Drawing up general and individual training plans for track and field athletes. An athlete’s individual plan as an aid when preparing for competitions

Introduction

Chapter 1. The essence and purpose of planning, its types

1 General provisions of planning technology in sports

1.2 Long-term (long-term) training planning

3 Annual plan, its content and methods of preparation

1.4 Monthly (mesocycle) and weekly (microcycle) planning

Chapter 2. Control in the training of athletes

1 Meaning and types of control

2 Basic forms and organization of control

3 Accounting during sports training of athletes

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

Planning, control and accounting - constituent elements management of athletes' training. When involving athletes in developing plans and analyzing the work done over a certain period of time, one must keep in mind that the effectiveness of such cooperation largely depends on how much those involved understand the meaning of planning and accounting, its content and technology.

Planning technology the process of sports training is a set of methodological and organizational-methodological settings that determine specific tasks for a specific period of time, selection, arrangement and procedure for using the most appropriate means, methods, organizational forms, logistical support for classes, as well as the preparation of specific training documentation. It determines the strategy, tactics and technique of organizing the process of sports training.

Planning and control are inseparable from each other. Control is aimed at collecting, evaluating and analyzing the necessary information about the actual progress of the training process and the athlete’s condition. It covers all aspects of the preparation process and allows you to manage it in a targeted manner.

The relevance of the research topic within the discipline “Theory and Methods of Physical Education” lies in the fact that planning and control play an important role in the process of preparing athletes for high sports results.

The purpose of the work is to study the features of planning and control in the athlete’s training system. In accordance with the goal, the main objectives of the study were determined:

determine the essence and purpose of planning, and its types;

Study the general provisions of planning technology in sports;

To study control in the training of athletes.

The object of study is sports training.

The subject of the study is planning and control in the athlete’s training system.

In the process of solving the research problems, the following methods were used: bibliographic search, theoretical analysis methodological literature on the research problem. When performing the work, we used literary sources the following authors: L.P. Matveeva, Kholodova Zh.K., Kuznetsova V.S., B.A. Ashmarina, Maksimenko A.M., Yu.F. Kuramshin and others.

planning sports training control

Chapter 1 The essence and purpose of planning, its types

.1 General provisions of planning technology in sports

Planning means, first of all, the process of developing a system of plans designed for various periods of time, within the framework of which a set of interrelated goals, objectives and the content of sports training must be implemented. The subject of planning in the process of training athletes is the goals, objectives, means and methods of training, the magnitude of training and competitive loads, internal changes in the body of athletes under the influence of loads (training effect), the number of training sessions and days of rest, systems of rehabilitation measures, control standards , educational activities, training conditions, etc. The subject of planning the training and competitive process is its content, forms and results, planned on the basis of objective patterns of development of sports achievements and the targeted formation of the athlete’s personality. Goals and objectives are determined for various periods of the training process. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the load for the previous year (or years), the magnitude of the training load, its volume and intensity are established. Means, methods, control standards and other indicators are determined.

The main task when developing a training plan is to, taking into account the level of preparedness of the athlete, his age, sports qualifications, experience in the chosen sport, the calendar of sports competitions, the characteristics of the sport, the conditions of the educational and training process, to determine the indicators of the simulated state of the athlete in the planned period of time, outline the optimal training program.

Planning for different stages long-term sports training is carried out in the following forms: 1) long-term (for a number of years); 2) current (for one year); 3) operational (for a month, a week, a separate training session).

To long-term planning documents include a curriculum, training program, multi-year team training plan, multi-year individual training plan for athletes.

The curriculum determines the main direction and duration of educational work for a particular contingent of students. It provides for the sequence of passing the material, the content of the main sections, the amount of hours for each section, and the duration of each lesson. Typically, the curriculum is divided into two main sections: theoretical and practical.

As an example, Table 1 presents the curriculum for the volleyball training groups of the Youth Sports School.

The curriculum is compiled on the basis of the curriculum and determines the amount of knowledge, skills and abilities that must be mastered by students.

This document reveals the most appropriate forms and methods of pedagogical work, gives the main content educational material on theory and practice for a certain contingent of students (children's sports school, sports school, sports school, sections of physical culture groups, etc.).

The program, as a rule, consists of the following sections: 1) an explanatory note; 2) presentation of program material; 3) control standards and educational requirements; 4) recommended teaching aids.

Multi-year (long-term) plan for training athletes (team and individual). It is compiled for various periods depending on the age, level of preparedness of the athletes, and their sports experience. For athletes younger age It is advisable to draw up group long-term plans for 2-3 years. For qualified athletes, it is necessary to develop both group and individual plans for 4 and even 8 years.

Table 1

Curriculum for the sports specialization “Volleyball” for training groups of the Youth Sports School

Types of training 1st year of study (12-14 years old) 2nd year of study (13-15 years old) 3rd year of study (14-16 years old) 4th year of study (15-17 years old)1. Theoretical training263438462. General physical training102125122903. Special physical training951141341444. Technical training1161461802375. Tactical training67821321696. Integral preparation, including test games79831261917. Instructor and referee practice111624208. Examinations, control tests (admission and transfer)24242430Total hours520624780936Number of training days184226216210Number of classes208260260364Number of competition days24344450

The long-term plan should include only the main indicators (without excessive detail), based on which it would be possible to correctly draw up annual plans.

The main content of the long-term training plan for an athlete or team includes the following sections: 1) brief description of those involved (athlete, team); 2) the goal of long-term training, the main tasks by year; 3) the structure of the long-term cycle and the timing of its macrocycles; 4) the main focus of the training process by year of the multi-year cycle; 5) main competitions and main starts of the individual calendar, planned results in each year; 6) control sports and technical indicators (standards) by year; 7) the total number of training days, classes, competition days and rest by year of training; 8) general and specific parameters of the training load; 9) system and timing of comprehensive control, including medical examination; 10) schedule of training camps and training locations.

To current planning documents include a schedule for the annual cycle of sports training, a team training plan for the year and an annual (individual) training plan for each athlete.

The schedule of the annual cycle of sports training is an organizational and methodological document that determines the content of work for the educational and training year, as well as the most appropriate methodological sequence of passing the material by periods and months throughout the annual training cycle, the number of hours for each section of work and the distribution of time costs to go through the material of the sections week by week throughout the year.

