Instructions for using an industrial first aid kit. Instructions for the use of medicines included in the first aid kit on ships without medical personnel

Take up extra trunk space and treat it as such. Rarely used in practice, it is completely forgotten by some drivers. However, traffic police inspectors do not forget about it and are often interested in its presence in the car. And for good reason. After all, a small box turns out to be a valuable and necessary thing in an extreme situation, when you need to provide first aid to a victim of an accident or treat a wound caused by careless handling of a tool during repairs.

A car first aid kit is a necessary accessory in a car.

The composition and rules for handling a car first aid kit are determined by Order No. 325 of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated August 20, 1996, the content of which was repeatedly adjusted and supplemented taking into account the development of pharmaceuticals and products. Last changes were entered on July 1, 2010. The explanations to the introduced amendments indicate that they were made taking into account an analysis of the real need and effectiveness of using the contents of the first aid kit in various cases recorded by the traffic police.

The composition of the first aid kit was expanded to include dressings and hemostatic agents, and some medications were removed. It should be noted that regarding the content medical first aid kit The list of drugs and medications specified in the order is advisory in nature. Therefore, any driver has the right to turn it on additional funds, depending on the characteristics and needs of your body for medications. No one can make any claims or demands against him in this regard.

A new sample first aid kit should contain:

Officially approved car first aid kit

1. hemostatic elastic tourniquet - 1 piece;
2. set of various non-sterile bandages – 5 pcs;
3. a set of various sterile bandages – 5 pcs;
4. sterile bag for dressing – 1 piece;
5. sterile gauze wipes 160x140mm – 1 package;
6. adhesive bactericidal plaster 100x40mm – 2 pcs;
7. adhesive bactericidal patch 72x19mm – 10 pcs;
8. adhesive tape 1cm wide – 1 roll (2.5m);
9. mouthpiece for mouth-to-mouth breathing – 1 piece;
10. scissors – 1 piece;
11. hygiene gloves – 1 piece;
12. instructions for use car first aid kit and its contents.

Video: Car first aid kit in our time

Compared to the list that was used previously, the composition of the 2015 car first aid kit has a noticeable difference. So, the previous first aid kit included:

1. analgin and aspirin No. 10 0.5g. – one package each;
2. cooling container-package – 1 piece;
3. sodium sulfacetamide eye drops – 1 piece;
4. hemostatic tourniquet – 1 piece;
5. sterile and non-sterile dressing bandages 10x5cm - 1 roll each;
6. bandage 5x5cm – 1 piece;
7. aseptic dressing MAG 8x10 – 1 piece;
8. bactericidal adhesive plasters 25x72mm – 8 pcs;
9. hemostatic napkins "Koletex GEM" different sizes- 3 pcs;
10. five percent iodine solution or one percent green solution - 1 bottle;
11. adhesive tape 1 or 2 cm wide, 5 m long - 1 roll;
12. elastic tubular bandage No. 1, 3, 6 – 1 piece each;
13. medical cotton wool – 50g.

As can be seen from the comparison, many dressings have been added instead of those excluded from the list of medications.

“Surprises” of completing a car first aid kit

Since the composition of a car first aid kit in 2015 is approved by law, the consumer has the right to expect approximately the same prices for them in all retail outlets. In fact, in reality they have a very wide price range in different car stores. The reason for this is the formal attitude of some manufacturers towards its completion with truly appropriate and necessary materials.

Now you can pass a technical inspection without a first aid kit. But operating a car without a first aid kit is prohibited. Fine - 500 rubles.

Often cheap first aid kits contain drugs and materials that are only suitable for formally recording the fact of their presence, but not for practical use. They are intended only to pass without problems in terms of emergency equipment. Use its contents in real conditions It is impossible to provide practical assistance to a person injured in an accident.

For example, in such a first aid kit, instead of a hemostatic tourniquet, you can find a rubber band, which is used for intravenous injections and blood sampling. Often standard bandages are replaced with gauze scraps. You should know that normal medical dressings are produced in separate packages indicating the size, date of manufacture and other features.

