Svyatogor what he did in the epic. The story of the character. Bylina, about how Svyatogor met Mikula Selyaninovich and could not lift his bag

Svyatogor seems to us to be a huge creature, the power of which is comparable to a mountain. This is indeed a giant, the son of Mother - the Raw Earth, who gave birth to him and could not bear.

However, he himself turns out to be not omnipotent and cannot cope with the "earthly cravings" that are contained in a heavy bag: when he tries to lift it, he leaves with his feet into the ground.

In another epic he, while riding with Ilya Muromets, stumbles upon a stone coffin; the heroes begin to try it on, and the coffin fits Svyatogor. He cannot lift its lid and dies, having breathed some of his strength into Ilya before his death.

The oldest hero

It is difficult to call Svyatogor a hero, since he does not perform any feats; but at the same time, evil does not come from him. A huge warrior and hero with remarkable strength, Svyatogor cannot use it anywhere. He wanders the earth, measures himself against other heroes and natural phenomena, but he remains alone. He has neither relatives, nor friends, nor even enemies.

In one epic about his feelings it is said: "It is heavy from the strength, as from a heavy burden." Therefore, Svyatogor is a very tragic figure. The reason for this image of Svyatogor is partly hidden in its antiquity: this is one of the oldest characters in Russian epics, barely just "torn away" from the natural elements. Perhaps, like Mother - Cheese Earth, he goes back to a certain Proto-Indo-European archetype. However, it cannot be said that fate does not send Svyatogor anything good.

So, in one of the epics, he marries a real beauty. The prophetic blacksmith predicted to him that he would marry a girl who had lived for 30 years on pus (dung) and overgrown with ugly bark. Svyatogor goes there, finds this girl - the Pomor Film - on the pus, cuts it in the chest with a sword, leaves 500 rubles and leaves. But from the blow, the Film wakes up, recovers and turns into a beauty. Svyatogor accidentally heard about her beauty, found her and took her as his wife; after that, he discovered a scar on her chest and realized who she was.

In the epics of Svyatogor are surrounded by such characters as:

• Ilya Muromets, with whom he later became friends
• Mikula Selyaninovich, to whom Svyatogor boastfully talks about his enormous strength
• The film is a mythical beauty that has temporarily acquired an ugly essence.

Svyatogor is a fantastic and symbolic hero

The plot in which Svyatogor rides a horse and holds on his shoulders a casket in which his beautiful wife is sitting is indicative. He bumps into a huge bed. It belongs to Ilya Muromets, but he hid in advance, having heard the sound of hooves. Svyatogor fell asleep on the bed, his wife noticed Ilya and cheated on Svyatogor, and then hid him in her husband's pocket.

Svyatogor woke up and galloped on, but his horse betrayed Ilya's location. Svyatogor killed his unfaithful wife in anger, and fraternized with Ilya of Muromets. This plot is illogical and implausible, but it is intended to demonstrate the size and strength of Svyatogor, in comparison with which other heroes are so small that they can get into his pocket.

The epic about the death of Svyatogor has a symbolic meaning: the ancient characters die, and they are replaced by new, younger ones (Ilya Muromets), personifying the new Russian state, but inside which there is still the same spirit of the old hero.

Svyatogor the hero. Epic

The Holy Mountains are high in Russia, their gorges are deep, abysses are terrible; Neither birch, nor oak, nor pine, nor green grass grow there. There, the wolf will not run, the eagle will not fly by - the ant has nothing to profit from on the bare rocks. Only the hero Svyatogor rides between the cliffs on his mighty horse. The horse jumps over the abyss, jumps over the gorges, steps from mountain to mountain. The old one drives along the Holy Mountains. Here the mother of the earth is shaking, Stones are falling in the abyss, Rivers are pouring out fast. The growth of the bogatyr Svyatogor is higher than a dark forest, he supports the clouds with his head, jumps over the mountains - the mountains stagger under him, he will enter the river - all the water from the river will splash out. He rides for a day, others, third, - he will stop, spread a tent - lie down, get enough sleep, and again his horse wanders through the mountains.

Svyatogor the hero is bored, sad for the old: in the mountains there is no one to say a word with, no one to measure strength with. He should go to Russia, walk with other heroes, fight with enemies, shake up his strength, but the trouble is: the earth does not hold him, only the stone cliffs of Svyatogorsk do not collapse under his weight, do not fall, only their ridges do not crack under his hooves horse heroic. It is hard for Svyatogor from his strength, he wears it like a heavy burden. I would be glad to give half of my strength, but there is no one. I would be glad to do the hardest work, but there is no work on the shoulder. Whatever you take with your hand, everything will crumble into crumbs, flatten into a pancake. Would he begin to uproot forests, but for him forests are like meadow grass He would begin to move mountains, but no one needs it ... So he drives alone along the Holy Mountains, his head is oppressed from anguish below ... - Eh, I would find I have an earthly thrust, I would have driven a ring into the sky, tied an iron chain to the ring; would pull the sky to the earth, turn the earth upside down, mix the sky with the earth - waste some silushka! But where is her - craving - to find! Once Svyatogor is going along the valley between the cliffs, and suddenly a living person is walking ahead! A nondescript peasant walks, tramples on his bast shoes, carries a bag over his shoulder.

Svyatogor was delighted: there will be someone to say a word to, - the peasant began to catch up. He walks to himself, in no hurry, but Svyatogorov's horse gallops with all his might, but he cannot catch up with the peasant. There is a little man, not in a hurry, he throws his purse from shoulder to shoulder. Svyatogor is galloping at full speed - everything is a passer-by in front! Goes at a pace - you can't catch up with everything! Svyatogor shouted to him: - Hey, fellow traveler, wait for me! The little man stopped and folded his purse on the ground. Svyatogor galloped up, greeted and asked: - What kind of burden do you have in this purse? - And you take my purse, throw it over your shoulder and run with it across the field. Svyatogor laughed so that the mountains shook; I wanted to pry the purse with a whip, but the purse did not move, began to push with a spear - it wouldn’t budge, I tried to lift it with a finger, it wouldn’t rise ... The hero grabbed the bag with both hands, pulled with all his might - only raised it to his knees. Lo and behold - and he himself went knee-deep into the ground, not sweat, but blood flowing down his face, his heart sank ...

