State system of sanitary and epidemiological
rationing Russian Federation

Federal sanitary rules, norms and hygienic
standards

2.2.4. PHYSICAL FACTORS
PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT

Hygienic requirements for microclimate
production premises

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96

Ministry of Health of Russia

Moscow 1997

1 . Developed by: Research Institute of Occupational Medicine of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (Afanasyeva R.F., Repin G.N., Mikhailova N.S., Bessonova N.A., Burmistrova O.V., Losik T.K.); Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene named after. F.F. Erisman (Ustyushin B.V.); with the participation of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Sinitsina E.V., Chaschin V.P.); State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of Russia (Lytkin B.G., Kucherenko A.I.).

2 . Approved and put into effect by Resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia dated October 1, 1996, No. 21.

3 . Introduced to replace the “Sanitary Standards for the Microclimate of Industrial Premises” approved by the USSR Ministry of Health dated March 31, 1986, No. 4088-86.

Law of the RSFSR “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population”

“Sanitary rules, norms and hygienic standards (hereinafter referred to as sanitary rules) - regulations, establishing criteria for the safety and (or) harmlessness of environmental factors for humans and requirements for ensuring favorable conditions for their life.

Sanitary rules must be followed by everyone government agencies and public associations, enterprises and other economic entities, organizations and institutions, regardless of their subordination and forms of ownership, officials and citizens” (Article 3).

“A sanitary offense is an unlawful, guilty (intentional or careless) act (action or inaction) that infringes on the rights of citizens and the interests of society, associated with non-compliance with the sanitary legislation of the RSFSR, including the current sanitary rules¼

Officials and citizens of the RSFSR who commit a sanitary offense may be brought to disciplinary, administrative and criminal liability” (Article 27).

APPROVED

Date of introduction: from the moment of approval

2.2.4 . PHYSICAL FACTORS
PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT

Hygienic requirements for microclimate
production premises

Hygienic requirements to occupational microclimate

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96

1. General provisions and scope

1.1 . These Sanitary Rules and Standards (hereinafter referred to as the Sanitary Rules) are intended to prevent the adverse effects of the microclimate of workplaces and industrial premises on the well-being, functional state, performance and health of a person.

1.2 . These Sanitary Rules apply to microclimate indicators in workplaces of all types of industrial premises and are mandatory for all enterprises and organizations. References to the obligation to comply with the requirements of these sanitary rules must be included in regulatory and technical documents: standards, building codes and regulations, technical specifications and other regulatory and technical documents regulating the operational characteristics of production facilities, technological, engineering and sanitary equipment that ensure the provision of hygienic microclimate standards.

1.3 . In accordance with Articles 9 and 34 of the RSFSR Law “On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population,” organizations must exercise production control over compliance with the requirements of the Sanitary Rules and carry out preventive measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of diseases of workers in production premises, as well as monitoring compliance with working conditions and rest and implementation of collective and personal protection working from the adverse effects of the microclimate.

1.4 . Heads of enterprises, organizations and institutions, regardless of their form of ownership and subordination, in order to ensure production control, are obliged to bring workplaces into compliance with the microclimate requirements provided for by these Sanitary Rules.

1.5 . State sanitary and epidemiological supervision and control over the implementation of these Sanitary Rules is carried out by bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation, and departmental sanitary and epidemiological supervision and control is carried out by bodies and institutions of the sanitary and epidemiological profile of the relevant ministries and departments.

1.6 . State sanitary and epidemiological supervision over the construction of new and reconstruction of existing production facilities is carried out at the stages of project development and commissioning of facilities, taking into account the nature technological process and compliance of engineering and sanitary equipment with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules and Building Codes and Rules “Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning”.

1.7 . Project documentation for the construction and reconstruction of production premises must be agreed with the bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Russia.

1.8 . The commissioning of production premises in order to assess the compliance of the hygienic parameters of the microclimate with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules must be carried out with the mandatory participation of representatives of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation.

2. Normative references

2.1 . Law of the RSFSR “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population.”

2.2 . Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standards, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 5, 1994, No. 625.

2.3 . Guide “General requirements for the construction, presentation and execution of sanitary-hygienic and epidemiological regulatory and methodological documents” dated February 9, 1994 R 1.1.004-94.

3. Terms and definitions

3.1 . Production premises- confined spaces in specially designed buildings and structures in which work is carried out constantly (in shifts) or periodically (during the working day) work activity of people.

3.2 . Working place- an area of ​​the premises in which labor activity is carried out during a work shift or part of it. A workplace can be several areas of a production facility. If these areas are located throughout the room, then the entire area of ​​the room is considered a workplace.

3.3 . Cold period of the year - a period of the year characterized by an average daily outdoor temperature of +10 °C and below.

3.4 . Warm period of the year- a period of the year characterized by an average daily outdoor temperature above +10 °C.

3. 5 . Average daily temperature outdoor air - average value outside air temperature measured at certain times of the day at regular intervals. It is taken according to the meteorological service.

3.6 . Demarcation works By categories is carried out on the basis of the intensity of the body’s total energy expenditure in kcal/h (W). Characteristics of individual categories of work ( I a, Ib, II a, II b, III ) is presented in the appendix .

3.7 environment (TNS) - the combined effect on the human body of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air speed, thermal radiation), expressed as a single-digit indicator in °C.

4. General requirements and microclimate indicators

4.1 . Sanitary rules establish hygienic requirements for microclimate indicators of workplaces of industrial premises, taking into account the intensity of energy consumption of workers, time of work, periods of the year and contain requirements for methods of measuring and monitoring microclimatic conditions.

4.2 . Microclimate indicators must ensure the preservation of the thermal balance of a person with the environment and the maintenance of an optimal or acceptable thermal state of the body.

4.3 . Indicators characterizing the microclimate in production premises are:

· air temperature;

· surface temperature*;

· relative air humidity;

· air speed;

· intensity of thermal radiation.

* The temperature of the surfaces of enclosing structures (walls, ceilings, floors), devices (screens, etc.), as well as technological equipment or enclosing devices is taken into account.

5. Optimal microclimate conditions

5.1 . Optimal microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria of the optimal thermal and functional state of a person. They provide a general and local feeling of thermal comfort during an 8-hour work shift with minimal stress on the thermoregulation mechanisms, do not cause deviations in health, and create the prerequisites for high level performance and are preferred in the workplace.