As for the device for performing artificial respiration, the special device is replaced with ordinary napkins or plastic bags with a round hole in the middle. The device, designed for mouth-to-mouth breathing, is a double-sided mouthpiece with a short and long end. There is a separation membrane inside that allows air to flow in only one direction.

Such a device allows artificial respiration to be performed even with the victim’s mouth tightly closed and protects the rescuer from possible infection with infectious diseases. Replacing it with an ordinary cloth can be considered a crime against human life. Low-quality scissors presented in counterfeit first-aid kits will not be able to cut either bandages or the victim’s clothing. Good scissors should have the manufacturer's logo on them. But the most serious danger of such falsification lies in the presence of a certificate for this product issued by the Ministry of Health.

Manufacturers of the new version of the first aid kit refer to the experience of Western European countries, although many experts criticize their proposal as not very well thought out. The main question of opponents is: “Is it logical to rely on the experience of developed civilized countries, where the rescue service immediately arrives at the scene of an accident and the presence of a first aid kit in the car is a mere formality?” In Russia, where the average ambulance arrival time is from 40 minutes to an hour, in their opinion, they need to rely on their own experience.

Video: Composition of a car first aid kit

In order to be able to truly necessary help to the victim and increase his likelihood of survival and quick rehabilitation, we can recommend keeping the following life-saving equipment in the first aid kit:

• “Alpha” tourniquets, which stop blood, in the amount of 2 pieces, just in case there may be several victims. They do not damage the vessels located under the skin around the wound and can be tightened without the use of pads. Their advantage is high strength, frost resistance, ease of application and removal. They are a worthy replacement for those formal elastic bands, which, although they have certificates from the Ministry of Health, crack in the cold and cannot stop bleeding if the arteries are damaged;
• anti-burn dressings and dressings applied to open injuries;
• Baralgin ampoules with syringes and nimesulide tablets are recommended as anesthetics;
• use no-shpa or drotaverine as antispasmodics;
• as an antiseptic - chlorhexidine;
• paracetamol, as an antipyretic and to prevent colds;
• suprastin to prevent allergic reactions;
• against the consequences of shock, a universal remedy is dexamethasone with a syringe in the amount of 1-2 ampoules;
• nitroglycerin, taken 1 tablet sublingually, can relieve heart pain and prevent serious attacks, especially in older people who have been involved in an accident;
• anaprilin, taken 2 tablets, relaxes the autonomic system, protecting against fear that provokes palpitations;
• adaptol and motherwort forte are recommended as a sedative;
• kapoten is indicated for people prone to hypertension;
• loperamide will help relieve diarrhea that occurs as a result of the body’s reaction to a stressful situation;
• smecta sachets help with poisoning of the body with toxic liquids and gases;
• for treating wounds, it is recommended to have a sufficient amount of alcohol wipes, brilliant green or iodine;
• for treating the eyes and relieving tension - albucid or visine;
• fenistil gel will help neutralize insect bites;
• The folding model of the cervical corset is very convenient, which can be used in case of injury to the cervical spine. This type of injury is very common in unexpected rear impacts that cause a whiplash-like movement of the spine. Although high seat headrests are designed to prevent them, they are not always available and passengers do not always sit with their heads pressed against them. The corset reliably fixes the position of the head, preventing the victim from involuntarily changing it and aggravating his dangerous condition;
• hypothermic package for the prevention of tissue edema in case of traumatic brain injuries, burns, bruises and sprains. The package should not be applied to an open wound.

It is very important for every driver to have medications in the first aid kit, depending on the availability of individual medical indications, with detailed instructions on their application, preferably laminated and made in large letters.

Before you start using the first aid kit, assess the situation, the number of victims and the nature of the damage. Call an ambulance. After this, begin to provide first aid to the victims. medical care in a certain sequence, depending on the injuries:

• stopping breathing and heartbeat,
• heavy bleeding
• traumatic brain injuries,
• spinal injury.

If an accident occurs with the participation of a pedestrian or cyclist, fence off the area where the person is lying, thereby protecting him from passing cars. If the victims are in the car and there is no risk of it catching fire, they should be left there until the ambulance arrives. It is not recommended to touch or turn over victims until doctors arrive. After all, if there are serious fractures, without recognizing them, you can only worsen the situation by acting without rigid fixators. An exception is if a person is unable to breathe - then he is turned over on his back and artificial ventilation is given, or there is a threat of aspiration due to vomiting - then the victim is placed on his side.