Svyatogor threw his handbag, fell to the ground, - the rumble went through the mountains-dales. The hero barely caught his breath - You tell me what you have in your purse? Tell me, teach me, I have never heard of such a miracle. My strength is exorbitant, but I cannot lift such a grain of sand! - Why not say - I will say: in my little purse all the earthly cravings lie. Spyatogor lowered his head: - This is what the earthly craving means. And who are you and what is your name, a passer-by? - I am a plowman, Mikula Selyaninovich - I see, a kind person, the mother of the earth loves you! Maybe you can tell me about my fate? It's hard for me to ride alone over the mountains, I can't live like this anymore. - Go, hero, to the Northern Mountains. There is an iron forge near those mountains. In that smithy, the blacksmith forges everyone's fate, and you learn about your own fate from him. Mikula Selyaninovich threw his purse over his shoulder and walked away. And Svyatogor jumped on his horse and galloped to the Northern Mountains. Svyatogor rode and rode for three days, three nights, did not go to bed for three days - he drove to the Northern Mountains. Here, the cliffs are still hollow, the abyss is even blacker, the rivers are deeper and more turbulent ... Under the very cloud, on a bare rock, Svyatogor saw an iron forge. In the smithy, a bright fire burns, black smoke is pouring out of the smithy, there is a ringing-knocking sound all over the neighborhood.

Svyatogor entered the smithy and saw: a gray-haired old man was standing at the anvil, blowing the bellows with one hand, with the other - hitting the anvil with a hammer, but nothing was visible on the anvil. - Blacksmith, blacksmith, what are you, father, forging? - Come closer, lean down! Svyatogor bent down, looked and was surprised: the blacksmith was forging two thin hairs. - What have you got, blacksmith? “Here’s two hairs, one hair and one owl — two people are getting married. - And who does fate tell me to marry? - Your bride lives on the edge of the mountains in a dilapidated hut.
Svyatogor went to the edge of the mountains, found a dilapidated hut. A hero entered it, put a gift-bag with gold on the table. Svyatogor looked around and saw: a girl was lying motionless on a bench, covered with bark and scabs, and did not open her eyes. Svyatogor felt sorry for her. What is it that lies and suffers? And death does not come, and there is no life. Svyatogor pulled out his sharp sword, wanted to hit the girl, but his hand did not rise.

The sword fell to the oak floor. Svyatogor jumped out of the hut, got on his horse and galloped to the Holy Mountains. And the girl, meanwhile, opened her eyes and saw: a heroic sword was lying on the floor, a bag of gold was on the table, and all the bark fell from her, and her body was clean, and she gained strength. She got up, walked along the gorenka, went out the threshold, bent over the lake and gasped: a beautiful girl looks at her from the lake - and stately, and white, and blush, and clear eyes, and blond braids! She took the gold that lay on the table, built ships, loaded them with goods and set off to trade on the blue sea, looking for happiness. Wherever they come, all the people run to buy goods, to admire the beauty. The fame of her throughout Russia goes: So she reached the Holy Mountains, the rumor about her reached Svyatogor. He also wanted to look at the beauty. He looked at her, and he fell in love with the girl. - This is a bride for me, for this one I will devote! Svyatogor also fell in love with the girl. They got married, and Svyatogor's wife began to tell about her former life how she lay for thirty years, covered with bark, how she was cured, how she found money on the table. Svyatogor was surprised, but did not say anything to his wife. The girl quit trading, sailing on the seas, began to live with Svyatogor on the Holy Mountains.

Hello guys, sit down. My name is Daria Vladimirovna. Today I will give you a literary reading lesson. Check your workplaces, remove all unnecessary from the tables.

Guys, today we will have an interesting topic, but which one I will not tell you yet.

First, let's remember what genre you studied in the last lesson?

How does a story differ from other genres?

Today we will be studying a very interesting, but not simple genre.

In order for you to be able to determine what kind of genre 6 people come to me and receive letters from me.

Guys, what kind of word can you make up of these letters?

Today we are studying with you a new genre called epic.

Maybe someone knows what an epic is?

In order to find out, let's take card number 1, and…. will read to us.

So, what signs of an epic can we single out?

Today you and I will study the epic, which is called "Svyatogor-Bogatyr."

Why do you think the hero was named Svyatogor, what is the meaning in his name?

What do you think, is it possible to call a not very strong person Svyatogor? Why?

Now listen to the epic Svyatogor the Bogatyr. (Children's textbooks are closed.)

How many heroes were there in the epic?

How many heroes were measured by strength?

How did Svyatogor's attempt to pick up the "Handbag" end?

Let's open the textbooks with you on page 21 and look at the content of the text of the epic.

This epic is quite difficult to read, we need to read it beautifully.

For this, I have selected the words for you in advance, the meaning of which I want you to understand.

Now look at page 23, read the unfamiliar words.

(reading by rhyme).

Well done, you read it well, but since the epic is complex, let's read it again.

1) Where did Svyatogor walk?

2) Was there such a person with whom Svyatogor could measure his strength?

3) Guys, who told Svyatogor that he has such great power?

4) What words did Svyatogor say, boasting of his strength?

5) Whom did Svyatogor see after those words?

6) Were Svyatogor able to immediately catch up with a passer-by?

7) Find in the text what it took Svyatogor to catch up with a passer-by.

8) How did the passer-by behave?

9) Find in the text the words how Svyatogor examined the handbag of a passer-by.

11) Were Svyatogor able to lift the purse?

12) Find in the text what happened to Svyatogor at this moment?

13) Find in the text what Svyatogor asked a passerby?

