstream of life has always remained - true, justice. And even a very developed sense of truth and justice ... ”.

In January 1974, shortly before his death, in one of the conversations Shukshin said: “Let it not seem strange, but in my life a lot was determined by the war. Why war? After all, I did not fight. Yes, I didn’t fight. But in those years I was already at such an age to consciously understand a lot and remember a lot for the rest of my life. I remember how the people rose in a single impulse to defend their Motherland, how their best and strong sides were revealed in this impulse. And hence - in any case, in my first literary and cinematic experiments - endless gratitude to a man from the people, admiration for him. "

As an artist, Shukshin took shape in the 50s, he was shaped by the post-war reality. Shukshin was 25 years old when he entered the All-Union State Institute of Cinematography. As a student, Shukshin began acting in films, after graduating from the institute he made films according to his own scripts.

Along with the filming, there was always intense work on prose. Shukshin's favorite genre is a short story of 6-10 pages. In 1958, Shukshin's first story was published in the Smena magazine, and in 1963 his first prose collection, Rural Residents, was published.

In total, Shukshin wrote 125 stories in his life. His characters are taken from life, they have a lot of different things: good and bad, evil and kind, funny and sad. It is impossible to retell these stories - the main thing disappears: intense psychologism. We laugh, reading many of Shukshin's stories, and when we finish reading, reflecting on what we have read, we no longer know whether to have fun or grieve ... These stories must be read and re-read, think about them, comprehending the hidden lessons of morality and kindness.

(slide 3)

2. Features of Shukshin's stories.

So, in just his life, Shukshin wrote 125 stories.

Creating them, V. Shukshin was guided by oral folk art. He noted that "empty self-indulgence", "mannerism", "cold play of the mind" are alien to folk art.

This is where a simple and accessible form of storytelling emerged. They told them so that the listeners would definitely understand everything. "

In his article "Morality is Truth," he writes: "I know when I write well: when I write and as if I were carving living voices of people out of paper with a pen."

In the same article we read: “Here are the stories as they should be:

1. Story-destiny. 2. Storytelling character. 3. Confession story. The smallest thing that may be is a story-anecdote. No, literature is still the life of the human soul, not ideas, not considerations of even the highest moral order. "

The Shukshin word is rich in intonation, it is perceived by us as if voiced, it accurately reproduces the change in the psychological states of the characters, expressing the character, the entire spiritual structure of the characters.

(slide 4.5)

3. Conversation on the story "I Believe".

V. Shukshin's works have been repeatedly republished as part of various collections.

(slide 6)

At home, you met independently with V. Shukshin's story "I Believe".

(slide 7)

To what type of story, according to Shukshin's classification, would you refer this work? Why?

What is the originality of the composition of this work?

What can you say about the hero of the story? Is it common in the work of a writer?

How does the hero of the story suffer? (Its main character Maxim suffers from inexplicable melancholy, searches for its origins and causes, wants to explain to himself and those around him that a “sick soul” is just as hard and scary as with any other disease.)

Remember Shukshin's passionate appeal "We would not forget about the soul!"?

And what is the soul? How do you understand the meaning of this word?

How do the words about a sick soul from the lips of the hero of the story, Maxim, sound?

What truth does the pop reveal to Maxim?

(Live so that later it’s not scary to “lick hot pans.” Life, says the pop, should be short, like a song, then you don’t mind dying. but try, do not whine, do not whine. You are a man, which means you have been given a lot. Around a diverse and interesting life, apply your talents and strength, transform this land. She will answer you with gifts and benefits, most importantly, believe!).

The story, small in volume and uncomplicated in its plot, gets a high philosophical sound.

What is the lexical structure of the story?

How are the features of V. Shukshin's creative manner revealed in this story?

Watch an excerpt from the documentary and get ready to answer the question after watching:

(View a fragment from t \ f. Vop. 6 slide 7)

4. Summing up.

Let's sum up the work on the stories of V.M. Shukshin, summarize everything that was said about them in the lesson.

What features of the stories of V.M. Shukshin can you name?

(Students take short notes in notebooks. Possible auxiliary questions leading to a directed answer:

Where did the writer find heroes for his works?

Shukshin's heroes are from the "Shukshin life" that the writer himself lived.

What interested him the most in a person?

In simple, an ordinary hero "in tarpaulin boots", about whom many wrote, Shukshin is interested in what everyone passed by - the soul.

What do the heroes of his works look like?

The hero in everyday life often looks like a strange person, out of this world.

How do many stories begin?

Shukshin, as a rule, avoids long introductions and introductions.

What situation is repeated in many stories (including in the story "I Believe")?

In V. Shukshin's stories about strange people "there is essentially one plot situation: the hero with maniacal methodology and passion is looking for a" confessor "for confession, repentance," for conversation. "

Do we have a common opinion about the stories and their heroes?

A distinctive feature of Shukshin's most significant stories is the possibility of their ambiguous readings, which is what promises them a long life in art.

Why are many of Shukshin's stories filmed?

Shukshin's stories are dramatic, most of them are dominated by dialogue, scenic episodes over descriptive ones.

The plot in Shukshin's stories is stage episodes chronologically replacing each other.

What character trait unites Shukshin's heroes?

Shukshin's heroes have a feature that makes them part of the individual artistic world of the writer - the absence of spiritual inertia, indifference. These ordinary people are not concerned with material goods, but with their inner world, they think, seek, try to understand the meaning of their existence, their feelings, to defend themselves.)

According to V. Rasputin, before V. Shukshin “no one else in our literature had so impatiently claimed the right to themselves, no one was able to force themselves to listen to themselves on such an internal matter. In the case of a struggling soul... The soul is, presumably, the essence of the personality, the continuing life in it of an irreplaceable, historical person, not broken by temporary adversity. ")

5. Evaluation of the students who worked in the lesson.

Homework: Answer the question in writing:

"What is the meaning of the spiritual searches of the heroes of Vasily Shukshin?"

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