5.2 . Optimal values ​​of microclimate indicators must be observed at workplaces of industrial premises where operator-type work associated with nervous and emotional stress is performed (in cabins, at consoles and control stations for technological processes, in computer rooms, etc.). The list of other workplaces and types of work in which optimal microclimate values ​​must be ensured is determined by the Sanitary Rules for individual industries and other documents agreed upon with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision authorities in the prescribed manner.

5.3 . The optimal microclimate parameters at workplaces should correspond to the values ​​given in table. , in relation to the performance of work of various categories in the cold and warm periods of the year.

5.4 . Changes in air temperature in height and horizontally, as well as changes in air temperature during a shift, while ensuring optimal microclimate values ​​in the workplace, should not exceed 2 °C and go beyond the values ​​​​specified in the table. for certain categories of work.

Table 1

Optimal values ​​of microclimate indicators in industrial workplaces

		Air temperature, ° WITH	Surface temperature ° WITH	Relative humidity, %	Air speed, m/s
Cold
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (over 290)
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (over 290)						Air temperature, ° WITH		Surface temperature ° WITH	Relative humidity , %	Air speed, m/s
range below optimal values	range above optimal values	for a range of air temperatures below optimal values , no more	for a range of air temperatures above optimal values , no more**
Cold		20,0 - 21, 9				0, 1
	Ib (140 - 174)		23,1 - 24, 0
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)	15,0 - 16, 9
	III (over 290)						0, 4
		21, 0 - 22,9	25, 1 - 28,0
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)	18,0 - 19, 9	22,1 - 27, 0
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (over 290)

*At temperatures air 25 ° WITH And higher maximum quantities relative humidity air must accepted V compliance With requirements P. .

** At temperatures air 26 - 28 ° WITH speed movement air V warm period of the year must accepted V compliance With requirements P. .

6.4 . When ensuring acceptable microclimate values ​​at workplaces:

· The air temperature difference in height should be no more than 3° WITH ;

· horizontal air temperature difference, and its changes during the shift should not exceed:

In this case, the absolute values ​​of the air temperature should not go beyond the values ​​​​indicated in the table. for certain categories of work.

Number of measuring sites

From 100 to 400

The number of sections is determined by the distance between them, which should not exceed 10 m.

measurement range

Maximum deviation

Dry bulb air temperature, °C

from -30 to 50

± 0, 2

Wet bulb air temperature, ° WITH

± 0,2

Surface temperature ° WITH

± 0,5

Relative humidity, %

± 5,0

Air speed, m/s

± 0, 05

± 0,1

Thermal irradiation intensity, W/m2

from 10 to 350

± 5,0

± 50,0

7.14 . Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to draw up a protocol, which should reflect general information O production facility, placement of technological and sanitary equipment, sources of heat, cooling and moisture release, a diagram of the location of areas for measuring microclimate parameters and other data are given.

7.15 . At the conclusion of the protocol, the results of the measurements performed must be assessed for compliance with regulatory requirements.

Annex 1
(informative)

Characteristics of individual categories of work

1 . Categories of work are differentiated based on the intensity of the body's energy expenditure in kcal/h (W).

2. To category I and includes work with an intensity of energy consumption of up to 120 kcal/h (up to 139 W), performed while sitting and accompanied by minor physical stress (a number of professions in precision instrumentation and mechanical engineering enterprises, in watchmaking, clothing production, in the field of management, etc.) .

3. To category I b includes work with an energy intensity of 121 - 150 kcal/h (140 - 174 W), performed while sitting, standing or associated with walking and accompanied by some physical stress (a number of professions in the printing industry, at communications enterprises, controllers, craftsmen in various types production, etc.).

4 . To category II and includes work with an energy intensity of 151 - 200 kcal/h (175 - 232 W), associated with constant walking, moving small (up to 1 kg) products or objects in a standing or sitting position and requiring a certain physical stress (a number of professions in mechanical assembly shops machine-building enterprises, in spinning and weaving production, etc.).

5 . To category II b includes work with an energy intensity of 201 - 250 kcal/h (233 - 290 W), associated with walking, moving and carrying weights up to 10 kg and accompanied by moderate physical stress (a number of professions in mechanized foundries, rolling, forging, thermal, welding shops machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

6. To category III include work with an intensity of energy consumption of more than 250 kcal/h (more than 290 W), associated with constant movement, movement and carrying of significant (over 10 kg) weights and requiring great physical effort (a number of professions in forge shops with manual forging, foundries with manual stuffing and filling of flasks of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Determination of the thermal load index of the environment (TNS index)

1 . The environmental heat load index (THI) is an empirical indicator characterizing the combined effect of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air speed and thermal radiation) on the human body.

2 . The THC index is determined based on the wet-bulb temperature of an aspiration psychrometer ( t ow ) and temperature inside the black ball ( t w).

3 . The temperature inside the blackened ball is measured by a thermometer, the reservoir of which is placed in the center of the blackened hollow ball; t w reflects the influence of air temperature, surface temperature and air speed. The blackened ball must have a diameter of 90 mm, the minimum possible thickness and an absorption coefficient of 0.95. Accuracy of temperature measurement inside the ball± 0.5 °C.

4 . The TNS index is calculated using the equation:

5 . The THC index is recommended to be used for an integral assessment of the thermal load of the environment in workplaces where the air speed does not exceed 0.6 m/s and the intensity of thermal radiation is 1200 W/m2.

6 . The method for measuring and monitoring the THC index is similar to the method for measuring and monitoring air temperature (pp. - of these Sanitary Rules).

7 . The values ​​of the THC index should not go beyond the values ​​recommended in the table. .

	The values ​​of the integral indicator, ° WITH
Ib (140 - 174)
IIa (175 - 232)
IIb (233 - 290)	19,5 - 23, 9
III (over 290)	18,0 - 21, 8

Operating time at temperature TThe air level in the workplace is higher or lower than permissible values

1 . In order to protect workers from possible overheating or cooling, when the air temperature in the workplace is higher or lower than permissible values, the time spent at the workplace (continuously or cumulatively for a work shift) should be limited to the values ​​​​specified in Table. and table of this application. At the same time, the average shift air temperature at which workers are located during a work shift at workplaces and rest areas should not go beyond the permissible air temperature values ​​for the corresponding categories of work indicated in Table. 1

5, 5

Medium shift air temperature ( t in ) calculated by the formula:

Where

t in1, t in2, … t in n - air temperature (°C) in the relevant areas of the workplace;

τ 1, τ 2, …, τ n - time (hours) for performing work in the relevant areas of the workplace;

8 - duration of the work shift (hours).