14) What was the name of the passerby?

Guys, what words do you think describe this character?

(I have chosen a statement for you in advance, can you now choose the words yourself?)

Guys, now we will have a little rest.

I will tell you the part of your body that you need to touch, but listen carefully, because I will confuse you. Touch the nose, touch the ear, touch the neck (I repeat, but I am not showing correctly). Now we have a little rest and are ready to continue the lesson.

We open notebooks on a printed basis on page 12.

Let's complete the cover model with you.

As you can see, the epic is indicated by a rhombus.

What do you think is the theme of this piece?

What color will we need to paint over the rhombus?

Let's write the author's surname above the rhombus, and the name of the epic under the rhombus.

Let's do # 3 on pages 12-13.

Now let's work in pairs, take cards # 2. Before you are parts of a proverb, make up a proverb from these parts.

We have collected 3 proverbs, let's read them.

Do any of these proverbs fit this epic?

Why?

Now take card number 3 and answer the test questions.

1.Where did Svyatogor walk?

A) in the steppe

B) in the field

C) in the forest

2. Whom did Svyatogor meet?

A) a passerby

B) horse

C) Ilya Muromets

3. Name the genre of the work of Svyatogor the hero.

A) story

B) epic

C) story

4. What did the passerby have?

A) bag

B) basket

B) handbag

5. What was the name of the person Svyatogor met?

A) Alyosha Popovich

B) Dobrynya Nikitich

C) Mikula Selyaninovich

6.Could Svyatogor lift the bag?

A) easily lifted

B) raised only a hair from the ground

C) did not raise

Please submit your work.

Guys, let's remember what you learned new?

What genre did you meet?

What words have you learned?

Guys, please stand up, those who understood what an epic is.

Please stand up those who saw the human features of the hero.

Here is our lesson and came to an end, thank you all for your attention, I was pleased to work with you, goodbye.

Literary reading lessons (the author of the course) are aimed at the formation of speech and reading activities of students. They are designed to help the child become a reader: to bring to the realization of the rich world of domestic and foreign as the art of the artistic word; enrich the reading experience, develop an interest in reading and book. In order for a child to become a full-fledged reader, it is important to create conditions for the formation of reading activity: the organization of the reading space, the selection of material for reading and the mastery of elementary literary concepts and knowledge.

The outline of the lesson is developed

MBOU "Gymnasium" SUN ", Penza

Lesson topic: Works. Epic "Svyatogor is a hero"

Lesson Objectives:

Educational: to acquaint children with the epic "Svyatogor-Bogatyr"; to identify the artistic features of epics (melodiousness, repetitions, fixed expressions, epithets, hyperbole); to teach how to work with a work, to form the skills of full-fledged perception and analysis of a work, literary representations, to teach various types of reading; develop skills of self-control and self-esteem.

Developing: develop coherent speech, imagination, holistic perception, the ability to compare, analyze and draw conclusions.

Educational: foster love for Russian literature, patriotic feelings and moral qualities of the individual, foster the ability to work together.

Equipment:

Multimedia equipment. Presentation. Cards with schemes.

Lesson material:

For the teacher:

Literary reading: program: grades 1-4 /,. - M .: Ventana-Graf, 2013. Literary reading: Grade 4: methodological guide / - M .: Ventana-Graf, 2012 3-5 books with works

For the student:

7. Literary reading: Grade 4: a textbook for students of educational institutions: 2 hours. Part 2 /, - 3rd ed. dorab. - M .: Ventana-Graf, 2013

8. Literary reading: Grade 4: workbook for students of educational institutions: 2 hours. Part 2 / - M .: Ventana-Graf, 2013

9. Literary reading: Grade 4: educational reader for students of educational institutions: 2 hours. Part 2 /, - 3rd ed. dorab. - M .: Ventana-Graf, 2013

During the classes

I. Work to identify the reading experience of students

Working with an exhibition of books

Guys, go to the exhibition and look at the books. What books are you familiar with?

(Children give full titles of books.)

What 2 groups can these books be divided into?

(A book is a work and a book is a collection.)

What do all these books have in common?

Right. All these works were written by the great Russian writer.

A comment:

In the lessons of literary reading and listening, it is necessary to refer to books, to book exhibitions. This is important for the formation of special reading skills (the ability to navigate in books, understand the features of a literary work, work with the apparatus of a book, compare, classify). Working with book exhibitions includes each child in an active cognitive process, encourages children to read, and develops an interest in reading activities.

Working with a diagram

And what works by genre did he write? To answer this question, fill out the diagram on the card on your desk.

wrote stories?

arts.

Now check your schematics against the finished one. Please add if you forgot to write something.

(Self-test. Slide 2)

List examples of music for each of the genres you recorded. Do not forget to name the theme of the work.

(Answers of children. Supplements.)

Well done. You know a lot of works.

A comment:

Schemes and tables are types of tasks that are introduced to generalize the knowledge gained, to develop reader's vigilance. This job allows children to see their level of reading. The diagram that the children filled out summarized their knowledge of the genre variety of works. The formation of self-control and self-esteem is the most important stage of work in literary reading lessons. Self-examination by model is an effective technique for developing reader's vigilance, an important element of educational and reading activity.

II. Working with a new piece

Hearing

Today in the lesson we will get acquainted with one more piece. This is the epic "Svyatogor - the hero". Find it in the tutorial. Prepare to listen. Now I will read it to you. After reading, you should answer the questions: Did you like this work? What do you remember the most?

(Reading the epic by the teacher.)

A comment:

The main task of this stage of the lesson is for children to master the ability to hear a work of art, feel it, think about moral categories, and express their own attitude to what they read.

2. Conversation after the hearing and work with the text

Did you like this piece? What do you remember the most? Name the work correctly.

(children's answers)

Guys, look at the dictionary for this piece. Let's read the words and their meanings. Find sentences with these words in the text.

