Ancient Cro-Magnon man - a characteristic of a way of life, tools of labor, interesting facts with photos and videos. Cro-Magnons

BC BC) they settled in Europe, and lived simultaneously with last representatives Neanderthals.

By the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic era, the so-called paleolithic revolution- the transition to a more advanced technology of production and use of tools, which occurred about 40 thousand years BC. During this period, there was an explosive flowering of intellectual and cultural human activity associated with the widespread distribution of modern physical type people who replaced the ancient types of people. Bone remains were first found in the Cro-Magnon grotto in France.

It is surprising that for tens of thousands of years, pre-Magnon humanity has not undergone any changes. At the same time modern ideas for the formation of the features of the Cro-Magnon skeleton, isolation and a huge number of years are needed.

Evolutionary anthropologists believe that the population, consisting of Cro-Magnons, was between 1 and 10 million people, and in 100 thousand years they should have buried about 4 billion bodies with accompanying artifacts. A significant part of these 4 billion burials should have survived. However, only a few thousand of them have been found.

Another obscurity is the extinction of the Neanderthal. One of the prevailing hypotheses about the reasons for its extinction is the displacement (i.e. destruction) of it by a Cro-Magnon rival in ecological niche, which happened about 30 thousand years ago.

Cro-Magnon food

It has been established that the food ration of a man of the late Paleolithic era (40-12 thousand years ago), who lived in Europe, consisted of wild fruits, vegetables, deciduous plants, roots, nuts, and also lean meat. The results of anthropological studies unequivocally indicate that in the course of human evolution, a large role was played by a diet containing little fat, very little sugar, but including a large number of fiber and polysaccharides. The cholesterol content of bushmeat is roughly the same as that found in livestock, but bushmeat contains almost perfect ratio fatty acids with saturated and unsaturated bonds. People of the late Paleolithic era consumed a lot of animal protein from meat, which contributed to physical development and rapid puberty, but not longevity. An analysis of the remains of ancient people revealed characteristic diseases caused by improper diet, in particular, vitamin deficiency, and their life expectancy averaged 30 years.

One way or another, due to the fact that meat predominated in the diet of the Cro-Magnons, they were more stately than their descendants (and ancestors), who preferred plant foods.

Cro-Magnon culture

Religion

From the end of 40 thousand BC. the heyday of the Matriarchy began - associated with the Cro-Magnons and known mainly from excavations in Europe. Mother goddess worship was not just a local cult, but a global phenomenon. Material from the site

Cave painting (rock)

During the life of the Cro-Magnons, cave (rock) painting flourished, the peak of which was reached in 15-17 thousand BC. (galleries of cave drawings Lascaux and Altamira).

A fresco in Altamira depicts a herd of bison and other animals of the Upper Paleolithic fauna (the length of the figures is up to 2.25 m). It is noteworthy that in 1880, at the international congress in Lisbon, this find was declared without any discussion a fake to discredit evolutionary science.

Niramin - Aug 24th, 2016

Cro-Magnons inhabited the Earth in the Upper Paleolithic era (40-10 thousand years ago) and were the direct ancestors of modern people. The structure of their skull and hands, brain volume, body proportions were similar to ours. For the first time, the remains of these ancient people were discovered in the second half of the 19th century in France, in the Cro-Magnon grotto, from which the name "Cro-Magnon" originated.

The ancestors of modern people made a sharp leap in evolution and far surpassed their predecessors in development. They knew how to make complex tools: needles, scrapers, drills, spearheads, bows and arrows, using not only wood and stone, but also horns, bones and animal tusks. Cro-Magnons knew how to sew clothes, make dishes from baked clay, and even create elaborate jewelry and figurines. They highly appreciated art, were engaged in bone carving and decorated the walls and ceilings of their homes. rock painting... Scientists are constantly amazed at the technique, materials and craftsmanship of the cave paintings.

The Cro-Magnon lifestyle was significantly different from other ancient people. Cro-Magnons also lived mainly in caves, but already knew how to build huts from animal bones and skins. The first pet - a dog - appeared in this era. Cro-Magnons were fluent in speech, which allowed them to build new social relationships.

Cro-Magnons in the parking lot.

Photo: Cro-Magnon (Cro-Magnon). Reconstruction by M.M. Gerasimov.