Other indicators of the microclimate (relative air humidity, air speed, surface temperature, intensity of thermal radiation) at workplaces must be within the permissible values ​​of these Sanitary Rules.

Bibliographic data

1 . Management R 2.2.4/2.1.8. Hygienic assessment and control of physical factors of production and environment(under approval).

2 SNiP 2.01.01 . "Building climatology and geophysics."

3 . Guidelines“Assessment of a person’s thermal state in order to substantiate hygienic requirements for the microclimate of workplaces and measures to prevent cooling and overheating” No. 5168-90 dated 03/05/90. In: Hygienic principles for preventing the adverse effects of industrial microclimate on the human body. V. 43, M. 1991, p. 192 - 211.

4 . Manual P 2.2.013-94. Occupational hygiene. Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger of factors in the working environment, severity and intensity of the labor process. Goskomsanepidnadzor of Russia, M., 1994, 42 p.

5 . GOST 12.1.005-88 “General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air in the working area.”

6 . Building regulations. SNiP 2.04.05-91 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning."

The right of workers to work in conditions that meet labor protection requirements is established by Art. 219 Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Every employee has the right to a workplace that meets labor safety requirements. The law places the obligation to ensure safe working conditions on the employer. So, part 1 of Art. 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes that the employer is obliged to ensure the safety of workers when carrying out technological processes, as well as working conditions that comply with labor protection requirements at each workplace. According to Art. 11, 32 Federal Law of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population” all individual entrepreneurs and legal entities are obliged to comply with the requirements of sanitary legislation, carry out production control of compliance with sanitary rules when performing work, providing services, production, transportation, storage and sale of products. In addition, in the Russian Federation there are numerous sanitary rules and other by-laws that establish regulatory requirements for labor protection. The problem is that many employers do not comply with labor protection requirements, try to circumvent them or create the appearance of complying with them at minimal cost.

Temperature

One of the factors affecting an employee during work is temperature. Elevated air temperatures in the workplace adversely affect the health of workers and can even threaten their lives if the standard values ​​are significantly exceeded.

Regulatory requirements for air temperature in workplaces are established by Sanitary Rules and Norms (SanPiN) 2.2.4.548-96 “Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises” (approved by Resolution of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation dated October 1, 1996 No. 21). These sanitary rules are aimed at preventing the adverse effects of the microclimate of workplaces and industrial premises on the well-being, functional state, performance and health of a person. SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 are mandatory for all enterprises and organizations and apply to microclimate indicators in workplaces of all types of industrial premises. In this case, production premises should be understood as enclosed spaces in specially designed buildings and structures where labor activities are carried out constantly (in shifts) or periodically (during the working day). Under this definition Almost any premises where people work are suitable: from offices to production workshops. Workplace- an area of ​​the premises in which labor activity is carried out during a work shift or part of it. A workplace can be several sections of a production facility or its entire area, depending on where the work is performed.

According to clause 1.4 of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, heads of enterprises, organizations and institutions, regardless of their form of ownership and subordination, in order to ensure production control are obliged to bring workplaces into compliance with the microclimate requirements provided for by these sanitary rules.

Obviously, the concept of the microclimate of industrial premises is broader than the concept of temperature conditions. The worker may feel hot and stuffy. But besides the air temperature, other factors also influence it. The microclimate in industrial premises, in addition to air temperature, is characterized by such indicators as surface temperature; relative humidity; speed of air movement, intensity of thermal radiation. If the permissible values ​​are exceeded, all these factors create a general feeling of discomfort in the employee, leading to a decrease in performance, and a deterioration in well-being.

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 establishes optimal and permissible microclimate conditions. This takes into account the intensity of energy consumption of workers, the time of work and the period of the year.

Categories of work

All possible works in accordance with Appendix 1 to SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, they are divided into categories based on the intensity of energy expenditure of the human body, expressed in kcal/h (W).

Category Ia includes work with an energy intensity of up to 120 kcal/h (up to 139 W), performed while sitting and accompanied by minor physical stress (a number of professions in precision instrumentation and mechanical engineering enterprises, in watchmaking, sewing production, in the field of management, etc. .).

Category Ib includes work with an energy intensity of 121 - 150 kcal/h (140 - 174 W), performed while sitting, standing or associated with walking and accompanied by some physical stress (a number of professions in the printing industry, at communications enterprises, controllers, craftsmen in various types of production, etc.).

Category IIa includes work with an energy intensity of 151 - 200 kcal/h (175 - 232 W), associated with constant walking, moving small (up to 1 kg) products or objects in a standing or sitting position and requiring a certain physical stress (a number of professions in mechanical assembly workshops of machine-building enterprises, in spinning and weaving production, etc.).

Category IIb includes work with an energy intensity of 201 - 250 kcal/h (233 - 290 W), associated with walking, moving and carrying weights up to 10 kg, accompanied by moderate physical stress (a number of professions in mechanized foundries, rolling, forging, thermal, welding shops machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Category III includes work with an energy intensity of more than 250 kcal/h (more than 290 W), associated with constant movement, movement and carrying of significant (over 10 kg) weights and requiring great physical effort (a number of professions in forge shops with hand forging, foundries With hand-stuffed and pouring flasks at machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Seasonal factor

Cold and warm periods of the year, according to paragraphs. 3.3, 3.4 SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, are characterized by an average daily outdoor temperature of +10 and below (cold period) and above +10 (warm period).

Optimal microclimate conditions are established according to the criteria of the optimal thermal and functional state of a person and provide a general and local feeling of thermal comfort during an 8-hour work shift with minimal stress on human thermoregulation mechanisms, do not cause deviations in health, and create the prerequisites for high performance. Such microclimate conditions are naturally most preferable in workplaces. This is exactly the microclimate that exists in the workplaces of top managers and senior executives.

For the warm period of the year, SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 establishes the following optimal air temperature indicators depending on the category of work in terms of energy consumption:

Ia – 23 – 25

Ib – 22 – 24

IIa - 20 - 22

IIb — 19 — 21

III – 18 – 20

When, due to technological requirements, technical and economically justified reasons, optimal working conditions cannot be ensured, SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 establishes acceptable microclimate conditions. Acceptable microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria for the permissible thermal and functional state of a person for the period of an 8-hour work shift. Acceptable microclimate conditions do not cause damage or impairment of health, but can lead to general and local sensations of thermal discomfort, strain on thermoregulation mechanisms, deterioration of well-being and decreased performance.