(Working with the dictionary in the textbook p. 22-23)

What does Svyatogor the Bogatyr tell about in the epic?

(tells in the epic about the meeting of two Russian heroes - Svyatogor and Mikula Selyaninovich.)

Read the description of Svyatogor and its mighty power.

(The children read the passage aloud)

What was Svyatogor surprised at? Find in the text and read the answer to this question.

(The children read the passage aloud)

Find and read the dialogue of Svyatogor with Mikula Selyaninovich.

(The children read the passage aloud)

How do the heroes behave?

(Svyatogor boasts of his strength, and Mikula Selyaninovich is very modest.)

Prove that this is an epic. What is characteristic of all epics?

(This is a work about Russian heroes who defended their native land. It contains fixed expressions, epithets, hyperboles.)

Find and read these characteristic signs in the epic.

(children's answers) Slide 3.

Well done. You correctly named all the characteristic features of the epics and found them in the text.

A comment:

Working with the dictionary allows you to conduct lexical work, enrich vocabulary, practice reading skills, master various types of reading, organize the analysis of the text and its units (sentences, paragraphs, episodes, excerpts). Pupils read a word and its meaning in a dictionary, find and read a sentence with a given word in the text, highlight paragraphs with a given word and learn it in context.

At this stage, the ability to navigate the text was formed. Questions and tasks are of a search nature, aiming students at analyzing the text, its

features and understanding of the meaning. Simultaneous work is underway on the language of the work and on the speech of children.

3. Repeated reading of the epic by children aloud

(Reading the epic by children aloud)

A comment:

The formation of reading skills remains one of the main tasks of each lesson. In the classroom, the reading technique of students is constantly being improved, expressive reading is being worked out, the attention of children to the author's word is developing.

III. Comparison of the epic "Svyatogor the hero" and the folk epic "Svyatogor"

1. Didactic game "Remember and name"

Guys, today you named the epics that you wrote. Let's remember what folk epics do you know? I will read excerpts from the epics that we met in literary reading lessons, and you have to name them. When naming an epic, name the names of Russian heroes. You will write these names in the diagram, which is in the notebook on page 13, task 3.

(The teacher reads excerpts, the children name familiar epics and write down the names of the heroes in the diagram).

1. ... Ilya walked on the water, but the earth really does not carry him: his foot in the ground, which is in a swamp, gets stuck, he grabbed an oak tree - an oak with roots, the chain from the ring, like a thread, broke into pieces ...

(Russian folk epic "How Ilya became a hero from Murom")

2. ... At the fork there is fuel - a stone lies, and on the stone the inscription is written: "If you go straight - to be killed, to go to the right - to be married, and to go to the left - to become rich." Ilya read the inscriptions and became thoughtful ...

(Russian folk epic "Three trips of Ilya Muromets")

3. ... But Dobrynya was not afraid of the Snake: he managed to jump out deftly ashore. He grabbed his cap weighing three pounds, and how it was enough for the Snake on the head! Instantly knocked her poisonous trunks off ...

(Russian folk epic "Dobrynya and the Snake")

4.… The guests sit and see: the oak door opens, a filthy miracle goes into the upper room. The height, and rightly so, is three sazhens, and the width is two girths. He does not bow to anyone, does not greet anyone, goes straight to the table ...

(Russian folk epic "Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin Zmeyevich")

5. ... And Volga sent his entire squad at once - to pull the peasant plow out of the ground. But the whole princess's squad could not cope with the plow ...

(Russian folk epic "Volga and Mikula")

6. ... Svyatogor got down from the horse, grabbed the purse with both hands, gathered all his outlandish strength, lifted the purse above his knees and the old hero felt that he had gone knee-deep into the ground, and that sweat was not streaming down his face from the strain - heroic blood flowed ...

(Russian folk epic "Svyatogor")

If you remembered some other heroes, supplement the scheme, and then check each other's work.

(crosscheck)

Now check your notes against the finished chart. Please add if you forgot to write something.

Svyatogor Mikula Volkh Yakim

Selyaninovich Vseslavievich Ivanovich

Svyatoslavovich Russian heroes

Dobrynya Ilya Alyosha Nikita

Nikitich Muromets Popovich Kozhemyaka

2. Comparison of epics

What epic have you read at home? Name.

(Russian folk epic "Svyatogor".)

Let's compare the epic "Svyatogor - the hero" and the folk epic "Svyatogor". What do these two epics have in common and how do they differ?

(The epics are similar in that they tell about the same heroes - Svyatogora and Mikula Selyaninovich. Both epics describe their meeting, conversation. The power of the heroes is described in the same way. The plots and endings of these works are different. The epics are also different in form: folk the bylina was written in prose, and the author's - in verse.)

The children corroborate their answers with passages from the texts.

Well done boys. You correctly compared these epics. Named a lot of similarities and differences in them.

Svyatogor is a giant hero in East Slavic mythology. Refers to the most ancient heroes of the Russian epic epic, located outside the Kiev and Novgorod cycles and only partly in contact with the first in the epics about the meeting of Svyatogor with Ilya Muromets.

general description

We must also rank Svyatogor among the most ancient heroes of the Russian epic. Unlike Volkh, whose image has been forgotten and about which there are no more than 4–5 complete records of songs about his campaign, the name of Svyatogor is extremely popular in the epic, although his image has also noticeably faded. No less than seven different subjects are associated with his name. Some of them are primordial for him, some are dated to him, probably relatively late.

Plots

To the plots that are undoubtedly primordial for Svyatogor and belong to the realm of the epic, two must be attributed: firstly, the story of how Svyatogor runs into a saddle bag, which he cannot lift, and, secondly, the story about how he lies in the coffin, which slams shut behind him. All other plots about Svyatogor are connected with his name and image only externally, are known in a different context, have a prosaic and fragmentary, fragmentary form and in most cases are performed not as independent, complete works of art, but as shortly narrated episodes in summary stories. Partly they are of a biblical-legendary character (Svyatogor approaches the biblical Samson), partly a fabulous or even farcical character. *

Both main epics, primordially associated with the image of Svyatogor, tell of his death. In one case, he struggles, trying to lift an extraordinary handbag, which cannot be lifted from the ground, in the second, he tries in vain to open the lid of the coffin in which he lay down alive. The lid slams shut behind him forever, and it turns out to be impossible to save him.