What kind of help can you provide without serious consequences for a person? And how to do it correctly? Let's tell you in order.

Artificial respiration

If a person is not breathing and his pulse cannot be felt, it is necessary to immediately give him artificial ventilation - mouth-to-mouth breathing. He should lie on his back so that you have easy access to the chest. Make sure clothes are not too tight Airways- if necessary, loosen your tie or unbutton your collar. Place your palm under your head, and with your other hand, tilt your head back so that your chin is in line with your neck (not turned to the side). This way, the tongue will not block the passage of air into the lungs. Open the victim's mouth and place a ventilator valve on it - a special film from a car first aid kit that will prevent direct contact with the victim's mouth, nose and face. Take a deep breath, pinch the person's nose and forcefully exhale into his mouth. Release your nose, take another breath and repeat the process. For an adult it takes about 10 - 12 repetitions per minute, for a child - up to 15 - 18 repetitions, in this case, you need to exhale air less sharply, since the child’s lung capacity is less. If the chest drops, it means that the person has begun to exhale - you should adjust to their frequency and take each artificial breath before starting to exhale. Once deep rhythmic breathing is restored, the process can be completed. Often, artificial respiration is performed simultaneously with cardiac massage to restore blood circulation. Inhalation of air and rhythmic pressure on the chest alternate.

Stop bleeding

This task is perhaps one of the most difficult. Many people are frightened by blood, and they are confused and do not know what to do. The main thing is to remain calm. This is the only way to determine the type of bleeding and provide assistance correctly, reducing blood loss and gaining time before doctors arrive. IN critical situation it is very important! Let's look at the main methods.

Application of a tourniquet

This method of stopping bleeding is used if a large artery is affected. It's easy to determine by the scarlet color of the blood and the pulsating stream . This method is used only when the limbs are damaged, with the exception of the lower third of the thigh, middle third of the shoulder, and upper third of the lower leg. The algorithm for applying a tourniquet is as follows.

• Expose the limb, for example, by cutting the clothing with scissors (should be in your car first aid kit).
• Above the upper edge of the wound, at a distance of 5 - 7 cm, apply a bandage.
• Apply a tourniquet in place of this bandage, wrapping it several times and securing it.
• Attach a note at the top indicating the application time.

The duration of application of the tourniquet must be controlled. It should be in summer no more than 120 minutes, in winter - up to 90 minutes. It is important to loosen the tourniquet in time, otherwise it will lead to necrosis of the tissues that are located below and to which the blood flow is blocked. Check the victim's pulse and the intensity of bleeding. If the tourniquet is applied correctly, blood loss will be reduced.

Applying a pressure bandage

This method is used for venous or capillary bleeding, when the blood is dark and comes out in drops or streams . A sterile napkin is applied directly to the wound, and a thick roll of bandage or cotton wool is placed on top of it. Then wrap the damaged area with a bandage, slightly pressing on the roller so that it fits snugly to the body. If possible, the bandaged limb is slightly elevated to reduce blood flow to it. The bleeding should stop. You will determine this by the fact that blood will not ooze through the bandage.

Using a Band-Aid

Small cuts, scratches and abrasions can be covered with a band-aid. Be careful when unpacking it. Do not touch the bactericidal layer with your hands to avoid infection. Carefully apply it to the wound, smoothing the adhesive ends. When a large area of ​​skin is damaged, a small piece of patch is not enough. Take a bandage and a sterile napkin, place them on the wound, and secure with a roll of adhesive tape.

Note to the driver!

Before a long trip, check the contents of your car first aid kit and make sure that it contains all the necessary items. Since 2013, medicines have not been included in its composition. And this is logical: most motorists do not look into the first aid kit for years and do not monitor the expiration date of medications. Moreover, the temperature conditions in the machine are not designed for storage medical supplies. But you shouldn’t completely abandon medications, because anything can happen on the road. Before your trip, buy tablets that may be useful on the road. In general, many experienced motorists carry two first aid kits: a car kit and their own, with medicines.