For the warm period of the year, depending on the category of work, the following permissible air temperature values ​​are established in the range above the optimal values:

Ia - 25.1 - 28

Ib - 24.1 - 28

IIa - 22.1 - 27

IIb - 21.1 - 27

III - 20.1 - 26

If the air temperature in the workplace exceeds these indicators during the warm period of the year, there is a fact of non-compliance of working conditions with labor protection requirements and, consequently, a violation by the employer of labor protection requirements.

Harmful and dangerous working conditions

In some industries, there are certain types of production where it is impossible to establish acceptable microclimate conditions due to technological requirements for production process or economically justified inexpediency (for example, metallurgical, pulp and paper production, etc.). It is obvious that it is impossible to equip a blast furnace with air conditioners in order to achieve acceptable air temperatures. The microclimate in such industries will always be unfavorable. In such production premises, working conditions should be considered harmful and dangerous. In order to prevent the adverse effects of the microclimate on workers, the employer, in accordance with clause 6.10 of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, is obliged to use protective measures, such as: the use of local air conditioning systems; air showering; compensation for the adverse effects of increased air temperature by changing other microclimate indicators; issuing appropriate protective clothing and other personal protective equipment to employees; changes in the regulation of working hours, including the establishment of breaks in work, shortening the working day, increasing the duration of vacation, etc.

Appendix 3 to SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 establishes restrictions on the time workers spend at work in the event of air temperature deviations from acceptable standard values, depending on the category of work. Thus, at an air temperature of 32.5 and work categories Ia, Ib, workers can stay at the workplace for no more than 1 hour (continuously or in total for a work shift); workers whose work falls into categories IIa, IIb can stay at the workplace for 1 hour at an air temperature of 31.5; and in category III jobs, workers can work no more than 1 hour at an air temperature of 30.5. Consequently, when the air temperature exceeds the specified values, it is at least unsafe to work even for the shortest time; work in such conditions is not at all provided for by sanitary rules. Unfortunately, this Appendix is ​​advisory in nature and does not oblige employers to strictly comply with it. However, his recommendations are quite reasonable, and if an employer who does not provide acceptable microclimate conditions in the workplace does not want to comply with the recommendations, then he must take other measures to protect workers from the adverse effects of high air temperatures and other microclimate factors. The employer can increase the duration of the lunch break to two hours (Article 128 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), because in the vast majority of organizations it is one hour; introduce additional breaks at their enterprises and organizations; shorten the working day. According to Part 1 of Art. 109 Labor Code of the Russian Federation on certain types work provides for the provision of special breaks to employees during working hours, determined by the technology and organization of production and labor. The types of these works, the duration and procedure for providing such breaks are established by the internal labor regulations. The employer, taking into account the opinion of the trade union body, can make appropriate provisions to these rules and establish additional breaks. Also, no one prevents employers from measuring the air temperature in the workplace and issuing an order to reduce the working day based on SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96. Thus, there are still opportunities to protect workers from the adverse effects of heat.

It should be noted that for violation of legislation in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, expressed in violation of current sanitary rules and hygienic standards, failure to comply with sanitary, hygienic and anti-epidemic measures, administrative liability is provided (Article 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation). This offense entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of 100 to 500 rubles; for officials - from 500 to 1000 rubles; on persons carrying out entrepreneurial activity without forming a legal entity - from 500 to 1000 rubles. or administrative suspension of activities for up to 90 days; on legal entities— from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles. or administrative suspension of activities for up to 90 days.

How to influence an employer

Eliminating the adverse effects of elevated air temperatures on workers and creating acceptable (even more so optimal) microclimate conditions in industrial premises is not a cheap matter and requires significant financial costs from the employer. For this reason, many employers neglect sanitary rules and do not create proper working conditions (and some do this simply because they do not care about employees). And workers themselves often contribute to the emergence of such situations, being afraid to tell management about unbearable conditions in the workplace or violations of labor safety rules. (Apparently, this is how most Russian workers work: first we lose our health while earning money, and then we lose money trying to restore our health...)

However, if the employer does not provide acceptable microclimate conditions, employees have many opportunities to influence this unscrupulous employer and protect your right to work in healthy and safe conditions.

Article 45 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation states: “Everyone has the right to defend their rights and freedoms by all means not prohibited by law.” An employee has the right to protect his labor rights, freedoms and legitimate interests by all means not prohibited by law (Part 1 of Article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). This method is directly provided for by labor legislation - this is self-defense by the employee labor rights.

In accordance with Art. 379 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, for the purpose of self-defense of labor rights, an employee, having notified the employer or his immediate supervisor or other representative of the employer in writing, may refuse to perform work that directly threatens his life and health, except for cases provided for by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and others federal laws. (For example, according to Article 4 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, an employee will not be able to refuse work performed under emergency circumstances, that is, in the event of a disaster or threat of disaster - fires, floods, famine, earthquakes, epidemics or epizootics, and in other cases that put threat to the life or normal living conditions of the entire population or part of it.) In addition, Part 1 of Art. 219 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation directly provides for the right of an employee to refuse to perform work if a danger to his life and health arises due to violation of labor protection requirements (except for cases provided for by federal laws), until such danger is eliminated. During the period of refusal of such work, the employee retains all rights provided for by labor legislation and other acts containing labor law norms. And the employer or his representatives do not have the right to prevent employees from exercising self-defense of labor rights (Article 180 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

If an employee refuses to perform work in the event of a danger to his life and health, the employer is obliged to provide him with another job while the danger is eliminated (Part 4 of Article 220 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). If providing another job is impossible, the employer, in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, is obliged to pay the employee for downtime caused by a lawful refusal to perform work in the amount of at least 2/3 of the employee’s average earnings. This is due to the fact that, in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the responsibilities for ensuring safe conditions and labor protection are assigned to the employer, and downtime caused by failure to fulfill these obligations is considered as downtime due to his fault.

To force the employer to ensure acceptable temperature conditions in the workplace, employees can use the following algorithm of actions. (These actions will have the greatest effect if all workers working in unfavorable conditions, or most of them, stand up to defend their rights - collective action is always more effective.)

First of all, workers need to jointly measure the air temperature in their workplaces. To do this, you can use a regular household thermometer. To avoid errors (if the thermometer is of poor quality or faulty), you can use several different thermometers.