Doom

That both the best and most ancient songs about Svyatogor tell of his death is by no means accidental. For more than a hundred plots known to the classical Russian epic, plots about the death of heroes are numbered in units. So, Danube and Sukhman commit suicide. Both of these epics are deeply tragic in their content. Vasily Buslaevich tragically dies. The rest of the heroes, in songs about them, never die or die. On the contrary: receiving strength, Ilya, for example, simultaneously receives a prophecy that death in battle is not written to him. The Russian hero does not die, and this is not what songs are sung about. The epic about how the knights died in Russia, according to our data, does not belong to the epic, but to the spiritual verses, which will be discussed below.

If in the stories about one hero twice, and, moreover, in different ways, they speak of his death, this means that the death is connected with the very essence, with the nature of this hero, that in the person of Svyatogor the doomed hero is portrayed. Unlike the deaths of other heroes, there is nothing tragic about his death. His death seems to be natural and in the listener does not cause regret about him.

The appearance of Svyatogor is the same in both songs about him and can be considered before studying the thread of the narrative.

The name of Svyatogor indicates its connection with the mountains. Attempts to link this name with Pushkin's places - with the Holy Mountain near Opochka or with the Holy Mountains on the Donets, made in science, are not convincing. Svyatogor is not associated with the mild Central Russian uplands, it is associated with rocky mountains and gorges. He goes "but steep mountains and holy places" (Greg. III, 50). He is "Gorynych" (Par. And Soym. 40). As a child, K. Aksakov heard a story about how Ilya Muromets finds a mountain, "and on it lies a huge hero, like a mountain himself." On this mountain he sleeps (Kir. I, pp. XXX-XXXI). Ilya sometimes sees him asleep on his horse on the ledge of a high mountain. Holy mountains are opposed to Holy Russia. As Holy Russia is the lot of the heroes, so the Holy Mountains are the place assigned to Svyatogor, from where, as a rule, he never goes to Russia. The singers explain this by the fact that it is so large and heavy that the earth does not carry it, does not hold it.

Slavic epics about Svyatogor

Epic: Svyatogor and earthly craving

Svyatogor dressed up for a walk in the open field,

Saddles his good horse

And rides across a clear field.

Svyatogor has no one to measure strength with,

And the strength is in the veins

So lively and poured.

Heavy from the silushka, as from a heavy pregnancy.

So Svyatogor says:

“How would I find cravings,

So I would have lifted the whole earth. "

Svyatogor comes to the steppe

On a small saddle bag;

He takes a driving wheel, touches a purse - it will not hide,

Moves it with a finger - it does not flinch,

Enough with a horse hand - will not rise.

“For many years I have traveled around the world,

And I did not come across such a miracle,

Such a diva has never seen:

Small purse

It will not hide, it will not fold, it will not rise. "

Svyatogor climbs off the good horse,

He grabbed a handbag,

Raised my purse above my knees -

And knee-deep Svyatogor plunged into the ground,

And on the white face, not tears, but blood flows.

Where Svyatogor got stuck, here he could not get up,

And then he ended.

Epic: Svyatogor and the coffin

How Ilya rode out on good horses,

As he himself thought it over:

“What kind of hero am I?

In battle, think death is not written,

As in the fight, but it is not said.

I will still go to the holy places and mountains,

After all, I'm visiting about the heroes,

Am I talking about Yegor-Svyatogor, after all, -

There is a hardened hero and great ones,

There he is, but he was mountain,

I haven’t tried his strength ”.

Ilyushenka Muromets stopped by

Are there mountains on high,

The gorges were so dense.

How the monster rides, it's a miracle,

He is still sitting on good horses,

He had never seen such a miracle,

He had never heard such a miracle.

How that one went on good horses,

Hit with his heroic club

Right here he has a riotous head.

But somehow, after all, the monster is coming,

They sit on horses and doze,

After all, a miracle will not look back,

Forward, after all, he is wobbling.

Ilya was Muromets,

He himself thought it over:

“As I used to drive and run over,

As soon as I snatched the little heads,

I shoved the horses off the good ones.

Now my strength is not the same,

It may have become but not the same. "

And he struck with a club and into a raw oak -

The oak has scattered but raw.

The other time I ran into a monster,

After all, he beat his riotous head -

Like sitting on horses and dozing,

Forward, a miracle does not look back,

And the horses will not stagger on good

From that heroic blow.

How Ilya drove here for the third time,

Hit him here tightly,

Hit him here hard, hard.

The monster flew back

Grabbed Ilya by the yellow curls,

He lowered it into his pocket and deep,

He drove ahead, but he drove off.

There was a horse at Svyatogor's,

After all, my legs began to buckle,

After all, he began to stumble for every one.

Yegor said nothing about that:

“And what are you, after all, a heroic horse,

The legs began to bend down,

For every place to stumble? "

And the horse spoke to him about that:

“And it's hard to carry two heroes, -

The legs began to bend down,

Stumble over every place,

How two heroes are riding here

And on my mind, on good horses. "

How did he put his hand into his pocket, after all,

As he took Ilyushenka out of his pocket,

But I began to ask him:

“What are you, a daring good fellow?

You dare to run over me now

Hit me three times. "

And Ilya says these are the words:

"Yes, I need to get to know you,

Yes, try your strength.

How fame went about you

In all lands, in all hordes,

How very you were but strong, -

Because I drove now

For you, for a good fellow. " -

“Thank you, Ilyushenka Muromets,

How did you hit, hit me after all

Three times here, three great ones, -

As if three times like a mosquito bit, -

But thank you for that, after all,

You met me after all.