Doctors recommend: on the road, take the required minimum, which includes an analgesic, an antispasmodic (for example, no-spa), ammonia, an antiseptic, anti-allergenic drugs (for example, suprastin), cardiac drugs (for example, validol).

Every year car crashes take thousands of lives. According to statistics, only 20% of victims die from injuries incompatible with life, while the remaining 80% die from the inaction of eyewitnesses or incorrect treatment. first aid. We hope our article will help you use the medicine from your first aid kit, and in an emergency you will act confidently. Remember that a person's life may depend on this. If you see an accident and people need help, stop and provide it using your first aid kit. Welcome is back!

A driver's first aid kit is an item that causes a lot of controversy among car enthusiasts. Many people believe that this is a useless attribute that simply takes up space in the cabin. Those who have already encountered emergency situations on the road will say that a driver’s first aid kit is indispensable!

Changes in 2009 regarding composition driver's first aid kit, were the last. There have been no changes over the past 7 years. They are not expected in the coming year either. However, this does not replace the periodic check of the first aid kit to ensure that its components are expired. For example, those who purchased this attribute in 2010, they must change it for a new one, since the shelf life of the medications there does not exceed 6 years.

Lineup changes in 2010

The changes that took place 6 years ago have greatly simplified the first aid kit. The driver is no longer required to keep in it:

• disinfectants;
• pain reliever;
• drugs for the heart.

Also, until 2010, it was necessary to keep remedies for diarrhea, bloating and other gastrointestinal ailments in your first aid kit. These changes are explained by doctors by the fact that for heart patients, attending physicians prescribe specifically selected drugs, and the standard ones found in the first aid kit may not be suitable for them.

As for disinfectants (which, it would seem, should definitely be on hand), they were considered completely unnecessary when providing first aid. According to doctors, the main action is the usual dressing. In view of this, you should not be surprised by the new contents of the first aid kit.

Composition of the first aid kit today

As it turned out, most of Victims of road accidents need immediate bandaging, but not special medications. Observations showed that most of those killed on the road died from loss of blood. In view of this, the list of the driver’s first aid kit consists mostly of sterile dressings:

• medical scissors;
• a pair of sterile gloves;
• instructions for using medicines in the first aid kit;
• tourniquet to stop bleeding;
• non-sterile gauze bandage 5 cm (2 pcs.);
• non-sterile gauze bandage 10 cm (2 pcs.);
• non-sterile gauze bandage 14 cm (1 pc.);
• sterile gauze bandage 7 cm (2 pcs.);
• sterile gauze bandage 10 cm (2 pcs.);
• sterile gauze bandage 14 cm (1 pc.);
• sterile dressing bag;
• sterile gauze wipes (1 pack);
• bactericidal patch 2 pcs. (4 x 10);
• bactericidal patch 10 pcs. (1.9 x 7.2);
• roll adhesive plaster;
• mouth-to-mouth device (artificial respiration device).

As practice shows, only dressings are effective. The remaining attributes of the FEST first aid kit are far from perfect. The scissors are not sharp enough and constantly bend. The tourniquet is not able to tighten a certain area of ​​the body and simply breaks.

The list shows that the contents of the driver's first aid kit exclude any medications. There is no ammonia, iodine or brilliant green. However, lack of data medicines does not mean that they cannot be supplemented with a first aid case on their own.

Reasons for changing the composition of the first aid kit

As a rule, there are three main reasons why all drugs were eliminated:

1. Inexperience of car owners. Not all drivers are familiar with proper first aid through the use of medications. Many cases of the opposite effect have been recorded.
2. Heat. Medicines are stored at low temperatures - that's a fact. In a car, the temperature often exceeds the permissible limit, which leads to the unusability of medicines.
3. Inconsistency. Many doctors argue that drugs that were previously part of the first aid kit are not necessary to use in case of an accident. The main event at emergency situations is a blood stop. In view of this, all medications were replaced with dressings.

Rules for using a first aid kit

In view of all of the above, it becomes obvious that first aid occurs in two stages:

1. Call an ambulance.
2. Wrap the affected area of ​​the victim's body with bandages and wait for an ambulance.

It is impossible to imagine first aid actions otherwise.

The main thing to remember is that in case of severe injuries, you cannot change the position of the victim.