One-year training plan (team and individual). It consists of the following sections: a brief description of the group of participants, the main tasks and means of training, their approximate distribution according to the allotted time, the approximate distribution of training loads by volume and intensity, the distribution of competitions, training sessions and rest, control standards, sports and technical indicators (sports results), pedagogical and medical control.

Operational planning includes a work plan, a training lesson outline, and a preparation plan for individual competitions.

The work plan determines the specific content of classes for a specific educational and training cycle or calendar period (for example, a month). This document plans a methodology for training and sports improvement in accordance with the requirements of the program and schedule of the annual cycle of sports training. It presents the theoretical and practical material of each training session in a methodological sequence.

The outline of the training session is drawn up on the basis of the work plan. This document defines in detail the tasks, content and means of each part of the lesson, the dosage of exercises and organizational and methodological instructions.

The preparation plan for individual competitions (team and individual) should model the program of the upcoming competitions (alternating loads and rest) and include means to achieve maximum performance (for a given training period) and create a sense of absolute confidence in one’s abilities. All training plans, regardless of their type (team and individual annual and operational, etc.) must include:

1. data about those for whom the plan is designed (personal data about the athlete or general characteristics of the team);
2. targets (main goals of the period for which the plan is being drawn up; intermediate goals for individual stages; private goals related to various types of training);
3. indicators that can be quantified and
   characterizing training and competitive loads and the condition of athletes;
4. training and educational guidelines;
5. competition dates, control testing, sports and medical examinations.

By periodically comparing the actual changes in controlled indicators with the planned ones, it is possible to promptly detect deviations in the use of training means and methods. At the same time, it is possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the means and methods used by analyzing their effect on the athlete’s body.

The scientific and methodological prerequisites for planning training in each sport should be the following knowledge:

a) for long-term and annual macrocycles - individual characteristics of the development of the sports form of an individual athlete, and in team sports - the team as a whole; specific features of long-term adaptation of the body to this type of muscle activity;

6)for a separate stage (mesocycle) - fundamental trends in the dynamics of the athlete’s condition in connection with the given training load, including depending on its content, volume, intensity and alternation; .

c) for a microcycle - appropriate forms of combining short-term training effects of loads of various sizes and primary directions (the timing and completeness of restoration of the body’s special performance, depending on the volume, intensity and direction of the given loads).

1.2 Long-term (long-term) training planning

A multi-year training plan for athletes is drawn up for 2, 3 years or more, depending on their age, preparedness, sports experience, training cycle and other factors. The initial data and assessment of its effectiveness for drawing up a multi-year plan are: the duration of training to achieve the best results and the rate of their growth from category to category, the optimal age for achieving high sports results, the individual characteristics of athletes, logistics of training places and other factors.

The question of the duration of preparation necessary to achieve the highest result in a particular sport has great importance for multi-year planning.

The average duration of achieving the best results in various sports for women is 4.3, and for men - 4.8 years of special training. These deadlines depend on the sport. Thus, in gymnastics, it takes women 6.1 years to achieve the master of sports standard, and in volleyball - 3.5 years.

Therefore, when drawing up a multi-year plan for each athlete, it is possible to approximately establish approximate quantity years required to achieve high results.

However, in last years As a result of improving training methods, medical supervision, improving the social and living conditions of the athlete, logistics of training places and other factors, there is a tendency to reduce the training time for athletes.

An important indicator when developing multi-year plans is also the magnitude of the increase in sports results over time - from youth categories to international master of sports.

In various sports, the growth rate of sports results from category to category is relatively stable. On average, it takes 1-2 years of study to move from one category to another, regardless of the time the specialization began.

In order to correctly build a multi-year plan, you need to know which age period is most favorable for achieving the highest results. The main criterion in this case is the age of their achievement.

Currently, in the long-term dynamics of sports results, three age zones are distinguished: 1) the zone of the first great success; 2) zone of optimal opportunities; 3) zone of maintaining high results.

In various sports, the age boundaries of sports performance zones for men and women are not the same. So, for men in swimming, figure skating, ski jumping, the first zone is within the range of 14-17 years, and in the 10,000 m running and decathlon - 23-25 ​​years. These differences are associated with the specific features of these sports. For long-term planning of athletes' achievements, the first zone is of greatest interest. In most cases, the following achievements depend on the increase in results in this zone. Therefore, multi-year planning should be aimed at ensuring that athletes achieve the results of a master of sports already within the first zone. Contents of the long-term plan, guidelines for its preparation. Long-term plans are drawn up both for a group of athletes and for one athlete. In the first case, a general plan is developed, in the second, an individual plan. General long-term plans should contain only individual starting data, based on which annual planning could be carried out correctly.

A general long-term training plan usually consists of the following sections:

1. Brief description of a group of athletes or team.
2. The purpose and main objectives of long-term training.
3. Main competitions at each stage.
4. The main focus of the training process in stages.
5. Sports and technical indicators by stages.
6. 
   preparedness of athletes.

9. Changes in team composition (in sports games).

10 Pedagogical and medical supervision

Places of classes, equipment and inventory.

A brief description of a group of athletes or a team includes: information about age, health, qualifications, level physical development and preparedness, the main shortcomings in it. It also indicates what materials and documents served as the basis for drawing up the plan.

The success of planning is associated, first of all, with a sufficiently justified choice of the goal of long-term training, depending on the age, preparedness of the athletes, etc. Based on the final goal, it is determined the main task. Next, the coach needs to determine the stages of preparation, their duration, as well as the main competitions at each stage. The number of stages, their duration and content in the process of long-term training largely depend on the type of sport and the age of the athletes.

A general long-term plan in each specific case should be drawn up on the basis of the stages adopted in this sport. It is important to establish the main focus of the training process at each stage: goal and objectives, basic means for sections of training, their specific weight. With the exception of sports games, there is no need to detail the relationships between the various aspects of preparation. You can plan sports and technical results using one or several indicators, depending on the type of sport. The specifics of a particular sport largely determine the content of individual sections of the long-term plan. For example, in sports where results are not measured by objective values, the dynamics of athletes’ sporting achievements should be reflected by a number of benchmark indicators. So, in acyclic sports (martial arts, sports games) this is: 1) volume of movement technique; 2) versatility; 3) efficiency; 4) level of development of physical abilities; 5) state of development of mental functions; 6) places taken in certain competitions, etc. .