Be your little brother to me,

I'll be a big brother too.

If I hit you,

How from you alone, but after all, the ashes have become,

Your bones would fly apart. "

Let's go on the selgas, on the rafts

Tell, show residence.

They came to one place,

There is a coffin but a stone one,

The coffin is lying, and it’s arranged.

"Ay, you, Ilyusha, lie down in the coffin."

Ilya fell into this coffin, -

How Ilya's coffin won't stick,

Very wide, very long.

"But no, this is not how the coffin is arranged,

Now this one is wrong for me. "

Svyatogor says these are the words:

"Come out, Ilya, a little bit hurriedly,

And not aphids you, because the coffin is arranged,

And think, I think it will do now. "

Ilya came out of the coffin, he will recollect:

“It’s not wrong to lie down in this coffin, -

After all, you can't get out of the grave, after all. "

Yes, as soon as I lay down, after all, Svyatogor,

Yes, the coffin seems to be there.

"Cover it up, but you see the lid, -

The lid is nearby, but it’s lying. ”

How did Ilya put the lid down?

Whether it was on Svyatogor or on his something.

"How do you take off the lid after all."

Ilya began to work on the lid, after all, -

How the lid seemed to have grown here

I just couldn't, can't take the lids,

He can’t take the lids in any way.

Like that and Ilyusha Muromets

With his heroic club

Breaks this lid after all.

"How, how do you think to step out of the grave?"

Ilya struck here, but in fact with a club -

A hoop and green hoop slipped here;

He struck and once the green hoop -

There was another hoop here;

He struck the green hoop for the third time -

For the third time, let the green hoop become.

But now they sing to Yegor,

As the hoops became on the coffin.

"Take the sword and the strong,

Seki after all, seki yes these and hoops,

Yes, get me out of the grave! "

Duck takes it here, but the sword, -

Yes, his sword cannot be raised.

“But no, you, hero, Svyatogor,

I cannot put your sword from the ground,

I can't lift it from the ground now. "

"Ilya, get in, get down-tko

To the coffin, after all, to the crack,

I will sigh, yes I will add to you

Silushki in you and twice now,

How will you wield my sword. "

He clung to the crack, Ilyusha,

He sighed, then stood up with his sword,

How did he batter with a sword, after all -

They ran up and along the green hoops,

Another bump - green hoops.

Here Svyatogora of glory is sung.

“How to fall, Ilyusha, to the crack,

I will sigh - you will have all my strength ”. -

"Do not think of yours more than strength." -

“If you fell, but after all, another time,

Would sigh with a sigh yes the dead,

Would you fall asleep at the coffin after all,

How would your life end here?

How are you, Ilyushenka Muromets,

How do you tie it to an oak tree to mine?

To my great grave,

How do you tie a good horse, after all,

Tie it tightly

So that the good horse dies here too, -

No one can own a good horse,

A good horse, still heroic. "

How Ilya tied the silk

His something, after all, and a good horse -

Here is Svyatogor, here is a good horse.

Here they sing the glory of Svyatogora,

Glory is sung for centuries and for centuries,

And glory to him will not pass.

Epic: Svyatogor and Ilya Muromets

In a glorious city in Muroml,

There was Karacharovo in the village,

Ilya Muromets, a peasant son, was sitting in Sydney.

Sydnam was in prison for thirty years.

The sovereign left his father with his parent

With a mother to work for a peasant.

How did two passages come

It’s sloppy under that window,

They say the kaliki are:

“Oh, you, Ilya Muromets, peasant son!

Open the wide gates to the gates

Let the Kalik into your house. "

The answer is given by Ilya Muromets:

“Oh, you, kalyki perekhozhi!

I cannot open the wide gates

Sydnam has been sitting for thirty years.

I don’t hold hands, nor legs. "

Again they say the kaliki are transitional;

"Put it up, Ilya, on your fast legs,

Open the wide gate

Let the Kalik into your house. "

Ilya put on brisk legs,

Opened the wide gates

And he let the Kalik into his house.

Passing kaliki came,

They lay the cross according to what was written,

The bow is taught in a learned way,

Pour a glass of honey drink,

They bring something to Ilya Muromets.

As the honeypago drink drank a charm,

Heroic his heart flared up,

His white body was sweating.

These are the words that the Kaliki will recite:

"What do you feel in yourself, Ilya?"

Ilya beat his forehead, Kalik congratulated:

"I hear a great power in me."

They say kaliki perehozhi:

"You will, Ilya, the great hero,

And death is not written to you in battle:

Fight-arm with every hero

And with all the scabbard;

And do not go out to fight with Svyatogor the bogatyr so much:

It and the earth on itself through the force wears;

Do not go to fight with Samson the hero:

He has seven angelic hairs on his head;

Do not fight with the Mikulov family:

Mother of cheese-earth loves him;

Don't go to Volga Seslavich again:

He will not take by force, so by cunning-wisdom.

Get it out, Ilya, sobe a mighty horse,

Come out in the open space, a clear field,

Buy the first stallion

Make him a log house for three months,

Feed him with millet beloyarov,

And it will take three months,

Take care of the stallion in the garden for three nights

And roll the stallion into three dews,

Bring him to the tynu to the high one:

How will the stallion jump over the tyn,

And in that direction, and in the other direction,

Ride it wherever you want

Will carry you. "

Here the kaliki got lost.

Ilya went to his parent to the father

For that work for the peasant,

It is necessary to clear it from the oak-well:

He cut it all down,

I unloaded it into the deep river,

And he went home.

Father and mother got out of a sound sleep

They were frightened: “What kind of miracle happened?

Who would have worked for us this job? "

The work was done, and they went home.

When they came home, they see:

Ilya Muromets walks around the hut.

They began to ask him how he recovered.

Ilya and told them

How came the passive kaliki,

They gave him a drink of honey:

And from that he began to own the arms and legs,

And I got a great power.