The obtained air temperature values ​​are compared with the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96. If the air temperature exceeds the permissible standard values, then the working conditions pose a threat to the health and life of workers, and they have the right to refuse work until the employer eliminates this danger.

Next, the obtained air temperature values ​​must be recorded by drawing up an appropriate report. The act must be drawn up in duplicate and signed by at least three workers, but it will be better if it is signed by all workers who observed the temperature measurement. For the contents of the act, see Appendix 1.

One copy of the act must be handed to the immediate supervisor or other representative of the employer and required that he put his signature, date, and time of acceptance of the copy of the act on the second copy, which remains with the employees. If the employer’s representative refuses to accept the document or make a note of acceptance, you can hand it to him in the presence of at least two (and preferably as many as possible) witnesses. In such a situation, it is a good idea to record the moment of delivery of a copy of the act on video, if this is not prohibited by the rules established in the organization.

Then each of the employees, in accordance with the requirements of Art. 379 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, must notify the employer of his refusal to work. This can be done by issuing an appropriate notification (see Appendix 2).

The notification is drawn up by each employee in two copies, one of which, with a copy of the Act attached to it, is given to the employer’s representative, and the second, with the employer’s representative’s mark of receipt, remains with the employee.

During the period of refusal to work, the employee may be absent from the workplace. After the employer notifies that the danger to the employee’s health has been eliminated, the latter is obliged to begin work again.

Annex 1

Act on identifying violations of labor protection requirements

Date, place of drawing up the act (it is enough to indicate the name of the city where the organization is located)

We, the undersigned _______________ (the full names of the employees are listed), have drawn up this Act stating that _______________2011 at ___ hours ___ minutes. (date and time of temperature measurement) at the workplace ______________________________

(the workplace is specified by indicating its location - organization, workshop, site, room - and the name of the position of the employee who works there) the air temperature was ____ o C.

____________/_____________/ “___” ____________2011

____________/_____________/ “___” ____________2011

(employee signatures with transcript of signature and date)

Appendix 2

To the head of the workshop (department, section, etc.) _______________________

from _______________________ (full name, employee position)

Notification

I hereby notify you that the air temperature at my workplace exceeds the permissible values ​​​​established by SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, approved. Resolution of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation dated October 1, 1996 No. 21.

In this regard, guided by Art. Art. 21, 219, 220, 379 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, I refuse to perform work in conditions that threaten my health until this danger is eliminated. Ready to begin work again after receiving written notification that the hazard has been eliminated.

According to Art. 157, 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, I ask you to pay for the downtime that arose in connection with my refusal to perform work due to the employer’s failure to comply with labor safety requirements in the amount of at least 2/3 of my average earnings.

Attachment: copy of the Act dated _________2011.

“___” __________2011 ________/_________/ (date, signature with transcript)

According to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer must provide his subordinates not only with safety, but also with conditions under which labor safety standards are observed. In particular, temperature standards in the workplace, adopted at the state level. Articles 209 and 212 of the Labor Code regulate the requirements for activities that create appropriate sanitary and hygienic conditions.

What does the law say?

It should be especially highlighted which relate to humidity and temperature of industrial and office premises. All necessary figures are contained in SanPiN 2.2.4.548962. This is the main document, according to which normal working conditions must be ensured, in particular, humidity conditions, temperature standards in the room and other important factors.

Increased ambient air temperature can be considered one of the most powerful factors inhibiting performance. The mentioned sanitary standards determine that the room temperature is summer period should not be higher than 25 °C. Relative humidity does not have the right to fall below 40%. It is with these values ​​that the necessary thermal comfort can be ensured throughout the entire working day or shift.

Compliance with these conditions does not lead to deviations in the well-being of workers and creates the necessary conditions for normal work. Ensuring an optimal microclimate in production premises in mandatory requires the employer to equip the workshop or office with heating, as well as ventilation and air conditioning systems.

Don't break the law!

The absence or malfunction of any of the listed systems leads to an unacceptable temperature rise and poses a threat to the health of workers. This in itself is a violation of the law.

In this case, employees are divided into categories. For example, sanitary standards for office employees are classified as Category A. If the temperature in the workplace exceeds certain numbers, they have the right to have their working hours reduced for periods that will be described below.

The required microclimate indicators are given in section seven of SanPiN. Temperatures in the workplace that do not meet standards may result in a legal reduction in working hours. In this case, the employer is required to organize a commission whose task is to measure it in the premises.

What then?

The results of such an examination are documented in a protocol. It presents the data obtained and compares it with the normative ones. The working day is shortened on the basis of an order in accordance with the requirements given in SanPiN. The document must contain a link to the protocol with temperature measurement data.

This is done to protect employees from possible health damage due to cooling or overheating. It should be borne in mind that from a legal point of view it is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of time spent at one’s workplace and the duration of a shift or working day.

As the mentioned SanPiN states, the temperature in the workplace must be such that the presence of people in production conditions is brought into compliance with hygienic requirements. In doing so, they rely on Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

What can you do

As ways to solve this problem, one should consider additional breaks, earlier leaving of employees at home, transferring them to other workplaces, and equipping special rest rooms.

If the employer refuses to comply with these requirements, he can be charged with two offenses simultaneously. It's about, firstly, about violation of sanitary rules (temperature standards in production do not correspond to standard indicators). Secondly, labor legislation is directly ignored, since people work in conditions that are not suitable for this.

If the employer fails to act in this situation and refuses to provide employees with other work in unfavorable conditions, the duration is equivalent to a daily working day (shift). That is, we can talk about overtime for employees at the initiative of the employer with all the ensuing legal and financial consequences.

How to take care of yourself

What can ordinary employees do to normalize the situation in ensuring their own rights to safe and comfortable working conditions? In cases where temperature standards in the workplace are not observed, they are advised to file complaints simultaneously with the bodies of Rospotrebnadzor and the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. In such cases, a fine is imposed on legal entities, the amount of which is on the same level as the costs required to equip workplaces with fans and air conditioners.

As you know, our people are used to working in any conditions. It is sometimes surprising to what extent workplace norms can be violated. People have to work, chattering their teeth from the cold or literally suffocating due to the unbearable heat. This also applies to knowledge workers who spend their days in a “civilized” office. The labor process in such unsuitable conditions has become so commonplace that people no longer even think about violating their legal rights.

Temperature standards in the workplace

Of course, both jobs and activities can vary greatly. A bank employee is in one set of conditions, a loader or crane operator is in completely different conditions. Standards have been developed for each individual profession in this regard.