Is it possible to supplement a car first aid kit and with what?

Due to the fact that the standard scissors and tourniquets in the FEST first aid kit are, to put it mildly, ineffective, many are wondering whether it is possible to exchange them for their own products and medications?

To answer this question, let us remember what traffic inspectors pay attention to when checking a car first aid kit - to find all the required components of the FEST first aid kit. If any element does not belong to the set, then this becomes a reason for a fine.

Therefore, if you do not want to become a regular customer at the cash register law enforcement, better composition do not change first aid kits, but medications and special means first aid, which seem necessary, should be stored separately in a special bag (or other container).

So, you will have two first aid kits on hand:

1. To be submitted to traffic inspectors for inspection.
2. To truly help yourself in the event of an accident.

Medicines and special means needed on the road:

• iodine and brilliant green;
• heat-resistant blankets (for dislocations and hematomas);
• anti-burn dressings;
• antiseptic (for example, chlorhexidine);
• no-spa (will help with cramps);
• anti-high temperature agents;
• antiallergic drugs;
• dexamethasone (for shock);
• medications for the heart (prescribed by your doctor);
• anaprilin (eliminates fear that occurs with increased heart rate);
• kapoten (recommended for hypertensive patients);
• smecta (will help with poisoning);
• loperamide (for diarrhea);
• remedies for insect bites;
• Visin drops (for eye fatigue);
• if you have a neck injury, you will need a neck brace;
• hypothermic package (needed for edema).

How to conclude a correct car repair and maintenance agreement? Read. Don't know how to choose a DVR? Helpful information In this article .

There is no need to purchase all of the above medications, but some of them will definitely come in handy on the road.

Many drivers regard the need to have a first aid kit in the car as a prerequisite in case of an inspection by a traffic police inspector - nothing more. But, in fact, this component of the machine’s equipment is extremely important. A car first aid kit can save lives in the event of an accident or in the event of injury during repairs.

Contents of the first aid kit

According to the requirements of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated 2009, the first aid kit for a car now includes the following.

1. Hemostatic tourniquet (1).
2. Set of sterile bandages (5).
3. Set of non-sterile bandages (5).
4. .Sterile gauze wipes (1 pack).
5. Sterile dressing bag (1).
6. Adhesive bactericidal patch 160×40 (2).
7. Adhesive bactericidal patch 72×19 (10).
8. Tape adhesive plaster 1cm wide – 1 roll (250cm).
9. Mouthpiece for mouth-to-mouth breathing (1).
10. Hygienic gloves (1).
11. Scissors (1).
12. Instructions for using a car first aid kit and its contents.

The first aid kit contains no medications at all due to special storage requirements, which cannot be achieved in a car trunk. Moreover, it is almost impossible without special education determine the need and dosage of the drug.

The number of hemostatic agents has been increased. Indeed, according to statistics, most deaths in road accidents occur due to blood loss. The developers took into account the experience of many countries around the world, where first aid kits have long been equipped in this way. The shelf life eventually increased noticeably from 1.5 years earlier to 4.5 years now.

Additional equipment

The list of drugs in the first aid kit is a recommendation. But no one will fine the driver for the presence of various medications in excess of the norm. Each car owner is free to supplement the first aid kit at his own discretion. Most often, medications are reported taking into account the characteristics of your body.

Example of a good first aid kit

Among other additions, it is advisable to put another rubber band in the car, purchased separately from the kit. The thing is that a standard tourniquet tends to tear. Especially when trying to stop the bleeding from a hip injury. You can also put special anti-burn bandages in your first aid kit.

In addition, it is advisable to add anesthetics. Most effective drugs are:

• Baralgin ampoules with syringes.
• Nimesulide.

These drugs tolerate both cold and extreme heat well, while maintaining all their characteristics. This composition of a car first aid kit will be optimal.

Acquisition

A car first aid kit currently does not affect the technical inspection, but a traffic police inspector can fine you 500 rubles on the road for its absence. This is approximately equal to the cost of a first aid kit. And since you can be checked more than once in four and a half years, it is still cheaper to purchase it.