Ilya went to a expanse of open field,

He sees: a peasant is leading an unwise stallion,

Burago stallion shaggy.

Ilya bought the same colt,

What the peasant asked for, he gave;

I made a stallion in a log house for three months,

I fed him with Beloyarov millet,

I gave him fresh spring water;

And the time has passed three months,

Ilya became a stallion for three nights in the garden;

Roll it out into three dews,

Brought to the tynu to the high,

And Burushko began to jump over the tyn,

And in that direction, and in the other direction.

Here Ilya Muromets saddled a good horse, bridled,

I took from the father, from the mother forgiveness-blessing

Ilya ran into a white-canvas tent in an open field,

There is a tent under a great raw oak tree,

And in that tent there is a big heroic bed:

A valley bed ten fathoms,

The bed is six fathoms wide.

Ilya tied a good horse to an oak cheese,

He lay down on that heroic bed and fell asleep.

And the heroic dream is strong:

For three days and three nights.

On the third day, the good horse heard him

Great noise from under the severny side:

The mother of the cheese earth is wobbling

Dark woods stagger

Rivers pour out of steep banks.

The good horse beats the ground with its hoof,

Can't wake up Ilya Muromets.

The horse spoke with human language:

“Ay yase you, Ilya Muromets!

Sleep yourself, enjoy yourself

You don’t know how to feel good about yourself:

Svyatogor the Bogatyr is on his way to the tent.

You bring me down into the open field,

And climb the sura oak yourself. "

Ilya put on brisk legs,

He lowered his horse into a clear field,

And he himself stood in a damp oak.

He sees: the hero is riding above the standing forest,

Head rests under a cloud walking,

A crystal box is carried on the shoulders.

The hero came to the oak cheese,

He took off the crystal box from his shoulders,

He opened the chest with a golden key:

It turns out that only a heroic wife.

Such a beauty in this world

not seen or heard:

She is tall, her gait is delicate

Eyes of a clear falcon, eyebrows of a black sable,

The body is white from the dress.

How I got out of that casket

Got it on the table, put the tablecloths on the tablecloths,

She put sugar food on the table,

She took out a honey drink from the casket.

Dined Svyatogor the Bogatyr

And he went with his wife to the tent to chill out,

In different fun to be engaged.

Then the hero fell asleep.

And his beautiful wife is heroic

I went for a walk in a clean field

And I looked out for Ilya in a raw oak tree.

She says these are the words:

“Oh, you, stout kind fellow!

Get off the oak cheese

Come down, make love to me,

If you disobey

I will wake up Svyatogor the hero and tell him,

That you forced me into sin. "

Ilya has nothing to do:

One cannot cope with a woman, and one cannot cope with Svyatogor;

He peeled off that oak cheese

And he did the deed.

Took him a beauty, a heroic wife,

I put it in my husband's deep pocket

And she woke her husband from a sound sleep.

Svyatogor the hero woke up,

I put my wife in a crystal box,

Locked with a golden key

He got on a good horse and rode to the Holy Mountains.

His good horse began to stumble,

And the hero beat him with a silk whip

Over fat thighs

And the horse will speak in human language:

“I drove ahead of the hero and the heroic wife,

And I'm taking a heroic wife and two heroes:

Divya poke me around! "

And pulled out Svyatogor the hero Ilya Muromets

Out of his pocket, and began to question him,

Who he is and how he got into his deep pocket.

Ilya told him everything in truth in truth.

Then Svyatogor killed his heroic wife,

And Ilya exchanged a cross

And he called him a younger brother.

Svyatogor Ilya learned all the tricks,

Heroic trips,

And they went to the Siver Mountains,

And they drove along the road to the great coffin,

On that coffin, the signature is signed:

"Whoever is destined to lie in a coffin will lie in it."

Ilya Muromets lay down:

For him, the house is both large and wide.

Svyatogor the hero lay down:

The coffin fell over him.

The hero says these are the words:

“The coffin is definitely made about me.

Take the lid, Ilya, close me. "

Ilya Muromets answers:

“I won't take the lid, big brother,

And I will not close you:

You are joking a big joke,

I'm going to bury myself. "

The hero took the lid and closed the coffin with it himself;

Yes, how I wanted to raise it,

It cannot in any way;

He fought and tried to raise and spoke

Ilya Muromets:

“Ay little brother!

Apparently fate was looking for me

Can't lift the covers

Try to lift it up. "

Tried by Ilya Muromets

Raise the lid, but where is he!

Svyatogor the hero says:

"Take my kladenets sword and strike across the lid."

Ilya Muromets cannot even raise Svyatogorov

sword-kladenets.

Svyatogor the hero calls him:

"Lean over to the coffin, to the little crack,

I breathe on you in a heroic spirit. "

How Ilya bent

And Svyatogor the hero breathed on him

With his heroic spirit:

Ilya sensed that there was strength in him

Against the former, it has tripled,

He lifted the kladenets sword and struck across the lid.

From that great blow

Sparks fell

And where did the kladenets sword strike,

An iron strip has grown in that place.

Svyatogor the hero calls him:

“It's stuffy to me, little brother,

Try again to strike with your sword along the lid. "

Ilya Muromets hit along the lid,

And then an iron band grew.

Svyatogor the hero will speak again:

“I gasp for breath, little brother:

Lean over to the crack, I still breathe on you

And I will give you a great strength. "

Ilya Muromets answers:

“I will have strength, big brother;

Otherwise, the earth won't carry it. "

Svyatogor the hero said here:

“You did well, little brother,

That he did not listen to my last order:

I would breathe a dead spirit on you,

And you would lay dead beside me.

Now, goodbye, wield my treasured sword

And the good horse of my heroic

Tie to my coffin.

Nobody but me can control this horse. "

Then a dead spirit came out of the crack,

Ilya said goodbye to Svyatogor,

Tied his good horse to that coffin,

Svyatogorov girded a sword-kladenets

And he went to the expanse of the open field.