An individual long-term plan, as a rule, includes the following sections:

1. Brief description of the athlete.
2. The purpose and main objectives of long-term training.
3. Stages of preparation and their duration.
4. Main competitions at each stage.
5. The main focus of the training process by stages (main tasks and their significance).
6. Distribution of activities, competitions and rest at each stage.
7. Sports and technical indicators by year.
8. Control standards characterizing various aspects
   athlete's preparedness.
9. Basic training tools and their distribution by stages.
10. Approximate volume and intensity of training loads by stages.
11. Pedagogical and medical supervision.

Based on the brief characteristics of the athlete, as well as the goals of long-term training and its main tasks, they establish sports and technical indicators by year and plan fixed assets, the volume and intensity of the load, and the number of competitions. Those aspects of preparedness (physical, technical, tactical, etc.) are determined on the improvement of which it is advisable to focus the main attention in order to ensure the achievement of planned indicators.

The long-term plan should include the stages of preparation, their duration, as well as the main competitions at each stage. Their number and duration depend on the structure of long-term training in a given sport, the calendar of sports events and other reasons.

When planning sports and technical indicators, one should proceed from both the average growth rate of results in a given sport, and from the individual characteristics of the athlete, as well as the conditions of the training process. In an individual plan, the main means should be determined taking into account the characteristics of a given athlete and the need to improve the weaknesses of his preparedness. An essential point in long-term planning of training for athletes is the determination of the size, nature and dynamics of training loads. It should be borne in mind that the increase in sports results in young athletes depends not only on training influences, but also on their natural growth. Conventionally, it can be written in the form of the following expression: natural growth + training = sports result. It is possible that the training load can be neutral or restrain the growth of the body, but at the same time contribute to the growth of athletic performance. Other cases are also possible. For example, training influences can actively contribute to the natural growth of the body and have a very slight effect on the growth of athletic performance.

Thus, when planning a training load during long-term training, one must proceed, first of all, from the need to increase its volume, especially for younger and middle-aged athletes.

1.3 Annual plan, its content and methods of preparation

The contents of the multi-year plan are disclosed in more detail in the annual plan. The annual plan usually includes the following sections: brief description athlete; goal and main objectives for the year; calendar of main competitions and their tasks; cyclical training and tasks of the period; sports and technical indicators, control standards; distribution of basic and additional funds in each month, the volume and intensity of the training load; pedagogical and medical supervision, etc.

Work on the annual plan begins with compiling characteristics of training in the previous year, including the characteristics of the athlete, the dynamics of training, sports form, and training loads.

The plan includes: a detailed calendar of all competitions of the year with a clear gradation of each of them (main, qualifying, secondary, training, etc.), with specific tasks, for example, for the main and qualifying competitions - to show a certain result; for minors - try it out new option tactics, practice a new element of technology.

The next stage in working on the annual plan is determining the cyclicity of training in accordance with the dynamics of sports form required in the coming year.

Depending on the competition calendar, qualifications, experience, type of sport, individual characteristics, and the ability to maintain a state of sports form for a more or less long time, a one-cycle or two-cycle structure of annual training can be used.

Having established the cyclical nature of training, it is necessary to determine the content of the training process by type of training (physical, technical, tactical, etc.). Having determined the objectives of training by cycles and periods of the year, as well as the main means and methods of their implementation, we can move on to the key issue of planning - determining the size and nature of training loads.

The annual plan can be presented in the form of a schedule, or in the form of a table, or in the form of a table-graph.

Thus, the variety of forms of planning documentation used in practice gives the coach a wide choice in accordance with the specifics of the sport.

.4 Monthly (mesocycle) and weekly (microcycle) planning

Based on the annual plan, you can create a training plan for shorter periods of the training process - a stage, a month (mesocycle), a week (microcycle), a training day and a separate lesson. Each of these plans provides clear detail of what was planned in the plan that came before it. As a rule, the larger the planning time scale, the lesser degree plan details. And, conversely, the shorter and closer the planned fragment of the training process, the more likely it is that it can be designed in detail. In sports practice, training planning for a month (mesocycle) or a week (microcycle) has become widespread. When planning training in meso- and microcycles, you must first of all take into account:

1. Its primary focus (on developing endurance,
   strength, speed or coordination abilities; for technical training or for complex solution of several problems).
2. The nature of the training means and methods used.
3. Patterns of transfer of motor skills and physical abilities (training transfer) when determining the content of classes in each microcycle and series of microcycles.
4. Parameters of volume and intensity of training loads, their
   ratio and change during training.
5. The order of alternating loads of different directions and leads
   ranks, both within a separate training day, microcycle, and
   mesocycle.
6. Control exercises or indicators indicating
   correct development of sports form, etc.

Chapter 2. Control in the training of athletes

.1 Meaning and types of control

Control is aimed at collecting, evaluating and analyzing the necessary information about the actual progress of the training process and the athlete’s condition. It covers all aspects of the preparation process and allows you to manage it in a targeted manner.

Planning and control are inseparable from each other. In order to obtain reliable and reliable information in sports practice, various control methods are used: collecting the opinions of athletes and coaches; analysis working documentation training process; pedagogical observations during training and competitions, determination and registration of indicators characterizing the activities of athletes during training sessions (timing, pulsometry, dynamometry, video recording, etc.); tests (control tests) of various aspects of athletes' preparedness, medical and biological measurements, etc. Control in the training of athletes should include, first of all, the assessment of training and competitive loads, since they are the main factor influencing the development of sports performance; the condition of athletes, their preparedness (physical, technical, etc.), sports results of athletes and their behavior in competitions.

Control over training and competitive loads. Speaking about the training load, it should be borne in mind that this concept is understood as the functional incremental activity of the body (relative to the level of rest or another initial level) introduced by performing training exercises, and the degree of difficulties overcome in this case (L.P. Matveev).

Load control involves assessing the following characteristics (M.A. Godik): 1) specialized load, i.e. a measure of the similarity of a given training tool with a competitive exercise and, on the basis of this, the distribution of all means into specialized and non-specialized, determining their ratio for a certain period of time (year, period, stage, month, week and one lesson); 2) coordination complexity of the load. To do this, it is necessary to identify the characteristics on the basis of which all training means will be divided into simple and complex. Such signs include the speed and amplitude of movements, the presence or absence of active confrontation, lack of time, sudden change in the situation, etc.; 3) the direction of the load, based on the predominant impact of the exercise used and its components on the development of a particular quality or functional system of the body. Based on their focus, the following groups of loads are distinguished (N.I. Volkov): anaerobic alactic (speed-strength), anaerobic, glycolytic (speed) endurance, aerobic-anaerobic (all types of physical abilities), aerobic (general endurance), anabolic (strength and strength endurance); 4) the magnitude of the load, namely: determination of absolute or relative indicators of the volume and intensity of the external (physical) or internal (physiological) side of the load. In some cases, combined load indicators, which are defined as the product (or ratio) of physical and physiological load parameters, turn out to be informative. Naturally, the indicators used to control loads will vary depending on the sport.