The minimum cost of such a set is 350 rubles, but experts recommend not saving and purchasing slightly more expensive first aid kits. The quality of their content is higher.

You can buy car first aid kits in various places.

• Pharmacy.
• Refueling.
• Auto parts store.

The best option would be to purchase from a licensed pharmacy chain or a large store for motorists. Usually they monitor the quality of the goods offered. Gas stations are the worst place for such a purchase. You can find a lot of fakes there. Therefore, you can only shop there if you need a first aid kit on the way.

First aid

It’s not enough to put a first aid kit in the car, you need to know how to use it. Driving schools teach the basics of first aid. But in reality, this process is limited to simply studying the questions from the tickets on this topic.

Therefore, the driver who witnesses an accident is most often unable to properly provide assistance to the victims, or refuses to do so altogether. According to statistics, seventy percent of those killed on the roads die due to the provision of unqualified assistance or its complete absence. At the same time, the modern composition of a car first aid kit makes it possible to help victims quite effectively.

If you witness an accident with victims, then you need to adhere to a certain algorithm of actions.

1. Secure the scene of an accident.
2. Stop the impact of negative factors on the victim.
3. Call emergency services.
4. Perform a first aid.

The last points may change places. For example, if there is major bleeding, you should first apply a tourniquet and then call an ambulance.

In any accident there is a risk of the car catching fire. Therefore, the first step is to de-energize the machine systems. To do this, just remove the terminals from the battery.

This is a very important action. After all, the car burns for five minutes. If a fire occurs, you simply will not have time to pull the victim out of the cabin. There is also a risk of explosion. In this case, you yourself may suffer.

After this, the victim should be pulled out. First, the airbag (if equipped) is removed and the seat belts are unfastened. The person's condition is assessed. If he is unconscious, you need to shine a flashlight into his eyes. Lack of response to light is a sign of coma or clinical death.

You need to pull the victim out by carefully grabbing him by the armpits. If your leg or arm is stuck, you should not try to free it yourself. This can aggravate the injury. You should wait for the emergency services specialists. When pulling out the victim, it is advisable not to bend the torso and limbs, so as not to cause displacement of the bones during fractures.

If a spinal injury is suspected, the person is placed on his stomach. In other cases, it is advisable to lay it on its side. Also, do not forget to remove (tear off) all clothing that is tight and interferes with breathing.

Stop bleeding

You should start by stopping the bleeding. If the veins and arteries are not damaged, then a simple pressure bandage can be used. If the bleeding is severe and the blood flows out in a pulsating stream, a rubber tourniquet should be used.

It should be applied five centimeters above the wound. If possible, the limb is raised above the level of the heart. Do not apply a tourniquet directly to the skin. This should only be done by placing a cloth under it or on top of clothing. Don't forget to put a note under the tourniquet with the time it was applied. Every one and a half to two hours you should loosen the tourniquet for a few minutes.

Reanimation

At in serious condition the victim may need resuscitation actions. If there is no pulse or breathing, the first step is to clear the airways. After this, using a special device, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration is performed. This action should be interspersed with chest compressions.

With single-person resuscitation, there should be fifteen chest compressions per two breaths. When performing resuscitation procedures together, there are five pressures per breath. Cardiac massage should be performed until the heartbeat and spontaneous breathing are restored.

Independent transportation of the victim is extremely undesirable. But in cases where the ambulance is late, this may be the only way out. possible option. Most often, patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injuries, as well as bleeding in the absence of other injuries, are brought to the hospital on their own.

A person should not be allowed to move independently. To transfer it to the car, it is better to use a stretcher; you can make them from improvised materials. There are transportation features depending on the type of injury:

• In case of fainting, the victim is laid down, making sure that the head is lower than the body.
• If the skin of the neck is damaged, the person should be placed in a semi-sitting position, with the head tilted towards the chest.
• For chest wounds, the optimal position would be a semi-sitting position with an inclination on the wounded side.
• If there is a suspicion of internal bleeding, then it is better to transport the victim lying down, with a cushion placed under the knees.

Conclusion

Correct actions when providing assistance to a victim of an accident can save his life. But if you are not confident in your skills, then it is better to refrain from active actions and just wait for an ambulance. Unqualified help can only worsen a person’s condition.