Any type of work belongs to one of the existing categories, for which the necessary microclimatic conditions and permissible temperature range are prescribed. Unfortunately, it is unrealistic to consider all of them in one article. Therefore, we will focus on the working conditions of office workers.

What should we know?

Perhaps for someone this information will be heard for the first time. Did you know that if you are forced to work at a temperature that does not meet established standards, then you have every right reduce your working hours?

Probably, many, after reading these lines, will only grin. Anyone in our country knows what it is like to seek the rule of law and justice, including in the workplace. But nevertheless, possession of this information will allow necessary cases“pump up your rights”, seeking the opportunity to ask to go home early or even raise the issue of paying overtime to the employer, if it is impossible to force him to comply with temperature standards in the office workplace.

In any organization there will always be an active “backbone” of workers who will seek justice by writing complaints and putting all kinds of pressure on management. We hope this information will help them in this matter.

Let's arm ourselves with a thermometer

So, let's measure the temperature at our workplace. It should not be more than 23-25 ​​°C. We're talking about summer work. If it is winter outside, these numbers range from 22 to 24 °. In this case, the thermometer readings must be linked to air humidity, the permissible values ​​of which are from 40 to 60%.

Of course, the temperature may deviate from the required one by a certain acceptable amount, which is 1 or 2 degrees, but no more. Throughout the working day, the temperature change should not be more than 4 degrees.

If these conditions are met, you are required to work a full 8 hours in the office. If the temperature during the day reached 29 °C (that is, exceeded the maximum permissible by 4 °C), your demand to be allowed to leave work exactly an hour earlier would be completely legal.

In 30-degree heat, you have the right to work no more than 6 hours. If the thermometer exceeds 32.5 °C, theoretically you have the right to work for no more than an hour.

If it's cold outside

The situation is similar with work on cold winter days. If the thermometer shows only 19 degrees Celsius, the duration of the working day is 7 hours, at 18 degrees - 6. In this case, an accurate temperature measurement is made at a height of about a meter from the floor.

The question is: will such scrupulous measurements, coupled with the requirements for the employer to strictly comply with the rules and regulations, bring practical benefit? The fact is that it will most likely be more profitable for the latter to spend money once on installing an air conditioner or heater instead of regularly paying fines for violations with the attendant hassle.

So if you appreciate own health, do not be afraid of the authorities. Your goal is to ensure that they are respected. If you have the information contained in the legislative documents designed to protect the ordinary employee, and show the proper persistence, it is quite possible to achieve justice.

State system of sanitary and epidemiological
rationing of the Russian Federation

Federal sanitary rules, norms and hygienic
standards

2.2.4. PHYSICAL FACTORS
PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT

Hygienic requirements for microclimate
production premises

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96

Ministry of Health of Russia

Moscow 1997

1 . Developed by: Research Institute of Occupational Medicine of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (Afanasyeva R.F., Repin G.N., Mikhailova N.S., Bessonova N.A., Burmistrova O.V., Losik T.K.); Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene named after. F.F. Erisman (Ustyushin B.V.); with the participation of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Sinitsina E.V., Chaschin V.P.); State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of Russia (Lytkin B.G., Kucherenko A.I.).

2 . Approved and put into effect by Resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia dated October 1, 1996, No. 21.

3 . Introduced to replace the “Sanitary Standards for the Microclimate of Industrial Premises” approved by the USSR Ministry of Health dated March 31, 1986, No. 4088-86.

Law of the RSFSR “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population”

“Sanitary rules, norms and hygienic standards (hereinafter referred to as sanitary rules) are regulations that establish criteria for the safety and (or) harmlessness of environmental factors for humans and requirements for ensuring favorable living conditions.

Sanitary rules are mandatory for compliance by all government bodies and public associations, enterprises and other economic entities, organizations and institutions, regardless of their subordination and forms of ownership, officials and citizens” (Article 3).

“A sanitary offense is an unlawful, guilty (intentional or careless) act (action or inaction) that infringes on the rights of citizens and the interests of society, associated with non-compliance with the sanitary legislation of the RSFSR, including the current sanitary rules¼

Officials and citizens of the RSFSR who commit a sanitary offense may be brought to disciplinary, administrative and criminal liability” (Article 27).

APPROVED

Date of introduction: from the moment of approval

2.2.4 . PHYSICAL FACTORS
PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT

Hygienic requirements for microclimate
production premises

Hygienic requirements to occupational microclimate

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96

1. General provisions and scope

1.1 . These Sanitary Rules and Standards (hereinafter referred to as the Sanitary Rules) are intended to prevent the adverse effects of the microclimate of workplaces and industrial premises on the well-being, functional state, performance and health of a person.

1.2 . These Sanitary Rules apply to microclimate indicators in workplaces of all types of industrial premises and are mandatory for all enterprises and organizations. References to the obligation to comply with the requirements of these sanitary rules must be included in regulatory and technical documents: standards, building codes and regulations, technical specifications and other regulatory and technical documents regulating the operational characteristics of production facilities, technological, engineering and sanitary equipment that ensure the provision of hygienic microclimate standards.

1.3 . In accordance with Articles 9 and 34 of the RSFSR Law “On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population,” organizations must exercise production control over compliance with the requirements of the Sanitary Rules and carry out preventive measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of diseases of workers in production premises, as well as monitoring compliance with working conditions and rest and implementation of measures for collective and individual protection of workers from the adverse effects of the microclimate.

1.4 . Heads of enterprises, organizations and institutions, regardless of their form of ownership and subordination, in order to ensure production control, are obliged to bring workplaces into compliance with the microclimate requirements provided for by these Sanitary Rules.

1.5 . State sanitary and epidemiological supervision and control over the implementation of these Sanitary Rules is carried out by bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation, and departmental sanitary and epidemiological supervision and control is carried out by bodies and institutions of the sanitary and epidemiological profile of the relevant ministries and departments.

1.6 . State sanitary and epidemiological supervision over the construction of new and reconstruction of existing production facilities is carried out at the stages of project development and commissioning of facilities, taking into account the nature of the technological process and the compliance of engineering and sanitary equipment with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules and Building Codes “Heating, Ventilation and conditioning".

1.7 . Project documentation for the construction and reconstruction of industrial premises must be agreed upon with the bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Russia.

1.8 . The commissioning of production premises in order to assess the compliance of the hygienic parameters of the microclimate with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules must be carried out with the mandatory participation of representatives of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation.