Control over physical fitness involves measuring the level of development of strength, speed, endurance, flexibility, agility and related abilities. The main control method in this case is the method of control exercises (tests). When choosing tests, the following conditions must be met: determine the purpose of testing; ensure standardization of measurement procedures; use tests with high values ​​of reliability and information content; use tests and techniques, the execution of which is relatively simple and does not have a significant impact on the test results; tests must be so well mastered that when performing them, the athlete’s efforts are aimed at achieving maximum results, and not at the desire to perform the movement technically competently; have maximum motivation to achieve maximum results in tests; have a system for assessing achievements in tests.

The degree of development of physical abilities is determined using two groups of tests. The first group, which includes nonspecific tests, is intended to assess general physical fitness, and the second group includes specific tests that are used to assess special physical fitness. It should be noted that the choice of tests for assessing physical fitness largely depends on the type of sport, age, qualifications of athletes, and the structure of the annual or multi-year cycle of sports training. Control over technical readiness consists of assessing what an athlete can do and how he performs the mastered movements - good or bad, effective or ineffective, effective or ineffective. During the control process, the volume, versatility, efficiency and mastery of movement techniques are assessed. The first two criteria reflect the quantitative, and the last two - the qualitative side of technical readiness.

The volume of technique is determined by the total number of actions that an athlete performs during training sessions and competitions. In this case, the technique is assessed based on the fact of performing specific technical actions: performed - did not perform, can - cannot. For this purpose, visual observations, video recording, and filming are used.

Versatility is determined by the degree of variety of techniques that an athlete masters. For example, in sports games and martial arts, this is the degree of diversity of attacking and defensive actions. An informative indicator of the versatility of a technique is the frequency of use of different techniques and their ratio in training or competitive conditions.

The effectiveness of a sports movement technique is determined by the degree of its proximity to the optimal option. Depending on how it is determined: on the basis of comparison: with any standard or with the technique of highly qualified athletes or with the results in a competitive and control exercise, a distinction is made between the absolute, comparative and implementation effectiveness of the technique.

When determining the effectiveness of technology, three types of assessments are used - integral, differential and differential-total. Integral - evaluate the effectiveness of the exercise technique as a whole: differential are associated with the assessment of certain elements of a competitive or training exercise: differential - total - are determined based on the summation of the effectiveness of individual elements of the sports exercise technique.

.2 Basic forms and organization of control

There are four main forms of control - annual, stage-by-stage, current and operational.

Annual control involves checking the implementation of the training program planned for the year. The following indicators are assessed: the degree of implementation of the main and intermediate goals of training athletes. Sports results at the main and preparatory competitions are considered here; the degree of implementation of standards of physical, technical, functional and other types of readiness, the implementation of which should ensure the planned result; implementation of the plan of training and competitive loads (in general for the year and by period).

An important part of the annual control is the analysis of the results of an in-depth medical examination (IME) of athletes, which is carried out twice a year. The conclusion based on the results of an in-depth examination should contain: an assessment of the state of health, an assessment of physical development, an assessment of biological age and its correspondence to the passport age, the level of functional state, recommendations for treatment, preventive and rehabilitation measures, recommendations for a training regimen.

Phased control involves regular registration of a number of indicators at the beginning and end of some stage of the annual cycle. The duration of the stage can vary from 2-5 microcycles (20-40 days) to a year. The number of stages per year depends on the type of sport, the qualifications of the athletes, the tasks that are solved during the training process, etc. This type of control includes analysis of sports results and its constituent elements of competitive activity, analysis of data on training and competitive loads, which are usually presented in the form of appropriate matrices, based on the results of which the effectiveness of various training programs is assessed, assessment of the level of general and special physical fitness based on the data testing physical abilities, in this case both end-to-end and non-end-to-end tests are used. They are selected in such a way as to assess how successfully the main tasks have been solved: a specific stage of preparation, the functional state of athletes based on the results of control exercises of functional tests using physiological and biochemical control methods; analysis of movement technique; mental state athletes; determining biological maturity by somatoscopy.

Current monitoring allows you to assess daily changes in the athlete’s condition, his preparedness, determine load parameters in microcycles, the duration of which is different types sports ranges from 5 to 14 days. The information obtained during ongoing monitoring serves as the basis for planning the next training sessions, or, in other words, the delayed training effect. This is especially important at the stages of immediate preparation for the main competitions, when conducting intense (impact) and volume training.

The most informative tests for assessing the current state of an athlete are those in which the results change the most after completing training tasks. For example, after speed-strength loads (jumping, exercises with weights), the hardness of relaxed muscles increases. Therefore, this indicator can be a test of ongoing control. Tests and methods for carrying out routine monitoring may be different and depend on the period and stage of preparation. It is advisable to use tests that do not require cumbersome interfaces and complex measurement procedures. When organizing ongoing monitoring, it is advisable to compare the indicators of the current state with the characteristics of the load being performed. All this allows the trainer to make timely adjustments to the training plan in microcycles.

Operational control is intended for urgent assessment of the athlete’s functional state, his behavior, movement technique after performing an exercise, a series of exercises, or a training session. It serves as the basis for planning the immediate training effect, i.e. training within one lesson. A prompt assessment of the athlete’s condition is important when determining the duration of the warm-up, the duration of the exercise, the intensity of its implementation, the number of repetitions, intervals and nature of rest, when choosing a rational sequence for performing training exercises in a lesson, etc. .

When conducting operational examinations, it is necessary to use tests that are highly sensitive to the load being performed. The most preferable here are biochemical, physiological and other indicators that reflect the level of functioning of the body systems leading for this exercise.

2.3 Accounting during sports training of athletes

Accounting is one of the most important conditions effective planning of sports training. It makes it possible to see the results of the work done and the reality of planned targets.