Cro-Magnon skull.

Video: Evolution: Cro-Magnons

Cro-Magnons - common name ancestors of people who existed 40-10 thousand years ago (). Cro-Magnons are a sharp leap in the development of human evolution, which became decisive not only in the survival of the human race, but also in the formation of Homo sapiens.

Cro-Magnons appeared much later, about 40-50 thousand years ago. According to some estimates, the most early Cro-Magnons could have existed more than 100 thousand years ago. Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons are species of the genus Humans (Homo).

Neanderthals presumably originated from humans, who, in turn, were a species of Homo erectus (), and were not the ancestors of humans. Cro-Magnons descended from Homo erectus and are the direct ancestors of modern man. The name Cro-Magnon refers to the discovery of several human skeletons with tools from the Late Paleolithic in the Cro-Magnon rock grotto, France. Later, the remains of Cro-Magnons and their culture were found in many parts of the world - in Great Britain, Czech Republic, Serbia, Romania, Russia.

Scientists propose different versions the appearance and distribution of Cro-Magnons - the ancestors of people. Judging by one version, the first representatives of the ancestors of people with the Cro-Magnon type of development (a species of Homo erectus) appeared in East Africa 130-180 thousand years ago. About 50-60 thousand years ago, Cro-Magnons began to migrate from Africa to Eurasia. Initially, one group settled on the coast of the Indian Ocean, and the second settled in the steppes of Central Asia. A little later, migration began to Europe, which was inhabited by Cro-Magnons about 20 thousand years ago. There are also other versions about the distribution of Cro-Magnons.

The Cro-Magnons had a huge advantage over the Neanderthals that existed in Europe at the same time. Although the Neanderthals were more adapted to northern conditions, they were more powerful and stronger, they could not resist the Cro-Magnons. The direct ancestors of people were carriers of such a high culture for that time that the Neanderthals were clearly inferior to them in development, although, according to some studies, the Neanderthal's brain was larger, he knew how to create tools of labor and hunting, used fire, created clothes and dwellings, and knew how to make jewelry , possessed speech and so on. By that time, the Cro-Magnon was already making quite complex jewelry from stone, horn and bone, as well as cave drawings... Cro-Magnons first invented human settlements, lived in communities ( tribal communities), which included up to 100 people. As dwellings in different parts Light Cro-Magnons used caves, tents made of animal skins, dugouts, houses made of stone slabs. Cro-Magnons created clothes from skins, made more modern, in comparison with their ancestors and Neanderthals, tools of labor and hunting. Also, the Cro-Magnons tamed the dog for the first time.

As the researchers assume, the migrating Cro-Magnons who arrived in Europe met here with the Neanderthals, who had already mastered the best territories long before them, settled in the most convenient caves, settled in profitable territories near rivers or in places where there is a lot of prey. Probably, in, the Cro-Magnons, who had a higher development, simply exterminated the Neanderthals. Archaeologists find at the Cro-Magnon sites the bones of Neanderthals, which have clear traces of their eating, that is, the Neanderthals were not only exterminated, but also eaten. There is also a version that the Neanderthals were destroyed only in part, the rest were able to assimilate with the Cro-Magnons.

Cro-Magnon finds clearly indicate the existence of religious beliefs... The beginnings of religion are also observed among the Neanderthals, but many scientists express great doubts about this. Among the Cro-Magnons, cult rituals can be traced very clearly. The ancestors of people already tens of thousands of years ago carried out complex funeral rites, buried their relatives in a bent position in the embryo position (belief in the transmigration of the soul, rebirth), decorated the dead with various products, placed household items, food in the grave (belief in the posthumous life of the soul, in which it will need the same things as during earthly life - plates, food, weapons, etc.).