Epic: burial of Svyatogor

They rode here, Svyatogor and Ilya, wherever, God knows. They drove, they drove, they looked - they ran into the coffin. There is a big coffin, fit for no one. Empty stands. Svyatogor says to Ilya:

- Well, try it, lie down, is it not on you?

Ilya obeyed, lay down - exactly a small child in a coffin. The coffin is not built according to him. And Svyatogor lay down - just right for him.

Well, he tried, he wants to get up. But he can't get out of the coffin: the lid has fallen over. He says to Ilya:

- Ruby, he says, brother, with all his might.

Ilya raised his club, began to beat on the coffin: If he hits, he will jump with an iron hoop. Another time it hits, another hoop will jump. Svyatogor says:

- No, you see - I can't get out of here. And why climb!

Bylin, about how Svyatogor met Mikula Selyaninovich and could not lift his bag.

Once Svyatogor rode along the forest road and thought about the strength of his heroic: “I wish I could turn the whole land over again, put everything back in its place. Only there is nothing to take, there is no thrust at the ground. And if there was a pillar to the sky, and there was a ring on it, then I would take the ring for that, pull it, and the whole earth would turn over, would fall into its ancient place, and again peace and order would come on it ”.

Svyatogor stood by the roadside stones, and by the oaks, the age-old land to pull. He scatters stones, uproots oak trees, but the earth does not move.

Suddenly Svyatogor noticed - the traveler was walking ahead. He decided to catch up with him, let the horse go at a quiet trot, but he can still be seen in the distance. Svyatogor has already set his horse into a large trot, and the traveler must be calmly walking ahead, and the bogatyr will not catch up with him. A strange passerby disappeared around the bend in the road. Svyatogor drove the horse at a gallop, forcibly caught up with the traveler. And he was not out of breath, he still steps measuredly.

Svyatogor was surprised. He saw that the traveler was dressed like a peasant - a shirt and bast shoes, and a road raincoat was thrown over his shoulders, and a canvas purse was thrown over his shoulder. Svyatogor says:

- Be healthy, kind person. What's in your purse?

“There are you too, hero,” the passerby replies. He puts his purse on the ground next to the road and says to Svyatogor:

- But get up off the ground, so you will see.

Svyatogor got down from his horse, tried his handbag with his hand - he did not move. He grabbed it with both hands, pulled - like a glove bag lies, it won't even rise with the edge. Svyatogor gathered strength, rested his heroic back, shoulders fathoms, grabbed the purse - only he himself fell into the ground knee-deep, and the purse just lay there.

The hero rose from the ground, says:

- What is that abyss in your bag?

The traveler answers him:

- There I have an earthly craving.

Then Svyatogor realized that his heavenly power had disappeared, and the earth could not hold him on itself. Then he asked the traveler:

- Tell me, kind man, what is your name?

- My name is Mikula, I am from the villagers, from the farmers, - the traveler answers.

- You wear earthly cravings, Mikulushka Selyaninovich, but I already do not have the strength to carry human weight. How would I know my destiny?

- Ride you, hero, on the road to Kalinov bridge, - Mikula answers him, - and from the bridge turn right and gallop at full speed. You will come to the Siversky mountains. In the Siversky mountains you will find the largest oak and under that oak you will see a smithy. The blacksmith will tell you your fate.

Analysis of legends

The study of these three legends led researchers to the following conclusions:

1. The motive for raising the bag is widespread in the epics of other peoples and in legends about other heroes: Anika, Kolyvan, Volga, Samson. In Yugoslav poetry, the role of Svyatogor is played by Marko Kralevich; the same is said in the Caucasus about the sled Soslan. Suma corresponds to the stone in the epics about the Stream, which coincides with the medieval story about Alexander the Great, to whom the inhabitants of the paradise country give a pebble in tribute; this pebble, which can neither be hung nor measured, denotes in the symbolic interpretation of the Jewish sage the human eye - envy. Parallel is the ancient northern legend about the dispute between Thor and the giant.
2. Parallels on the second motive, about the unfaithful wife of Svyatogor, are indicated in the Persian collection Tuti-name, in the Tales of 1001 Nights, in Indian Buddhist tales. Perhaps this is an episode of oriental origin.
3. Legends and stories about such a coffin are known among the Ukrainians, Kashubians, Italians, Gypsies, Magyars, in Ancient Egypt.
4. The episode about the marriage of Svyatogor, known in only one visit, goes back to folk tales based on medieval tales that "God's judgment is not over" (compare the novel in "Roman Acts" translated into Russian in the 17th century). In its details - a trip to the northern sorcerer-blacksmith - this visit resembles an episode of "Kalevala". Marriage to a girl lying on pus is found in the old Russian story about Tsarevich Firgis. Despite the mass of parallels collected to illuminate the personality of Svyatogor, it remains poorly understood. The prototype of the Russian Svyatogor-strongman cannot be considered found, although many hypotheses have been proposed: Vollner compares him with Saint Christopher, according to legend, who carried Christ through the water. Zhdanov claims that the biblical Samson was the prototype of Svyatogor. Veselovsky believes that the features of Svyatogor crossed over to the epic Samson the hero. In another place, he also points to a possible source - "Alexandria", which says "about the great husband whom Alexander was surprised to see": he was lying on a high mountain 1000 steps long and 200 wide, which resembles Svyatogor's bed. Khalansky notes the similarity and influence of Russian folk epics. The name Svyatogor can be considered an epithet created at his place of residence - the Holy Mountains.
5. According to the Russian and Soviet philologist and folklorist V. Ya. Propp, Svyatogor is the embodiment of primitive power, inapplicable and therefore doomed to death.
6. In one epic Svyatogor appears as the "glorious hero" of the Chernigov prince Oleg Svyatoslavich. According to B.A.Rybakov, this epic took shape in the Chernigov environment of Oleg Svyatoslavich, but it could reflect the earlier epic legends of the beginning of the 10th century.