Planning and accounting are organically linked. Planned work is unthinkable without proper accounting. However, accounting for work is needed not only for drawing up plans. Accounting materials serve as indicators of plan implementation and help clarify and correct it. For example, a well-organized record of data from control tests will make it possible to identify weaknesses in athletes’ preparedness and outline a set of training tools and methods to eliminate deficiencies.

Accounting for the educational and training process will be effective only if it is carried out systematically, objectively, accurately, reliably and fully records the results of the work done and the athlete’s condition; At the same time, it must display the recorded data simply and clearly. Therefore, those trainers who underestimate the role and importance of systematically recording educational and training sessions make a big mistake.

Conclusion

It must be borne in mind that planning is the leading and directing function of a coach in managing the educational and training process. The central link, the core of control, is the training program. Programming is an objective characteristic of any type of activity. It allows this activity to be controlled. The training program is a guide for the sports teacher and his students. With its help, the coach manages the development of athletes’ preparedness and the growth of their achievements.

Implemented through a system of training tasks, the training program causes a certain training effect, expressed in a change in the actual state of the athlete - operational, current or staged. Information about changes in these states, obtained using three forms of control - operational, current and staged, is then compared with the corresponding parameters of a given (modeled) state and, based on this comparison, corrections are made to the training plan. However, the corrections made by the coach in these cases are often either premature or delayed. Therefore, the probability of achieving the simulated state within the planned time frame is reduced. For example, at the time of important competitions, an athlete may not show his best planned result, but will achieve it earlier than the main competitions or some time after them.

A training plan, in turn, is a document that reveals the focus, content, order, sequence and timing of training and non-training tasks related to achieving the goals set by the coach and athlete - immediate, intermediate or distant. Scientifically based training plans allow you to avoid spontaneity in the actions of the coach and athlete, unnecessary expenditure of time, effort and material resources, poor quality of educational and training work, and ultimately achieve better results in your chosen sport. Depending on whether the training of an individual athlete or a team is planned, plans are divided into individual or general (group).

Consequently, planning, control and forecasting are closely interconnected, complement each other and are integral elements of managing the training process.

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Kofman L.B. Handbook for physical education teachers / Ed. L.B. Kofmana.M., 1998

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20L. General provisions of planning technology

Planning technology The process of sports training is a set of methodological and organizational-methodological settings that determine specific tasks for a specific period of time, the selection, layout and procedure for using the most appropriate means, methods, organizational forms, logistics of classes, as well as the preparation of specific training documentation. It determines the strategy, tactics and technique of organizing the process of sports training.

The subject of planning the training and competitive process is its content, forms and results, planned on the basis of objective patterns of development of sports achievements and the targeted formation of the athlete’s personality. Goals and objectives are determined for various periods of training.

leveling process. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the load for the previous year (or years), the magnitude of the training load, its volume and intensity are established. Means, methods, control standards and other indicators are determined.

The main task when developing a training plan is to, taking into account the level of preparedness of the athlete, his age, sports qualifications, experience in the chosen sport, the calendar of sports competitions, the characteristics of the sport, the conditions of the educational and training process, to determine the indicators of the simulated state of the athlete in the planned period of time, outline the optimal training program.

Planning at different stages of long-term sports training is carried out in the following forms: 1) long-term (for a number of years); 2) current (for one year); 3) operational (for a month, a week, a separate training session).

To long-term planning documents include a curriculum, training program, multi-year team training plan, multi-year individual training plan for athletes.

Syllabus determines the main direction and duration of educational work for a particular contingent of students. It provides for the sequence of passing the material, the content of the main sections, the amount of hours for each section, and the duration of each lesson.

Typically, the curriculum is divided into two main sections: theoretical and practical.

As an example, Table 35 presents the curriculum for educational and training groups of the Children's and Youth Sports School in volleyball.

Training program is compiled on the basis of the curriculum and determines the amount of knowledge, skills and abilities that must be mastered by students.

This document reveals the most appropriate forms and methods of pedagogical work, provides the main content of educational material on theory and practice for a certain contingent of students (Children's and Youth Sports Schools, Sports and Youth Sports Schools, sections of physical education groups, etc.).

The program, as a rule, consists of the following sections: 1) an explanatory note; 2) presentation of program material; 3) control standards and educational requirements; 4) recommended teaching aids.

Multi-year (long-term) plan for training athletes(team and individual). It is compiled for various periods depending on the age, level of preparedness of the athletes, and their sports experience. For younger athletes, it is advisable to draw up group long-term plans for 2-3 years. For qualified athletes, it is necessary to develop both group and individual plans for 4 and even 8 years.

The main content of the long-term training plan for an athlete or team includes the following sections: 1) brief description of those involved (athlete, team); 2) the goal of long-term training, the main tasks by year; 3) the structure of the long-term cycle and the timing of its macrocycles; 4) the main focus of the training process by year of the multi-year cycle; 5) main competitions and main starts of the individual calendar, planned results in each year; 6) control sports and technical indicators (standards) by year; 7) the total number of training days, classes, competition days and rest by year of training; 8) general and specific parameters of the training load; 9) system and timing of comprehensive control, including medical examination; 10) schedule of training camps and training locations.

Current planning documents include a schedule for the annual cycle of sports training, a team training plan for the year and an annual (individual) training plan for each athlete.

Schedule of the annual cycle of sports training is an organizational and methodological document that determines the content of work for the educational and training year, as well as the most appropriate methodological sequence of passing the material by periods and months throughout the annual training cycle, the number of hours for each section of work and the distribution of time costs for passing the material of the sections weekly throughout the year.

As an example, Table 36 presents a fragment of the volleyball training process schedule for the volleyball training group of the Youth and Youth Sports School.

Annual training plan(team and individual). It consists of the following sections: a brief description of the group of participants, the main tasks and means of training, their approximate distribution according to the allotted time, the approximate distribution of training loads by volume and intensity, the distribution of competitions, training sessions and rest, control standards, sports and technical indicators (sports results), pedagogical and medical control.

Below is a sample group yearly training plan.

Group annual training plan

Group of students

I. Brief description of the group of students

Age, sports category, level of sports achievements in the previous year, level of physical, technical, tactical and volitional readiness). Major gaps in preparedness. State of health, level of physical development and other data at the discretion of the trainer and doctor

II. The main objectives of training, the main means of training, their approximate distribution according to the allotted time (the points conventionally indicate that time is allotted to the means of training: 5 - a lot, 3 - average, 1 - little)

Main tasks Main Months

training means -i 1 1 1-i-i 1 1-i 1 1

training IX X XI XII I II HI IV V VI VII VII

Physical training

Technical training

Tactical training

Volitional training

Operational planning includes a work plan, plan- ] summary of the training session, preparation plan for individual competitions.