2. Normative references

2.1 . Law of the RSFSR “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population.”

2.2 . Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standards, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 5, 1994, No. 625.

2.3 . Guide “General requirements for the construction, presentation and execution of sanitary-hygienic and epidemiological regulatory and methodological documents” dated February 9, 1994 R 1.1.004-94.

3. Terms and definitions

3.1 . Production premises- closed spaces in specially designed buildings and structures in which people’s labor activities are carried out constantly (in shifts) or periodically (during the working day).

3.2 . Working place- an area of ​​the premises in which labor activity is carried out during a work shift or part of it. A workplace can be several areas of a production facility. If these areas are located throughout the room, then the entire area of ​​the room is considered a workplace.

3.3 . Cold period of the year - a period of the year characterized by an average daily outdoor temperature of +10 °C and below.

3.4 . Warm period of the year- a period of the year characterized by an average daily outdoor temperature above +10 °C.

3. 5 . Average daily temperature outdoor air- the average value of outside air temperature measured at certain hours of the day at regular intervals. It is taken according to the meteorological service.

3.6 . Demarcation works By categories is carried out on the basis of the intensity of the body’s total energy expenditure in kcal/h (W). Characteristics of individual categories of work ( I a, Ib, II a, II b, III ) is presented in the appendix .

3.7 environment (TNS) - the combined effect on the human body of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air speed, thermal radiation), expressed as a single-digit indicator in °C.

4. General requirements and microclimate indicators

4.1 . Sanitary rules establish hygienic requirements for microclimate indicators of workplaces of industrial premises, taking into account the intensity of energy consumption of workers, time of work, periods of the year and contain requirements for methods of measuring and monitoring microclimatic conditions.

4.2 . Microclimate indicators must ensure the preservation of the thermal balance of a person with the environment and the maintenance of an optimal or acceptable thermal state of the body.

4.3 . Indicators characterizing the microclimate in production premises are:

· air temperature;

· surface temperature*;

· relative humidity;

· air speed;

· intensity of thermal radiation.

* The temperature of the surfaces of enclosing structures (walls, ceilings, floors), devices (screens, etc.), as well as technological equipment or enclosing devices is taken into account.

5. Optimal microclimate conditions

5.1 . Optimal microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria of the optimal thermal and functional state of a person. They provide a general and local feeling of thermal comfort during an 8-hour work shift with minimal stress on the thermoregulation mechanisms, do not cause deviations in health, create the prerequisites for a high level of performance and are preferred in the workplace.

5.2 . Optimal values ​​of microclimate indicators must be observed at workplaces of industrial premises where operator-type work associated with nervous and emotional stress is performed (in cabins, at consoles and control stations for technological processes, in computer rooms, etc.). The list of other workplaces and types of work in which optimal microclimate values ​​must be ensured is determined by the Sanitary Rules for individual industries and other documents agreed upon with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision authorities in the prescribed manner.

5.3 . The optimal microclimate parameters at workplaces should correspond to the values ​​given in table. , in relation to the performance of work of various categories in the cold and warm periods of the year.

5.4 . Changes in air temperature in height and horizontally, as well as changes in air temperature during a shift, while ensuring optimal microclimate values ​​in the workplace, should not exceed 2 °C and go beyond the values ​​​​specified in the table. for certain categories of work.

Table 1

Optimal values ​​of microclimate indicators in industrial workplaces

		Air temperature, ° WITH	Surface temperature ° WITH	Relative humidity, %	Air speed, m/s
Cold
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (over 290)
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (over 290)						Air temperature, ° WITH		Surface temperature ° WITH	Relative humidity , %	Air speed, m/s
range below optimal values	range above optimal values	for a range of air temperatures below optimal values , no more	for a range of air temperatures above optimal values , no more**
Cold		20,0 - 21, 9				0, 1
	Ib (140 - 174)		23,1 - 24, 0
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)	15,0 - 16, 9
	III (over 290)						0, 4
		21, 0 - 22,9	25, 1 - 28,0
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)	18,0 - 19, 9	22,1 - 27, 0
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (over 290)

*At temperatures air 25 ° WITH And higher maximum quantities relative humidity air must accepted V compliance With requirements P. .

** At temperatures air 26 - 28 ° WITH speed movement air V warm period of the year must accepted V compliance With requirements P. .

6.4 . When ensuring acceptable microclimate values ​​at workplaces:

· The air temperature difference in height should be no more than 3° WITH ;

· horizontal air temperature difference, and its changes during the shift should not exceed:

In this case, the absolute values ​​of the air temperature should not go beyond the values ​​​​indicated in the table. for certain categories of work.

Number of measuring sites

From 100 to 400

The number of sections is determined by the distance between them, which should not exceed 10 m.

measurement range

Maximum deviation

Dry bulb air temperature, °C

from -30 to 50

± 0, 2

Wet bulb air temperature, ° WITH

± 0,2

Surface temperature ° WITH

± 0,5

Relative humidity, %

± 5,0

Air speed, m/s

± 0, 05

± 0,1

Thermal irradiation intensity, W/m2

from 10 to 350

± 5,0

± 50,0

7.14 . Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to draw up a protocol, which should reflect general information about the production facility, the placement of technological and sanitary equipment, sources of heat generation, cooling and moisture release, a diagram of the location of areas for measuring microclimate parameters and other data.

7.15 . At the conclusion of the protocol, the results of the measurements performed must be assessed for compliance with regulatory requirements.

Annex 1
(informative)

Characteristics of individual categories of work

1 . Categories of work are differentiated based on the intensity of the body's energy expenditure in kcal/h (W).

2. To category I and includes work with an intensity of energy consumption of up to 120 kcal/h (up to 139 W), performed while sitting and accompanied by minor physical stress (a number of professions in precision instrumentation and mechanical engineering enterprises, in watchmaking, clothing production, in the field of management, etc.) .

3. To category I b includes work with an energy intensity of 121 - 150 kcal/h (140 - 174 W), performed while sitting, standing or associated with walking and accompanied by some physical stress (a number of professions in the printing industry, at communications enterprises, controllers, craftsmen in various types of production and so on.).

4 . To category II and includes work with an energy intensity of 151 - 200 kcal/h (175 - 232 W), associated with constant walking, moving small (up to 1 kg) products or objects in a standing or sitting position and requiring a certain physical stress (a number of professions in mechanical assembly shops machine-building enterprises, in spinning and weaving production, etc.).