The immediate ancestor of modern man - Cro-Magnon (40-10 thousand years BC) was named Homo sapiens sapiens (Homo sapiens). During the late Paleolithic era, 1200 generations changed and about 4 billion Cro-Magnons passed through the Earth. They lived at the end of the Wurm glaciation. Warming and cold snaps replaced each other quite often, and Cro-Magnons successfully adapted to changing natural conditions. They created the protoculture of modern man and, remaining hunter-gatherers, brought the development of mankind to the culture of agriculture. The achievements of the Cro-Magnons are truly amazing. Their art of stone processing was so high that it can be said that technology came into the world with the Cro-Magnon man. Technological innovation and development material culture came to replace physical evolution. They also learned how to make all kinds of tools and weapons from bones, tusks, antlers and wood. Cro-Magnons reached a high degree of excellence in the manufacture of clothing, the construction of vast dwellings. In their hearth, not only trees, but also other combustible materials, such as bone, could be used for heating. The clay kilns they built were prototypes of blast furnaces. They have brought almost to the limit beyond which agriculture begins, the ways of using plants. These people reaped the ears of wild cereals and collected so many cereals that they covered most of nutritional needs. They invented devices for grinding and grinding grain. Cro-Magnons knew how to make wicker containers and came close to the art of pottery. After centuries of wandering after animals or in search of seasonal edible plants, the Cro-Magnon managed to switch to a sedentary lifestyle, using more efficiently the resources of one locality. A sedentary lifestyle contributed to the formation social life accumulation of practical and social knowledge and observations, which became the basis for the creation of language, art and religion. Hunting methods have changed. Spear throwers were invented, with the help of which hunters began to hunt more animals, and they themselves received wounds less often, lived longer and better. Well-being has also improved health and physical development... A sedentary lifestyle, combined with an increased life expectancy, contributed to the acquisition of experience and knowledge, improved the mind and developed culture. There is reason to believe that the Cro-Magnons also had a bow, although material evidence of this has not been preserved. The invention of various devices for catching fish played an important role in expanding the diet of the Cro-Magnons - one of such ingenious devices was a prison. Cro-Magnons learned to make various mixtures of clay with other substances. From these mixtures, they made various figurines and burned them in a specially arranged hearth. In fact, they discovered a way to obtain new substances with new useful qualities by combining two or more raw materials. The Cro-Magnons have created a truly great prehistoric art. This is confirmed by numerous wall paintings in caves, sculptures, and figurines. ...

Where did the huge population of Cro-Magnons come from on Earth and where did it disappear? How did the races come about? Whose descendants are we?

Why were Cro-Magnons spread all over the world? Could one population live on a huge area from Vladimir to Beijing? What kind archaeological finds confirm this theory? Why was the Cro-Magnon brain larger than the modern human brain? Why are the classical Neanderthals of Europe little like modern humans? Could they have lost their speech a second time? Was the Neanderthal a Bigfoot and a Cro-Magnon hunting target? During what period did the geological and cultural catastrophe occur? What was the result of the sudden and simultaneous melting of two large glaciers? Where did the Cro-Magnons disappear to? How did the major racial groups form? Why was the Negroid racial group the last to emerge? Did the Cro-Magnons keep in touch with their space curators? Paleoanthropologist Alexander Belov argues, whose descendants we are and who is watching us from space?