Work plan determines the specific content of classes on! a certain training cycle or calendar period (for example, a month). This document plans a methodology for training and sports improvement in accordance with the requirements of the program and schedule of the annual cycle of sports training. It presents the theoretical and practical material of each training session in a methodological sequence. Tables 37, 38, 39 provide examples of monthly and weekly training plans.

Outline of the training session drawn up on the basis of a work plan. This document defines in detail the tasks, content and means of each part of the lesson, the dosage of exercises and organizational and methodological instructions.

Preparation plan for individual competitions(team and individual) should model the program of the upcoming competitions (alternating loads and rest) and include average

to achieve maximum performance (for a given period of training) and create a sense of absolute confidence in one’s abilities.

All training plans, regardless of their type (team and individual annual and operational, etc.) must include:

data about those for whom the plan is designed (personal data about the athlete or general characteristics of the team);

targets (main goals of the period for which the plan is being drawn up; intermediate goals for individual stages; private goals related to various types of training);

indicators that can be quantified and characterize training and competitive loads and the condition of athletes;

training and educational guidelines;

timing of competitions, control testing, sports and medical examinations.

By periodically comparing the actual changes in controlled indicators with the planned ones, it is possible to promptly detect deviations in the use of training means and methods. At the same time, it is possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the means and methods used by analyzing their effect on the athlete’s body.

The scientific and methodological prerequisites for planning training in each sport should be the following knowledge:

a) for long-term and annual macrocycles - individual characteristics of the development of the sports form of an individual athlete, and in team sports - the team as a whole; specific features of long-term adaptation of the body to this type of muscle activity;

6) for a separate stage (mesocycle) - fundamental trends in the dynamics of the athlete’s condition in connection with the given training load, including depending on its content, volume, intensity and alternation;

c) for a microcycle - appropriate forms of combining short-term training effects of loads of various magnitudes and primary directions (the timing and completeness of restoration of the body’s special performance, depending on the volume, intensity and direction of the given loads).

20.2. Planning of sports training in multi-year cycles

The initial data for drawing up long-term (long-term) plans are the optimal age for achieving the highest results, the duration of preparation to achieve them, the growth rate of sports results from category to category.

category, individual characteristics of athletes, conditions for sports activities and other factors. Based on the characteristics of the athlete, the goals and objectives of long-term training, sports and technical indicators are determined by stages (years), the main means of training, the volume and intensity of training loads, and the number of competitions are planned. Those aspects of the athlete’s preparedness are noted on which the main attention of the coach and athlete should be focused in order to ensure the achievement of the planned indicators.

The long-term plan should include stages of preparation, the primary focus of training at each of them, and the main competitions at the stage. The number and duration of competitions depend on the structure of long-term training in a given sport, the calendar of public sports events and other factors.

Long-term multi-year training plans are drawn up both for a group of athletes (3rd and 2nd categories) and for one athlete (who has achieved 1st category and higher results).

The group plan must contain data outlining the prospects and main directions of training for the entire group. It should reflect the trend toward increasing requirements for various aspects of an athlete’s training, and the specific year-by-year indicators of the plan should correspond to the level of development of athletes in this group.

An individual long-term plan contains specific indicators that are outlined by the coach together with the athlete based on an analysis of previous training experience (the athlete’s actual implementation of sections of the group plan) taking into account his individual characteristics.

Drawing up a long-term plan should not be reduced to a mechanical reproduction of several annual plans, with constant repetition of the same tasks of the same content from year to year. It is necessary to reflect the trend of requirements for various aspects of an athlete’s preparedness increasing from year to year and to provide for a consistent change in training objectives, training loads, control standards and other indicators in each year of training. A long-term plan should always be goal-oriented.

20.3. Planning the training and competitive process in the annual cycle

Based on long-term plans, current (annual) training plans for athletes are drawn up. They list training means in more detail, specify the volume of training loads, and the timing of sports competitions. Plani-

The formation of the annual cycle is carried out taking into account the peculiarities of periodization of training in accordance with the laws of development of sports form.

Planning a year's training and determining its quantitative indicators can have two options - monthly and weekly. Therefore, when graphically depicting the training plan, the coach identifies twelve monthly vertical columns or 52 vertical columns corresponding to the number of weeks in the annual cycle.

The structure of the annual plan (the number and sequence of macrocycles, periods and mesocycles) is specified in connection with the system of the individual competition calendar of an athlete or team in each specific sport. The annual cycle can consist of several macrocycles, most often two or three, which is dictated by the number of main starts and time intervals between them, which determine the set and alternation of periods.

When planning two- and three-cycle training, it is necessary to take into account that the introduction of an additional completed macrocycle within one year often leads to improved sports results, especially in young qualified athletes. The use of three- and four-cycle planning is accompanied by both an increase in results for the next 1-2 years, and a reduction in the “sports life” of athletes. Therefore, such a structure can be recommended if there are sufficient reasons for this.

First, a calendar grid is introduced into the annual training plan, consisting of serial numbers of weeks and names of months. The next operation is to plot the main competitions on this grid, and then determine the boundaries of the macrocycles that are part of the annual plan of periods and main stages (mesocycles), ensuring the achievement of a state of sports form within the required time frame for the main competitions. After this, an individual competition calendar is applied, and for sports teams - the entire game calendar. This is followed by the distribution of general indicators of the training process for each week or month of the macrocycle. Further, the total volumes of training loads, private volumes of the most specific and intensive means (up to 5-9 indicators) are also distributed: the timing of control testing, the dynamics of sports results, the timing of training camps, the main directions of rehabilitation measures.

The sections of the plan, printed on an expanded sheet, make this document visual and very convenient in the practical daily work of a trainer. This form of planning allows its analysis to be carried out on a computer.

When developing annual plans, it is necessary to take into account the following organizational and methodological provisions:

A rational ratio of loads of various predominant directions - from selective in the early stages of the preparatory periods to complex in the final stages of the preparatory and competitive periods;

Consistent or complex improvement of motor qualities, which underlies the manifestation of technical and tactical mastery, reducing the influence of limiting factors due to the wave-like nature of the dynamics of the training load, changing the ratio of its components, the volume and intensity of work and rest.