5 . To category II b includes work with an energy intensity of 201 - 250 kcal/h (233 - 290 W), associated with walking, moving and carrying weights up to 10 kg and accompanied by moderate physical stress (a number of professions in mechanized foundries, rolling, forging, thermal, welding shops machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

6. To category III include work with an intensity of energy consumption of more than 250 kcal/h (more than 290 W), associated with constant movement, movement and carrying of significant (over 10 kg) weights and requiring great physical effort (a number of professions in forge shops with manual forging, foundries with manual stuffing and filling of flasks of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Determination of the thermal load index of the environment (TNS index)

1 . The environmental heat load index (THI) is an empirical indicator characterizing the combined effect of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air speed and thermal radiation) on the human body.

2 . The THC index is determined based on the wet-bulb temperature of an aspiration psychrometer ( t ow ) and temperature inside the black ball ( t w).

3 . The temperature inside the blackened ball is measured by a thermometer, the reservoir of which is placed in the center of the blackened hollow ball; t w reflects the influence of air temperature, surface temperature and air speed. The blackened ball must have a diameter of 90 mm, the minimum possible thickness and an absorption coefficient of 0.95. Accuracy of temperature measurement inside the ball± 0.5 °C.

4 . The TNS index is calculated using the equation:

5 . The THC index is recommended to be used for an integral assessment of the thermal load of the environment in workplaces where the air speed does not exceed 0.6 m/s and the intensity of thermal radiation is 1200 W/m2.

6 . The method for measuring and monitoring the THC index is similar to the method for measuring and monitoring air temperature (pp. - of these Sanitary Rules).

7 . The values ​​of the THC index should not go beyond the values ​​recommended in the table. .

	The values ​​of the integral indicator, ° WITH
Ib (140 - 174)
IIa (175 - 232)
IIb (233 - 290)	19,5 - 23, 9
III (over 290)	18,0 - 21, 8

Operating time at temperature TThe air level in the workplace is higher or lower than permissible values

1 . In order to protect workers from possible overheating or cooling, when the air temperature in the workplace is higher or lower than permissible values, the time spent at the workplace (continuously or cumulatively for a work shift) should be limited to the values ​​​​specified in Table. and table of this application. At the same time, the average shift air temperature at which workers are located during a work shift at workplaces and rest areas should not go beyond the permissible air temperature values ​​for the corresponding categories of work indicated in Table. 1

5, 5

Medium shift air temperature ( t in ) calculated by the formula:

Where

t in1, t in2, … t in n - air temperature (°C) in the relevant areas of the workplace;

τ 1, τ 2, …, τ n - time (hours) for performing work in the relevant areas of the workplace;

8 - duration of the work shift (hours).

Other indicators of the microclimate (relative air humidity, air speed, surface temperature, intensity of thermal radiation) at workplaces must be within the permissible values ​​of these Sanitary Rules.

Bibliographic data

1 . Management R 2.2.4/2.1.8. Hygienic assessment and control of physical factors of production and the environment (under approval).

2 SNiP 2.01.01 . "Building climatology and geophysics."

3 . Methodological recommendations “Assessment of a person’s thermal state in order to substantiate hygienic requirements for the microclimate of workplaces and measures to prevent cooling and overheating” No. 5168-90 dated 03/05/90. In: Hygienic principles for preventing the adverse effects of industrial microclimate on the human body. V. 43, M. 1991, p. 192 - 211.

4 . Manual P 2.2.013-94. Occupational hygiene. Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger of factors in the working environment, severity and intensity of the labor process. Goskomsanepidnadzor of Russia, M., 1994, 42 p.

5 . GOST 12.1.005-88 “General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air in the working area.”

6 . Building regulations. SNiP 2.04.05-91 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning."

One of the main tasks of the employer can be considered to provide a favorable microclimate in the workplace.

However, many employers do not comply with temperature requirements, thereby violating the law.

What should be the temperature in the room according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation?

Article navigation

Is the employer obligated to monitor the room temperature?

On this question Article 212 may provide an answer, according to which the employer will be held administratively liable for sanitary work not carried out on time.

The list of these measures also includes compliance with the temperature regime established by Sanitary Norms and Rules (SanPiN), since too low or, conversely, high temperature can lead to a decrease in energy levels and, as a result, its performance.

Accordingly, if an employer evades fulfilling this obligation, he violates the law and must be punished.

It can be said that the employer is obliged to monitor the temperature throughout the entire working period.

Temperature conditions at different times of the year

Room temperature in summer time according to the Labor Code should not be higher than:

• 28 degrees Celsius for 8 hours of operation.
• 30 degrees Celsius for 5 hours of operation.
• 31 degrees Celsius for 3 hours of operation.
• 32 degrees Celsius for 2 hours of operation.
• 32.5 degrees Celsius for 1 hour of operation.

Working at temperatures exceeding 32.5 degrees is considered dangerous. The employer has several options to avoid the heat, namely: install special equipment (air conditioners, fans) in the work premises or reduce the number of working hours by special order.

Room temperature in winter time According to the Labor Code, it should not fall below 20 degrees Celsius. If it does not meet the standards, the employer must install a heater in the workroom or reduce the number of working hours. Labor Code establishes the following temporary standards at low temperatures:

• no more than 7 hours of operation at 19 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 6 hours of operation at 18 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 5 hours of operation at 17 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 4 hours of operation at 16 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 3 hours of operation at 15 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 2 hours of operation at 14 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 1 hour of operation at 13 degrees Celsius.

Labor standards have established that working in temperatures below 13 degrees Celsius is dangerous.

Summarizing the above data, we can say that the indoor temperature in summer should not exceed 28 degrees Celsius, and in winter it should not fall below 20 degrees Celsius.

What should an employee do if the employer does not comply with the temperature regime?

Salaried workers often face negligence from their employers. What to do in this case? There are several options:

• ask the employer to normalize the temperature using equipment (air conditioning, heater)
• demand a reduction in hours of work in accordance with regulations
• file a complaint with Rospotrebnadzor
• contact the labor inspectorate for help

In the last two options, a special inspection will be carried out at the place of work, during which it will be determined whether an offense has been committed.

As a result, we can say that the employee has several legal methods of influencing.

What punishment does an employer face for non-compliance with temperature conditions?

In accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses, an employer who violates sanitary standards will be fined up to 20 thousand rubles, or its activities will be suspended for a certain period.