Alexander Belov: The Soviet anthropologist Debets, he believed that he even introduced the term "Cro-Magnons in the broad sense of the word" into science. What does this mean? People of the Upper Paleolithic are more or less similar to each other, regardless of where they lived, on the territory of the Russian Plain, in Europe, or in Australia, or in Indonesia, and even in America there are remains of Cro-Magnons. In fact, they were distributed all over the world, and from this we conclude that the population was more or less homogeneous. And so Debets just introduced the concept of "Cro-Magnons in the broadest sense of the word" into science. He united in this population all the people of the Upper Paleolithic, who lived regardless of where they lived, they were more or less similar to each other, and he called them this term, "Cro-Magnons in the broad sense of the word." That is, it is not related to the Cro-Magnon grotto in France or in some parts of Europe. For example, the skull of Sungir 1, an old man according to Vladimir, is found, it is very similar, Cro-Magnon, to a similar skull 101, which was found near Beijing in the Cave of Dragon Bones, in fact, one to one just a skull. You can see on the map how great is the distance between Vladimir and Beijing, that is, approximately the same population lived over a huge distance. It was, of course, not numerous, that is, the remains of the Cro-Magnons are few, I must say, that is, this population was numerically small. And that's what is characteristic of Cro-Magnons, they are united not only by a single morphotype, they are also united by the presence of a large brain. If, on average, a modern person has an average volume of 1350 cubic centimeters of the brain, then Cro-Magnons have an average of 1550, that is, 200-300 cubes modern man, alas and ah, lost. Moreover, he lost not just brain cubes, as if abstractly, he lost precisely those zones, those representations of the associative and parietal frontal zones of the brain, that is, this is exactly the substrate that we think, where the intellect itself is based. And in fact, the frontal lobes, they are responsible for inhibitory behavior, for the fact that, roughly speaking, we do not restrain emotions, we subject ourselves to some kind of unrestrained, emotional affects. And if these brakes are turned off, then, of course, a person can already switch to some kind of affective behavioral reactions. This is a very bad and detrimental effect on his own destiny and on the destiny of the society in which he lives. And here we see exactly this among the Neanderthals, the early Neanderthals, they are called atypical, they lived about 130 thousand years ago, they are found in Asia, mainly in Europe, Asia Minor, they were more or less still similar to modern people. And the classical Neanderthals of Europe, their chin protrusion practically disappears, they have a high larynx, they have a flat base of the skull. This suggests that the Neanderthals lost their speech for the second time, this is what it says. Aleksandr Zobov, a well-known Russian and Soviet anthropologist, spoke and wrote a lot about this. And in fact, a paradoxical thing turns out, and their culture also becomes practically, so they dig a trench and accidentally discover the backbone of Neanderthals without any accompaniment of archaeological equipment, or so on. This suggests that this, if you like, roughly speaking, big Foot such an Upper Paleolithic. And they were apparently just hunted by Cro-Magnons. In Croatia, this massacre is known, when 20 bones and punched skulls of Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons were found, most likely such fights or battles in the Upper Paleolithic took place between Neanderthals, the predecessors of modern people, and Cro-Magnons.

And in this regard, the question arises, where did the Cro-Magnons go, in fact, and who we are, modern people? There are several versions on this score, but if you follow the tradition of Soviet anthropology and Debets, in particular, then a completely clear and clear picture is drawn that the classical Cro-Magnons, Cro-Magnon-like types, they spread throughout the Earth, created a fairly high culture, it was, apparently, associated with some kind of technology with new unusual, which we have already lost, we do not know, and with some knowledge that we, too, unfortunately, lost, and with a connection, perhaps with our space predecessors, this also indicates, for example, wands, some astronomical calendar turned circles and other different features, here is evidence of this. And somewhere in the vicinity of the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary, about 10 thousand years ago, a geological cultural catastrophe occurs. But in historical terms, this Upper Paleolithic is actually replaced by the Mesolithic, the Middle Stone Age, that is, the ancient stone Age, it is being replaced by the Mesolithic. And in fact, the Middle Stone Age, during this period of time, amazing things are obtained. Suddenly melting, suddenly melting, I would say, both glaciers, and the Scandinavian glacier is huge, the thickness of which reached three kilometers in height, and it reached Smolensk, this is what it was, its epicenter over the Gulf of Bothnia. Simultaneously with it, the North American glacier is melting, which generally occupied the size of the floor in terms of thickness and latitude. North America, continent. And naturally, the level of the World Ocean during this period, 12-10 thousand years before new era, it rises sharply to 130-150 meters. And it's clear that people in this situation find themselves, they will be divided, Africa is separated from Asia, Europe is also separated from Asia by water barriers, that is, on the site of the Russian Plain, seas are formed here, which merge into the Caspian and Black Sea, and into the Mediterranean then. Many racial groups, future racial groups, finding themselves in isolation, in island isolation, so to speak, firstly, the population is sharply reduced, that is, anthropologists talk about the "bottleneck" that racial groups go through, all racial groups, this is exactly at this moment, and that, in general, they are geologically separated. And finding themselves in an isolate, in a geological isolate, such basic racial groups begin to form, Caucasians in Europe, Mongoloids in Asia, this is Far East, Asia, Central Asia, and Africans on the African continent. This is due to the fact that the genetic exchange, it does not go between these groups for several millennia, at least.

Here we must also add cultural isolation. Cultural isolation may have done more negative things than such purely geographic isolation. Negroids change quite a lot, and it is precisely the Negro race that appears at this moment. Negroids, they are very young, one might say, that is, this is the Neolithic, the end of the Mesolithic, the beginning of the Neolithic, at least 9-10 thousand years before the new era, Negroes appear.