When planning means of general, special physical and technical training, it is recommended to adhere to the following most appropriate sequence: in the use of means of general physical training - from the development of general endurance in various types of training activities to special and strength endurance through the main means of training in the chosen sport; from the widespread use of means that develop motor qualities and strengthen the athlete’s health level, to the implementation of exercises specific to the chosen sport with an emphasis on improving certain motor abilities that play a decisive role in achieving high sports results.

When planning means of special physical training, one should move from special endurance to increasing the speed of movement, speed and tempo of movements (quick tension and rapid relaxation in muscle work) to control over fast movements (combination of the length and tempo of steps to create maximum speed); from working out the leading muscle groups with large amplitudes of movements with significant efforts to increasing the power of movements and the force gradient with working (in accordance with the parameters of competitive activity) amplitudes and trajectories of movements; in special and basic exercises of the chosen sport (jumping, throwing, combinations, etc.) from simplified to complicated conditions, competitive and exceeding competitive in individual elements of movements, combinations and in general.

One of the leading methodological provisions is planning the variability of training loads for all components: the number and tempo of repetitions, amplitude and freedom of movement, duration and intensity of exercises, the amount of weights and resistance, changing training places (gym, arena, stadium, forest or water area, park area, specialized trails, coast, etc.), time (early morning-

rum before breakfast, during the day, in the evening), duration and number of classes, music, light, noise, etc. accompaniment of classes, as well as variety in the organization of their implementation to create emotional richness in preparation, which is especially important for achieving the necessary adaptation of the athlete’s body systems.

20.4. Operational planning

This type involves planning training for a specific mesocycle, microcycle, or a separate training session. It is carried out on the basis of an annual plan. In sports schools, training planning for one month is most widespread. The monthly plan specifies the main provisions of the annual plan. The selection of training means, the dynamics of the volume and intensity of training loads, and control standards are given in more detail. When drawing up operational plans, it is necessary that the focus of training sessions clearly corresponds to the tasks being solved during a given segment of a certain training cycle.

METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING AN INDIVIDUAL TRAINING

HIGH QUALIFICATION ATHLETE PLAN

Doctor pedagogical sciences E.B. Myakinchenko Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor M.P. Shestakov Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences A.S. Kryuchkov

Federal State state-financed organization“Sports Training Center for Russian National Teams”, Unified Industry Analytical Center Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor A.G. Abalyan Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor T.G. Fomichenko

Ministry of Sports, Tourism and Youth Policy Russian Federation, Moscow

TECHNIQUE OF DESIGN OF INDIVIDUAL TRAINING PLAN OF ELITE ATHLETE

E.B. Myakinchenko, Dr.Hab. M.B. Shestakov, professor, Dr.Hab. A.S. Kruchkov, Ph.D. Center of sport training of Russian national teams, Unified branch analytical center

A.G. Abalyan, associate professor, Ph.D.

T.G. Fomichenko, associate professor, Dr.Hab.

Ministry of sport, tourism and youth policy of the Russian Federation, Moscow

Key words: planning, training plan, test.

The present research was dedicated to trainers and experts for methods help in designing team and individual plans of training elite athletes. The paper covers the answers to the most typical questions arising in trainers and employees of complex research groups while filling in a form.

The added in the paper units of the Plan are an official document prepared and defended in the Expert Council of the Russian Ministry of Tourism in the beginning of each season.

In order the Plan realized its mission of managing athlete's training, besides the abovementioned, it is to contain full range of used means of training with an indication of methods and forms of its use; models of basic types of training classes; models of microcycles on basic training stages.

Along with planning the view of actually executed training loads is important as well as its comparison with the Plan and the data of tests of preparedness components.

Key words: planning, training plan, testing.

Introduction. Planning individual training for a high-class athlete in the annual macrocycle of training - required component educational and training process.

The main regulatory document regulating the activities of a coach when drawing up an individual training plan for an athlete - a candidate for a sports team is Order No. 369 of June 8, 2009 of the Ministry of Sports, Tourism and Youth Policy of the Russian Federation “On approval of the Procedure for the development and presentation by all-Russian sports federations in Ministry of Sports, Tourism and Youth Policy of the Russian Federation programs for the development of relevant sports." The Procedure, in particular, specifies the requirements for drawing up a “Targeted comprehensive program for preparing Russian athletes for the Olympic Games (Olympic Winter or summer games, summer or winter Paralympic, Deaflympic Games)" (hereinafter referred to as the TsKP) for sports included in the program of the Olympic, Paralympic, Deaflympic Games. Based on these requirements, each organization that prepares athletes for participation in major international competitions develops a training center, which is then approved by the Russian Ministry of Sports and Tourism.

On behalf of the Expert Council on the organization, preparation and participation of sports teams of the Russian Federation in Olympic Games Ministry of Sports Tourism of Russia, employees of the Unified Industry Analytical Center (UIAC), created at the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Sports Training of Russian National Teams”, to standardize forms individual plans, as well as for organizing scientific and methodological support

In order to prepare Russian sports teams, an Individual Plan Form (hereinafter referred to as the “Form”) has been developed. This Form is presented only in electronic form in MS Excel format.

The form was sent by the Russian Ministry of Sports and Tourism to sports federations (Unions) for winter sports. As practice has shown, filling it out raised many questions and problems, not always related to the trainers’ poor command of computer technology in general and computer program MC Excel in particular.

This article is intended for coaches and specialists for the purpose of methodological assistance in drawing up team and individual plans (hereinafter referred to as the “Plan”) for the training of high-class athletes. In addition, the article discusses the answers to the most typical questions that trainers and employees of complex scientific groups (ICS) had when filling out the Form.

Main part. The creation of the Plan is based on the theory and principles of program-target planning and management - one of the types of management, which is based on the orientation of activities towards achieving set goals, in our case - achieving the required sports result within a certain time period. Program-target planning is built according to the logical scheme “goals-ways-ways-means”. First, the goals that must be achieved are determined, then the ways to implement them are outlined, and then more detailed methods and means are outlined. Having set a specific goal, the coach develops an action program to achieve it.

The typical structure of a plan should include: a description of the problem, main goals and objectives, a system of measures, resource provision, an implementation mechanism, an organizational aspect, methods of managing and monitoring the progress of its implementation, as well as an assessment of the expected effectiveness of the plan's implementation.

Planning is carried out in compliance with specific principles, i.e., the rules for developing a plan. The main ones are: scientific nature, ensuring the effectiveness of training, proportionality and balance of training loads, coordination of short-, medium- and long-term goals:

The scientific principle is implemented in the fact that plans should be developed using the laws of biology, that is, based on the patterns of adaptation of the athlete’s body to training loads and take into account the results of trend analysis and forecasts for the development of a specific sports discipline;

The principle of increasing efficiency requires that the results of implementing plans be achieved with the minimum necessary expenses strength of athletes and financial and organizational resources of the entire sports training system, as well as minimizing the risks of injury,

deterioration of health indicators and development of overtraining phenomena;

The principle of proportionality and balance of training load parameters is to optimize them in a unified system of the educational and training process to achieve a sports result, taking into account the ratio of preparedness factors determined by the model of competitive activity;

The principle of coordination (continuity) of short-, medium- and long-term goals when drawing up a training plan should ensure the consistent and appropriate development of the athlete’s abilities to achieve a state of optimal readiness at the time of the main competitions.

Based on the above principles

The main methodological provisions on the basis of which the Form was developed are:

1. The presence of a model of competitive activity. The plan must be based on precise knowledge of what determines the sporting result in a given discipline. This knowledge, in turn, allows the coach to create a Model of the athlete’s competitive activity. The model must be described in biomechanical, physiological and psychological (not pedagogical!) terms and expressed in measurable quantities (model characteristics). The main task of the model is to make it possible to determine the determinants of the result in the process of target competitive activity and to establish relationships between them (between the elements of the model). The higher the qualification of the trainer, the more detailed the model can be.

2. Availability of a forecast of the dynamics of the state. It is not the volume and intensity of training means that should be planned, but the dynamics of changes in the components of preparedness (CP) of the athlete, which allow achieving the planned parameters of the functioning of the Competitive Activity Model. In other words, those parameters of the athlete’s condition on which the sports result in the main start(s) depends.

3. Availability of analysis of the previous training period. The plan for the year is based on detailed analysis the loads performed by the athlete and the changes in the CP that occurred under their influence. Therefore, in addition to the plan, the trainer must have a report on the loads performed and the results of stage and ongoing examinations in the form of tables and graphs.

4. Availability of specific tasks. For each stage, mesocycle of preparation, or for a planned training camp (TTC), an absolutely specific task is set to change (shift) the CP by a specific amount. Funds must be provided

control over the extent to which the task of bringing the athlete’s body to a new level will be solved according to all planned CPs.

5. Planning the most effective means workout. For inclusion in the plan, only those training means and their combination are selected within the framework of a separate training session, micro- and mesocycle, which uniquely and effectively solve the problem of changing (shifting) the CP by a given amount.

6. The plan should be clear. It should be easy to read and reflect the underlying logic for changing the main control points, including technical, tactical and implementation. To do this, it must be presented not only digitally, but also graphically.

The head coach is responsible for planning all sections of the sports team’s preparation. The development of the plan is directly carried out by the senior sports coach and personal trainers of leading athletes. The head of the KNG must be involved in the development of plans, who is obliged to provide scientific and scientific-methodological assistance to each trainer. It should be noted that in a number of cases, the leaders of the AMG, who do not know the specifics of sports, find it difficult to carry out this work. The planning process and development of plans are mandatory not only for Russian, but also for foreign coaches. Last

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DORODNOV A.G., LATUKHOV S.V., TUPIEV I.D. - 2011

In order for an athlete to be able to fully perform, representing his team or even his country at competitions of various levels, he needs not only to train hard, preparing his body for a colossal load, but also to do many other, no less important things. Those that usually no one even thinks about in the light of the upcoming grandiose event. For example, pack your suitcase or submit documents to a special commission. And it is at this stage that many begin to panic, because thoughts are swarming in their heads only about the upcoming sports fight, and they cannot even think about anything else.

To prepare directly for the competition, an athlete’s individual plan will help - this is a list of actions that a future participant in the competition must take in order not only to get to the competition, but also to perform well at it. This includes diet and exercise. Each coach develops such a plan for each athlete individually.

How to start training for competitions

First you need to make an action plan. It should contain something like this:

• obtain a foreign passport and visa if we are talking about performing in another country;
• familiarize yourself with the list of documents required to participate in competitions (requirements of the credentials committee);
• complete missing papers;
• purchase tickets (this may be done by the athlete’s representative);
• pack your bags.

And, of course, try not to forget important things and documents.

What to take to competitions

Before your trip, it’s a good idea to find out what weather forecasters promise for the duration of your stay in a foreign city. Based on this, it will be possible to create a set of necessary things for traveling to competitions. As an example:

• documents (more about them below);
• round trip tickets;
• sports uniforms and paraphernalia;
• underwear (several sets);
• hygiene and cosmetic supplies;
• set casual wear;
• warm clothes in case of weather surprises;
• chargers or spare batteries for phones and other gadgets;
• sneakers, shower slippers, etc.

Naturally, each specific case requires a special set of things, but the above list will help you remember the most important things. When choosing, follow the basic rules: clothes should be comfortable, comfortable and not brand-name.

List of documents for the trip

Getting ready for competitions and not taking the necessary documents with you is the mistake of many athletes who, as a rule, already at the airport or train station remember what exactly needed to be taken. To avoid such troubles, we recommend checking the following list:

• original passport or birth certificate, if we are talking about a child;
• insurance policy;
• SNILS;
• medical certificates;
• athlete's rank book;
• international passport and visa;
• tickets;
• permission from parents (for minor athletes).

Of course, some of the above may not be useful at all, however, it will be worse if the document is needed for the credentials committee or going through control at the airport or train station, and it is not at hand.

Don't forget about money. It is better to carry international standard plastic bank cards and a small amount of cash with you. Moreover, you also need to find out in advance about ATMs where you can withdraw currency without commission.

Risks to life and how to avoid them

Regardless of what city or country the athlete goes to, it will come in handy. It will protect you in case of unforeseen situations that may occur during competitions or training. In case of injury, the insurance company will reimburse the cost of treatment.

In addition, it will not be possible to attend any competition without such insurance; any commission will be sensitive to the presence or absence of it on the athlete, because no one needs unnecessary risks.

Save and print this article so you can always look at the lists presented and understand what you forgot to do before the competition.